Journal Description
Life
Life
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of scientific studies related to fundamental themes in life sciences, from basic to applied research, published monthly online by MDPI. The Astrobiology Society of Britain (ASB) and Spanish Association for Cancer Research (ASEICA) are affiliated with Life and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, CAPlus / SciFinder, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Biology) / CiteScore - Q1 (Paleontology)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 18 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Life.
- Companion journals for Life include: Physiologia and Hydrobiology.
Impact Factor:
3.2 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.1 (2023)
Latest Articles
Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Blood Pressure Levels in Hypertensive Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Life 2024, 14(12), 1661; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121661 (registering DOI) - 14 Dec 2024
Abstract
Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to (I) evaluate the evidence on the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in hypertensive patients; (II) determine whether HIIT impacts SBP and DBP differently; and
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Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to (I) evaluate the evidence on the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in hypertensive patients; (II) determine whether HIIT impacts SBP and DBP differently; and (III) assess the clinical relevance of these effects. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, resulting in the inclusion of seven randomized clinical trials in the meta-analysis. The outcomes were analyzed using random-effects models to compute mean differences (MD) and standardized mean differences (SMD) for SBP and DBP. Results: A small reduction in SBP was observed with HIIT interventions (MD −3.00; 95% CI −4.61 to −1.39; p < 0.0001; SMD −0.28; 95% CI −0.42 to −0.13; p = 0.0003). However, no statistically significant reductions were detected for DBP (MD −0.70; 95% CI −1.80 to 0.39; p = 0.21; SMD −0.07; 95% CI −0.22 to 0.08; p = 0.35). Despite demonstrating statistical significance for SBP, the effects did not reach clinical relevance. Conclusions: HIIT interventions yield small reductions in SBP, with minimal impact on DBP. These findings suggest limited clinical relevance in the management of hypertension. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to standardize HIIT protocols, with specific emphasis on intensity control and manipulation, to better understand their potential role in hypertensive populations.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper in Physiology and Pathology: 2nd Edition)
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Open AccessArticle
Effects of Marigold Extract and Carophyll Red on Growth, Body Color Development, Antioxidant Properties, and Innate Immunity in the Ornamental Fish Golden Severum (Heros efasciatus)
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Jung-Jin Park, Jun-Sung Bae, Chae-Won Lee, Chan-Young Yang, Eun-Ha Jeong, Kwan-Ha Park, Jung-Soo Seo, Mun-Gyeong Kwon and Ji-Hoon Lee
Life 2024, 14(12), 1660; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121660 - 13 Dec 2024
Abstract
The body color state is an important determinant of the value of golden severum (Heros efasciatus)—a popular ornamental fish. The use of dietary supplements to improve the color development and health of this species is unexplored. Herein, the effects of marigold
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The body color state is an important determinant of the value of golden severum (Heros efasciatus)—a popular ornamental fish. The use of dietary supplements to improve the color development and health of this species is unexplored. Herein, the effects of marigold extract (MG) and carophyll red (CR) are examined on the growth, body color development, antioxidant properties, and innate immunity in golden severum. Fish were maintained under controlled water quality conditions (pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen) and fed six experimental diets containing either 0% MG and CR, 1% MG, 2% MG, 5% MG, 0.5% CR, or 2% CR for five weeks. Both MG and CR significantly decreased lipid peroxide levels in hepatic tissues. In contrast, only MG enhanced the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase). Although MG and CR decreased the respiratory burst activity of splenic leukocytes, other innate immune parameters remained unchanged. Additionally, MG and CR stimulated body color development patterns in golden severum that reflect their unique coloring principles. The ROS-scavenging abilities of MG and CR appear to be related to their antioxidant activity. Hence, MG and CR at the optimal levels of 1.0% and 0.5%, respectively, can improve the body color of golden severum and protect against oxidative stress.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Animal Science: 3rd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
The Expression Profile of Genes Related to Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Pepper Under Abiotic Stress Reveals a Positive Correlation with Plant Tolerance
by
Tingli Wang, Qiaoyun He, Chenyuan Wang, Zhimin Li, Shitao Sun, Xiai Yang, Xiushi Yang, Yanchun Deng and Chunsheng Hou
Life 2024, 14(12), 1659; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121659 - 13 Dec 2024
Abstract
In light of the increasingly adverse environmental conditions and the concomitant challenges to the survival of important crops, there is a pressing need to enhance the resilience of pepper seedlings to extreme weather. Carotenoid plays an important role in plants’ resistance to abiotic
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In light of the increasingly adverse environmental conditions and the concomitant challenges to the survival of important crops, there is a pressing need to enhance the resilience of pepper seedlings to extreme weather. Carotenoid plays an important role in plants’ resistance to abiotic stress. Nevertheless, the relationship between carotenoid biosynthesis and sweet pepper seedlings’ resistance to different abiotic stresses remains uncertain. In this study, the carotenoid content in abiotic-stressed sweet pepper seedling roots was determined, revealing that carotenoid content was extremely significantly elevated by more than 16-fold under salt stress, followed by drought stress (8-fold), and slightly elevated by only about 1-fold under waterlogging stress. After that, serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) was found to be the suitable reference gene (RG) in sweet pepper seedling roots under different abiotic stresses by using RT-qPCR and RefFinder analysis. Subsequently, using PP2A as the RG, RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression level of most genes associated with carotenoid biosynthesis was extremely significantly up-regulated in sweet pepper seedlings under salt and drought stress. Specifically, violoxanthin deepoxidase (VDE) was significantly up-regulated by more than 481- and 36-fold under salt and drought stress, respectively; lycopene epsilon cyclase (LCYE) was significantly up-regulated by more than 840- and 23-fold under salt and drought stress, respectively. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway serving as a major source of retrograde signals in pepper subjected to different abiotic stresses.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Responses of Plants Under Abiotic Stresses)
Open AccessArticle
Histological Findings in Infective Endocarditis—A Retrospective Cohort Study Conducted at “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital in Bucharest
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Corina-Ioana Anton, Ion Ștefan, Sorin Duțulescu, Florica Stăniceanu, Cosmin Alexandru Buzilă, Alexia-Teodora Ștefan and Adrian Streinu-Cercel
Life 2024, 14(12), 1658; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121658 - 13 Dec 2024
Abstract
Background: Histological findings of infective endocarditis (IEs) in mechanical valves present a complex diagnostic challenge owing to the lack of a precise definition. This ambiguity is further complicated by the natural degenerative processes that occur in the mechanical valves over time. Consequently, pathologists
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Background: Histological findings of infective endocarditis (IEs) in mechanical valves present a complex diagnostic challenge owing to the lack of a precise definition. This ambiguity is further complicated by the natural degenerative processes that occur in the mechanical valves over time. Consequently, pathologists and clinicians face significant difficulties in distinguishing between genuine infective processes and the normal wear and tear of mechanical valves. Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2017 and January 2024 and examined tissue samples from 93 patients who underwent a surgical removal of mechanical heart valves, with 41 cases suspected of infective endocarditis and 52 cases of non-IE. The researchers aimed to establish more precise histological criteria for distinguishing between these two conditions, focusing on two key features: vegetations and inflammatory patterns. Results: IE in patients with prosthetic heart valves presents distinct histological features that aid in the diagnosis and differentiation of non-infective complications. Hallmark characteristics include vegetation and inflammatory infiltrates with neutrophils. Valve tissue specimens from patients whose mechanical valves were removed because of non-infectious complications showed a different histological profile. Inflammatory infiltrates were observed in approximately 26% of these cases; however, they were primarily composed of macrophages and lymphocytes rather than neutrophils. Conclusions: By emphasizing neutrophil-rich inflammation as a key indicator, clinicians and pathologists could more effectively distinguish between true infective endocarditis and non-IE that can occur in the mechanical valves. This distinction is crucial for appropriate patient management as the treatment strategies for infective and non-infective valve conditions differ significantly.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physiology and Pathology)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Noninvasive Electrical Modalities to Alleviate Respiratory Deficits Following Spinal Cord Injury
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Niraj Singh Tharu, Aastha Suthar, Yury Gerasimenko, Camilo Castillo, Alex Ng and Alexander Ovechkin
Life 2024, 14(12), 1657; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121657 - 13 Dec 2024
Abstract
(1) Background: Respiratory dysfunction is a debilitating consequence of cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI), resulting from the loss of cortico-spinal drive to respiratory motor networks. This impairment affects both central and peripheral nervous systems, disrupting motor control and muscle innervation, which
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(1) Background: Respiratory dysfunction is a debilitating consequence of cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI), resulting from the loss of cortico-spinal drive to respiratory motor networks. This impairment affects both central and peripheral nervous systems, disrupting motor control and muscle innervation, which is essential for effective breathing. These deficits significantly impact the health and quality of life of individuals with SCI. Noninvasive stimulation techniques targeting these networks have emerged as a promising strategy to restore respiratory function. This study systematically reviewed the evidence on noninvasive electrical stimulation modalities targeting respiratory motor networks, complemented by previously unpublished data from our research. (2) Methods: A systematic search of five databases (PubMed, Ovid, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Science) identified studies published through 31 August 2024. A total of 19 studies involving 194 participants with SCI were included. Unpublished data from our research were also analyzed to provide supplementary insights. (3) Results: Among the stimulation modalities reviewed, spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation (scTS) emerged as a particularly promising therapeutic approach for respiratory rehabilitation in individuals with SCI. An exploratory clinical trial conducted by the authors confirmed the effectiveness of scTS in enhancing respiratory motor performance using a bipolar, 5 kHz-modulated, and 1 ms pulse width modality. However, the heterogeneity in SCI populations and stimulation protocols across studies underscores the need for further standardization and individualized optimization to enhance clinical outcomes. (4) Conclusions: Developing standardized and individualized neuromodulatory protocols, addressing both central and peripheral nervous system impairments, is critical to optimizing respiratory recovery and advancing clinical implementation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spinal Neuromodulation: From Basic and Translational Research to Clinical Practice)
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Open AccessArticle
Clinicopathological Studies on the Impact of Grape Seed Extract and L-Carnitine as Cardioprotective Agents Against Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in Rats
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Tahany Saleh Aldayel, Omnia E. Kilany, Heba Nageh Gad El-Hak, Heba M. A. Abdelrazek, Osama Abdallah and Donia E. Omar
Life 2024, 14(12), 1656; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121656 - 13 Dec 2024
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) cancer therapy induces serious cardiotoxicity as a side effect. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of grape seed extract (GSE) and L-Carnitine (L-CA) against DOX-induced cardiac toxicity in male rats. Six groups of male albino rats were used: G1
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Doxorubicin (DOX) cancer therapy induces serious cardiotoxicity as a side effect. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of grape seed extract (GSE) and L-Carnitine (L-CA) against DOX-induced cardiac toxicity in male rats. Six groups of male albino rats were used: G1 (control); G2 (GSE), given grape seed extract (100 mg/kg b.wt.) orally for 35 days; G3 (L-CA) (150 mg/kg b.wt.); Group 4 (DOX-induced cardiotoxicity), given DOX (10 mg/kg b.wt., i.p.) on the 28th day of the experiment; G5 (GSE + DOX), given GSE and DOX as previously mentioned; and G6 (L-CA + DOX), given L-CA and DOX as previously mentioned. Electrocardiographic evaluation, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants, serum cardiac markers, and inflammatory markers were estimated. Histopathological evaluation of cardiac tissue was also examined. Key findings showed that DOX induced ECG abnormalities lipid peroxidation, reduced antioxidants, and elevated cardiac and inflammatory markers. GSE and L-CA significantly ameliorated ECG abnormalities, reduced lipid peroxidation, improved antioxidant enzymes and serum cardiac markers, and reduced inflammation. These findings suggest that GSE and L-CA exhibit substantial cardioprotective effects in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity via their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Heart Failure Research)
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Open AccessArticle
Histological Findings of Resected Tracheal Ring in SARS-CoV-2-Positive and -Negative Tracheostomized Patients
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Nieves Mata-Castro, Raúl Castañeda-Vozmediano, Cristian Perna, Carlos Prada Puentes and Lorena Sanz López
Life 2024, 14(12), 1655; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121655 - 12 Dec 2024
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the histopathological findings in the resected tracheal ring of tracheotomized critically ill patients with or without severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Material and Methods: This is a prospective case–control study. The data collection period was between
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the histopathological findings in the resected tracheal ring of tracheotomized critically ill patients with or without severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Material and Methods: This is a prospective case–control study. The data collection period was between May 2020 and 2022. Eighty tracheostomies were performed on patients with long intubation, and the resected tracheal ring was examined by standard microscopy. Forty consecutive tracheotomies were carried out in COVID-19-positive and -negative patients. Results: The mean age was 67.1 (6.9 SD) years in the COVID-19 group and 67.8 (9.6 SD) in the control group (p = 0.3). The number of men in each group was 30 (75.0%) versus 27 (67.5%), respectively (p = 0.5). No relevant histological alterations were found in 82.5% of samples. Chronic subepithelial inflammation was found in 13.8% of cases. Two cases presented with vasculitis (2.5%), and one case presented with thrombotic microangiopathy (1.2%), all of them in the COVID-19 group. We found no statistically significant dependence between relevant histologic findings versus no alterations (X2 = 0.779, p= 0.377) and no significant risk indices (RR = 1.8, OR = 2.032, PAR = 44%). Conclusion: There is no evidence of increased risk of histopathological findings in the resected tracheal ring of patients with long intubation and COVID-19 disease.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Investigations: Characteristics, Clinical Course, Prevention, Treatment and Prognosis)
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Open AccessArticle
Quaternary Ammonium Silica Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Implantable Medical Devices: An In Vitro Study
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Eitam Weiss, Ariel Berl, Ofir Shir-az, Biader Samih Bilal, Ervin I. Weiss, Yossi Paitan, Natan Zaltsman, Alexander Golberg and Avshalom Shalom
Life 2024, 14(12), 1654; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121654 - 12 Dec 2024
Abstract
Biofilm formation on prostheses and implanted devices can lead to serious complications and increased healthcare expenditures. Once formed, biofilm management is difficult and may involve a long course of antibiotics, additional surgery, and, occasionally, implant removal. This study evaluated the antibacterial properties of
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Biofilm formation on prostheses and implanted devices can lead to serious complications and increased healthcare expenditures. Once formed, biofilm management is difficult and may involve a long course of antibiotics, additional surgery, and, occasionally, implant removal. This study evaluated the antibacterial properties of medical-grade silicone samples integrated with novel, non-leaching, antibacterial, quaternary ammonium silica (QASi) particles. Our collaborators (Nobio, Israel) prepared silicone sheets integrated with antibacterial QASi nanoparticles. Samples containing 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%, QASi particles were evaluated for antibacterial properties against S. epidermidis, S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), E. faecalis, and P. aeruginosa using the direct contact test. The tested silicone samples integrated with QASi particles showed no bacterial growth, while growth was observed in control silicone samples without QASi. In addition, the agar diffusion test, used to evaluate the leaching of antibacterial components, exhibited no inhibition zone around the samples indicating that the QASi particles do not leach into surrounding milieu. The QASi nanoparticles exhibited very potent antibacterial surface properties, killing all viable bacteria placed on their surface. Incorporating QASi nanoparticle technology into medical products during production has the potential to create an antimicrobial surface that prevents microbial colonization and biofilm formation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Resistance in Biofilm: 2nd Edition)
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Open AccessArticle
The Activation of the NF-κB Pathway in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Alters the Deposition of Epigenetic Marks on H3K27 and Is Modulated by Fish Oil
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Jussara de Jesus Simao, Andressa França de Sousa Bispo, Victor Tadeu Gonçalves Plata, Ana Beatriz Marques Abel, Raphael Justa Saran, Júlia Fernandes Barcella, João Carlos Cardoso Alonso, André Valente Santana, Lucia Maria Armelin-Correa and Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso-Vale
Life 2024, 14(12), 1653; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121653 - 12 Dec 2024
Abstract
Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity is linked to white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction. Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), triggering NF-κB and worsening these disturbances. Previously, we showed that histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) epigenetic modifications affect WAT gene expression
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Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity is linked to white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction. Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), triggering NF-κB and worsening these disturbances. Previously, we showed that histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) epigenetic modifications affect WAT gene expression in high-fat-diet mice, identifying key pathways in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). This study explores whether NF-κB influences H3K27 modifiers in human ASCs and evaluates fish oil (FO) as a modulator. Methods: Human visceral WAT ASCs were stimulated with LPS and treated with FO enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Flow cytometry, PCR array, RT-PCR, and Western blot assays were used. Results: LPS increased NF-κB activity, elevating KDM6B demethylase levels and H3K27 acetylation. These epigenetic modifications in LPS-stimulated ASCs were associated with persistent changes in the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, metabolic regulation, and inflammation, even after LPS removal and cell differentiation. FO mitigated these effects, reducing H3K27 acetylation and promoting methylation. Conclusions: FO demonstrates potential in modulating inflammation-induced epigenetic changes and preserving adipocyte function.
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(This article belongs to the Section Physiology and Pathology)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Surgical Management of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Efficacy, Outcomes, and Alternatives—A Systematic Review
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Gianna Dipalma, Angelo Michele Inchingolo, Irene Palumbo, Mariafrancesca Guglielmo, Lilla Riccaldo, Roberta Morolla, Francesco Inchingolo, Andrea Palermo, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos and Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
Life 2024, 14(12), 1652; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121652 - 12 Dec 2024
Abstract
Aim: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder. OSA affects approximately 2 million Italians, although only 3% receive a diagnosis and correct treatment. This review aims to provide an overview to guide clinical decision making, ensuring that patients receive
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Aim: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder. OSA affects approximately 2 million Italians, although only 3% receive a diagnosis and correct treatment. This review aims to provide an overview to guide clinical decision making, ensuring that patients receive the most appropriate treatment for their specific condition. Material and Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered at PROSPERO under the ID CRD42024593760. A search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed to find papers that matched the topic, using the following Boolean keywords: (“obstructive sleep apnea” OR “OSA” OR “sleep apnea, obstructive”) AND (“surgery” OR “surgical” OR “surgical techniques” OR “surgical treatment” OR “operative” OR “surgical procedures”) AND (“treatment” OR “therapy” OR “management”). Result: The electronic database search found 20337 publications. After the screening and eligibility phase, 15 papers were chosen for the qualitative analysis. Conclusions: Adenotonsillectomy (AT) significantly improves secondary outcomes like behavioral issues and quality of life, compared to watchful waiting with supportive care (WWSC). Alternative approaches such as tonsillotomy and adenopharyngoplasty (APP) offer promising results, with less postoperative discomfort and lower complication rates. However, further large-scale studies are needed to refine surgical techniques, assess long-term outcomes, and optimize individualized treatment strategies for OSA.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Medical Research: 3rd Edition)
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Open AccessArticle
Active Video Games Using Virtual Reality Influence Cognitive Performance in Sedentary Female University Students: A Randomized Clinical Trial
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Mshari Alghadier, Taif Alharbi, Nada Almasoud and Abdulaziz A. Alshalawi
Life 2024, 14(12), 1651; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121651 - 12 Dec 2024
Abstract
Background: Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology that is proving to be effective in encouraging physical activity (PA) and improving health. Although regular PA has many advantages, physical inactivity continues to be a significant global health concern. Using an ActivPAL for PA
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Background: Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology that is proving to be effective in encouraging physical activity (PA) and improving health. Although regular PA has many advantages, physical inactivity continues to be a significant global health concern. Using an ActivPAL for PA assessment, this study examines the effects of an active video game (AVG) using VR on cognitive function among female university students. Methods: We randomly divided 44 sedentary female university students (mean age 21.3 years, SD 1.12 years) into two groups, the control group and VR group. During the study period, the VR group was required to play the Beat Saber VR game for 20 min, while the control group was required to remain quiet. Their cognitive performance was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)—Arabic version pre- and post-test, and the PA level and intensity were tracked using the ActivPAL. Results: There was a significant difference between the MoCA total score pre-test (mean = 22.3, SD = 2.25) and the MoCA total score post-test (mean = 23.4, SD = 2.48), t (23) = 1.87, p = 0.03. The VR game significantly influenced the naming, abstraction, and orientation components of the MoCA scale (all p ≤ 0.05). The intensity of PA generated by the VR game was equivalent to moderate-to-vigorous PA, with a mean of 4.98 metabolic equivalents of task (MET) (SD = 1.20). Conclusions: The VR game improved the cognitive ability compared to the control group, suggesting that VR games have a positive impact on cognitive function. Physically inactive female university students have been found to benefit from VR games in terms of their cognitive function.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Perspectives in Physical Therapy and Health)
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Open AccessBrief Report
Clinical Outcomes and Characteristics of COVID-19 in Neonates: A Single-Center Study in Romania
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Maria Elena Cocuz, Iuliu-Gabriel Cocuz, Ligia Rodina, Ruxandra Filip and Florin Filip
Life 2024, 14(12), 1650; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121650 - 12 Dec 2024
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection is generally associated with less severe forms of disease in children, where most cases only require symptomatic treatment. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the impact and clinical course of COVID-19 in neonate patients. This study aimed to
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Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection is generally associated with less severe forms of disease in children, where most cases only require symptomatic treatment. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the impact and clinical course of COVID-19 in neonate patients. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and clinical aspects of COVID-19 in this particular age group who were patients treated in our department. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective observational study that includes neonates (aged less than 1 month) who were diagnosed with COVID-19. The patients were admitted between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2023, to the Infectious Diseases Pediatric Department of the Hospital Clinic of Pneumophthisiology and Infectious Diseases in Brașov, Romania. All the patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection at admission, using either a real-time PCR (RT-PCR) or rapid antigen testing, according to the national COVID-19 protocol in use at the time. We collected the following data: demographic data, clinical picture and laboratory values at presentation, clinical course, complications, and other significant data. All the data were extracted from existing hospital administrative databases or electronic medical records. Results: Nine neonates were hospitalized with COVID-19, of which five were boys, and four were girls; the mean age was 18.89 days (ranging between 6 and 28 days). The clinical picture at admission mainly consisted of fever (eight cases) and nasal obstruction and cough (five cases each). Only one patient required oxygen support. Co-infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae (one case), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, one case), and rotavirus (one case) were identified. Complications were represented by acute bronchiolitis in three patients. Biologically, lymphopenia was found in three cases, monocytosis in five cases, and increased ferritin values in five cases. The clinical outcome was favorable in all the cases. The patients were discharged in improved condition after an average stay of 5.11 days (ranging between 3 and 10 days). Conclusions: Our data support the observation that infection with SARS-CoV-2 in neonates is a relatively benign condition with a good prognosis. Our study has several limitations and establishes a foundation for future studies on a larger sample of term and premature neonates with different comorbidities.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Investigations: Characteristics, Clinical Course, Prevention, Treatment and Prognosis)
Open AccessArticle
Generation and Assessment of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Hybrids for High-Efficiency Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation
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Muhammad Waqar Khan, Aaqib Shaheen, Xuebin Zhang, Zhang Junli, Yaser Hassan Dewir and Katalin Magyar-Tábori
Life 2024, 14(12), 1649; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121649 - 12 Dec 2024
Abstract
The Agrobacterium-mediated technique is widely employed for soybean transformation, but the efficiency of this method is still relatively modest, in which multiple factors are involved. Numerous chemical and physiological cues from host plants are needed for A. tumefaciens attraction and subsequent T-DNA
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The Agrobacterium-mediated technique is widely employed for soybean transformation, but the efficiency of this method is still relatively modest, in which multiple factors are involved. Numerous chemical and physiological cues from host plants are needed for A. tumefaciens attraction and subsequent T-DNA integration into the plant genome. Susceptible genotypes may permit this attachment and integration, and the agronomically superior genotypes with susceptibility to A. tumefaciens would play an important role in increasing transformation efficiency. In this study, we aimed to elevate the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency of soybean by integrating susceptibility alleles from William82 and flavonoids accumulating alleles from LX genotypes in the same soybean line. The crossing was made between LX () and William82 () soybean by hand pollination. Expectedly, the resulting hybrid soybean progenies inherited susceptibility traits and high flavonoid contents (i.e., genistein, genistin, apigenin, naringenin, quercetin, and cinnamic acid) essential for potential plant–pathogen interaction. Furthermore, the progenies and susceptible William82 soybean were subjected to transformation using A. tumefaciens (GV3101) harboring the GmUbi-3XFlag-35S-GFP and reassembled GmUbi3XFlag-35S-GFP: GUS vectors during separate events. Important transformation-related traits like shoot induction and shoot regeneration ability were also significantly improved in progenies. The progenies designated as ZX-3 exhibited superiority over the William82 parental line in all three traits, i.e., shoot induction, regeneration, and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transient transformation efficiency of the ZX-16 line was remarkably higher when half-cotyledon explants were wounded and transformed with A. tumefaciens harboring GUS assembly vector and then co-cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L spermidine, 0.3 g/L GA3, 0.3 mg/L kinetin, and 1.3 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine. In addition, the shoot elongation was also higher than that of William82 after two weeks of culture on the shoot induction medium. The newly generated soybeans have the potential to serve as a valuable source for high transgene production and represent a promising avenue for future soybean varietal development.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crop Genetics and Breeding)
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Open AccessCase Report
Surgical Treatment and Targeted Therapy for a Large Metastatic Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review
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Patryk Skórka, Dawid Kordykiewicz, Andrzej Ilków, Konrad Ptaszyński, Janusz Wójcik, Wiktoria Skórka and Małgorzata Edyta Wojtyś
Life 2024, 14(12), 1648; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121648 - 12 Dec 2024
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) significantly increases the risk of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), a rare and aggressive malignancy for which treatment is clinically challenging. This paper presents the case of a 24-year-old male with an NF1 who developed MPNST with lung
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Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) significantly increases the risk of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), a rare and aggressive malignancy for which treatment is clinically challenging. This paper presents the case of a 24-year-old male with an NF1 who developed MPNST with lung metastases. Due to the limited effectiveness of systemic therapy in the treatment of MPNST, the patient underwent radical surgical resection and radiotherapy. Pathological evaluation confirmed high-grade MPNST, and PET-CT imaging revealed further metastatic progression. The treatment results for our patient are compared with those of other patients with NF1 who also developed MPNST with lung metastases in the literature. The findings suggest the need for further research into personalized treatment strategies that may improve prognosis and overall survival in patients with NF1 and MPNST, with immunotherapy being a promising therapeutic option.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Thoracic Surgery and Medicine: Advancements and Challenges)
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Open AccessReview
The Evolution of Kidney Graft Preservation Through the Years
by
Andres Calva Lopez, Jose Enrique Robles Garcia, Carlos Andres Yanez Ruiz, Mario Daniel Tapia Tapia, Vanessa Talavera Cobo, Carmina Alejandra Muñoz Bastidas, Daniel Sanchez Zalabardo and Bernardino Miñana Lopez
Life 2024, 14(12), 1647; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121647 - 11 Dec 2024
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent disease affecting almost 10% of the world’s population, with many cases progressing to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Kidney transplantation (KT) is the gold-standard treatment for ESKD. Due to growing KT waitlists, the deceased kidney donor (DKDs)
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent disease affecting almost 10% of the world’s population, with many cases progressing to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Kidney transplantation (KT) is the gold-standard treatment for ESKD. Due to growing KT waitlists, the deceased kidney donor (DKDs) criteria have expanded to increase the number of available kidney grafts. Kidney graft preservation ensures optimal graft function after KT. Static cold storage (SCS) as a preservation method is still widely used. Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) has proven to decrease delayed graft function (DGF) and increase graft survival. Most recent studies advocate for the use of HMP regardless of donor type. However, emerging technologies, such as hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) and normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), have shown promising results in specific scenarios. This review aims to provide a summary of the well-established kidney graft preservation methods and their outcomes, as well as novel technological advances that allow for newer preservation strategies.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Kidney Transplantation: What’s Hot and What’s New)
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Open AccessArticle
Effect of Hot Water Bottle and Cloth Blanket on Rectal Temperature During Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Head in Cats Under General Anesthesia
by
Ruxandra Pavel, Cristina Fernoagă, Alexandru Gabriel Neagu and Ruxandra Costea
Life 2024, 14(12), 1646; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121646 - 11 Dec 2024
Abstract
Maintaining an animal’s body temperature during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) poses great challenges, as many temperature measuring devices and warming systems are incompatible with the MRI machine. The aim of this study was to examine body temperature changes and evaluate the impact of
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Maintaining an animal’s body temperature during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) poses great challenges, as many temperature measuring devices and warming systems are incompatible with the MRI machine. The aim of this study was to examine body temperature changes and evaluate the impact of using a hot water bottle and a cloth blanket on rectal temperature during magnetic resonance imaging in cats. We included in this study 30 cats from different breeds that underwent magnetic resonance imaging for 60 min that were randomly divided into a passively insulated group (G1) covered with a blanket (n = 15) and a positively heated group (G2) using a silicone hot water bottle under the abdomen and the same cloth blanket over the cat (n = 15). The body temperature was measured before premedication, before induction of anesthesia, and after the MRI examination. Body temperature decreased slightly but significantly (p < 0.05) after premedication. At the end of the MRI, body temperature had decreased more in G1 than G2 (p = 0.033) to 37.0 (36.5–37.5) °C and 38 (37.9–38.2) °C, respectively. This study provides clinical evidence that cats needing magnetic resonance imaging of the head can be protected from hypothermia by using a hot water bottle placed underneath their abdomen and a cloth blanket covering their full body.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Pathology and Veterinary Anatomy: 2nd Edition)
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Pharmacological Advancements of PRC2 in Cancer Therapy: A Narrative Review
by
Michael S. Wang, Jonathan Sussman, Jessica A. Xu, Reema Patel, Omar Elghawy and Prashanth Rawla
Life 2024, 14(12), 1645; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121645 - 11 Dec 2024
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is known to regulate gene expression and chromatin structure as it methylates H3K27, resulting in gene silencing. Studies have shown that PRC2 has dual functions in oncogenesis that allow it to function as both an oncogene and a
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Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is known to regulate gene expression and chromatin structure as it methylates H3K27, resulting in gene silencing. Studies have shown that PRC2 has dual functions in oncogenesis that allow it to function as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor. Because of this, nuanced strategies are necessary to promote or inhibit PRC2 activity therapeutically. Given the therapeutic vulnerabilities and associated risks in oncological applications, a structured literature review on PRC2 was conducted to showcase similar cofactor competitor inhibitors of PRC2. Key inhibitors such as Tazemetostat, GSK126, Valemetostat, and UNC1999 have shown promise for clinical use within various studies. Tazemetostat and GSK126 are both highly selective for wild-type and lymphoma-associated EZH2 mutants. Valemetostat and UNC1999 have shown promise as orally bioavailable and SAM-competitive inhibitors of both EZH1 and EZH2, giving them greater efficacy against potential drug resistance. The development of other PRC2 inhibitors, particularly inhibitors targeting the EED or SUZ12 subunit, is also being explored with the development of drugs like EED 226. This review aims to bridge gaps in the current literature and provide a unified perspective on promising PRC2 inhibitors as therapeutic agents in the treatment of lymphomas and solid tumors.
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(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology)
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Bilateral Fuchs’ Superficial Marginal Keratitis Diagnosis and Treatment
by
Shiori Harada, Yasser Helmy Mohamed, Mao Kusano, Daisuke Inoue and Masafumi Uematsu
Life 2024, 14(12), 1644; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121644 - 11 Dec 2024
Abstract
In this study, we reported two patients with clinical pictures compatible with the diagnosis of bilateral Fuchs’ superficial marginal keratitis (FSMK) treated with surgical treatment and anti-inflammatory drugs. The cases suffered from bilateral photophopia, blurred vision, and pseudopterygium with normal intraocular pressure (IOP).
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In this study, we reported two patients with clinical pictures compatible with the diagnosis of bilateral Fuchs’ superficial marginal keratitis (FSMK) treated with surgical treatment and anti-inflammatory drugs. The cases suffered from bilateral photophopia, blurred vision, and pseudopterygium with normal intraocular pressure (IOP). Pseudopterygia extended from temporal and nasal sides and had a gray line between the corneal normal epithelium with no lipid deposits. The first case had a bilateral high mixed astigmatic error and the second had dry eye symptoms. No abnormalities, including systemic inflammatory disease, were found in the laboratory investigations. The first case had bilateral pseudopterygium excision, mitomycin C (MMC) application, and pedicled conjunctival flap transplantation. The patient was followed regularly, and her condition was stable without any recurrence or deterioration in the ocular findings. The second case had conjunctival resection + amniotic membrane transplantation + MMC application six times on the right eye and three times on the left eye during 4 years and suffered recurrences after each operation. Her visual acuity severely decreased with the elevated IOP of both eyes. The patient refused to do any further surgical intervention. Despite its rarity, FSMK should be considered when peripheral corneal infiltration, corneal thinning, and pseudopterygia are observed in both eyes.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vision Science and Optometry)
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Heart Disease and Pectus Excavatum: An Underestimated Issue—Single Center Experience and Literature Review
by
Alice Ravasin, Domenico Viggiano, Simone Tombelli, Luca Checchi, Pierluigi Stefàno, Luca Voltolini and Alessandro Gonfiotti
Life 2024, 14(12), 1643; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121643 - 11 Dec 2024
Abstract
Pectus excavatum (PE) can be associated with either congenital or acquired heart disease. This study highlights the importance of PE surgical repair in cases of severe chest depression on the heart in underlying cardiac diseases exacerbating cardiopulmonary impairment. From January 2023 to March
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Pectus excavatum (PE) can be associated with either congenital or acquired heart disease. This study highlights the importance of PE surgical repair in cases of severe chest depression on the heart in underlying cardiac diseases exacerbating cardiopulmonary impairment. From January 2023 to March 2024, four male patients underwent PE repair, having heart disease including pericarditis, mitral valve prolapse, ventricular fibrillation arrest and type 1 second-degree atrioventricular block. PE severity was determined by the Haller index (HI). Preoperative assessment included a pulmonary function test, chest computed tomography and cardiac evaluation. The Nuss procedure was performed in three patients, whereas, in one patient, it was performed in combination with a modified Ravitch procedure. The median HI was five. The median time of chest tube removal was 6.5 days. Postoperative complications were prolonged air leak, atrial fibrillation and atelectasis. The median length of hospital stay was 19.5 days, and no 30-day postoperative mortality was recorded. In all patients, surgical repair helped to resolve the underlying cardiological issues, and surgical follow-ups were deemed regular. PE is generally an isolated congenital chest wall abnormality, and, when associated with a heart disease, it can have severe life-threatening hemodynamic consequences due to mechanical compression on the heart for which surgical corrections should be considered.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Modern Thoracic Surgery)
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Population Dynamics and Nutritional Indices of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Reared on Three Crop Species
by
Kifle Gebreegziabiher Gebretsadik, Xiangyong Li, Yanqiong Yin, Xueqing Zhao, Fushou Chen, Hongmei Zhang, Yan Wang, Ying Liu, Gao Hu and Aidong Chen
Life 2024, 14(12), 1642; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121642 - 11 Dec 2024
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) is an invasive pest that has been rapidly spreading across China since its detection in Yunnan province in January 2019. Although sugarcane and sorghum have been reported as hosts, their effects on FAW’s population growth and life table parameters
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The fall armyworm (FAW) is an invasive pest that has been rapidly spreading across China since its detection in Yunnan province in January 2019. Although sugarcane and sorghum have been reported as hosts, their effects on FAW’s population growth and life table parameters have not been examined in China. Our research shows that FAW’s development and life table metrics vary significantly when reared on sorghum, sugarcane, and maize. Notably, the preadult stage, adult preoviposition period, and total preoviposition period of FAW were markedly longer on sugarcane and sorghum compared to maize. FAW reared on these two crops also exhibited reduced survival rates, pupal weight, fecundity, and lower female-to-male ratios. The study highlights that FAW had lower population growth rates, reproductive rates, and longer generation times on sugarcane and sorghum compared to maize. The consumption index and digestibility index were higher on maize, while conversion efficiency and growth rate were greater on sorghum. Although maize is the most favorable host, FAW can still survive and reproduce on sugarcane and sorghum during the nongrowing season, posing a risk to economically important crops in China. Despite being less favorable for population growth, sugarcane and sorghum still support FAW development and spread. Therefore, enhanced surveillance and early warning measures for sugarcane and sorghum are recommended to monitor FAW population dynamics and mitigate its potential impact on primary host plants.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Strategies in Insecticide Resistance and Sustainable Pest Management)
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