Journal Description
Sustainability
Sustainability
is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal on environmental, cultural, economic, and social sustainability of human beings, published semimonthly online by MDPI. The Canadian Urban Transit Research & Innovation Consortium (CUTRIC), International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) and Urban Land Institute (ULI) are affiliated with Sustainability and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE and SSCI (Web of Science), GEOBASE, GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, RePEc, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Environmental Studies) / CiteScore - Q1 (Geography, Planning and Development)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 18.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Sustainability.
- Companion journals for Sustainability include: World, Sustainable Chemistry, Conservation, Future Transportation, Architecture, Standards, Merits and Wind.
Impact Factor:
3.9 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
4.0 (2022)
Latest Articles
Seismic–Energy Retrofit as Information-Value: Axiological Programming for the Ecological Transition
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2435; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062435 (registering DOI) - 15 Mar 2024
Abstract
The research deals with the issue of the seismic and energy retrofit of historic building fabrics having as reference a historic district of Syracuse (Italy). The prospect of the ecological transition on the one hand and the public support funding on the other
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The research deals with the issue of the seismic and energy retrofit of historic building fabrics having as reference a historic district of Syracuse (Italy). The prospect of the ecological transition on the one hand and the public support funding on the other claim for a valuation programming approach implying the creation of multiple scenarios, each of which is inspired by a different and complementary degree of “saliency and urgency”. These two dimensions of “being worth” by a building aggregation having an its own shape and belonging to a larger and more complex urban system need to be addressed according to some axiological reference, in this case, the concerns of the efficiency and fairness of public spending. This experience concerns the creation of a value-based programming pattern of the seismic–energy retrofit process framed in a Building Information Modelling (BIM) environment aimed at identifying the best intervention strategy among the several ones that can be generated in the logic of the parametric design. Both seismic and energy retrofit expected performances, in fact, can be scaled, complementing the extension and intensity of the interventions. This experiment takes advantage of the BIM multidimensional logic in line with the multiple scales and purposes implied by the relationships between individual/communal axiological profiles and present/future prospects. The experiment consists of the creation of an additive cost-oriented design platform based on which the different and progressive combinations of intensity and extension of the interventions can be compared and selected.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combined Energy and Seismic Renovation of the Building Stock: Technologies, Constraints, and Performances)
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Open AccessArticle
The Changing Ecology of a High Himalayan Valley: Challenges to the Sustainable Development of the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, Eastern Nepal
by
Alton C. Byers, Milan Shrestha, Andrew Zackary, Elizabeth A. Byers, Broughton Coburn, Teiji Watanabe and Mohan B. Chand
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2434; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062434 (registering DOI) - 15 Mar 2024
Abstract
The Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA) is a high mountain protected area (MPA) in eastern Nepal undergoing socioeconomic and environmental changes that are unprecedented in the region’s history. In the following paper, we discuss recent changes involving new road construction, climate change, adventure tourism,
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The Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA) is a high mountain protected area (MPA) in eastern Nepal undergoing socioeconomic and environmental changes that are unprecedented in the region’s history. In the following paper, we discuss recent changes involving new road construction, climate change, adventure tourism, and the wildlife/forest cover/medicinal plant sectors. Our assessments are based on the collective results of past and recent field research, remote sensing analysis, oral histories, and literature reviews. While similar changes are occurring in MPAs throughout Nepal, it is suggested that the KCA differs from other regions in that it still retains the option of conducting detailed feasibility, environmental, and impact assessments prior to the implementation of major change-associated projects, particularly the construction of roads. In turn, the KCA might avoid many of the environmental, social, and economic problems experienced elsewhere in Nepal, while enhancing its status, income-generating capacities, and sustainability as a global destination for adventure, nature, and cultural tourism.
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(This article belongs to the Section Sustainability in Geographic Science)
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A Study on the Impact of Green Finance on the High-Quality Economic Development of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
by
Lixia Liu and Xiaofang Li
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2433; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062433 (registering DOI) - 15 Mar 2024
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China’s economy has shifted to a new stage of high-quality development, which means that economic development is no longer simply pursuing the increase of quantity, but a balance of quality and quantity. High-quality economic development (HQED) has become essential for China to achieve
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China’s economy has shifted to a new stage of high-quality development, which means that economic development is no longer simply pursuing the increase of quantity, but a balance of quality and quantity. High-quality economic development (HQED) has become essential for China to achieve sustainable economic and social advancement. This paper explores the influence of green finance on HQED, along with the mediating roles of green innovation and industrial structure upgrading. A fixed-effects model is employed to assess the relationship between green finance and HQED and conduct an empirical test in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region of China. The findings reveal that green finance significantly contributes to the HQED of the BTH region, and green innovation and industrial structure upgrading have intermediary effects in this process. Based on these insights, this paper proposes several strategies to improve HQED in China, including the development of a green financial system, the promotion of green innovation, and the acceleration of industrial structure optimization and upgrading in the BTH region.
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Open AccessArticle
Distributed Real-Time Feedback Optimization for Renewable Energy Sources and Vehicle-to-Grid Power Compensation of Electric Vehicle Chargers in Distribution Systems
by
Y. Cheng and T. W. Ching
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2432; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062432 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
Abstract
A novel distributed feedback optimization-based controller for electric vehicle (EV) chargers and renewable energy sources (RESs) in distribution systems is proposed. The proposed controller utilizes the flexibility in EV chargers’ active and reactive power consumption to offer the desirable vehicle-to-grid services. Instead of
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A novel distributed feedback optimization-based controller for electric vehicle (EV) chargers and renewable energy sources (RESs) in distribution systems is proposed. The proposed controller utilizes the flexibility in EV chargers’ active and reactive power consumption to offer the desirable vehicle-to-grid services. Instead of using the conventional cascaded PI controllers, a new optimization-based approach is proposed to control RESs to track their power injection setpoints. The proposed controller formulates the control targets as a single constrained optimization problem, i.e., to minimize the critical bus voltage magnitude deviations while driving RESs to follow their power setpoints, thereby fulfilling the EV charging requirements and regulating their power outputs and bus voltage magnitudes to stay within their limits. A distributed feedback optimization-based control algorithm is designed for EV chargers and RESs to steer the system trajectories of the distribution systems towards the optimal solution of the formulated optimization problem. Simulation results show that the proposed controller can always steer the test system to the optimal solution of the optimization problem. The advantages of the real-time vehicle-to-grid power compensation of EV chargers are also demonstrated.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Technology Development on Electric Vehicles for Sustainable Transportation)
Open AccessArticle
Grapevine and Horseradish Leaves as Natural, Sustainable Additives for Improvement of the Microbial, Sensory, and Antioxidant Properties of Traditionally Fermented Low-Salt Cucumbers
by
Justyna Staninska-Pięta, Paweł Cyplik, Agnieszka Drożdżyńska and Agnieszka Piotrowska-Cyplik
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2431; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062431 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
Abstract
The agro-food industry produces large amounts of secondary by-products, which can act as a source of bio-active ingredients. These ingredients can be used as valuable additives to support the sustainable circular economy concept. This study aimed to analyze the potential application of horseradish
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The agro-food industry produces large amounts of secondary by-products, which can act as a source of bio-active ingredients. These ingredients can be used as valuable additives to support the sustainable circular economy concept. This study aimed to analyze the potential application of horseradish and grapevine leaves in the fermentation process of low-salt pickled cucumbers to improve their sensory and functional properties. The pour plate technique, RT-qPCR, HPLC, and a nine-point hedonic scale test with penalty analysis were used to analyze the traditionally fermented product. The research showed that the addition of both horseradish and grapevine leaves did not negatively affect the kinetics of fermentation and had a positive effect on the overall desirability. Moreover, they contributed to an increase in the concentration of antioxidant compounds, namely gallic acid (grape leaves) and ellagic acid (grapevine and horseradish leaves). Bacterial metabiome analysis showed the positive effect of all analyzed additives on an increase in the relative expression of genes responsible for the synthesis of selected bacteriocins (plantaricin and acidocin). Research results indicated a high potential for sustainable use of by-products (horseradish and grapevine leaves) in the production of traditional low-salt fermented cucumbers with high health-promoting potential.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Modern Approaches for Sustainable Food Production and Waste Management)
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Open AccessArticle
Student-Centered Assessment Research on Holographic Learning Paradigm Based on Intelligent Analytic Hierarchy Process in Teaching of Bridge Engineering Course
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Maojun Duan, Fenghui Dong and Jiaqing Wang
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2430; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062430 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
Abstract
As the core course of civil engineering, the teaching quality of bridge engineering and the learning effectiveness of students are crucial for the construction of bridge engineering. The traditional teaching of bridge engineering courses tends to be teacher-centered, with learning as a supplement,
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As the core course of civil engineering, the teaching quality of bridge engineering and the learning effectiveness of students are crucial for the construction of bridge engineering. The traditional teaching of bridge engineering courses tends to be teacher-centered, with learning as a supplement, and therefore is commonly referred to as teacher-centered. This article analyzes the drawbacks of the teacher-centered teaching model and proposes a student-centered holographic teaching method in the teaching practice of bridge engineering courses. By reconstructing the learning content and constructing a holographic information field from a comprehensive perspective of digital, physical, and humanistic aspects, a teacher–student learning community guided by teachers and deeply participated in by students is established. From the perspective of integrating life experience, professional knowledge cognition, and engineering philosophy thinking, the learning effect of students is made high order, innovative, and challenging. The improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate the student-centered holographic teaching concept, and the results showed that adopting a multidimensional and multi-level holographic teaching method has great practical significance in promoting the establishment of student knowledge systems and the development of diversity.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Education: Theories, Practices and Approaches)
Open AccessArticle
A Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment Model for a Road Network Based on Neural Networks and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
by
Changhong Zhou, Mu Chen, Jiangtao Chen, Yu Chen and Wenwu Chen
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2429; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062429 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
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The frequency of extreme weather events has increased worldwide, leading to more intense natural disasters, which pose significant threats to human life and property safety. The main form of disaster occurrence is multi-hazard coupling and multi-hazard chaining. This paper constructs a road natural
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The frequency of extreme weather events has increased worldwide, leading to more intense natural disasters, which pose significant threats to human life and property safety. The main form of disaster occurrence is multi-hazard coupling and multi-hazard chaining. This paper constructs a road natural disaster risk assessment model using a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and neural network to quantitatively analyze road disasters with multiple hazards, and provides valuable insights for the predication of road natural disaster risk. Here, ten factors, including temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, elevation, slope, slope orientation, vegetation cover, geologic lithology, historical impact factors, and road density, were selected as input variables, and risk grade was selected as the output value (the evaluation results). The remaining hidden layers use the fully connected neural network. This model was first trained using historical data (from 2011 to 2021) obtained from road networks and natural disasters in Guangxi, China. Then, taking Lingchuan County as an example, the model was used to predict the risk of natural disasters on its roads, and, finally, the prediction accuracy of the model was determined by comparing the results with actual disaster situations. This study can provide theoretical support and technical operations for the development of subsequent early warning systems.
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Open AccessArticle
Rotary Drum Composting of Organic School Wastes and Compost Valorization
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Laila Almulla, Binson Mavelil Thomas, Mustapha F. A. Jallow, Amwaj Al-Roumi, Yeddu Devi and Joby Jacob
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2428; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062428 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
Abstract
Inappropriate waste disposal imposes significant health risks in densely populated urban environments and schools, necessitating sustainable waste management. Therefore, a study was carried out at Al-Jazaer School, Kuwait, to evaluate rotary drum composting (RDC) of organic school waste comprising used paper, dry leaves,
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Inappropriate waste disposal imposes significant health risks in densely populated urban environments and schools, necessitating sustainable waste management. Therefore, a study was carried out at Al-Jazaer School, Kuwait, to evaluate rotary drum composting (RDC) of organic school waste comprising used paper, dry leaves, and vegetable food wastes in a 1:4:20 ratio. Feedstock comprising 42% organic school wastes, 42% horse manure, and 16% sawdust produced mature compost with a C:N ratio of 20.55 on the 43rd day of composting. Distinct mesophilic, thermophilic, cooling, and curing phases were observed during composting. Mature compost recorded a moisture content of 54.3%, pH 8.56, EC of 2.71 mS/cm, total nitrogen of 0.77%, total organic carbon of 18.25%, carbon content of 15.86%, and sulfur content of 0.14%. Soilless growing media comprising peat moss, perlite, and rotary drum compost in three proportions (1:1:1, 1:1:2, and 1:1:3), and peat moss, perlite, and commercial organic compost in a 1:1:3 ratio were evaluated for greenhouse vegetable production. The performance of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus cv. Ramos) raised in the lowest proportion of in-house prepared rotary drum compost (1:1:1 ratio) was comparable with that raised in the highest proportion of commercial compost (1:1:3). The study revealed the potential of RDC for decentralized sustainable waste management at the small-community scale and the suitability of compost from school wastes for soilless culture.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)
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Open AccessArticle
Evaluating Fuel Cell vs. Battery Electric Trucks: Economic Perspectives in Alignment with China’s Carbon Neutrality Target
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Zhexuan Mu, Fuquan Zhao, Fanlong Bai, Zongwei Liu and Han Hao
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2427; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062427 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
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The electrification of heavy-duty trucks stands as a critical and challenging cornerstone in the low-carbon transition of the transportation sector. This paper employs the total cost of ownership (TCO) as the economic evaluation metric, framed within the context of China’s ambitious goals for
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The electrification of heavy-duty trucks stands as a critical and challenging cornerstone in the low-carbon transition of the transportation sector. This paper employs the total cost of ownership (TCO) as the economic evaluation metric, framed within the context of China’s ambitious goals for heavy truck electrification by 2035. A detailed TCO model is developed, encompassing not only the vehicles but also their related energy replenishing infrastructures. This comprehensive approach enables a sophisticated examination of the economic feasibility for different deployment contexts of both fuel cell and battery electric heavy-duty trucks, emphasizing renewable energy utilization. This study demonstrates that in the context where both fuel cell components and hydrogen energy are costly, fuel cell trucks (FCTs) exhibit a significantly higher TCO compared to battery electric trucks (BETs). Specifically, for a 16 ton truck with a 500 km range, the TCO for the FCT is 0.034 USD/tkm, representing a 122% increase over its BET counterpart. In the case of a 49 ton truck designed for a 1000 km range, the TCO for the FCT is 0.024 USD/tkm, marking a 36% premium compared to the BET model. The technological roadmap suggests a narrowing cost disparity between FCTs and BETs by 2035. For the aforementioned 16 ton truck model, the projected TCO for the FCT is expected to be 0.016 USD/tkm, which is 58% above the BET, and for the 49 ton variant, it is anticipated at 0.012 USD per ton-kilometer, narrowing the difference to just 4.5% relative to BET. Further analysis within this study on the influences of renewable energy pricing and operational range on FCT and BET costs highlights a pivotal finding: for the 49 ton truck, achieving TCO parity between FCTs and BETs is feasible when renewable energy electricity prices fall to 0.022 USD/kWh or when the operational range extends to 1890 km. This underscores the critical role of energy costs and efficiency in bridging the cost gap between FCTs and BETs.
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Open AccessArticle
The Volatility Dynamics of Prices in the European Power Markets during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period
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Zorana Zoran Stanković, Milena Nebojsa Rajic, Zorana Božić, Peđa Milosavljević, Ancuța Păcurar, Cristina Borzan, Răzvan Păcurar and Emilia Sabău
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2426; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062426 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
Abstract
Surging electricity demand, its limited supply, and the pandemic crisis are just some of the key factors that resulted in changes in electricity prices on the power exchanges. This topic brings about a notable economic influence on both producers and consumers. The main
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Surging electricity demand, its limited supply, and the pandemic crisis are just some of the key factors that resulted in changes in electricity prices on the power exchanges. This topic brings about a notable economic influence on both producers and consumers. The main purpose of this paper is to explore power price volatility during the four-year period from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2021, in 28 power exchanges in Europe, measured using daily velocity data. In addition, based on the fixed and chain base index numbers, as well as their relative merits, this paper was designed to measure the gap and convergence in trends. Considering that the price volatility varies depending on the observation period, this paper performs a comparative analysis of electricity price volatility on a daily, monthly, quarterly, and annual level for all examined countries. The obtained results indicate that electricity price volatility is higher on a daily basis. Related to this, convergent trends are demonstrated on all 28 observed markets, and there is a growing trend of hourly spot prices in the analyzed four-year period. The results of this paper also confirm a higher power price volatility during the pandemic period in 2020 and 2021 compared to the prepandemic period during 2018 and 2019.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Promoting the Transition towards Agriculture 4.0: A Systematic Literature Review on Drivers and Barriers
by
Roberto Fragomeli, Azzurra Annunziata and Gennaro Punzo
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2425; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062425 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
Abstract
In the modern era, the imperative of digitalisation to enhance competitiveness spans various sectors, with agriculture being no exception. Agriculture 4.0, strategically positioned to address challenges like climate change, food security, and resource preservation, holds the potential to increase productivity, profitability, and sustainability
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In the modern era, the imperative of digitalisation to enhance competitiveness spans various sectors, with agriculture being no exception. Agriculture 4.0, strategically positioned to address challenges like climate change, food security, and resource preservation, holds the potential to increase productivity, profitability, and sustainability in agriculture. Despite the global accessibility to digital technologies, their adoption within the agriculture sector, especially among small and medium-sized farms, encounters obstacles. Realising the full potential of Agriculture 4.0 requires understanding the factors influencing technology adoption. To address this, the study conducts a systematic literature review using the PRISMA method, focusing on identifying the primary drivers and barriers associated with the implementation of Agriculture 4.0 technologies. The study is complemented by a network analysis of the identified drivers and barriers. A total of 42 articles from 2011 to 2023, sourced from the Scopus database, are examined. Individual and farm-related factors play a crucial role in driving the adoption of smart farming technologies, along with social trust and influence. Economic constraints and lack of infrastructure, such as internet access, emerge as significant barriers. The identified drivers and barriers can inform the development of strategies to promote the transition to Agriculture 4.0. Farmers stand to benefit from insights into potential advantages, required skills, and challenges, aiding informed decision-making in the adoption of Agriculture 4.0 technologies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)
Open AccessReview
Radon and Its Short-Lived Products in Indoor Air: Present Status and Perspectives
by
Janja Vaupotič
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2424; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062424 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
Abstract
Initially, basic equations are given to express the activity concentrations and concentrations of potential α-energies of radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Tn) and their short-lived products in indoor air. The appearance of short-lived products as a radioactive aerosol is shown,
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Initially, basic equations are given to express the activity concentrations and concentrations of potential α-energies of radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Tn) and their short-lived products in indoor air. The appearance of short-lived products as a radioactive aerosol is shown, and the fraction of the unattached products is particularly exposed, a key datum in radon dosimetry. This fundamental part is followed by giving the sources of radon and thoron indoors, and thus, their products, and displaying the dependence of their levels on the ground characteristics, building material and practice, and living–working habits of residents. Substantial hourly, daily, and seasonal changes in their activity concentrations are reviewed, as influenced by meteorological parameters (air temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed) and human activity (either by ventilation, air conditioning and air filtration, or by generating aerosol particles). The role of the aerosol particle concentration and their size distribution in the dynamics of radon products in indoor air has been elucidated, focusing on the fraction of unattached products. Intensifying combined monitoring of radon short-lived products and background aerosol would improve radon dosimetry approaches in field and laboratory experiments. A profound knowledge of the influence of meteorological parameters and human activities on the dynamics of the behaviour of radon and thoron accompanied by their products in the air is a prerequisite to managing sustainable indoor air quality and human health.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Indoor Environmental Quality)
Open AccessArticle
Stochastic Modelling Frameworks for Dragon Fruit Supply Chains in Vietnam under Uncertain Factors
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Tri-Dung Nguyen, Uday Venkatadri, Tri Nguyen-Quang, Claver Diallo, Duc-Huy Pham, Huu-Thanh Phan, Le-Khai Pham, Phu-Cuong Nguyen and Michelle Adams
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2423; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062423 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
Abstract
Managing uncertainties and risks is always a difficult but fascinating task in fresh fruit supply chains, especially when dealing with the strategy for the production and conveyance of fresh fruit in Vietnam. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, the confluence of economic recession and persistent
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Managing uncertainties and risks is always a difficult but fascinating task in fresh fruit supply chains, especially when dealing with the strategy for the production and conveyance of fresh fruit in Vietnam. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, the confluence of economic recession and persistent adverse weather conditions has exacerbated challenges faced by dragon fruit cultivators. This research investigates a two-stage stochastic programming (TSSP) approach which is developed and served as a valuable tool for analyzing uncertainties, optimizing operations, and managing risks in the fresh fruit industry, ultimately contributing to the sustainability and resilience of supply chains in the agricultural sector. A prototype is provided to illustrate the complex and dynamic nature of dragon fruit cultivation and consumption in Vietnam. Data on the selling prices of dragon fruit were collected from several sources between 2013 and 2022 in Binh Thuan Province, Vietnam. The results were obtained from the model by using three different approaches in order of their versatility and efficacy: (1) Scenario tree generation; (2) Sample average approximation; (3) Chance-constrained programming.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supply Chain Sustainability, Data-Driven Supply Chains, Supply Chain Intelligence)
Open AccessArticle
Hierarchical Energy Management of DC Microgrid with Photovoltaic Power Generation and Energy Storage for 5G Base Station
by
Jingang Han, Shiwei Lin and Boyu Pu
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2422; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062422 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
Abstract
For 5G base stations equipped with multiple energy sources, such as energy storage systems (ESSs) and photovoltaic (PV) power generation, energy management is crucial, directly influencing the operational cost. Hence, aiming at increasing the utilization rate of PV power generation and improving the
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For 5G base stations equipped with multiple energy sources, such as energy storage systems (ESSs) and photovoltaic (PV) power generation, energy management is crucial, directly influencing the operational cost. Hence, aiming at increasing the utilization rate of PV power generation and improving the lifetime of the battery, thereby reducing the operating cost of the base station, a hierarchical energy management strategy based on the improved dung beetle optimization (IDBO) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The first control layer provides bus voltage control to each power module. In the second control layer, a dynamic balance control strategy calculates the power of the ESSs using the proportional–integral (PI) controller and distributes power based on the state of charge (SOC) and virtual resistance. The third control layer uses the IDBO algorithm to solve the DC microgrid’s optimization model in order to achieve the minimum daily operational cost goal. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed IDBO algorithm reduces the daily cost in both scenarios by about 14.64% and 9.49% compared to the baseline method. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical energy management strategy are verified through experimental results.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Optimal Planning, Integration and Control of Smart Grids and Microgrids Systems)
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Open AccessArticle
Assessment Model for the Social Impact of Decommissioning Subsea Oil and Gas Systems
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Leonardo Mangia Rodrigues, Fernando Guilherme Tenório, Dilma Lúcia da Costa Silva Pimentel, Marcelo Igor Lourenço de Souza and Lino Guimarães Marujo
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2421; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062421 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
Abstract
The article aims to propose a social impact assessment model that can help operators in the oil and gas exploration and production sector to evaluate the social impacts in the onshore and offshore dimensions of the decommissioning of subsea oil and gas production
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The article aims to propose a social impact assessment model that can help operators in the oil and gas exploration and production sector to evaluate the social impacts in the onshore and offshore dimensions of the decommissioning of subsea oil and gas production systems. Based on the technical characteristics of the operation, the literature review and the workshops held with interested parties, the conceptual model was developed. The model includes 2 dimensions: (i) onshore, which encompasses impacts on logistics and infrastructure and onshore employability, and (ii) offshore, which involves external context, restrictions on artisanal fishing, restrictions on tourist activities and offshore employability. The impacts in both dimensions result from the operationalization of decommissioning. The contribution of this study is to propose a social impact assessment model that takes into account the onshore and offshore dimensions of the offshore-based decommissioning process of submarine systems and to propose future research. The proposed model can support decision-making by companies and governments in the process of decommissioning submarine systems and can also help other types of offshore installations.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Management)
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Open AccessArticle
Understanding the Barriers to Consumer Purchasing of Electric Vehicles: The Innovation Resistance Theory
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Yixi Xue, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yi Zhang and Exiang Luo
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2420; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062420 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
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In the context of sustainable transition, the factors that impact the decision to purchase electric vehicles (EVs) have garnered significant interest. However, existing research predominantly concentrates on the promotional factors while disregarding an examination of the resistance effects. Drawing on the innovation resistance
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In the context of sustainable transition, the factors that impact the decision to purchase electric vehicles (EVs) have garnered significant interest. However, existing research predominantly concentrates on the promotional factors while disregarding an examination of the resistance effects. Drawing on the innovation resistance theory (IRT), this study aims to investigate the influence of three functional barriers (usage, value, and risk) and two psychological barriers (tradition and image) on consumers’ intention to purchase EVs. Additionally, we also analyze the moderating effect of environmental concern and incentive policy. Based on a survey of 297 respondents in China, we used SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 to verify our hypothesis. Our findings indicate that usage, value, risk, and tradition barriers negatively affect EV purchase intentions. Moreover, the negative relationship between functional barriers and EV purchase intentions is weaker for a strong incentive policy. Furthermore, we found that Gen Y and households with private car consumers are more willing to purchase EVs. These findings contribute to extending the applicability of IRT to the sustainable transportation field. They also offer practical guidance for EV enterprises with regard to marketing strategies that effectively mitigate the functional and psychological barriers to enhance profits, and for policymakers to better stimulate the development of the EV market.
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Open AccessArticle
Quantifying Resource Nexus: Virtual Water Flows, Water Stress Indices, and Unsustainable Import Fraction in South Korea’s Grain Trade Landscape
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Golden Odey, Bashir Adelodun, Qudus Adeyi, Akinsoji Adisa Hammed, Salau Rahmon Abiodun and Kyung Sook Choi
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2419; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062419 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
Abstract
This study delves into the intricate dynamics of South Korea’s grain production and trade, specifically scrutinizing water resource management and sustainability trends from 1991 to 2022. The primary objective was to assess the temporal evolution of South Korea’s agricultural virtual water trade in
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This study delves into the intricate dynamics of South Korea’s grain production and trade, specifically scrutinizing water resource management and sustainability trends from 1991 to 2022. The primary objective was to assess the temporal evolution of South Korea’s agricultural virtual water trade in maize, soybeans and wheat. Employing the virtual water flows assessment method, water stress index, and an unsustainable import fraction (UIF) analysis, this research aimed to uncover key patterns and dynamics within the agricultural grain trade landscape. Utilizing comprehensive datasets encompassing grain trade, as well as water and land footprint data, this study assessed the intricate interplay between agricultural production, trade, and resource utilization. Results showed a reduction in local production for soybeans and a slight increase in domestic wheat production over the study period. In addition, the study revealed an overall increase in the virtual water imports associated with grain crops, with maize exhibiting the steepest upward trend in comparison with the other grains (wheat and soybeans). Furthermore, the study demonstrated that the import of maize contributed the highest amount of water and land savings, implying that this grain crop had the most significant impact on conserving local water and land resources. Environmental impact assessments, including water stress indices and the unsustainable import fractions, contributed to a comprehensive understanding of grain trade sustainability with concrete result values and insights, highlighting the intricate interplay of international grain trade and local water resource conservation in South Korea. By scrutinizing the virtual land and water dimensions of grain trade, this research offers valuable insights for policymakers and researchers striving to navigate the nexus of agriculture, trade, and resource management. The findings hold significance in the context of ensuring food security, optimizing resource allocation, and fostering sustainable agricultural practices in a dynamically evolving global landscape.
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(This article belongs to the Collection Landscape Approaches in Era of Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: Sustainable Forestry and Agriculture, Close-to-Nature Forestry, and Conservations in OECMs)
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Open AccessArticle
Garden on the Great Wall—A Sustainable Solution for the Plants on the Top Surface of the Great Wall Heritage Site
by
Jianbin Pan, Tao Tao, Tiantian Huang, Yuyang Tang, Nuo Xu, Zihan Li, Zihui Tang and Xiaoyu Chen
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2418; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062418 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
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The Great Wall is a world-renowned cultural heritage site and a national key protected cultural relic in China. The plants on the top surface of the Great Wall heritage site are one of the factors leading to the occurrence and continuous deterioration of
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The Great Wall is a world-renowned cultural heritage site and a national key protected cultural relic in China. The plants on the top surface of the Great Wall heritage site are one of the factors leading to the occurrence and continuous deterioration of the Great Wall. Therefore, there is ongoing academic controversy on how to scientifically dispose of the plants on the top surface of the Great Wall heritage site. Taking Beijing Dazhuangke Great Wall as an example, the preliminary field research was completed. This paper further describes the key technology for the disposal of remaining roots after removing the ground part of the plants from the top surface of the Great Wall heritage site and clarifies the basic idea of using the original covered soil on the top surface of the Great Wall heritage site, back-filling the original covered soil stripped via reparation of the layers and the regenerated plants in a seed bank to create ‘soft capping’ protection. This study provides a basic framework for ‘soft capping’ on the top surface of the Great Wall heritage site and construction of the cultural landscape of the ‘Garden on the Great Wall’.
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Open AccessArticle
Color Authenticity for the Sustainable Development of Historical Areas: A Case Study of Shiquan
by
Mingrui Miao, Lyuhang Feng, Yao Wu, Rong Zhu and Dawei Xu
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2417; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062417 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
Abstract
Currently, historical areas in China are facing issues of color authenticity and excessive commercialization. Colors, as an important element of historical areas, reflect their history and culture. However, there are some flaws in the existing research methods, so a more scientific and systematic
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Currently, historical areas in China are facing issues of color authenticity and excessive commercialization. Colors, as an important element of historical areas, reflect their history and culture. However, there are some flaws in the existing research methods, so a more scientific and systematic method is needed to obtain accurate and objective color visualization results to promote the sustainable development of historical areas. In order to explore the methods and applications of visualizing the environmental color patterns of historical areas, Shiquan Street in Suzhou, China, was taken as the research object; ArcGIS 10.5 was used to obtain the street-view photo samples; Matlab was used to summarize the architectural colors of the historical areas; and K-means clustering was used to generate the central color card of the historical areas, thus completing the color visualization of the historical areas, followed by further searching for the color patterns and central colors, so as to explore the strategies for sustainable development of historical areas. The various quantified color models of historical areas can explore the regional uniqueness and color locality of historical areas, which avoids problems such as homogenization of block colors, unclear styles and features, and an excessive proportion of commercial colors caused by poor color guidance and control in the design related to historical areas, providing approaches to the research on the harmonious unity of environmental colors and features related to historical areas. A color-based research method has been proposed to protect and maintain the original appearance of historical areas. The application of this method provides a new perspective and possibility for the protection of historical areas, allowing these areas to achieve historical sustainability while maintaining their historical characteristics and values.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Architecture, Cities, and Sustainable Development Goals)
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Open AccessEditorial
Adapting Water and Soil Management to Climate Change
by
Nektarios N. Kourgialas, Ioannis Anastopoulos and Alexandros Stefanakis
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2416; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062416 (registering DOI) - 14 Mar 2024
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture largely depends on the stability of the soil ecosystem and the hydrological cycle dynamics [...]
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(This article belongs to the Topic Water and Soil Management in Adaptation to Climate Change)
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