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The Design and Performance Prediction Model of an Integrated Scheme of a Membrane Bioreactor and Anaerobic Digester for the Treatment of Domestic Wastewater and Biowaste
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Structural Equation Modeling of the Marine Ecological System in Nanwan Bay Using SPSS Amos
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The Evolution of Multifunctional Agriculture in Italy
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Assessing the Suitability of Sediment Soil to Be Reused by Different Soil Treatments for Forest Agriculture
Journal Description
Sustainability
Sustainability
is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal on environmental, cultural, economic, and social sustainability of human beings, published semimonthly online by MDPI. The Canadian Urban Transit Research & Innovation Consortium (CUTRIC), International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) and Urban Land Institute (ULI) are affiliated with Sustainability and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE and SSCI (Web of Science), GEOBASE, GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, RePEc, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Environmental Studies) / CiteScore - Q1 (Geography, Planning and Development)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 18.3 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Sustainability.
- Companion journals for Sustainability include: World, Sustainable Chemistry, Conservation, Future Transportation, Architecture, Standards, Merits and Wind.
Impact Factor:
3.9 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
4.0 (2022)
Latest Articles
Climate Concern and Pro-Environmental Behaviour in the Light of Trust
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14430; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914430 - 02 Oct 2023
Abstract
When exploring individual motivations of pro-climate behaviour, researchers investigate a multitude of factors, including the role of trust. Based on the empirical results obtained to date, the literature does not paint a uniform picture regarding the strength of the relationship between trust and
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When exploring individual motivations of pro-climate behaviour, researchers investigate a multitude of factors, including the role of trust. Based on the empirical results obtained to date, the literature does not paint a uniform picture regarding the strength of the relationship between trust and environmental awareness. Using a large-scale, representative survey conducted in Hungary in June–July 2022, the present study—based on a data analysis—provides an answer to the question of how much the trust of the individual motivates the given individual to take pro-climate action. The results of the study show that most of the respondents cannot be viewed as pro-climate actors in spite of the fact that, in the meantime, they are concerned about climate change. Most of them are mistrustful of their fellow human beings, in other words they think that protecting the climate and taking action against climate change is not particularly important for others. One of the most important conclusions that may be drawn from the analyses is that trust influences both pro-environment/pro-climate action, and the intent to act. Research results confirm the general conclusion that supporting and increasing social trust would have a beneficial effect on more effective action against environmental challenges.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Air, Climate Change and Sustainability)
Open AccessArticle
Revolutionizing Chinese Manufacturing: Uncovering the Nexus of Intelligent Transformation and Capital Market Information Efficiency
by
and
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14429; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914429 - 02 Oct 2023
Abstract
Intelligent transformation plays a crucial role in advancing sustainable development in manufacturing while also enhancing the information environment. This study examines the role of intelligent transformation in China’s manufacturing sector, spanning theoretical and empirical dimensions and being anchored in the context of capital
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Intelligent transformation plays a crucial role in advancing sustainable development in manufacturing while also enhancing the information environment. This study examines the role of intelligent transformation in China’s manufacturing sector, spanning theoretical and empirical dimensions and being anchored in the context of capital market information efficiency. The theoretical framework highlights how intelligent transformation mitigates information asymmetry, aligning a firm’s valuation with its intrinsic value, thereby elevating the information efficiency of capital markets. Leveraging annual reports from China’s A-share manufacturing firms, this study employs textual analysis to construct indicators assessing the extent of intelligent transformation across these entities. The empirical findings of this study harmonize with the theoretical constructs. Notably, intelligent transformation emerges as a pivotal driver in enhancing information efficiency in capital markets, substantiated by a negative correlation between intelligent transformation and stock price synchronicity within the manufacturing domain. This correlation withstands a battery of robustness tests and endogeneity treatment. The mechanism driving this transformative impact lies in intelligent transformation’s ability to enhance productivity and magnify market attention, thereby positively influencing capital market information efficiency. The insights not only provide empirical support but also offer practical guidance for improving real-world company operations and developing high-quality capital markets.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Developments in Sustainable Corporate Finance and Financial Innovations)
Open AccessArticle
Do Geographical Indication Products Promote the Growth of the Agricultural Economy? An Empirical Study Based on Meta-Analysis
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14428; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914428 - 02 Oct 2023
Abstract
Do geographical indication products help facilitate the development of the agricultural economy? This problem is a point of controversy in the field of global agricultural intellectual property. For a long time, there have been different viewpoints on this problem; that is, there is
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Do geographical indication products help facilitate the development of the agricultural economy? This problem is a point of controversy in the field of global agricultural intellectual property. For a long time, there have been different viewpoints on this problem; that is, there is a positive correlation, negative correlation, U-shape correlation, or no correlation between the geographical indication products and the development of the agricultural economy in the context of different studies. To clarify the influence mechanism between the two and explain why there are these disputes, this study used the meta-analysis method to statistically reanalyze 405 observation values provided in 64 independent research samples from the context of different regions around the world. The study results show that geographical indications not only generate more economic benefits than ordinary products but also contribute to the growth of the agricultural economy by effectively promoting the development of agricultural product trade and the enhancement of agricultural product price. There exists a low positive correlation between the geographical indication products and the agricultural economy (r = 0.176, 95% CI = [0.126, 0.225]). In addition, the promotion effect of geographical indication products on the agricultural economy is regulated by the country of origin of the samples, sample level, publication journal, data type, data acquisition approach, and research method. Our research findings further revealed the internal relationship mechanism between the geographical indication products and the agricultural economy and lay a foundation for better protecting and developing geographical indication products.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future of Agriculture and Rural Regions from a Perspective of Sustainable Development)
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Compensation Admittance Load Flow: A Computational Tool for the Sustainability of the Electrical Grid
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14427; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914427 - 02 Oct 2023
Abstract
Compensation Admittance Load Flow (CALF) is a power flow analysis method that was developed to enhance the sustainability of the power grid. This method has been widely used in power system planning and operation, as it provides an accurate representation of the power
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Compensation Admittance Load Flow (CALF) is a power flow analysis method that was developed to enhance the sustainability of the power grid. This method has been widely used in power system planning and operation, as it provides an accurate representation of the power system and its behavior under different operating conditions. By providing a more accurate representation of the power system, it can help identify potential problems and improve the overall performance of the grid. This paper proposes a new approach to the load flow (LF) problem by introducing a linear and iterative method of solving LF equations. The aim is to obtain fast results for calculating nodal voltages while maintaining high accuracy. The proposed CALF method is fast and accurate and is suitable for the iterative calculations required by large energy utilities to solve the problem of quantifying the maximum grid acceptance capacity of new energy from renewable sources and new loads, known as hosting capacity (HC) and load capacity (LC), respectively. Speed and accuracy are achieved through a properly designed linearization of the optimization problem, which introduces the concept of compensation admittance at the node. The proposed method was validated by comparing the results obtained with those coming from state-of-the-art methods.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancement of Reliability and Sustainability in Electric Power Systems)
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Improving the Resilience of the Road Network in Algeria: A Comparative Analysis of Flexible, Geosynthetically Reinforced, and Rigid Pavements
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14426; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914426 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
Despite subsequent strengthening measures, pavements constructed in Algeria suffer rapid deterioration soon after completion, with continued decline in some cases. Various factors contribute to this problem, including cost and availability of materials, build quality, and environmental conditions. The entire Algerian road network is
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Despite subsequent strengthening measures, pavements constructed in Algeria suffer rapid deterioration soon after completion, with continued decline in some cases. Various factors contribute to this problem, including cost and availability of materials, build quality, and environmental conditions. The entire Algerian road network is based on flexible and semi-rigid pavements. This study explores pavement structures using numerical predictive models to advance our understanding of road construction and maintenance. Using Abaqus 2022 finite element analysis software, we consider three scenarios: a simple pavement, a pavement reinforced with geosynthetics, and a rigid pavement. We compare the results concerning the vertical stresses, interface stresses, and vertical displacements at the level of the critical pavement sections. The aim of this research was to achieve behavior in flexible pavement similar to that of rigid pavement through the study of the reinforcement effect of flexible pavements with geogrids. The layers were treated as elastic, and a finite element analysis was conducted for various geogrid stiffness values (geogrid/soil stiffness ratios ranging from 1 to 50). The model enabled us to select the geogrid with the appropriate stiffness for each soil stiffness. The main conclusions are presented and discussed in depth, with the results confirming that rigid pavements offer greater strength and better durability. We then provide convincing evidence that the performance characteristics of rigid pavements can be obtained for flexible pavements by integrating a geogrid reinforcement system. This system is based on the choice of the stiffness ratio of the supporting soil and the rigidity of the geogrid. This option allows the state of the supporting soil to be accepted as it is and for intervention to target in the composite soil–geogrid rigidity.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pavement Structures and Civil Engineering for Sustainability)
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Open AccessArticle
Exploring Fresh and Hardened Properties of Sustainable 3D-Printed Lightweight Cementitious Mixtures
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14425; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914425 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
This study investigates using lightweight concrete in 3D printing to reduce transportation costs and maintain structural strength. Normal-weight river (RS) sand was replaced with pumice and expanded glass at 50% and 100% volumes to decrease the material density. This substitution reduced the weight
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This study investigates using lightweight concrete in 3D printing to reduce transportation costs and maintain structural strength. Normal-weight river (RS) sand was replaced with pumice and expanded glass at 50% and 100% volumes to decrease the material density. This substitution reduced the weight of various mixes up to 25.1%, with apparent porosity ranging from 11.37% to 27.9%. This study found that aggregate characteristics, including the shape, size, and absorption capacity, influenced printability. Rounded aggregates like expanded glass flowed better and required less water than irregular pumice. Lightweight aggregates had finer textures and higher porosity, needing more water. According to the extrudability results, the best print quality was achieved using 100% expanded glass, incorporating methylcellulose (MC) and polyethylene (PE) fibers. Moreover, the buildability outcomes highlighted a reliance on the printing speed and the water-to-binder (W/B) ratio. Comparing cast and 3D printed specimens, cast concrete reached a maximum compressive strength of 65.6 MPa, while 3D printed concrete achieved a maximum strength of 43.4 MPa. RS had the highest strength (65.6 MPa), while expanded glass showed the lowest (17.5 MPa) in both cast and 3D printed specimens. Adding PE and MC enhanced the print quality and increased the compressive strength due to the fibers’ bridging capacity.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials in Civil Infrastructure Systems)
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Promoting Sustainable Marine Development: Geotechnical Engineering Problems and Environmental Guarantee Technology in Marine Space, Energy, and Resource Development
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14424; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914424 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
To coordinate the conflict between economic development and climate change caused by energy consumption, countries worldwide are actively developing renewable energy, including solar energy, hydropower, and wind energy [...]
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Sustainable Marine Development: Geotechnical Engineering Problems and Environmental Guarantee Technology in Marine Space, Energy and Resource Development)
Open AccessArticle
Measurement of CO2 Emissions Efficiency and Analysis of Influencing Factors of the Logistics Industry in Nine Coastal Provinces of China
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14423; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914423 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
The surge in CO2 emissions affects global climate change and the development of society. The logistics industry, being a swiftly advancing industry, demonstrates an escalating trend in CO2 emissions. Therefore, this paper selects the more developed coastal provinces (districts) in China’s
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The surge in CO2 emissions affects global climate change and the development of society. The logistics industry, being a swiftly advancing industry, demonstrates an escalating trend in CO2 emissions. Therefore, this paper selects the more developed coastal provinces (districts) in China’s logistics industry and takes 2011–2020 as the research period. Using the Super-SBM model and the Malmquist index model, the article analyzes the changes in the carbon emission efficiency of the logistics industry from the static and dynamic perspectives and then explores the factors affecting it using the panel model and the mediating effect model. Findings from research indicate that: (1) The CO2 emission efficiency of the logistics industry is generally moderate when viewed from a static perspective. (2) Taking a dynamic viewpoint, there is a slight declining trend in the overall CO2 emission efficiency. (3) As environmental regulations become more stringent, the CO2 emission efficiency follows the “U”-shaped pattern, initially declining and then rising. Environmental regulations can influence CO2 emission efficiency by affecting technological innovation. Additionally, energy efficiency plays a positive role in promoting CO2 emission efficiency. Recommendations: Implement differentiated environmental regulations tailored to local conditions. Emphasize technological innovations. Enhance the energy efficiency.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Economy, Resource Efficiency and Sustainable Development)
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Greening Foundation Industries: Shared Processes and Sustainable Pathways
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14422; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914422 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
Foundation industries, encompassing metals, ceramics, cement, paper, chemicals, and glass, play a vital role in driving industrial economies. Despite their pivotal role, a comprehensive understanding of shared processes and their impact on resource utilisation remains elusive. This study employs a novel approach, leveraging
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Foundation industries, encompassing metals, ceramics, cement, paper, chemicals, and glass, play a vital role in driving industrial economies. Despite their pivotal role, a comprehensive understanding of shared processes and their impact on resource utilisation remains elusive. This study employs a novel approach, leveraging an adapted Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM), to unveil the core processes commonly utilised among these industries. These processes are then evaluated based on their influence on energy consumption and CO2 emission. The investigation revealed 18 common processes categorised by their processing principles, their expected outcomes, and the equipment used. Remarkably, these processes emerge as significant contributors to both energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Notably, pyroprocessing emerged as a prevalent practice in five out of the six sectors, while the production of dried products and crushers and mills were the most frequently encountered outcomes and equipment used, respectively. This paper discusses the implications of these findings for foundation industries, emphasising potential areas for enhancing manufacturing operations to reduce environmental damage and facilitate knowledge transfer among the various sectors. Furthermore, the study identifies shared abatement options that can be collectively implemented across industries to achieve more substantial reductions in environmental footprint. By identifying and prioritising the most impactful processes in foundation industries, this study provides a strategic footing for advancing sustainable and efficient manufacturing practices within these critical sectors.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantitative Methods for Sustainable Product Development)
Open AccessArticle
Modeling the Hydraulic Performance of Pilot Green Roofs Using the Storm Water Management Model: How Important Is Calibration?
by
, , , and
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14421; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914421 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
Green roofs are low-impact development (LID) that assist in regulating stormwater runoff by reducing the peak flow rate and total runoff volume, among other benefits. In this study, the hydraulic performance of green roofs was modeled using the SWMM 5.2 software, taking field
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Green roofs are low-impact development (LID) that assist in regulating stormwater runoff by reducing the peak flow rate and total runoff volume, among other benefits. In this study, the hydraulic performance of green roofs was modeled using the SWMM 5.2 software, taking field data into account for calibration purposes. A Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was built using field data from pilot green roofs installed at the Instituto Superior Técnico Campus, University of Lisbon, Portugal. The simulated results with and without calibration were compared, as well as the results obtained in the field studies. The results from the uncalibrated model were unsatisfactory. After calibration, the average Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) was 0.72, and the volume error was 5.9%, with most of the results classified as very good and good. This study shows relevant insights on the use of the SWMM to model green roofs, demonstrating the crucial importance of the calibration process for the correct prediction of hydraulic performance and indicating the porosity parameter as one of the most sensitive to the results. In addition, it provides estimates of LID parameters that can help in the development of projects carried out in the Mediterranean climate.
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(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
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What Affects the Depth of the Human–Garden Relationship in Freely Accessible Urban Sensory Gardens with Therapeutic Features in Various Users?
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14420; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914420 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
A human being comes into contact with the environment through the senses. That is why in the space of cities, where various intense stimuli negatively affect the living of people, there is important greenery that has a positive impact. Significant types of gardens
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A human being comes into contact with the environment through the senses. That is why in the space of cities, where various intense stimuli negatively affect the living of people, there is important greenery that has a positive impact. Significant types of gardens within urban green areas are sensory gardens. In our article, we intended to answer the question of what specifically affects the formation of deeper human–garden relations in urban, publicly accessible gardens designed to have a sensory impact. Our research was conducted mainly in Poland. We used a method of assessing the behavior of garden visitors, using a five-point scale. We found that the existence of specific interiors in gardens that have been designed in such a way as to stimulate two to three selected senses, which we call the leading senses, can create an environment that allows for deeper relationships with the garden. We also concluded that when designing a public sensory garden, adaptation to specific user groups is one of the most important guidelines. A deeper contact with the sensory garden for people visiting a city, e.g., tourists, may occur especially when there is a positive surprise or when an additional need of this group is met in the garden. Sensory gardens, although they are a relatively new type of urban greenery, can become a permanent element of cities if they are carefully designed and meet the expectations of their recipients.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resilient Cultural Landscapes—Methods, Applications and Patterns)
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Determinants of Management Accounting Application Use in Vietnamese Telecommunications Companies: The Moderating Role of Organisational Culture
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14419; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914419 - 01 Oct 2023
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This study aims to investigate the effects of the determinants of management accounting application use in the telecommunications industry whilst considering the moderating role of organisational culture. The determinants examined in this study were company size, business strategy, accountants’ qualifications, market competition and
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This study aims to investigate the effects of the determinants of management accounting application use in the telecommunications industry whilst considering the moderating role of organisational culture. The determinants examined in this study were company size, business strategy, accountants’ qualifications, market competition and managers’ awareness. Survey questionnaires were distributed to telecommunications companies in Vietnam, which resulted in a dataset of 146 respondents from 164 Vietnamese telecommunications companies and a response rate of 89%. The target respondents were directors, vice directors, managers and chief accountants. The questionnaires were distributed to each company, and the collected data were processed using Microsoft Excel and analysed for conformity using SPSS and Smart-PLS. Path analysis, specifically, structural equation modelling with partial least squares structural equation modelling, was conducted. The findings indicated that all the determinants except company size positively impacted management accounting application use. However, in the presence of organisational culture, company size did positively influence management accounting application use. Moreover, organisational culture enhanced the influence of managers’ awareness on management accounting application use in the Vietnamese telecommunications companies. This research can deepen our understanding of the determinants of management accounting application use and moderating role of organisational culture in the context of the telecommunications industry. The findings can provide empirical evidence to managers of Vietnamese telecommunications companies seeking to enhance the performance of their organisation.
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Mohr–Coulomb and Modified Hoek–Brown Strength Criteria of Layered Sandstone Considering the Unloading Effect and Anisotropy
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14418; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914418 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
The Mohr–Coulomb (M-C) and Hoek–Brown (H-B) strength criteria are widely used in various engineering fields, such as mining engineering, tunnel engineering and so on. To investigate the M-C and H-B strength criteria considering the unloading effect and anisotropy, series of triaxial loading (unloading)
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The Mohr–Coulomb (M-C) and Hoek–Brown (H-B) strength criteria are widely used in various engineering fields, such as mining engineering, tunnel engineering and so on. To investigate the M-C and H-B strength criteria considering the unloading effect and anisotropy, series of triaxial loading (unloading) tests on layered sandstone were conducted. The results revealed that the peak strength was significantly affected by the unloading effect. Moreover, the cohesion and internal friction angle had a significant nonlinear relationship with the bedding angle. Additionally, the M-C and modified H-B strength criteria were established considering the unloading effect and anisotropy. Then, according to the strength criteria established, the peak strength could be estimated theoretically. Furthermore, compared to the M-C strength criteria, the modified H-B strength criteria were more appropriate for accurately estimating the triaxial compressive strength of layered sandstones. The conclusions obtained could provide certain references for the stability control of deep excavation engineering.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Trends of Sustainable Rock Engineering)
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Biohythane Production from Domestic Wastewater Sludge and Cow Dung Mixture Using Two-Step Anaerobic Fermentation Process
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14417; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914417 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
The current study explored bioenergy, particularly biohythane (a combination of biohydrogen (bioH2) and biomethane (bioCH4)), production from cow dung and untreated domestic wastewater sludge to valorize the waste into a value-added product. The experimental study consisted of a two-step
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The current study explored bioenergy, particularly biohythane (a combination of biohydrogen (bioH2) and biomethane (bioCH4)), production from cow dung and untreated domestic wastewater sludge to valorize the waste into a value-added product. The experimental study consisted of a two-step process: dark fermentation (DF) and anaerobic digestion (AD) with a range of processing conditions varying the temperature and pH (acidic, neutral, and basic). The study maintained thermophilic conditions (55 °C) for bioH2 production and mesophilic conditions (35 °C) for bioCH4 production. The highest yields of bioH2 and bioCH4 were obtained at a pH of 5.5 (108.04 mL H2/g VS) and a pH of 7.5 (768.54 mL CH4/g VS), respectively. Microorganisms, such as Lactobacillus brevis and Clostridium butyricum, in the wastewater sludge accelerated the conversion reaction resulting in the highest bioH2 yield for an acidic environment, while Clostridium and Bacilli enhanced bioCH4 yield in basic conditions. The maximum cumulative yield of biohythane was obtained under basic pH conditions (pH 7.5) through DF and AD, resulting in 811.12 mL/g VS and a higher volumetric energy density of 3.316 MJ/L as compared to other reaction conditions. The experimental data were modelled using a modified Gompertz’s model at a 95% confidence interval and showed the best-fitting data from experimental and simulation results for biohythane production. The regression coefficient R2 value was highly significant at 0.995 and 0.992 for bioH2 and bioCH4 with the change in pH during biohythane production. Thus, this study presented an effective pathway to utilize untreated domestic wastewater sludge as an inoculum, showcasing the potential of biohythane production and the generation of valuable metabolic end-products across a broad range of pH conditions.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anaerobic Digestion and Sustainable Integrated Biorefinery)
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Navigating the Post-Pandemic Era: The Mediating Role of Relationship Quality and Perceived Value on Cruise Passengers’ E-WOM in Taiwan
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14416; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914416 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
Prompted by the severe effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Taiwan’s cruise industry, this research aims to explore the potential role of corporate social responsibility (CSR), relationship quality (RQ), and perceived value (PV) in reviving cruise tourism. The central research question focuses on
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Prompted by the severe effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Taiwan’s cruise industry, this research aims to explore the potential role of corporate social responsibility (CSR), relationship quality (RQ), and perceived value (PV) in reviving cruise tourism. The central research question focuses on how these constructs motivate Taiwanese passengers’ engagement in cruise tourism and shape their electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM) behavior in the post-pandemic era. Therefore, a comprehensive theoretical model was proposed to evaluate cruise operators’ relationship-building strategies. The research method involved a convenience sampling approach to gather a robust dataset of 566 valid responses from a questionnaire survey. The data were rigorously analyzed using statistical software, SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0, via the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The findings reveal that CSR and RQ substantially impact customers’ E-WOM and identified PV and RQ as salient mediators between CSR and E-WOM. In conclusion, this research enriches our understanding of the recovering cruise industry’s operation model in the post-pandemic phase. It provides academically grounded insights into how enhanced relationship building, CSR, and PV generation can enable cruise operators to influence E-WOM behavior positively.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Economic, Social, and Environmental Sustainability in the Post COVID-19 World)
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An Exploration of the Extent of Monitoring and Evaluation of Sustainable Construction in Kenya: A Landscape Architecture Perspective
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14415; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914415 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
The practice of landscape architecture in Kenya is growing alongside the country’s construction industry, which is currently experiencing exponential growth in tandem with construction trends globally. With the growth in the industry, there has been significant growth in the economy, high consumption of
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The practice of landscape architecture in Kenya is growing alongside the country’s construction industry, which is currently experiencing exponential growth in tandem with construction trends globally. With the growth in the industry, there has been significant growth in the economy, high consumption of natural resources, a 50% increased contribution to the world’s landfill waste, and pollution of the adjacent environment. These have given rise to high pressure to adopt environmentally sensitive approaches in the construction industry to achieve competitive advantage. It is therefore crucial to address the need for sustainability measures for landscape architecture projects to increase knowledge and awareness, create incentives geared toward supporting sustainable practices, and leverage legal instruments and policies. The aim of this study was to identify the barriers to the adoption of and improvement in the monitoring and evaluation of sustainable practices in landscape architecture in Kenya that prevent the industry from achieving sustainability. The objective of this research was to critically analyze the many challenges and barriers to the achievement of sustainability in the Kenyan construction industry with a focus on landscape architecture practices. It also examined the overall extent of the adoption, monitoring, and evaluation of sustainability, and possible solutions were proposed for the management of and reduction in said barriers. The study was carried out through extensive research of secondary data sources on the average level of knowledge and technical know-how of sustainable construction, the level of perception of compliance, the average cost of construction vis à vis sustainable construction, and the level of sustainability in the construction sector in Kenya. The collected data were analyzed empirically and, through the use of descriptive statistics and findings, the data were discussed. The preliminary findings from this study indicate that there is an overall poor attitude toward M&E of sustainability in Kenya, indicating the need to further improve processes.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Assessment and Management for Sustainable Development)
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An Eco-Innovative Green Design Method using the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving and Importance–Performance Analysis Tools—A Case Study of Marker Pen Manufacturing
by
, , , , , , , and
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14414; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914414 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
This study explores innovative designs for the cap of a marker pen, aiming to address the issues of cap loss and ink evaporation during marker pen usage. This study applies intrinsic safety, universal design and TRIZ as research methods. TRIZ has great potential
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This study explores innovative designs for the cap of a marker pen, aiming to address the issues of cap loss and ink evaporation during marker pen usage. This study applies intrinsic safety, universal design and TRIZ as research methods. TRIZ has great potential to address most of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) relevant to conflict-oriented problem solving for innovations. The principles of simplification, foolproof design, clarity of states, and tolerance from intrinsic safety were applied to prevent cap loss and minimize the risks associated with ink evaporation. The TRIZ methodology’s contradiction matrix was utilized to identify relevant inventive principles by improving parameters and avoiding worsening parameters, providing a reference basis for product structure design. Lastly, the principles of equitable use, simplicity, intuitiveness, and effortless design from universal design were employed to enhance the marker pen’s usability for the general public. This study creates a SERVQUAL questionnaire to compare the prototype of the designed pen cap with commercially available pen caps. It utilizes the two-dimensional quality model (Kano model) and Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) for practical design analysis. Finally, the prototype structure is visualized using graphic software. The innovative design features of this study include the following. (1) Concealable pen tip: the sliding seal hides the pen tip inside the pen body when the pen core is slid upwards, preventing cap loss and ink drying. (2) Quick retractable function: using a pressing mechanism, the pen tip can be quickly retracted with a one-handed press and slide motion. (3) Replaceable pen core: the pen core can be replaced by disassembling the pen body, removing the old pen core, and inserting a new one, thereby extending the pen’s lifespan. (4) Satisfaction evaluation of the innovative pen cap design: through questionnaire surveys and cross-analysis using the IPA and the Kano model, this study assesses the product’s manufacturing and mass production value to reduce actual product development costs and time.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Design and Manufacturing Strategies)
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Material Tradeoff of Rotor Architecture for Lightweight Low-Loss Cost-Effective Sustainable Electric Drivetrains
by
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14413; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914413 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
The art of the successful design of high-speed electrical machines comes with many challenges in the mass, size, reliability, and energy efficiency. Material engineering of electrical machines has been identified as a key solution for higher power dense electric drivetrains. One of the
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The art of the successful design of high-speed electrical machines comes with many challenges in the mass, size, reliability, and energy efficiency. Material engineering of electrical machines has been identified as a key solution for higher power dense electric drivetrains. One of the main challenges at high speed is the eddy-current losses in the active electromagnetic parts, especially magnetic materials and permanent magnets (PMs). This study is devoted to the selection of PM rotor materials using multidisciplinary design optimization for a high-speed electric drivetrain. Beside AC loss minimization, more disciplines are considered, such as the minimization of weight, and cost. Different laminations are investigated with different magnetic properties as well as cost. Additionally, different PMs are optimized considering low-cost ferrite and high-coercivity permanent magnets (HCPMs). Moreover, the optimal materials are identified which have the best balance between loss, weight, cost, ripples. Finally, different rotor designs are prototyped, assembled, and tested using the same stator configuration. Also, the best rotor design is selected, and the electromagnetic performance is measured and compared with conventional designs. The optimal design results in 8% extra torque with at least 20% weight reduction.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation and Control of Flexible Resources in Resilient and Sustainable Power Systems)
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Open AccessArticle
Breaking Triopoly to Achieve Sustainable Smart Digital Infrastructure Based on Open-Source Diffusion Using Government–Platform–User Evolutionary Game
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14412; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914412 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
Technological innovations, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning, have facilitated the emergence of autonomous systems, promoting triple bottom line (TBL) sustainability. However, the prevalent triopoly of Android, iOS, and Windows introduces substantial obstacles for smart device manufacturers in pursuit of
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Technological innovations, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning, have facilitated the emergence of autonomous systems, promoting triple bottom line (TBL) sustainability. However, the prevalent triopoly of Android, iOS, and Windows introduces substantial obstacles for smart device manufacturers in pursuit of independent innovation. This research endeavors to elucidate how open-source operating systems can counteract this triopoly and catalyze sustainable digital development. Utilizing evolutionary game theory, we scrutinize the interplay among governments, platforms, and users in championing open-source diffusion. Our analysis unveils two potent evolutionary strategies—incentivized engagement and disengagement—that notably expedite open-source diffusion and attenuate software supply chain risks affiliated with the Android–iOS–Windows triopoly (results). Consequently, this research highlights the critical role of augmenting stakeholder collaboration and bolstering platform reputation in propelling open-source diffusion, thereby providing valuable theoretical insights and practical guidance for the sustainable advancement of smart digital infrastructure.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Technologies for Sustainable Urban and Regional Development)
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Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner) Endosperm as an Alternative Protein Source for a Sustainable Food System (SFS)—Pilot Studies
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14411; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914411 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
Milk thistle is a plant that perfectly meets the needs of sustainable agriculture. Despite their high protein content, the seeds and endosperm of S. marianum have not been considered as raw food material so far. Therefore, the work aimed to characterize milk thistle
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Milk thistle is a plant that perfectly meets the needs of sustainable agriculture. Despite their high protein content, the seeds and endosperm of S. marianum have not been considered as raw food material so far. Therefore, the work aimed to characterize milk thistle endosperm in terms of its possible use in producing novel food. The nutritional and energy value of the raw material, profile of amino acids), fatty acids, and health quality indices of lipids were characterized. The main components of milk thistle endosperm (MTE) were protein (>20% dry matter (DM)), fat (>39% DM), and fiber (>31% DM). MTE protein is characterized by a high content of sulfur, aromatic amino acids, and tryptophan, comparing the FAO/WHO patterns. The PDCAA S (Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score) value for lysine is low but can be higher in combination with other proteins. Milk thistle fat is dominated by unsaturated fatty acids, constituting about 80% of total fatty acids, of which over 56% are polyunsaturated fatty acids. Low values of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices of MTE fat testify to its potentially beneficial properties towards the cardiovascular system.
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(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Food)

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