Sustainability

32 pages, 648 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Top Management Team Heterogeneity, Top Management Incentives, and ESG Performance: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

by Shanshan Lyu, Mingzeng Yang and Qincheng Zhang

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8036; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188036 (registering DOI) - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

The challenge of balancing economic and social benefits has emerged as a critical issue for corporate sustainable development. Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria are key considerations for enterprises aiming to enhance both social and economic benefits simultaneously. Based on the upper echelons [...] Read more.

The challenge of balancing economic and social benefits has emerged as a critical issue for corporate sustainable development. Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria are key considerations for enterprises aiming to enhance both social and economic benefits simultaneously. Based on the upper echelons theory, differences in cognitive foundations and values brought about by top management team heterogeneity can influence corporate decisions. Taking A-share listed companies in China from 2011 to 2022 as samples, we construct a two-way fixed-effects model by firm and year to explore the impact of top management team heterogeneity on corporate ESG performance, and we introduce top management incentives as a moderating variable to further analyze the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that the gender heterogeneity, functional background heterogeneity, and overseas background heterogeneity of top management teams have significant positive impacts on corporate ESG performance, and monetary compensation incentives and control incentives to top management teams play a positive moderating role, while equity incentives exhibits a negative moderating effect. These findings remain robust across alternative measures of corporate ESG ratings and monetary and control incentives, and through the SYS-GMM model test and instrumental variable approach to address endogeneity. This research contributes to the literature on corporate ESG by validating and extending the understanding of how top management team characteristics affect organizational outcomes, and it provides practical guidance for enhancing corporate ESG practices. The implications of this study suggest that to enhance corporate ESG performance, enterprises should prioritize the promotion of top management team heterogeneity and tailor their incentive mechanisms accordingly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Corporate Governance and Firm Performance)

21 pages, 1400 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Strategic Entrepreneurship Behaviors on Business Performance in Turkish SMES: The Role of Business Model Innovation and Competitive Intensity

by Jabril Ramadan, Ahmad Alzubi and Amir Khadem

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8035; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188035 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

Strategic entrepreneurship behaviors enhance business performance and sustainability in Turkish SMEs by fostering innovation and leveraging competitive intensity for sustained growth. Employing strategic leadership theory, this study examines the effect of strategic entrepreneurial behaviors on business performance through the mediation role of business [...] Read more.

Strategic entrepreneurship behaviors enhance business performance and sustainability in Turkish SMEs by fostering innovation and leveraging competitive intensity for sustained growth. Employing strategic leadership theory, this study examines the effect of strategic entrepreneurial behaviors on business performance through the mediation role of business model innovation (BMI) and the moderation effect of competitive intensity. A quantitative approach was used, and data from 313 managers and business owners in Turkish small and medium enterprises (SMEs) were collected using a structured questionnaire. The results have shown that strategic entrepreneurial behavior significantly and positively impacts business performance and business model innovation. Business model innovation, in turn, positively affects business performance. Competitive intensity moderates the relationship between strategic entrepreneurial behavior and business model innovation, strengthening it under higher competitive pressure levels. However, competitive intensity does not moderate the direct link between strategic entrepreneurial behavior and business performance. At higher levels of competitive intensity, the conditional indirect effect of strategic entrepreneurial behavior on business performance through business model innovation becomes more prominent. The findings of this study offer actionable insights for enhancing SME performance through strategic entrepreneurship, innovative business models, and competitive strategy adaptation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Business Model Innovation and Corporate Sustainability)

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13 pages, 3015 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Applicability of Paper and Pulp Industry Waste for Manufacturing Mycelium-Based Materials for Thermoacoustic Insulation

by Hugo Muñoz, Paulo Molina, Ignacio A. Urzúa-Parra, Diego A. Vasco, Magdalena Walczak, Gonzalo Rodríguez-Grau, Francisco Chateau and Mamié Sancy

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8034; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188034 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

Cellulose and paper produce significant waste such as ash, activated sludge, and sludge from the pulp and paper industry. Depending on the raw material, legislation, and subprocesses, these sludges contain around 30–50% organic matter, mainly composed of less than 0.02 mm cellulose fibers [...] Read more.

Cellulose and paper produce significant waste such as ash, activated sludge, and sludge from the pulp and paper industry. Depending on the raw material, legislation, and subprocesses, these sludges contain around 30–50% organic matter, mainly composed of less than 0.02 mm cellulose fibers and hemicellulose and lignin. This work used sludge from the pulp and paper industry as a substrate for manufacturing mycelium-based biomaterials using the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Chemical and surface analyses revealed the formation of new materials. Acoustic impedance analyses revealed that these materials have a noise reduction coefficient and sound absorption average comparable to extruded polystyrene and polyurethane. In addition, the material’s thermal conductivity was near that of sheep wool. Therefore, the biomaterials fabricated using sludge and Trametes versicolor have the potential to be a game-changer in the industry as promising thermoacoustic insulators. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Timber's Green Revolution: Sustainable Construction from Start to Finish)

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36 pages, 60184 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Poly-Methyl-Methacrylate Rods in Light-Transmitting Concrete: A Critical Investigation into Sustainable Implementation

by Adithya Shenoy, Gopinatha Nayak, Adithya Tantri, Kiran K. Shetty, Jasmin Anna Maxwell, B. H. Venkataram Pai and Laxman P. Kudva

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8033; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188033 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

The development of special concrete focussed on sustainability and energy conservation has been approached through the use of recycled materials, novel techniques and processes, and materials that harness natural energy. This paper presents the results of one such study on the development of [...] Read more.

The development of special concrete focussed on sustainability and energy conservation has been approached through the use of recycled materials, novel techniques and processes, and materials that harness natural energy. This paper presents the results of one such study on the development of light-transmitting concrete using a novel polymeric transmitting media, poly-methyl-methacrylate, and a detailed analysis of the results obtained. Four variants based on the diameter and number of rods have been studied, with 5 and 10 mm diameter rods incorporated into 100 mm cube samples. A positive correlation between the area of rods and transmittance has been established; however, a loss in compressive and flexural strength was observed. Seasonal and monthly variation results indicate higher transmittance in summer, with the highest transmittance being observed in the month of May and the monsoon having the lowest transmittance, specifically in the month of July. The results of a case study of the application of the material have also been presented. The cost of construction has been studied, and the prediction of electricity consumption during operations has been carried out. The results have indicated the feasibility of use, even with the high initial cost. Variants have been shown to return the investments in a period of 7–31 years. Additionally, three of the four variants showed a sharp decrease in total CO₂ emissions by eliminating the need for energy for daylighting and eliminating the consumption of electricity throughout the service life. Variants have been shown to return the investments in a period of 7–31 years. Additionally, three of the four variants show a sharp decrease in total CO₂ emissions by eliminating the need for energy for daylighting and eliminating the consumption of electricity throughout the service life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Sustainable Materials, Structural Analysis, and Concrete Durability)

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35 pages, 3798 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An AI-Based Evaluation Framework for Smart Building Integration into Smart City

by Mustafa Muthanna Najm Shahrabani and Rasa Apanaviciene

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8032; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188032 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

The integration of smart buildings (SBs) into smart cities (SCs) is critical to urban development, with the potential to improve SCs’ performance. Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have emerged as a promising tool to enhance SB and SC development. The authors apply an AI-based [...] Read more.

The integration of smart buildings (SBs) into smart cities (SCs) is critical to urban development, with the potential to improve SCs’ performance. Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have emerged as a promising tool to enhance SB and SC development. The authors apply an AI-based methodology, particularly Large Language Models of OpenAI ChatGPT-3 and Google Bard as AI experts, to uniquely evaluate 26 criteria that represent SB services across five SC infrastructure domains (energy, mobility, water, waste management, and security), emphasizing their contributions to the integration of SB into SC and quantifying their impact on the efficiency, resilience, and environmental sustainability of SC. The framework was then validated through two rounds of the Delphi method, leveraging human expert knowledge and an iterative consensus-building process. The framework’s efficiency in analyzing complicated information and generating important insights is demonstrated via five case studies. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the effects of SB services on SC infrastructure domains, highlighting the intricate nature of SC, as well as revealing areas that require further integration to realize the SC performance objectives. Full article

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25 pages, 1108 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Digital Supply Chain on Inventory Management Effectiveness within Engineering Companies in Jordan

by Ahmad Ali Atieh Ali, Abdallah A. S. Fayad, Abdulrahman Alomair and Abdulaziz S. Al Naim

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8031; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188031 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

This research enters deeply into the critical dynamics of characteristics within digital supply chains and their collective eventual influence on inventory management efficiency. The study uses an exhaustive survey of 350 engineering company representatives to reveal the complex interactions between different qualities of [...] Read more.

This research enters deeply into the critical dynamics of characteristics within digital supply chains and their collective eventual influence on inventory management efficiency. The study uses an exhaustive survey of 350 engineering company representatives to reveal the complex interactions between different qualities of supply chain systems-on-time data and inventory practice efficiency. By applying advanced techniques of regression analysis, the authors worked out three hypotheses and exhaustively tested them to find out the impact of digital adaptivity, dynamism and flexibility on both the visibility of information and inventory management effectiveness. This study has many interesting findings. First, this paper found strong positive connections between Digital Adaptability Supply Chain and Digital Flexibility Supply Chain in terms of both information visibility and inventory management effectiveness. These results argue that to effectively manage inventory levels with optimal information transparency across its network of links, companies must establish supply chain systems that can adapt to change and embrace flexibility. Digital Agility Supply Chain did not show any significant relationships with these variables, but it could be important. We need to study its nuances until we know how it is going to affect supply chain performance indices. This paper encourages investment in new supply chain technologies that will help all the engineering companies in Jordan be more adaptable and flexible. It also calls for adding data analysis capabilities across the company directly into supply chain processes through real-time tracking solutions. These solutions will make it easier to see and give decision-makers quick, reliable information about inventory management practices and agreement practices. By incorporating these recommendations, all Jordanian engineering companies can enhance their supply capacity and appropriate inventory management procedures to compete in the evolving marketplace now finally taking effect. Full article

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17 pages, 829 KiB

Open AccessArticle

From Sensory Experience to Revisit Intentions: An Embodied Cognition Perspective on Replica Tourism

by Yang Liu and Kazumitsu Minamikawa

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8030; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188030 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

This study explores the impact of sensory experiences on tourists’ experiences at replica destinations, aiming to clarify the intrinsic influence mechanisms between sensory experiences, perceived authenticity, well-being, and the intention to revisit. Utilizing embodied cognition theory, this study empirically tested its application through [...] Read more.

This study explores the impact of sensory experiences on tourists’ experiences at replica destinations, aiming to clarify the intrinsic influence mechanisms between sensory experiences, perceived authenticity, well-being, and the intention to revisit. Utilizing embodied cognition theory, this study empirically tested its application through data collected via an online survey of tourists who visited a well-known replica destination, Window of the World in Shenzhen, within three months prior to completing the survey. The findings reveal that tourists’ sensory experiences, except for smell and taste, are directly related to the intention to revisit. Positive sensory experiences influence perceived authenticity and well-being, subsequently leading to an increased intention to revisit. By providing empirical evidence on tourists’ sensory experiences at replica destinations in different cultural contexts, this study enriches the existing body of research and broadens the scope of replica tourism studies. In addition, an increasing number of replica tourism destinations play an important role in protecting traditional tourist destinations, especially historical sites. This study provides valuable insights for the future development of replica tourism destinations in promoting sustainable tourism. At the same time, this study extends the application of embodied cognition theory to replica tourism, contributing to theoretical development and offering new insights into the role of sensory experiences in shaping tourist behavior. Full article

20 pages, 2858 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Economic Impacts of the Electric Road System Implementation on the Rotterdam–Antwerp Corridor

by Raimonds Aronietis and Thierry Vanelslander

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8029; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188029 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

Electric road systems (ERSs) are a group of technologies that allow powering adequately equipped road transport vehicles with electricity from the road infrastructure while in motorway traffic. They can be categorised into three technology groups: overhead catenary, ground conductive, and ground inductive, depending [...] Read more.

Electric road systems (ERSs) are a group of technologies that allow powering adequately equipped road transport vehicles with electricity from the road infrastructure while in motorway traffic. They can be categorised into three technology groups: overhead catenary, ground conductive, and ground inductive, depending on the mode of power transfer used. The supplied energy is used for propulsion and for charging the vehicle batteries to be used once the vehicle leaves the electrified road section. Also, another energy source, e.g., diesel, natural gas, or hydrogen, can be used while away from the ERS. This research investigates the potential impacts of implementing the different ERS technologies on the Rotterdam–Antwerp motorway corridor that links the two largest ports in Europe. The aim is to identify which of the routes between the ports is best suited for the implementation of an ERS, whether there are substantial differences in the economic performance of the different ERS technologies, determine what ERS vehicle traffic volumes are required and potentially available for successful implementation, what investment is required to build the system and whether the ERS operator can be profitable, and whether transport operators could operate their trucks on ERS profitability in this corridor setting. The research shows that the route between Rotterdam and Antwerp that runs on motorway E19 is the best to be electrified from an economic standpoint. Our calculations show that the traffic on the Rotterdam–Antwerp corridor is sufficient for economically justifying ERS infrastructure rollout and operation. For transport operators who happen to have specific client bases, e.g., those who usually serve clients from one of the ports along the electrified route, the construction of an ERS on the route could prove to be very lucrative if they adopt the technology early. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)

14 pages, 1469 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Different Strategies of the Italian Regions within the 2023 2027 Rural Development Programme

by Francesco Piras, Antonio Pulina and Pierluigi Milone

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8028; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188028 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

Following the European Commission’s approval of the CAP Strategic Plan and the 21 Italian region (CSR)-related strategic documents, the financial aspect that characterized the single national CAP plan was made available. Here, we present and analyze the final data on the distribution of [...] Read more.

Following the European Commission’s approval of the CAP Strategic Plan and the 21 Italian region (CSR)-related strategic documents, the financial aspect that characterized the single national CAP plan was made available. Here, we present and analyze the final data on the distribution of public resources for interventions between 2023 and 2027. This marks a pivotal period of strategic information for those who follow the evolution of the rural development policy, providing vital indications of policymakers’ priorities. In Italy, where rural development policy is highly regionalized, it is difficult to acquire an overall view of the strategic choices adopted by the individual regions. The primary objective of this article is to offer a comprehensive and enlightening synopsis of the regional choices in the CSRs. It aims to identify shared strategic paths in rural development, with a specific focus on the financial allocation in each of the three historical macro-objectives of the CAP: the competitiveness of the agri-food sector, the protection of the environment, and the revitalization of rural areas. Cluster analysis classification allows for aggregating the strategies adopted, allowing for comparisons across the Italian regions. The results show three regional groups focused on environmental strategy, structural investment measures, and resource distribution that is more balanced between these two approaches. Identifying the strategic choices made by the regions allows policymakers to predict different development trajectories and the progress of the expenditure indicators over the years. At the moment, it is impossible to verify whether the policy mix defined in the budget allocation is consistent with the strategic statements. Full article

20 pages, 17380 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Distribution Characteristics and Genesis Mechanism of Ground Fissures in Three Northern Counties of the North China Plain

by Chao Xue, Mingdong Zang, Zhongjian Zhang, Guoxiang Yang, Nengxiong Xu, Feiyong Wang, Cheng Hong, Guoqing Li and Fujiang Wang

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8027; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188027 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

The North China Plain is among the regions most afflicted by ground fissure disasters in China. Recent urbanization has accelerated ground fissure activity in the three counties of the northern North China Plain, posing significant threats to both the natural environment and socioeconomic [...] Read more.

The North China Plain is among the regions most afflicted by ground fissure disasters in China. Recent urbanization has accelerated ground fissure activity in the three counties of the northern North China Plain, posing significant threats to both the natural environment and socioeconomic sustainability. Despite the increased attention, a lack of comprehensive understanding persists due to delayed recognition and limited research. This study conducted field visits and geological surveys across 43 villages and 80 sites to elucidate the spatial distribution patterns of ground fissures in the aforementioned counties. By integrating these findings with regional geological data, we formulated a causative model to explain ground fissure formation. Our analysis reveals a concentration of ground fissures near the Niuxi and Rongxi faults, with the former exhibiting the most extensive distribution. The primary manifestations of ground fissures include linear cracks and patch-shaped collapse pits, predominantly oriented in east-west and north-south directions, indicating tensile failure with minimal vertical displacement. Various factors contribute to ground fissure development, including fault activity, ancient river channel distribution, bedrock undulations, rainfall, and ground settlement. Fault activity establishes a concealed fracture system in shallow geotechnical layers, laying the groundwork for ground fissure formation. Additionally, the distribution of ancient river channels and bedrock undulations modifies regional stress fields, further facilitating ground fissure emergence. Rainfall and differential ground settlement serve as triggering mechanisms, exposing ground fissures at the surface. This research offers new insights into the causes of ground fissures in the northern North China Plain, providing crucial scientific evidence for sustaining both the natural environment and the socio-economic stability of the region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Natural Hazards and Disaster Risks Reduction, 2nd Volume)

17 pages, 2767 KiB

Open AccessReview

Comprehending the Consumer Behavior toward Sustainable Apparel

by Mahendran Balasubramanian and Pariya Sheykhmaleki

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8026; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188026 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

This paper comprehensively reviews the extant literature on consumer behavior toward sustainable apparel as a pathway to sustainability. This literature review is based on journal articles from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Through an in-depth systematic analysis of the existing literature, [...] Read more.

This paper comprehensively reviews the extant literature on consumer behavior toward sustainable apparel as a pathway to sustainability. This literature review is based on journal articles from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Through an in-depth systematic analysis of the existing literature, this paper provides an overview of the research topic, sustainable apparel consumption, from a consumer perspective. The systematic literature review reveals five main themes: consumer attitudes, consumer purchases, consumer knowledge, consumer preferences, and consumer influence toward sustainable apparel. Different factors leading to sustainable consumer behavior emerged from each of these themes. Consumer preferences for sustainable apparel encompass various factors, such as preferred materials, styles, designs, and sizes, influenced by personal values, psychological characteristics, cultural backgrounds, socio-demographics, and the availability of options. Factors such as perceived costs, design uniqueness, and cognitive dissonance contribute to shaping consumer preferences in sustainable fashion. By delineating the complex consumer behavior and deliberating the sustainable apparel consumption phenomenon, this study aids in developing future sustainable strategies for apparel industries, considering the driving factors and their impact on consumer behavior and sustainability. Full article

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20 pages, 7101 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tracking Evapotranspiration Patterns on the Yinchuan Plain with Multispectral Remote Sensing

by Junzhen Meng, Xiaoquan Yang, Zhiping Li, Guizhang Zhao, Peipei He, Yabing Xuan and Yunfei Wang

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8025; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188025 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the hydrological cycle, and it has a decisive impact on the ecosystem balance in arid and semi-arid regions. The Yinchuan Plain, located in the Gobi of Northwest China, has a strong surface ET, which has a [...] Read more.

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the hydrological cycle, and it has a decisive impact on the ecosystem balance in arid and semi-arid regions. The Yinchuan Plain, located in the Gobi of Northwest China, has a strong surface ET, which has a significant impact on the regional water resource cycle. However, there is a current lack of high-resolution evapotranspiration datasets and a substantial amount of time is required for long-time series remote sensing evapotranspiration estimation. In order to assess the ET pattern in this region, we obtained the actual ET (ET_a) of the Yinchuan Plain between 1987 and 2020 using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Specifically, we used Landsat TM+/OLI remote sensing imagery and the GEE Surface Energy Balance Model (geeSEBAL) to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of ET over different seasons. We then reproduced the interannual variation in ET from 1987 to 2020, and statistically analyzed the distribution patterns and contributions of ET with regard to different land use types. The results show that (1) the daily ET_a of the Yinchuan Plain is the highest in the central lake wetland area in spring, with a maximum value of 4.32 mm day⁻¹; in summer, it is concentrated around the croplands and water bodies, with a maximum value of 6.90 mm day⁻¹; in autumn and winter, it is mainly concentrated around the water bodies and impervious areas, with maximum values of 3.93 and 1.56 mm day⁻¹, respectively. (2) From 1987 to 2020, the ET of the Yinchuan Plain showed an obvious upward and downward trend in some areas with significant land use changes, but the overall ET of the region remained relatively stable without dramatic fluctuations. (3) The ET_a values for different land use types in the Yinchuan Plain region are ranked as follows: water body > cultivated land > impervious > grassland > bare land. Our results showed that geeSEBAL is highly applicable in the Yinchuan Plain area. It allows for the accurate and detailed inversion of ET and has great potential for evaluating long-term ET in data-scarce areas due to its low meteorological sensitivity, which facilitates the study of the regional hydrological cycle and water governance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Water Management)

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17 pages, 1776 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Environmental Impacts in Legume Crops: A Case Study of PGI White Bean Production in Southern Europe

by Reina Pérez, Cecilia Fernández, Amanda Laca and Adriana Laca

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8024; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188024 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

A small-scale organic crop producing the protected geographical indication (PGI) cultivar “Faba Asturiana”, located in northern Spain, was considered to be a case study for analyzing the environmental impacts associated with the production of this legume (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The life cycle [...] Read more.

A small-scale organic crop producing the protected geographical indication (PGI) cultivar “Faba Asturiana”, located in northern Spain, was considered to be a case study for analyzing the environmental impacts associated with the production of this legume (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was employed for the analysis with a “cradle-to-gate” perspective, with 1 kg of dry beans as the functional unit. The results demonstrated that the main contributor to the environmental impacts was electricity consumption (with percentages above 75% for ionizing radiation, freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and non-carcinogenic toxicity). A carbon footprint (CF) of 1.20 kg CO₂eq per kg of dry beans was obtained (around 1000 kg CO₂/ha·y). Electricity consumption was the major contributor to the CF, followed by atmospheric emissions from waste incineration and diesel use. Furthermore, some environmental improvements were suggested, and three alternative scenarios were investigated. In conclusion, it can be established that the CF of the studied PGI bean is within the range reported by other researchers for leguminous crops. The easiest way to reduce the CF for this particular crop would be to compost the organic waste instead of burning it. Additionally, the most effective strategy would be to reduce energy consumption or use renewable energy sources. For example, if the energy supply were obtained through in situ solar production, the CF could be reduced by more than 40%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

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19 pages, 627 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nexus among Digital Leadership, Digital Transformation, and Digital Innovation for Sustainable Financial Performance: Revealing the Influence of Environmental Dynamism

by Md. Alamgir Mollah, Mohammad Bin Amin, Gouranga Chandra Debnath, Md. Sajjad Hosain, Md. Atikur Rahaman and Masuk Abdullah

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8023; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188023 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

In the era of digitalization, the role of IT firms and the capabilities of digital leadership for driving digital transformation and managing environmental dynamism for the proliferation of digital innovation and organizational performance for sustainability are still scant, producing a knowledge gap. To [...] Read more.

In the era of digitalization, the role of IT firms and the capabilities of digital leadership for driving digital transformation and managing environmental dynamism for the proliferation of digital innovation and organizational performance for sustainability are still scant, producing a knowledge gap. To fill this gap, this study aims to investigate the role of digital leadership in enhancing organizational performance, with the mediating impact of digital transformation and digital innovation, and the moderating role of environmental dynamism in the relationship between digital transformation and innovation. To investigate the conceptual model, we used survey data of 416 responses from small, medium, and large IT organizations in Bangladesh and deployed the AMOS 24 package software for the analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that digital leadership has a significant impact on digital transformation, digital innovation, and organizational performance. Digital innovation partially mediates the relationship between digital leadership and organizational performance. Although environmental dynamism has no significant effect in relation to digital leadership and innovation, it has an indirect influence on the structural model. The results from before and after moderation proved that environmental dynamism might not have a significant moderating effect on relationships, but it has significant power to change other interrelationships and hamper organizational sustainability. Full article

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20 pages, 5863 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Fire Resilience Assessment of Ancient Architectural Complexes Based on the AHP-CRITIC Method

by Songtao Yu, Houdong Liu, Qian Kang, Juan Cheng, Yingli Gong and Yuxian Ke

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8022; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188022 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

Ancient architectural complexes are an important part of human cultural heritage, carrying a wealth of historical and cultural information. However, fire safety issues in these complexes are becoming increasingly prominent, and it is urgent to assess and enhance their fire resilience to support [...] Read more.

Ancient architectural complexes are an important part of human cultural heritage, carrying a wealth of historical and cultural information. However, fire safety issues in these complexes are becoming increasingly prominent, and it is urgent to assess and enhance their fire resilience to support sustainable development. This paper takes ancient architectural complexes as the research object and establishes a fire resilience evaluation indicator system for ancient architectural complexes, which includes 25 third-level indicators categorized under architectural characteristics, facility factors, management factors, and social factors. Then, this paper combines the AHP method and the CRITIC method to determine the weight of each indicator. The results show that architectural features and facility factors are key level 2 indicators affecting the fire resilience of ancient architectural complexes. The fire resistance rate, building materials, automatic alarm system, etc., are key level 3 indicators influencing the fire resilience of ancient architectural complexes. It is suggested that efforts should be made to enhance the fire resilience of ancient architectural complexes by improving the fire resistance rate, strengthening smart early warning systems, and intensifying the ensuring of firefighting responses. This paper provides valuable insights and recommendations for effectively preventing fire disasters in ancient architectural complexes, thereby supporting their sustainable management and long-term conservation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Management and Safety Engineering for a Sustainable Future)

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21 pages, 11739 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Land Cover and Spatial Distribution of Surface Water Loss Hotspots in Italy

by Irene Palazzoli, Gianluca Lelli and Serena Ceola

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8021; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188021 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

Increasing water withdrawals and changes in land cover/use are critically altering surface water bodies, often causing a noticeable reduction in their area. Such anthropogenic modification of surface waters needs to be thoroughly examined to recognize the dynamics through which humans affect the loss [...] Read more.

Increasing water withdrawals and changes in land cover/use are critically altering surface water bodies, often causing a noticeable reduction in their area. Such anthropogenic modification of surface waters needs to be thoroughly examined to recognize the dynamics through which humans affect the loss of surface water. By leveraging remotely-sensed data and employing a distance–decay model, we investigate the loss of surface water resources that occurred in Italy between 1984 and 2021 and explore its association with land cover change and potential human pressure. In particular, we first estimate the land cover conversion across locations experiencing surface water loss. Next, we identify and analytically model the influence of irrigated and built-up areas, which heavily rely on surface waters, on the spatial distribution of surface water losses across river basin districts and river basins in Italy. Our results reveal that surface water losses are mainly located in northern Italy, where they have been primarily replaced by cropland and vegetation. As expected, we find that surface water losses tend to be more concentrated in the proximity of both irrigated and built-up areas yet showing differences in their spatial occurrence and extent. These observed spatial patterns are well captured by our analytical model, which outlines the predominant role of irrigated areas, mainly across northern Italy and Sicily, and more dominant effects of built-up areas across the Apennines and in Sardinia. By highlighting land cover patterns following the loss of surface water and evaluating the relative distribution of surface water losses with respect to areas of human pressure, our analysis provides key information that could support water management and prevent future conditions of water scarcity due to unsustainable water exploitation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Water Management in the Face of Climate Change and Water Scarcity)

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20 pages, 4750 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identifying Critical Links in Degradable Road Networks Using a Traffic Demand-Based Indicator

by Qiang Tu, Han He, Xiaomin Lai, Chuan Jiang and Zhanji Zheng

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8020; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188020 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

The primary traffic-based indicators for identifying critical links account for travel time, transportation efficiency, and traffic demand. These indicators are seldom applied to scenarios in which link capacity degradation occurs across the entire network. In addition, the commonly used traffic demand-based indicator, known [...] Read more.

The primary traffic-based indicators for identifying critical links account for travel time, transportation efficiency, and traffic demand. These indicators are seldom applied to scenarios in which link capacity degradation occurs across the entire network. In addition, the commonly used traffic demand-based indicator, known as unsatisfied demand, can only work when there are disconnected origin–destination (OD) pairs in the network. In this context, this study incorporates the concept of a degradable road network to represent such scenarios and introduces a new network-wide traffic demand-based indicator, defined as late arrival demand (LAD), to identify critical links. Specifically, we built a late arrival rate (LAR)-based user equilibrium (UE) model to capture travel behavior and estimate the LAD in degradable road networks. Then, LAD and four other indicators were introduced to identify critical links in the framework of the LAR-based UE model. Finally, the Nguyen–Dupuis and Sioux Falls networks were employed for numerical experiments. The results, under various levels of traffic demand and degradation, demonstrate that LAD is a flexible and effective network-wide traffic demand-based indicator. This new approach provides insights that can help managers assess link criticality in degradable road networks from the perspective of traffic demand. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Development of Resilient, Reliable and Sustainable Transportation Networks)

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19 pages, 322 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Era of Digital Transition in the Prism of the Existential Threat of Job Loss: Corporate Social Responsibility

by Irina Shestakova

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8019; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188019 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

This article explores the question of the rate of digital progress in the context of the labour market. Specific features of the current situation are discussed: the temporality of socio-technological transformations, which is becoming less and less compatible with the harmonious development of [...] Read more.

This article explores the question of the rate of digital progress in the context of the labour market. Specific features of the current situation are discussed: the temporality of socio-technological transformations, which is becoming less and less compatible with the harmonious development of man and society; the pace at which machines acquire intelligence; the total devaluation of mental labour; the unresolved issue of the role of man in the world of intelligent machines; and the criticality of the problem of the labour market due to its global nature, social significance and the rate of socio-technological changes. It is emphasised that these circumstances, already in the short term, threaten the sustainable development of global society, whose reactions to the transformation of technological and socio-economic infrastructure are significantly lagging behind. It is concluded that there is an urgent need to strengthen social responsibility, determined by the new ethics of relations between humans and machines with AI, supplemented by the primacy of the dignity of the social role of humans. The authors point out the urgent need to revise ideas about work as the main purpose of a person and about realisation in the profession as the main factor that determines the self-esteem of an individual and his social status. Full article

23 pages, 1838 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Accuracy of MFD Construction in Multisource Complex Data Scenarios

by Rongrong Hong

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8018; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188018 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

The macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD), as a model depicting the correlation between traffic flow parameters at the network level, offers a new way to understand regional traffic state using derived traffic flow data from detectors directly. The accuracy of MFD construction is directly [...] Read more.

The macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD), as a model depicting the correlation between traffic flow parameters at the network level, offers a new way to understand regional traffic state using derived traffic flow data from detectors directly. The accuracy of MFD construction is directly related to factors such as the type of detectors, their distribution, and their quantity within the road network. Understanding these influencing factors and mechanisms is crucial for enhancing the reliability of MFD-based applications such as congestion pricing and threshold control. Present investigations on factors that affect MFD construction’s accuracy have frequently been confined to sensitivity analysis of single-source data and individual influencing factors such as the penetration rate. However, the accuracy of MFD is influenced by a multitude of factors, including the spatial distribution equilibrium, penetration rate, and coverage rate of traffic flow detection equipment. Despite this, this paper utilized the Q-paramics simulation software V6.8.1 to acquire simulated data and employed the orthogonal experimental method from statistics to explore the impact mechanisms of factors on the accuracy of MFD construction. The results of the case study demonstrated that when the penetration rate reaches 20%, the error remains approximately around 10%; once the coverage rate surpasses 45%, the errors stabilize at around 10%. This study provides practical guidance for traffic management and planning decisions aimed at promoting sustainable development through the application of MFD in real-world road networks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation and Logistics Optimization)

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