Annual Achievements Report
Available Now
 
 Find out more
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 

Recent Articles  

20 pages, 5700 KiB  
Article
Multimodal Personality Recognition Using Self-Attention-Based Fusion of Audio, Visual, and Text Features
by Hyeonuk Bhin and Jongsuk Choi
Electronics 2025, 14(14), 2837; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14142837 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Personality is a fundamental psychological trait that exerts a long-term influence on human behavior patterns and social interactions. Automatic personality recognition (APR) has exhibited increasing importance across various domains, including Human–Robot Interaction (HRI), personalized services, and psychological assessments. In this study, we propose [...] Read more.
Personality is a fundamental psychological trait that exerts a long-term influence on human behavior patterns and social interactions. Automatic personality recognition (APR) has exhibited increasing importance across various domains, including Human–Robot Interaction (HRI), personalized services, and psychological assessments. In this study, we propose a multimodal personality recognition model that classifies the Big Five personality traits by extracting features from three heterogeneous sources: audio processed using Wav2Vec2, video represented as Skeleton Landmark time series, and text encoded through Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Doc2Vec embeddings. Each modality is handled through an independent Self-Attention block that highlights salient temporal information, and these representations are then summarized and integrated using a late fusion approach to effectively reflect both the inter-modal complementarity and cross-modal interactions. Compared to traditional recurrent neural network (RNN)-based multimodal models and unimodal classifiers, the proposed model achieves an improvement of up to 12 percent in the F1-score. It also maintains a high prediction accuracy and robustness under limited input conditions. Furthermore, a visualization based on t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) demonstrates clear distributional separation across the personality classes, enhancing the interpretability of the model and providing insights into the structural characteristics of its latent representations. To support real-time deployment, a lightweight thread-based processing architecture is implemented, ensuring computational efficiency. By leveraging deep learning-based feature extraction and the Self-Attention mechanism, we present a novel personality recognition framework that balances performance with interpretability. The proposed approach establishes a strong foundation for practical applications in HRI, counseling, education, and other interactive systems that require personalized adaptation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Explainable Machine Learning and Data Mining)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1998 KiB  
Article
Marginal Design of a Pneumatic Stage Position Using Filtered Right Coprime Factorization and PPC-SMC
by Tomoya Hoshina, Yusaku Tanabata and Mingcong Deng
Axioms 2025, 14(7), 534; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14070534 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
In recent years, pneumatic stages have attracted attention as stages for semiconductor manufacturing equipment due to their low cost and minimal maintenance requirements. However, pneumatic stages include nonlinear elements such as friction and air compressibility, making precise control challenging. To address this issue, [...] Read more.
In recent years, pneumatic stages have attracted attention as stages for semiconductor manufacturing equipment due to their low cost and minimal maintenance requirements. However, pneumatic stages include nonlinear elements such as friction and air compressibility, making precise control challenging. To address this issue, this paper aims to achieve high-precision positioning by applying a nonlinear position control method to pneumatic stages. To achieve this, we propose a control method that combines filtered right coprime factorization and Prescribed Performance Control–Sliding Mode Control (PPC-SMC). Filtered right coprime factorization not only stabilizes and simplifies the plant but also reduces noise. Furthermore, PPC-SMC enables safer and faster control by constraining the system state within a switching surface that imposes limits on the error range. Through experiments on the actual system, it was confirmed that the proposed method achieves dramatically higher precision and faster tracking compared to conventional methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives in Control Theory)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 349 KiB  
Article
Beyond the Answers: The Role of Questions in Driving Regional School Development—But Whose Questions and with What Focus?
by Pernilla Granklint Enochson and Jeanette Sjöberg
Trends High. Educ. 2025, 4(3), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/higheredu4030035 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
School development is important in society. This study investigates how questions work as an information carrier between different levels in a school organization. The questions are organized in a hierarchy, with the regional steering committee’s overarching question at the top and then distributed [...] Read more.
School development is important in society. This study investigates how questions work as an information carrier between different levels in a school organization. The questions are organized in a hierarchy, with the regional steering committee’s overarching question at the top and then distributed further on to the municipalities to interpret the questions that engage with their practice management. At the bottom of the hierarchy are the schools, and they create the final professional research questions that engage with day-to-day practice. Previous studies show that supporting and challenging each other can lead to the development of new knowledge in the organization. This is an empirical study based on documents with questions from the three levels (regional, municipal, and school). The questions were collected and the content in the questions was analyzed. The results show that it is possible to develop an organization by asking development-related questions, from top to bottom, in a hierarchical organization. However, problems arise when the developing questions require interpretation, and the interpretation leads to the shifting of the original goal. In this study, the aim at regional-level students and knowledge/learning was shifted to a focus on teachers and teaching especially at school level. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 1847 KiB  
Article
Unveiling Hidden Dynamics in Air Traffic Networks: An Additional-Symmetry-Inspired Framework for Flight Delay Prediction
by Chao Yin, Xinke Du, Jianyu Duan, Qiang Tang and Li Shen
Mathematics 2025, 13(14), 2274; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13142274 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Flight delays pose a significant challenge to the modern aviation industry, with prediction difficulties arising from the need to accurately model spatio-temporal dependencies and uncertainties within complex air traffic networks. To address this challenge, this study proposes a novel hybrid predictive framework named [...] Read more.
Flight delays pose a significant challenge to the modern aviation industry, with prediction difficulties arising from the need to accurately model spatio-temporal dependencies and uncertainties within complex air traffic networks. To address this challenge, this study proposes a novel hybrid predictive framework named DenseNet-LSTM-FBLS. The framework first employs a DenseNet-LSTM module for deep spatio-temporal feature extraction, where DenseNet captures the intricate spatial correlations between airports, and LSTM models the temporal evolution of delays and meteorological conditions. In a key innovation, the extracted features are fed into a Fuzzy Broad Learning System (FBLS)—marking the first application of this method in the field of flight delay prediction. The FBLS component effectively handles data uncertainty through its fuzzy logic, while its “broad” architecture offers greater computational efficiency compared to traditional deep networks. Validated on a large-scale dataset of 198,970 real-world European flights, the proposed model achieves a prediction accuracy of 92.71%, significantly outperforming various baseline models. The results demonstrate that the DenseNet-LSTM-FBLS framework provides a highly accurate and efficient solution for flight delay forecasting, highlighting the considerable potential of Fuzzy Broad Learning Systems for tackling complex real-world prediction tasks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetries of Integrable Systems, 2nd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 3114 KiB  
Article
An Efficient Extraction, Characterization and Antioxidant Study of Polysaccharides from Peucedani Decursivi Radix
by Qian Li, Zeyu Li, Chaogui Hu, Chenyue Wang, Feng Yang and Xiaoqin Ding
Plants 2025, 14(14), 2188; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14142188 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Hot water extraction (HE), enzyme-assisted hot water extraction (EAHE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction with NADES (UAE-NADES) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction with NADES and enzyme pretreatment (UAE-NADES-E) were employed to extract polysaccharides from Peucedani Decursivi Radix (PDR) and their structures were characterized for the first time. UAE-NADES-E [...] Read more.
Hot water extraction (HE), enzyme-assisted hot water extraction (EAHE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction with NADES (UAE-NADES) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction with NADES and enzyme pretreatment (UAE-NADES-E) were employed to extract polysaccharides from Peucedani Decursivi Radix (PDR) and their structures were characterized for the first time. UAE-NADES-E was found to be the most effective extraction method, and the extraction process was optimized by Box–Behnken design (BBD)-response surface methodology (RSM) experiments. The optimal extraction process was determined by using a NADES system with a molar ratio of betaine to 1,3-butanediol of 1:3, a water content of 30%, a liquid/solid ratio of 40:1 mL/g, an ultrasound time of 30 min, an ultrasound temperature of 45 °C and an alcohol precipitation time of 6 h; the polysaccharide extraction yield reached 19.93%. Further, the structures of polysaccharides from PDR extracted by the above four methods were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, gel and anion-exchange chromatography. Eight monosaccharides were detected in the PDR polysaccharides extracted by the four methods. The PDR polysaccharides extracted by the UAE-NADES-E method had lower molecular weights compared with those extracted by the other methods. Moreover, the PDR polysaccharides exhibited obvious antioxidant activity, as revealed by DPPH, ABTS+ and hydroxyl radical scavenging experiments, meaning they have the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Extraction Techniques for Bioactive Compounds Derived from Plant Resources)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

17 pages, 2310 KiB  
Review
Evaluation of Corneal Sensitivity: Tools We Have
by Ezra Eio, Mingyi Yu, Chang Liu, Isabelle Xin Yu Lee, Regina Kay Ting Wong, Jipson Hon Fai Wong and Yu-Chi Liu
Diagnostics 2025, 15(14), 1785; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15141785 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Corneal sensitivity is an important indicator of corneal health and innervation. Corneal hypoesthesia may be an early indicator of corneal diseases such as neurotrophic keratopathy. Various instruments have been used to measure corneal sensitivity, the first being the Cochet–Bonnet aesthesiometer. Over the years, [...] Read more.
Corneal sensitivity is an important indicator of corneal health and innervation. Corneal hypoesthesia may be an early indicator of corneal diseases such as neurotrophic keratopathy. Various instruments have been used to measure corneal sensitivity, the first being the Cochet–Bonnet aesthesiometer. Over the years, new devices employing different stimuli have been developed, such as the gas-based Belmonte aesthesiometer, the Swiss liquid-jet aesthesiometer, and the most recently released corneal Brill aesthesiometer. In this review, the progress and advancement of aesthesiometers since their introduction is described. The mechanism, advantages, and disadvantages of these aesthesiometers are discussed and compared. We also report the relationship between corneal sensitivity and corneal innervation in various conditions, including diabetes mellitus, Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy, dry eye disease, glaucoma, keratoconus, herpes simplex keratitis, post-refractive surgery, and ocular graft-versus-host disease. Through this review, we aim to highlight the importance of the assessment of corneal sensitivity and innervation in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of anterior and posterior segment ocular disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eye Diseases: Diagnosis and Management—2nd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2907 KiB  
Article
Neural Dynamics of Strategic Early Predictive Saccade Behavior in Target Arrival Estimation
by Ryo Koshizawa, Kazuma Oki and Masaki Takayose
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(7), 750; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15070750 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Accurately predicting the arrival position of a moving target is essential in sports and daily life. While predictive saccades are known to enhance performance, the neural mechanisms underlying the timing of these strategies remain unclear. This study investigated how the timing [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Accurately predicting the arrival position of a moving target is essential in sports and daily life. While predictive saccades are known to enhance performance, the neural mechanisms underlying the timing of these strategies remain unclear. This study investigated how the timing of saccadic strategies—executed early versus late—affects cortical activity patterns, as measured by electroencephalography (EEG). Methods: Sixteen participants performed a task requiring them to predict the arrival position and timing of a parabolically moving target that became occluded midway through its trajectory. Based on eye movement behavior, participants were classified into an Early Saccade Strategy Group (SSG) or a Late SSG. EEG signals were analyzed in the low beta band (13–15 Hz) using the Hilbert transform. Group differences in eye movements and EEG activity were statistically assessed. Results: No significant group differences were observed in final position or response timing errors. However, time-series analysis showed that the Early SSG achieved earlier and more accurate eye positioning. EEG results revealed greater low beta activity in the Early SSG at electrode sites FC6 and P8, corresponding to the frontal eye field (FEF) and middle temporal (MT) visual area, respectively. Conclusions: Early execution of predictive saccades was associated with enhanced cortical activity in visuomotor and motion-sensitive regions. These findings suggest that early engagement of saccadic strategies supports more efficient visuospatial processing, with potential applications in dynamic physical tasks and digitally mediated performance domains such as eSports. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Neuroscience: Theoretical, Applied, and Experimental Research)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1960 KiB  
Article
Association Between Vertebral Artery Stiffness and Idiopathic Subjective Tinnitus: A Prospective Study
by Ismail Aytac, Alper Yazici, Orhan Tunc, Rauf Gul, Yusuf Inanc and Koray Tumuklu
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(14), 7890; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147890 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Objectives: Tinnitus, defined as the perception of sound without an external stimulus, is a complex condition with unclear etiology. Emerging evidence suggests a link between vascular dysfunction, particularly arterial stiffness, and tinnitus. This study aimed to evaluate vertebral artery stiffness in patients with [...] Read more.
Objectives: Tinnitus, defined as the perception of sound without an external stimulus, is a complex condition with unclear etiology. Emerging evidence suggests a link between vascular dysfunction, particularly arterial stiffness, and tinnitus. This study aimed to evaluate vertebral artery stiffness in patients with idiopathic subjective tinnitus and assess the utility of Doppler ultrasonography as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 31 patients with idiopathic tinnitus (11 males, 20 females; mean age: 50.42 ± 9.64 years) and 24 healthy controls (12 males, 12 females; mean age: 39.67 ± 10.63 years) underwent comprehensive clinical evaluations, including pure tone audiometry, blood tests, and vertebrobasilar Doppler ultrasonography. Vertebral artery stiffness index (VAS), resistive index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) were measured bilaterally. Results: A total of 31 patients with idiopathic subjective tinnitus and 24 healthy controls were evaluated. The mean age was significantly higher in the tinnitus group compared to controls (50.42 ± 9.64 vs. 39.67 ± 10.63 years, p < 0.001). Lipid profile analysis revealed significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (193.6 ± 47.28 vs. 167.5 ± 28.99 mg/dL, p = 0.021), LDL (149.4 ± 37.9 vs. 106.1 ± 10.7 mg/dL, p < 0.005), and triglycerides (202.2 ± 83.5 vs. 148.6 ± 26.4 mg/dL, p < 0.005) in tinnitus patients. Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated significantly higher vertebral artery stiffness values in the tinnitus group (left: 2.87 ± 0.72 vs. 2.12 ± 0.22; right: 2.99 ± 0.77 vs. 2.14 ± 0.5; both p < 0.005). Similarly, pulsatility index (PI) was significantly elevated in patients compared to controls (left: 2.45 ± 1.2 vs. 1.2 ± 0.43; right: 2.49 ± 1.02 vs. 1.19 ± 0.42; both p < 0.005). No significant differences were observed in resistive index (RI) or vertebral artery diameters between groups. Among tinnitus patients, PI and VAS were significantly higher on the side corresponding to reported tinnitus symptoms (p < 0.05), suggesting a lateralized vascular contribution. Conclusions: The findings suggested a potential relationship between idiopathic subjective tinnitus and vertebral artery stiffness. We demonstrated the utility of Doppler ultrasonography, a cost-effective and non-invasive imaging modality, for evaluating vascular parameters in tinnitus patients, paving the way for broader clinical applications. By uncovering a significant association between vertebral artery stiffness and tinnitus, our findings suggest that vascular health assessments could enhance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for tinnitus management. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 5946 KiB  
Article
Targeting Sodium Transport Reveals CHP1 Downregulation as a Novel Molecular Feature of Malignant Progression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Insights from Integrated Multi-Omics Analyses
by Yun Wu, Ri-Ting Zhu, Jia-Ru Chen, Xiao-Min Liu, Guo-Liang Huang, Jin-Cheng Zeng, Hong-Bing Yu, Xin Liu and Cui-Fang Han
Biomolecules 2025, 15(7), 1019; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15071019 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common RCC subtype, displays significant intratumoral heterogeneity driven by metabolic reprogramming, which complicates our understanding of disease progression and limits treatment efficacy. This study aimed to construct a comprehensive cellular and transcriptional landscape of ccRCC, [...] Read more.
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common RCC subtype, displays significant intratumoral heterogeneity driven by metabolic reprogramming, which complicates our understanding of disease progression and limits treatment efficacy. This study aimed to construct a comprehensive cellular and transcriptional landscape of ccRCC, with emphasis on gene expression dynamics during malignant progression. An integrated analysis of 90 scRNA-seq samples comprising 534,227 cells revealed a progressive downregulation of sodium ion transport-related genes, particularly CHP1 (calcineurin B homologous protein isoform 1), which is predominantly expressed in epithelial cells. Reduced CHP1 expression was confirmed at both mRNA and protein levels using bulk RNA-seq, CPTAC proteomics, immunohistochemistry, and ccRCC cell lines. Survival analysis showed that high CHP1 expression correlated with improved prognosis. Functional analyses, including pseudotime trajectory, Mfuzz clustering, and cell–cell communication modeling, indicated that CHP1+ epithelial cells engage in immune interaction via PPIA–BSG signaling. Transcriptomic profiling and molecular docking suggested that CHP1 modulates amino acid transport through SLC38A1. ZNF460 was identified as a potential transcription factor of CHP1. Virtual screening identified arbutin and imatinib mesylate as candidate CHP1-targeting compounds. These findings establish CHP1 downregulation as a novel molecular feature of ccRCC progression and support its utility as a prognostic biomarker. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Bioinformatics and Systems Biology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 4793 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Ecological Quality Status in Shellfish Farms in South Korea Using Multiple Benthic Indices
by Se-Hyun Choi, Jian Liang and Chae-Woo Ma
Animals 2025, 15(14), 2086; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15142086 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
South Korea is one of the world’s major centers for marine shellfish aquaculture. Since the industry’s rapid expansion began in the 1980s, concerns have grown regarding its environmental impacts on coastal marine ecosystems. Evaluating the benthic ecological quality status (EcoQs) of shellfish farms [...] Read more.
South Korea is one of the world’s major centers for marine shellfish aquaculture. Since the industry’s rapid expansion began in the 1980s, concerns have grown regarding its environmental impacts on coastal marine ecosystems. Evaluating the benthic ecological quality status (EcoQs) of shellfish farms using benthic indices provides a scientific foundation for the sustainable management of aquaculture areas. In our study, five benthic indices (AZTI’s marine biotic index, BENTIX, benthic opportunistic polychaeta amphipoda index, benthic pollution index, and multivariate AMBI) and one composite index were selected to assess EcoQs of shellfish farms in Gangjin Bay, South Korea. Our results revealed significant differences in macrobenthic community structure and EcoQs between November and December in Gangjin Bay. Spearman correlation analysis and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) demonstrated that the multivariate AMBI (M-AMBI) exhibited the best overall performance among indices. However, considering the ecological complexity, variability in farming practices, and site-specific conditions typical of shellfish aquaculture environments, the use of five benthic indices and a composite index is recommended to ensure a more comprehensive and robust evaluation of EcoQs in Korean shellfish farms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Aquatic Animals)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 16333 KiB  
Review
The Burgeoning Importance of Nanomotion Sensors in Microbiology and Biology
by Marco Girasole and Giovanni Longo
Biosensors 2025, 15(7), 455; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15070455 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Nanomotion sensors have emerged as a pivotal technology in microbiology and biology, leveraging advances in nanotechnology, microelectronics, and optics to provide a highly sensitive, label-free detection of biological activity and interactions. These sensors were first limited to nanomechanical oscillators like atomic force microscopy [...] Read more.
Nanomotion sensors have emerged as a pivotal technology in microbiology and biology, leveraging advances in nanotechnology, microelectronics, and optics to provide a highly sensitive, label-free detection of biological activity and interactions. These sensors were first limited to nanomechanical oscillators like atomic force microscopy cantilevers, but now they are expanding into new, more intriguing setups. The idea is to convert the inherent nanoscale movements of living organisms—a direct manifestation of their metabolic activity—into measurable signals. This review highlights the evolution and diverse applications of nanomotion sensing. Key methodologies include Atomic Force Microscopy-based sensors, optical nanomotion detection, graphene drum sensors, and optical fiber-based sensors, each offering unique advantages in sensitivity, cost, and applicability. The analysis of complex nanomotion data is increasingly supported by advanced modeling and the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, enhancing pattern recognition and automation. The versatility and real-time, label-free nature of nanomotion sensing position it as a transformative tool that could revolutionize diagnostics, therapeutics, and fundamental biological research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell-Based Biosensors for Rapid Detection and Monitoring (2nd Edition))
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1657 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Maximum Torque in Implant-Supported Prostheses: A Pilot Laboratory Study
by Mahoor Kaffashian, Seyedfarzad Fazaeli, Joana Fialho, Filipe Araújo, Patrícia Fonseca and André Correia
Prosthesis 2025, 7(4), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis7040083 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: the precise application of torque during prosthetic screw tightening is essential to the long-term success and mechanical stability of implant-supported restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of practitioner experience, glove material, screwdriver length, and hand moisture on the maximum torque [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: the precise application of torque during prosthetic screw tightening is essential to the long-term success and mechanical stability of implant-supported restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of practitioner experience, glove material, screwdriver length, and hand moisture on the maximum torque value (MTV) generated during manual tightening. Methods: thirty participants, comprising 10 experienced professors and 20 senior dental students, performed tightening tasks under six hand conditions (nitrile gloves, latex gloves, and bare hands, each in dry and wet environments) using two screwdriver lengths (21 mm and 27 mm). The torque values were measured using a calibrated digital torque meter, and the results were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Results: professors applied significantly higher torque than students (16.92 Ncm vs. 15.03 Ncm; p = 0.008). Nitrile gloves yielded the highest torque (17.11 Ncm), surpassing bare hands significantly (p = 0.003). No statistically significant differences were found for screwdriver length (p = 0.12) or hand moisture (p = 0.11). Conclusions: these findings underscore the importance of clinical proficiency and glove material in torque delivery, providing evidence-based insights to enhance procedural reliability and training standards in implant prosthodontics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Prosthodontics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 846 KiB  
Review
Multifaceted Marine Peptides and Their Therapeutic Potential
by Svetlana V. Guryanova and Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
Mar. Drugs 2025, 23(7), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/md23070288 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Marine peptides, derived from a great number of aquatic organisms, exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities that hold a significant therapeutic potential. This article reviews the multifaceted roles of marine peptides, focusing on their antibacterial, antibiofilm, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, cytotoxic, anticancer, immunomodulatory, [...] Read more.
Marine peptides, derived from a great number of aquatic organisms, exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities that hold a significant therapeutic potential. This article reviews the multifaceted roles of marine peptides, focusing on their antibacterial, antibiofilm, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, cytotoxic, anticancer, immunomodulatory, chemotactic, opsonizing, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, skin-protective, and wound-healing properties. By elucidating mechanisms of their action and highlighting key research findings, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of possible therapeutic applications of marine peptides, underscoring their importance in developing novel drugs as well as in cosmetology, food industry, aquatic and agriculture biotechnology. Further investigations are essential to harness their therapeutic potential and should focus on detailed mechanism studies, large-scale production, and clinical evaluations with a view to confirm their efficacy and safety and translate these findings into practical applications. It is also important to investigate the potential synergistic effects of marine peptide combinations with existing medicines to enhance their efficacy. Challenges include the sustainable sourcing of marine peptides, and therefore an environmental impact of harvesting marine organisms must be considered as well. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Bioactive Peptides—Structure, Function and Application, 3rd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 5271 KiB  
Article
Impact of Biomimetic Fin on Pitching Characteristics of a Hydrofoil
by Faraz Ikram, Muhammad Yamin Younis, Bilal Akbar Chuddher, Usman Latif, Haroon Mushtaq, Kamran Afzal, Muhammad Asif Awan, Asad Ijaz and Noman Bashir
Biomimetics 2025, 10(7), 462; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10070462 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Biomimetic design for engineering applications may suggest the optimal performance of engineering devices. In this work the passive/pure pitching characteristics of a hydrofoil are investigated experimentally with and without a pair of biomimetic fin strips placed symmetrically on the two sides of the [...] Read more.
Biomimetic design for engineering applications may suggest the optimal performance of engineering devices. In this work the passive/pure pitching characteristics of a hydrofoil are investigated experimentally with and without a pair of biomimetic fin strips placed symmetrically on the two sides of the foil leading edge. The work is performed in a recirculating water channel at low Reynolds numbers (Re) with a range of 1300 ≤ Re ≤ 3200. Using high-speed videography and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), the pitching characteristics and wakes are visualized. Passive pitching characteristics, i.e., the pitching amplitude and pitching frequency of the hydrofoils, are investigated based on their trailing edge movement. Significant improvement in both pitching frequency and amplitudes are observed for the foil with fin strips compared to the baseline simple foil. Comparing the pitching characteristics of the two foils, it is observed that the hydrofoil with biomimetic fin strips exhibits 25% and 21% higher pitching amplitude and pitching frequency, respectively, compared to that of the baseline at comparable Reynolds numbers. The initiation of pitching for the finned foil is also observed at comparatively low Reynolds numbers. The wake is also studied using time mean and fluctuating velocity profiles obtained using PIV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Locomotion and Bioinspired Robotics)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

18 pages, 3877 KiB  
Review
The Palliation of Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer: Evolution from Surgery to Minimally Invasive Modalities
by Muaaz Masood, Shayan Irani, Mehran Fotoohi, Lauren Wancata, Rajesh Krishnamoorthi and Richard A. Kozarek
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(14), 4997; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14144997 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy, with a current 5-year survival rate in the United States of approximately 13.3%. Although the current standard for resectable pancreatic cancer most commonly includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to a curative resection, surgery, in the majority of patients, [...] Read more.
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy, with a current 5-year survival rate in the United States of approximately 13.3%. Although the current standard for resectable pancreatic cancer most commonly includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to a curative resection, surgery, in the majority of patients, has historically been palliative. The latter interventions include open or laparoscopic bypass of the bile duct or stomach in cases of obstructive jaundice or gastric outlet obstruction, respectively. Non-surgical interventional therapies started with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), both as a palliative maneuver in unresectable patients with obstructive jaundice and to improve liver function in patients whose surgery was delayed. Likewise, interventional radiologic techniques included the placement of plastic and ultimately self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) through PTBD tracts in patients with unresectable cancer as well as percutaneous cholecystostomy in patients who developed cholecystitis in the context of malignant obstructive jaundice. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and stent placement (plastic/SEMS) were subsequently used both preoperatively and palliatively, and this was followed by, or undertaken in conjunction with, endoscopic gastro-duodenal SEMS placement for gastric outlet obstruction. Although endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was initially used to cytologically diagnose and stage pancreatic cancer, early palliation included celiac block or ablation for intractable pain. However, it took the development of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs) to facilitate a myriad of palliative procedures: cholecystoduodenal, choledochoduodenal, gastrohepatic, and gastroenteric anastomoses for cholecystitis, obstructive jaundice, and gastric outlet obstruction, respectively. In this review, we outline these procedures, which have variably supplanted surgery for the palliation of pancreatic cancer in this rapidly evolving field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pancreatic Cancer: Novel Strategies of Diagnosis and Treatment)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 5335 KiB  
Article
An Italian Study of PM0.5 Toxicity: In Vitro Investigation of Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, Intercellular Communication, and Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteases
by Nathalie Steimberg, Giovanna Mazzoleni, Jennifer Boniotti, Milena Villarini, Massimo Moretti, Annalaura Carducci, Marco Verani, Tiziana Grassi, Francesca Serio, Sara Bonetta, Elisabetta Carraro, Alberto Bonetti, Silvia Bonizzoni, Umberto Gelatti and the MAPEC_LIFE Study Group
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(14), 6769; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26146769 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM), mainly PM0.5, represents a significant concern for human health, particularly relating to lung homeostasis, and more research is required to ascertain its tissue tropism and the molecular pathways involved. In this study, we first focus on classical in [...] Read more.
Particulate matter (PM), mainly PM0.5, represents a significant concern for human health, particularly relating to lung homeostasis, and more research is required to ascertain its tissue tropism and the molecular pathways involved. In this study, we first focus on classical in vitro toxicological endpoints (cytotoxicity and cell growth) in human bronchial and alveolar epithelial cell lines mimicking the two pulmonary target tissues. Air samples were collected in five Italian cities (Brescia, Lecce, Perugia, Pisa, Turin) during winter and spring. To better decipher the PM0.5 effects on pulmonary cells, a further winter sampling was performed in Brescia, and studies were extended to assess tumour promotion, oxidative stress, and the activity of Matrix metalloproteases (MMP). The results confirmed that the effect of air pollution is linked to the seasons (winter is usually more cytotoxic than spring) and is correlated with the peculiar characteristics of the cities studied (meteoclimatic conditions, economic/anthropogenic activities). Alveolar cells were often less sensitive than bronchial cells. All PM samples from Brescia inhibited intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions (GJIC), increased the total content in glutathione, and decreased the reduced form of glutathione, whereas the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) content was almost constant. Long-term treatments at higher doses of PM decreased MMP2 and MMP9 activity. Taken together, the results confirmed that PM is cytotoxic and can potentially act as tumour promoters, but the mechanisms involved in oxidative stress and lung homeostasis are dose- and time-dependent and quite complex. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Influence of Environmental Factors on Disease and Health Outcomes)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 703 KiB  
Article
Behind the Screens: Digital Transformation and Tax Policy
by Zahra Souguir, Naima Lassoued, Imen Khanchel and Eya Bejaoui
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2025, 18(7), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18070390 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of digital transformation on corporate tax avoidance in the banking industry, focusing on banks in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This study employs regression analysis on a sample of 123 banks in the MENA region, covering [...] Read more.
This study investigates the impact of digital transformation on corporate tax avoidance in the banking industry, focusing on banks in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This study employs regression analysis on a sample of 123 banks in the MENA region, covering the period from 2011 to 2022. The results indicate a negative relationship between digital transformation and tax avoidance, with conventional banks showing a stronger inclination to adopt these trends compared to Islamic banks. Digital transformation is identified as an effective mechanism that enhances transparency and mitigates tax avoidance activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tax Avoidance and Earnings Management)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 1390 KiB  
Review
Singlet Oxygen in Food: A Review on Its Formation, Oxidative Damages, Quenchers, and Applications in Preservation
by Limei Xiao, Shoujing Zheng, Zhengrong Lin, Chunyan Zhang, Hua Zhang, Jiebo Chen and Lu Wang
Antioxidants 2025, 14(7), 865; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14070865 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) has been proven to simultaneously cause oxidative damage to food and the death of microorganisms. In order to enhance the utilization of 1O2 in food systems, this review presents an overview of recent studies [...] Read more.
Singlet oxygen (1O2) has been proven to simultaneously cause oxidative damage to food and the death of microorganisms. In order to enhance the utilization of 1O2 in food systems, this review presents an overview of recent studies on the formation mechanisms of 1O2, the damage mechanisms of 1O2 on food, the self-protective mechanisms in food against 1O2, and the applications of 1O2 in food preservation based on the narrative review guidelines. Studies have shown that in vegetable and meat systems, 1O2 is mainly produced through photochemical reactions. It has been suggested that proteins and lipids are the main target compounds for oxygen in food. Natural antioxidants in food (such as vitamin E and carotenoids) can remove 1O2 through physical or chemical quenching mechanisms. Novel preservation techniques featuring a thin film technology coupled with photosensitizers have been employed on the surface of food to prolong the shelf life. However, how to balance the bactericidal effect of 1O2 and its oxidative effects on food still requires further research. It could be feasible that 1O2 will play an increasingly important role in the future food industry on the premise of strengthening supervision over food safety risks induced by 1O2. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 11290 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on Compressive Capacity Behavior of Helical Anchors in Aeolian Sand and Optimization of Design Methods
by Qingsheng Chen, Wei Liu, Linhe Li, Yijin Wu, Yi Zhang, Songzhao Qu, Yue Zhang, Fei Liu and Yonghua Guo
Buildings 2025, 15(14), 2480; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15142480 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
The compressive capacity of helical anchors constitutes a pivotal performance parameter in geotechnical design. To precisely predict the compressive bearing behavior of helical anchors in aeolian sand, this study integrates in situ testing with finite element numerical analysis to systematically elucidate the non-linear [...] Read more.
The compressive capacity of helical anchors constitutes a pivotal performance parameter in geotechnical design. To precisely predict the compressive bearing behavior of helical anchors in aeolian sand, this study integrates in situ testing with finite element numerical analysis to systematically elucidate the non-linear evolution of its load-bearing mechanisms. The XGBoost algorithm enabled the rigorous quantification of the governing geometric features of compressive capacity, culminating in a computational framework for the bearing capacity factor (Nq) and lateral earth pressure coefficient (Ku). The research findings demonstrate the following: (1) Compressive capacity exhibits significant enhancement with increasing helix diameter yet displays limited sensitivity to helix number. (2) Load–displacement curves progress through three distinct phases—initial quasi-linear, intermediate non-linear, and terminal quasi-linear stages—under escalating pressure. (3) At embedment depths of H < 5D, tensile capacity diminishes by approximately 80% relative to compressive capacity, manifesting as characteristic shallow anchor failure patterns. (4) When H ≥ 5D, stress redistribution transitions from bowl-shaped to elliptical contours, with ≤10% divergence between uplift/compressive capacities, establishing 5D as the critical threshold defining shallow versus deep anchor behavior. (5) The helix spacing ratio (S/D) governs the failure mode transition, where cylindrical shear (CS) dominates at S/D ≤ 4, while individual bearing (IB) prevails at S/D > 4. (6) XGBoost feature importance analysis confirms internal friction angle, helix diameter, and embedment depth as the three parameters exerting the most pronounced influence on capacity. (7) The proposed computational models for Nq and Ku demonstrate exceptional concordance with numerical simulations (mean deviation = 1.03, variance = 0.012). These outcomes provide both theoretical foundations and practical methodologies for helical anchor engineering in aeolian sand environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Structures)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3588 KiB  
Article
Design and Experimental Operation of a Swing-Arm Orchard Sprayer
by Zhongyi Yu, Mingtian Geng, Keyao Zhao, Xiangsen Meng, Hongtu Zhang and Xiongkui He
Agronomy 2025, 15(7), 1706; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15071706 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
In recent years, the traditional orchard sprayer has had problems, such as waste of liquid agrochemicals, low target coverage, high manual dependence, and environmental pollution. In this study, an automatic swing-arm sprayer for orchards was developed based on the standardized pear orchard in [...] Read more.
In recent years, the traditional orchard sprayer has had problems, such as waste of liquid agrochemicals, low target coverage, high manual dependence, and environmental pollution. In this study, an automatic swing-arm sprayer for orchards was developed based on the standardized pear orchard in Pinggu, Beijing. Firstly, the structural principles of a crawler-type traveling system and swing-arm sprayer were simulated using finite element software design. The combination of a diffuse reflection photoelectric sensor and Arduino single-chip microcomputer was used to realize real-time detection and dynamic spray control in the pear canopy, and the sensor delay compensation algorithm was used to optimize target recognition accuracy and improve the utilization rate of liquid agrochemicals. Through the integration of innovative structural design and intelligent control technology, a vertical droplet distribution test was carried out, and the optimal working distance of the spray was determined to be 1 m; the nozzle angle for the upper layer was 45°, that for the lower layer was 15°, and the optimal speed of the swing-arm motor was 75 r/min. Finally, a particle size test and field test of the orchard sprayer were completed, and it was concluded that the swing-arm mode increased the pear tree canopy droplet coverage by 74%, the overall droplet density by 21.4%, and the deposition amount by 23% compared with the non-swing-arm mode, which verified the practicability and reliability of the swing-arm spray and achieved the goal of on-demand pesticide application in pear orchards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unmanned Farms in Smart Agriculture—2nd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 12821 KiB  
Article
The Identification and Diagnosis of ‘Hidden Ice’ in the Mountain Domain
by Brian Whalley
Glacies 2025, 2(3), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/glacies2030008 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Morphological problems for distinguishing between glacier ice, glacier ice with a debris cover (debris-covered glaciers), and rock glaciers are outlined with respect to recognising and mapping these features. Decimal latitude–longitude [dLL] values are used for geolocation. One model for rock glacier formation and [...] Read more.
Morphological problems for distinguishing between glacier ice, glacier ice with a debris cover (debris-covered glaciers), and rock glaciers are outlined with respect to recognising and mapping these features. Decimal latitude–longitude [dLL] values are used for geolocation. One model for rock glacier formation and flow discusses the idea that they consist of ‘mountain permafrost’. However, signs of permafrost-derived ice, such as flow features, have not been identified in these landsystems; talus slopes in the neighbourhoods of glaciers and rock glaciers. An alternative view, whereby rock glaciers are derived from glacier ice rather than permafrost, is demonstrated with examples from various locations in the mountain domain, 𝔻𝕞. A Google Earth and field examination of many rock glaciers shows glacier ice exposed below a rock debris mantle. Ice exposure sites provide ground truth for observations and interpretations stating that rock glaciers are indeed formed from glacier ice. Exposure sites include bare ice at the headwalls of cirques and above debris-covered glaciers; additionally, ice cliffs on the sides of meltwater pools are visible at various locations along the lengths of rock glaciers. Inspection using Google Earth shows that these pools can be traced downslope and their sizes can be monitored between images. Meltwater pools occur in rock glaciers that have been previously identified in inventories as being indictive of permafrost in the mountain domain. Glaciers with a thick rock debris cover exhibit ‘hidden ice’ and are shown to be geomorphological units mapped as rock glaciers. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

31 pages, 1059 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Traffic Light Management for Mobility and Accessibility in Smart Cities
by Malik Almaliki, Amna Bamaqa, Mahmoud Badawy, Tamer Ahmed Farrag, Hossam Magdy Balaha and Mostafa A. Elhosseini
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6462; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146462 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Urban road traffic congestion poses significant challenges to sustainable mobility in smart cities. Traditional traffic light systems, reliant on static or semi-fixed timers, fail to adapt to dynamic traffic conditions, exacerbating congestion and limiting inclusivity. To address these limitations, this paper proposes H-ATLM [...] Read more.
Urban road traffic congestion poses significant challenges to sustainable mobility in smart cities. Traditional traffic light systems, reliant on static or semi-fixed timers, fail to adapt to dynamic traffic conditions, exacerbating congestion and limiting inclusivity. To address these limitations, this paper proposes H-ATLM (a hybrid adaptive traffic lights management), a system utilizing the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) reinforcement learning algorithm to optimize traffic light timings dynamically based on real-time data. The system integrates advanced sensing technologies, such as cameras and inductive loops, to monitor traffic conditions and adaptively adjust signal phases. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements, including reductions in congestion (up to 50%), increases in throughput (up to 149%), and decreases in clearance times (up to 84%). These findings open the door for integrating accessibility-focused features such as adaptive signaling for accessible vehicles, dedicated lanes for paratransit services, and prioritized traffic flows for inclusive mobility. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 3083 KiB  
Article
Hydrological Assessment Using the SWAT Model in the Jundiaí River Basin, Brazil: Calibration, Model Performance, and Land Use Change Impact Analysis
by Larissa Brêtas Moura, Tárcio Rocha Lopes, Sérgio Nascimento Duarte, Pietro Sica and Marcos Vinícius Folegatti
Resources 2025, 14(7), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources14070112 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Flow regulation and water quality maintenance are considered ecosystem services, as they provide environmental benefits with a measurable economic value to society. Distributed or semi-distributed hydrological models can help identify where land use decisions yield the greatest economic and environmental returns related to [...] Read more.
Flow regulation and water quality maintenance are considered ecosystem services, as they provide environmental benefits with a measurable economic value to society. Distributed or semi-distributed hydrological models can help identify where land use decisions yield the greatest economic and environmental returns related to water resources. For these reasons, this study integrated simulations performed with the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model under varying land use conditions, aiming to balance potential benefits with the loss of ecosystem services. Among the tested parameters, those associated with surface runoff showed the highest sensitivity in simulating streamflow for the Jundiaí River Basin. Based on the statistical indicators R2, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NS), and Percent Bias (PBIAS), the SWAT model demonstrated a reliable performance in replicating observed streamflows on a monthly scale, even with limited spatially distributed input data. Scenario 2, which involved converting 15% of pasture/agricultural land into forest, yielded the most favorable hydrological outcomes by increasing soil water infiltration and aquifer recharge while reducing surface runoff and sediment yield. These findings highlight the value of reforestation and land use planning as effective strategies for improving watershed hydrological performance and ensuring long-term water sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Approaches in Sustainable Water Resources Cycle Management)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 7339 KiB  
Article
Unveiling Genomic Islands Hosting Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Virulence Genes in Foodborne Multidrug-Resistant Patho-Genic Proteus vulgaris
by Hongyang Zhang, Tao Wu and Haihua Ruan
Biology 2025, 14(7), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070858 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Proteus vulgaris is an emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) foodborne pathogen that poses a significant threat to food safety and public health, particularly in aquaculture systems where antibiotic use may drive resistance development. Despite its increasing clinical importance, the genomic mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) [...] Read more.
Proteus vulgaris is an emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) foodborne pathogen that poses a significant threat to food safety and public health, particularly in aquaculture systems where antibiotic use may drive resistance development. Despite its increasing clinical importance, the genomic mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence transmission in foodborne Proteus vulgaris remain poorly understood, representing a critical knowledge gap in One Health frameworks. To investigate its AMR and virulence transmission mechanisms, we analyzed strain P3M from Penaeus vannamei intestines through genomic island (GI) prediction and comparative genomics. Our study provides the first comprehensive characterization of mobile genetic elements in aquaculture-derived Proteus vulgaris, identifying two virulence-associated GIs (GI12/GI15 containing 25/6 virulence genes) and three AMR-linked GIs (GI7/GI13/GI16 carrying 1/1/5 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)), along with a potentially mobile ARG cluster flanked by IS elements (tnpA-tnpB), suggesting horizontal gene transfer capability. These findings elucidate previously undocumented genomic mechanisms of AMR and virulence dissemination in Proteus vulgaris, establishing critical insights for developing One Health strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance and virulence in foodborne pathogens. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 22775 KiB  
Article
A Detection Line Counting Method Based on Multi-Target Detection and Tracking for Precision Rearing and High-Quality Breeding of Young Silkworm (Bombyx mori)
by Zhenghao Li, Hao Chang, Mingrui Shang, Zhanhua Song, Fuyang Tian, Fade Li, Guizheng Zhang, Tingju Sun, Yinfa Yan and Mochen Liu
Agriculture 2025, 15(14), 1524; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15141524 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
The co-rearing model for young silkworms (Bombyx mori) utilizing artificial feed is currently undergoing significant promotion within the sericulture industry in China. Within this model, accurately counting the number of young silkworms serves as a crucial foundation for achieving precision rearing [...] Read more.
The co-rearing model for young silkworms (Bombyx mori) utilizing artificial feed is currently undergoing significant promotion within the sericulture industry in China. Within this model, accurately counting the number of young silkworms serves as a crucial foundation for achieving precision rearing and high-quality breeding. Currently, manual counting remains the prevalent method for enumerating young silkworms, yet it is highly subjective. A dataset of young silkworm bodies has been constructed, and the Young Silkworm Counting (YSC) method has been proposed. This method combines an improved detector, incorporating an optimized multi-scale feature fusion module and the Efficient Multi-Scale Attention Fusion Cross Stage Partial (EMA-CSP) mechanism, with an optimized tracker (based on ByteTrack with improved detection box matching), alongside the implementation of a ‘detection line’ approach. The experimental results demonstrate that the recall, precision, and average precision (AP50:95) of the improved detection algorithm are 87.9%, 91.3% and 72.7%, respectively. Additionally, the enhanced ByteTrack method attains a multiple-object tracking accuracy (MOTA) of 88.3%, an IDF1 of 90.2%, and a higher-order tracking accuracy (HOTA) of 78.1%. Experimental validation demonstrates a counting accuracy exceeding 90%. The present study achieves precise counting of young silkworms in complex environments through an improved detection-tracking method combined with a detection line approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Farm Animal Production)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 6769 KiB  
Article
Prediction of Mud Weight Window Based on Geological Sequence Matching and a Physics-Driven Machine Learning Model for Pre-Drilling
by Yuxin Chen, Ting Sun, Jin Yang, Xianjun Chen, Laiao Ren, Zhiliang Wen, Shu Jia, Wencheng Wang, Shuqun Wang and Mingxuan Zhang
Processes 2025, 13(7), 2255; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072255 (registering DOI) - 15 Jul 2025
Abstract
Accurate pre-drilling mud weight window (MWW) prediction is crucial for drilling fluid design and wellbore stability in complex geological formations. Traditional physics-based approaches suffer from subjective parameter selection and inadequate handling of multi-mechanism over-pressured formations, while machine learning methods lack physical constraints and [...] Read more.
Accurate pre-drilling mud weight window (MWW) prediction is crucial for drilling fluid design and wellbore stability in complex geological formations. Traditional physics-based approaches suffer from subjective parameter selection and inadequate handling of multi-mechanism over-pressured formations, while machine learning methods lack physical constraints and interpretability. This study develops a novel physics-guided deep learning framework integrating rock mechanics theory with deep neural networks for enhanced MWW prediction. The framework incorporates three key components: first, a physics-driven layer synthesizing intermediate variables from rock physics calculations to embed domain knowledge while preserving interpretability; second, a geological sequence-matching algorithm enabling precise stratigraphic correlation between offset and target wells, compensating for lateral geological heterogeneity; third, a long short-term memory network capturing sequential drilling characteristics and geological structure continuity. Case study results from 12 wells in northwestern China demonstrate significant improvements over traditional methods: collapse pressure prediction error reduced by 40.96%, pore pressure error decreased by 30.43%, and fracture pressure error diminished by 39.02%. The proposed method successfully captures meter-scale pressure variations undetectable by conventional approaches, providing critical technical support for wellbore design optimization, drilling fluid formulation, and operational safety enhancement in challenging geological environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Intelligent Models in the Petroleum Industry)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

More Articles...

Open Access Journals

► Browse by Indexing ► Browse by Subject ► Selected Journals
Explore All Journals...

Highly Accessed Articles

Latest Books

More Books and Reprints...

News

4 July 2025
MDPI Canada | MDPI Washington Editors Salon 2025—A Gathering of Academic Excellence
4 July 2025
MDPI’s Newly Launched Journals in June 2025
2 July 2025
MDPI INSIGHTS: The CEO's Letter #24 - 2024 Impact Factor & CiteScore, MDPI Summits France & USA, Tu Youyou Award
More News & Announcements...

Blog Posts

More From Our Blog...

Topics

More Topics...
loading...

Selected Special Issues

Selected Collections

Back to TopTop