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Development of DLC-Coated Solid SiAlON/TiN Ceramic End Mills for Nickel Alloy Machining: Problems and Prospects -
Influence of the Thermomechanical Characteristics of Low-Density Polyethylene Substrates on the Thermoresistive Properties of Graphite Nanoplatelet Coatings -
Rust Conversion Performance of Phosphoric Acid-Gallic Acid in Vinyl Chloride Acrylic Emulsion -
Influence of Microdefect Size on Corrosion Behavior of Epoxy-Coated Rebar for Application in Seawater-Mixed Concrete -
Lubrication and Anti-Rust Properties of Jeffamine-Triazole Derivative as Water-Based Lubricant Additive
Journal Description
Coatings
Coatings
is a peer-reviewed journal of coatings and surface engineering published monthly online by MDPI. The Korean Tribology Society (KTS) is affiliated with Coatings and its members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Inspec, CAPlus / SciFinder, and many other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Materials Science, Coatings & Films) / CiteScore - Q2 (Materials Chemistry)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision provided to authors approximately 11.4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.4 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2021).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our authors say about Coatings.
- Sections: published in 13 topical sections.
Impact Factor:
2.881 (2020)
;
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.038 (2020)
Latest Articles
Theoretical Analysis of Si2H6 Adsorption on Hydrogenated Silicon Surfaces for Fast Deposition Using Intermediate Pressure SiH4 Capacitively Coupled Plasma
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1041; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091041 - 29 Aug 2021
Abstract
The rapid and uniform growth of hydrogenated silicon (Si:H) films is essential for the manufacturing of future semiconductor devices; therefore, Si:H films are mainly deposited using SiH4-based plasmas. An increase in the pressure of the mixture gas has been demonstrated to
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The rapid and uniform growth of hydrogenated silicon (Si:H) films is essential for the manufacturing of future semiconductor devices; therefore, Si:H films are mainly deposited using SiH4-based plasmas. An increase in the pressure of the mixture gas has been demonstrated to increase the deposition rate in the SiH4-based plasmas. The fact that SiH4 more efficiently generates Si2H6 at higher gas pressures requires a theoretical investigation of the reactivity of Si2H6 on various surfaces. Therefore, we conducted first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand the surface reactivity of Si2H6 on both hydrogenated (H-covered) Si(001) and Si(111) surfaces. The reactivity of Si2H6 molecules on hydrogenated Si surfaces was more energetically favorable than on clean Si surfaces. We also found that the hydrogenated Si(111) surface is the most efficient surface because the dissociation of Si2H6 on the hydrogenated Si(111) surface are thermodynamically and kinetically more favorable than those on the hydrogenated Si(001) surface. Finally, we simulated the SiH4/He capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) discharges for Si:H films deposition.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification by Plasma-Based Processes)
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Preparation of Graphene Oxide Composites and Assessment of Their Adsorption Properties for Lanthanum (III)
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091040 - 29 Aug 2021
Abstract
In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared using the improved Hummers’ method, and GO was carboxylated and modified into hydroxylated graphene oxide (GOH). Diatomaceous earth (DE), which exhibits stable chemical properties, a large specific surface area, and high porosity, as well as
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In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared using the improved Hummers’ method, and GO was carboxylated and modified into hydroxylated graphene oxide (GOH). Diatomaceous earth (DE), which exhibits stable chemical properties, a large specific surface area, and high porosity, as well as chitosan/magnetic chitosan, was loaded by solution blending. Subsequently, carboxylated graphene oxide/diatomite/chitosan (GOH/DCS) and carboxylated graphene oxide/diatomite/magnetic chitosan (GOH/DMCS) composites were prepared through simple solid–liquid separation. The results showed that the modified GOH/DCS and GOH/DMCS composites could be used to remove lanthanum La(III)), which is a rare earth element. Different factors, such as initial solution concentration, pH of the solution, adsorbent dosage, adsorption contact time, and adsorption reaction temperature, on adsorption, were studied, and the adsorption mechanism was explored. An adsorption–desorption recycling experiment was also used to evaluate the recycling performance of the composite material. The results show that at the initial solution concentration of 50 mg·g−1, pH = 8.0, 3 g·L−1 adsorbent dosage, reaction temperature of 45 °C, and adsorption time of 50 min, the adsorption effect is the best. The adsorption process is more in line with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, and the internal diffusion is not the only controlling effect. The adsorption process is an endothermic and spontaneous chemical adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of GOH/DMCS for La(III) at 308K is 302.51 mg/g through model simulation. After four adsorption–desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity of the GOH/DMCS composite for La(III) initially exceeded 74%. So, GOH/DMCS can be used as a reusable and efficient adsorbent.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Fiber Based Composites II)
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Open AccessArticle
Preparation of Sintered Brick with Aluminum Dross and Optimization of Process Parameters
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1039; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091039 - 29 Aug 2021
Abstract
Aluminum dross is produced in the process of industrial production and regeneration of aluminum. Currently, the main way to deal with aluminum dross is stacking and landfilling, which aggravates environmental pollution and resource waste. In order to find a green and environmental protection
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Aluminum dross is produced in the process of industrial production and regeneration of aluminum. Currently, the main way to deal with aluminum dross is stacking and landfilling, which aggravates environmental pollution and resource waste. In order to find a green and environmental protection method for the comprehensive utilization, the aluminum dross was used as raw materials to prepare sintered brick. Firstly, the raw material ratio, molding pressure and sintering process were determined by single factor test and orthogonal test, and the mechanism of obvious change of mechanical strength of sintered brick was studied by XRD and SEM. The experimental results show that, the optimal formula of sintered brick is 50% aluminum dross, 37.50% engineering soil and 12.50% coal gangue. The optimum process parameters are molding pressure 10 MPa, heating rate 8 °C/ min, sintering temperature 800 °C, holding time 60 min. The samples prepared under the above formula and process parameters present outstanding performance, and the compressive strength, flexural strength and water absorption rate are 16.21 MPa, 3.42 MPa and 17.12% respectively.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Coatings: Invited Papers in "Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification" Section)
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Open AccessArticle
The Dual Character of MAX Phase Nano-Layered Structure Highlighted by Supersonic Particles Deposition
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1038; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091038 - 29 Aug 2021
Abstract
MAX phase compounds offer an attractive mixture of ceramic–metallic properties due to their covalent ionic–metallic nature. Since their discovery, a great interest was attributed to their synthesis and potential applications, but the processing of pure compounds as coatings for industrial large-scale application is
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MAX phase compounds offer an attractive mixture of ceramic–metallic properties due to their covalent ionic–metallic nature. Since their discovery, a great interest was attributed to their synthesis and potential applications, but the processing of pure compounds as coatings for industrial large-scale application is still considered a challenge. To date, a limited number of papers have evaluated the build-up of MAX phase coating by cold spray (CS), a novel cost-effective and productive spray technology used in both areas of research and industry. Employing CS, the hot gas-propelled material particles have ballistic impingement on a substrate where they undergo plastic deformation. Because of the brittleness, internal delamination, and limited deformability, the deposition of the pure MAX phase is rather challenging. This paper presents the building-up ability of dense MAX-phase coatings by CS with retained structures and compositions, in close relation with the substrate characteristics and phase composition that influences the dual character ceramic–metallic behaviour. Besides recent literature, the originality of this research consists of pioneering deposition of Ti3AlC2 that emphasizes the ceramic–metallic character influenced by the particle speed and the mechanical properties of both substrate and compound.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Spray Coatings)
Open AccessArticle
Investigations on the Interaction of EDTA with Calcium Silicate Hydrate and Its Impact on the U(VI) Sorption
by
and
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1037; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091037 - 28 Aug 2021
Abstract
The interaction of EDTA with calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and its impact on the sorption of U(VI) by C-S-H in the presence of EDTA at varying concentrations has been investigated under N2 and ambient atmosphere. The solid phase characterization was performed by
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The interaction of EDTA with calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and its impact on the sorption of U(VI) by C-S-H in the presence of EDTA at varying concentrations has been investigated under N2 and ambient atmosphere. The solid phase characterization was performed by FTIR, XRD and TGA measurements and the uranium concentration in solution has been determined by alpha-spectroscopy. At increased EDTA concentrations ([EDTA] > 0.1 M) calcium is complexed and extensively extracted from the solid resulting in a quantitative dissolution of the Ca(OH)2 phase and deterioration of C-S-H. At lower EDTA concentrations ([EDTA] ≤ 0.01 M), EDTA is sorbed into the solid phase and the associated adsorption capacity (qmax = 0.67 mol/kg) has been evaluated by fitting the corresponding data with the Langmuir isotherm model. The incorporation of EDTA in the C-S-H matrix was corroborated by FTIR, XRD and TGA measurements. Regarding the effect of EDTA on the U(VI) sorption by C-S-H, evaluation of the experimental data reveal a significant decrease of the Kd values in the presence of EDTA most probably due to the stabilization of U(VI) in the form of U(VI)-EDTA complexes in solution. Under ambient conditions a further decrease of the Kd values is observed because of the formation of U(VI)-carbonato complexes related to CO2 dissolution and hydrolysis.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress on the Interaction of Metal Ions with Colloids and Surfaces)
Open AccessArticle
Influence of Coarse Aggregate Type on the Mechanical Strengths and Durability of Cement Concrete
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1036; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091036 - 28 Aug 2021
Abstract
In this paper, the influence of coarse aggregate on the slump flow and the following mechanical strengths (flexural and compressive strengths), the shrinkage rate, the chloride penetration resistance, and the freeze–thaw resistance were investigated. Water–binder ratios in this study were 0.22, 0.30, 0.34,
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In this paper, the influence of coarse aggregate on the slump flow and the following mechanical strengths (flexural and compressive strengths), the shrinkage rate, the chloride penetration resistance, and the freeze–thaw resistance were investigated. Water–binder ratios in this study were 0.22, 0.30, 0.34, and 0.45. Sand ratio in this study was 0.45. All samples were cured for 7 d, 14 d, 28 d, and 56 d, respectively. Results indicated that the fluidity of cement concrete with different coarse aggregate increased in this order: gneiss < limestone < basalt < diabase. The mechanical strengths and shrinkage rate increased obviously with the increasing curing age when the curing age ranged from 7 days to 28 days. However, the mechanical strengths and shrinkage rate trended to a stable value when the increasing curing age increased from 28 days to 56 days. The mechanical strengths with different coarse aggregate increased in this order: diabase < basalt < limestone < gneiss. Meanwhile, the shrinkage rate demonstrated this trend of development: diabase < basalt < limestone < gneiss. The resistance to freeze–thaw cycles of cement concrete decreased with the increasing water–binder ratio. Meanwhile, the resistance to freeze–thaw cycles was closely related to the types of coarse aggregate.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interface and Surface Modification for Durable Concretes)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Role of Stem Cells in Augmenting Dental Implant Osseointegration: A Systematic Review
by
, , , , , , , , , and
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1035; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091035 - 27 Aug 2021
Abstract
Dental implants are a widely used treatment modality for oral rehabilitation. Implant failures can be a result of many factors, with poor osseointegration being the main culprit. The present systematic review aimed to assess the effect of stem cells on the osseointegration of
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Dental implants are a widely used treatment modality for oral rehabilitation. Implant failures can be a result of many factors, with poor osseointegration being the main culprit. The present systematic review aimed to assess the effect of stem cells on the osseointegration of dental implants. An electronic search of the MEDLINE, LILACS, and EMBASE databases was conducted. We examined quantitative preclinical studies that reported on the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on bone healing after implant insertion. Eighteen studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. Various surface modification strategies, sites of placement, and cell origins were analyzed. The majority of the selected studies showed a high risk of bias, indicating that caution must be exercised in their interpretation. All the included studies reported that the stem cells used with graft material and scaffolds promoted osseointegration with higher levels of new bone formation. The mesenchymal cells attached to the implant surface facilitated the expression of bio-functionalized biomaterial surfaces, to boost bone formation and osseointegration at the bone–implant interfaces. There was a promotion of osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal cells and osseointegration of biomaterial implants, both in vitro and in vivo. These results highlight the significance of biomodified implant surfaces that can enhance osseointegration. These innovations can improve the stability and success rate of the implants used for oral rehabilitation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification of Medical Implants)
Open AccessArticle
Microstructure, Microhardness, Fracture Toughness, and Abrasive Wear of In-Situ Synthesized TiC/Ti-Al Composite Coatings by Cold Spraying Combined with Heat Treatment
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1034; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091034 - 27 Aug 2021
Abstract
TiAl intermetallic compounds, as a new kind of high-performance light-weight structural material, are widely applied in many fields. Titanium carbide (TiC) as the reinforcing phase could improve the mechanical properties, wear resistance, and heat-resistance stability of TiAl intermetallic compounds. Ti(Al, C) mixture powders
[...] Read more.
TiAl intermetallic compounds, as a new kind of high-performance light-weight structural material, are widely applied in many fields. Titanium carbide (TiC) as the reinforcing phase could improve the mechanical properties, wear resistance, and heat-resistance stability of TiAl intermetallic compounds. Ti(Al, C) mixture powders were deposited by cold spraying at gas temperature of 250 °C, 450 °C, and 550 °C. Then, Ti(Al, C) coatings were annealed at temperatures of 650 °C for different times and following holding at 1100 °C for 3 h. The microstructure, microhardness, fracture toughness, and abrasive wear of Ti-Al composite coatings were investigated. The research results were that the particle size of mixture powders decreased as the ball milling time prolonging. Ti(Al) solid solution appeared in the mixture powders as the milling time increased to 30 h. The average porosity of the coating sprayed at 550 °C was the lowest (0.85%). The as-sprayed coatings exhibited the same phase compositions with the mixture powders. The coating sprayed at gas temperature of 550 °C has the highest microhardness and the lowest weight loss. Ti-Al intermetallic was in-situ synthesized after annealing at 650 °C. The average porosity of the annealed coating (sprayed at 450 °C) was the lowest. The content of Ti-Al intermetallic compounds of the annealed coating sprayed at 450 °C is the highest. The X-ray diffraction( XRD) analysis results are consistent with the EDS analysis of the annealed coatings after annealing at 650 °C. Ti-Al intermetallic compounds were almost completely formed in the three kinds of the coatings after annealing at 650 °C for 20 h and following holding at 1100 °C for 3 h. TiAl and TiAl3 intermetallic phases were in-situ synthesized in the coatings based on the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and XRD analysis. TiC was also in situ synthesized in the coatings as the annealing temperature increased to 1100 °C. The annealed coating (sprayed at 450 °C) has the highest microhardness, fracture toughness, and wear resistance properties after annealing at 1100 °C for 3 h.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction, Wear Properties and Applications of Coatings)
Open AccessArticle
Impact of Tungsten Incorporation on the Tribomechanical Behavior of AlCrWxSiN Films at Room and Elevated Temperature
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091033 - 27 Aug 2021
Abstract
AlCrWxSiN thin films (0 ≤ x ≤ 17.1 at.%) were synthesized by means of a hybrid magnetron sputtering process, merging direct current (DC) as well as tungsten high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) supplies. The influences of increasing the tungsten contents
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AlCrWxSiN thin films (0 ≤ x ≤ 17.1 at.%) were synthesized by means of a hybrid magnetron sputtering process, merging direct current (DC) as well as tungsten high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) supplies. The influences of increasing the tungsten contents on the structural as well as the friction and wear behavior at room and high temperatures (500 °C) were elaborated. As a reference, a W61.4N38.6 system served to analyze synergetic effects on the oxidation behavior. Increased tungsten contents in AlCrWxSiN resulted in more distinctive (200)-, (202)-, and (311)- crystal orientations. A W/Cr ratio of ~1 could be correlated with a denser film growth, the highest hardness (24.3 ± 0.7 GPa), and a significantly decreased wear coefficient (<0.3 × 10−5 mm3/Nm). Tribological tests performed at room temperature revealed that the coefficient of friction decreased with higher tungsten contents to µ~0.35. In contrast, at elevated temperatures, the coefficient of friction increased with higher W concentrations due to spotty oxidations in the wear track, which resulted in a locally increased surface roughness. Finally, a phase transformation of the WN film to m-WO3 did not contribute to a friction reduction at 500 °C.
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(This article belongs to the Section Tribology)
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Open AccessArticle
Numerical Approximation of Microorganisms Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Induced by a Wavy Fluctuating Spinning Disc
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1032; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091032 (registering DOI) - 27 Aug 2021
Abstract
The analysis explored a numerical simulation of microorganisms, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ferric oxide water-based hybrid nanofluid flow induced by a wavy fluctuating spinning disc with energy propagation. In the presence of CNTs and magnetic nanoparticulates, the nanofluid is synthesized. The exceptional tensile
[...] Read more.
The analysis explored a numerical simulation of microorganisms, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ferric oxide water-based hybrid nanofluid flow induced by a wavy fluctuating spinning disc with energy propagation. In the presence of CNTs and magnetic nanoparticulates, the nanofluid is synthesized. The exceptional tensile strength, flexibility, and electrical and thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes and iron nanoparticles have been extensively reported. The motive of the proposed analysis is to optimize thermal energy conveyance efficiency for a spectrum of industrial and biomedical applications. The phenomena have been expressed as a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) which contain the momentum, energy, concentration, and motile microorganism equations. The modeled equations have been diminished to the dimensionless system of nonlinear ODEs through a similarity framework. The Matlab built-in package boundary value solver has been utilized to solve the obtained system of ODEs. The findings are compared to the PCM technique for validity purposes. The results are illustrated graphically and discussed. The layout of a rotating disc has a positive effect on energy transition and velocity profile. The irregular rotating surface increases energy progression up to 15% relative to a smooth surface. The accumulation of nanocomposites (CNTs and magnetic nanoparticles) significantly enhanced the thermal capabilities of the liquid medium. When operating with a low distribution, it is more impactful.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanofluidics: Interfacial Transport Phenomena)
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Open AccessEditorial
Special Issue “Natural Fiber Based Composites”
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1031; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091031 - 27 Aug 2021
Abstract
In the last twenty years, the use of cellulosic and lignocellulosic agricultural by-products for composite applications has been of great interest, especially for reinforcing matrices [...]
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Fiber Based Composites)
Open AccessArticle
A Novel Processing for CNT-Reinforced Mg-Matrix Laminated Composites to Enhance the Electromagnetic Shielding Property
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1030; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091030 - 27 Aug 2021
Abstract
The microstructure, electrical conductivity, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of CNTs/Mg Matrix composites prepared by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) were systematically investigated to understand the effects of CNTs on the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness property of magnesium. A model based on
[...] Read more.
The microstructure, electrical conductivity, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of CNTs/Mg Matrix composites prepared by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) were systematically investigated to understand the effects of CNTs on the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness property of magnesium. A model based on the shielding of the electromagnetic plane wave was used to theoretically discuss the EMI shielding mechanisms of ARB-processed composites. The experimental results indicated that the methods were feasible to prepare laminated composites. The SE of the material increased gradually with the increase of electrophoretic deposition time. When the electrophoretic deposition time reached 8 min, the value of SE remained 87–95 dB in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz. The increase in SE was mainly attributed to the improvement in the reflection and multiple reflection losses of incident electromagnetic wave due to the increased amounts of CNTs and interfaces. The methods provided an efficient strategy to produce laminated metal matrix composites with high electromagnetic shielding properties.
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Open AccessArticle
High-Temperature Dielectric and Microwave Absorption Property of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Al2O3-MoSi2-Cu Composite Coating
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091029 - 27 Aug 2021
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Al2O3-MoSi2 coating has excellent high-temperature stability. On this basis, Al2O3-MoSi2-Cu composite high-temperature absorbing coating was prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying method. The phase transition characteristics of Al2O3-MoSi2
[...] Read more.
Al2O3-MoSi2 coating has excellent high-temperature stability. On this basis, Al2O3-MoSi2-Cu composite high-temperature absorbing coating was prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying method. The phase transition characteristics of Al2O3-MoSi2-Cu spraying feedstock under high temperatures were analyzed by thermogravimetric test, the phase analysis of coating was performed by an in situ XRD test at different temperatures, and the microstructure of the coating was characterized by SEM. The test results of high-temperature microwave absorption performance show that, in high-temperature air atmosphere, the Cu in the coating is gradually transformed into Cu2O by oxygen atom diffusion, and the microwave absorption performance of the coating gradually increases with the increase in temperature. The 1.7 mm-thick coating at 500 °C has the best absorbing performance with a reflection loss (RL) value of −17.96 dB and an effective absorbing bandwidth (RL < −10 dB) in X-band of 2.42 GHz. The prepared Al2O3-MoSi2-Cu composite high-temperature absorbing coating takes into account the dual advantages of high-temperature stability and high-temperature absorbing properties.
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Open AccessArticle
Comparison of the Growth and Thermal Properties of Nonwoven Polymers after Atomic Layer Deposition and Vapor Phase Infiltration
by
, , , , , , and
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1028; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091028 - 26 Aug 2021
Abstract
The growth mechanism of Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) on polymeric surfaces differs from growth on inorganic solid substrates, such as silicon wafer or glass. In this paper, we report the growth experiments of Al2O3 and ZnO on nonwoven poly-L-lactic acid
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The growth mechanism of Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) on polymeric surfaces differs from growth on inorganic solid substrates, such as silicon wafer or glass. In this paper, we report the growth experiments of Al2O3 and ZnO on nonwoven poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), polyethersulphone (PES) and cellulose acetate (CA) fibres. Material growth in both ALD and infiltration mode was studied. The structures were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), attenuated total reflectance-fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to explore the effect of ALD deposition on the thermal properties of the CA polymer. According to the SEM, STEM and ATR-FTIR analysis, the growth of Al2O3 was more uniform than ZnO on each of the polymers studied. In addition, according to ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, the infiltration resulted in interactions between the polymers and the ALD precursors. Thermal analysis (TGA/DSC) revealed a slower depolymerization process and better thermal resistance upon heating both in ALD-coated and infiltrated fibres, more pronounced on the latter type of structures, as seen from smaller endothermic peaks on TA.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification)
Open AccessArticle
Enhanced the Efficiency of Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue by Construction of Z-Scheme g-C3N4/BiVO4 Heterojunction
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1027; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091027 - 26 Aug 2021
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Both non-metallic g-C3N4 and BiVO4 are novel photocatalysts responsive to visible light, but their low charge separation efficiency restricts their inconspicuous photocatalytic activity. In this paper, direct Z-type g-C3N4/BiVO4 photocatalyst was constructed by calcination
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Both non-metallic g-C3N4 and BiVO4 are novel photocatalysts responsive to visible light, but their low charge separation efficiency restricts their inconspicuous photocatalytic activity. In this paper, direct Z-type g-C3N4/BiVO4 photocatalyst was constructed by calcination and hydrothermal for the degradation of methylene blue. The existence of g-C3N4/BiVO4 heterojunction was confirmed by the detailed study of its chemical structure and morphology by various characterization methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The evaluation of photocatalytic performance showed that the MB degradation performance of 1.0-CN/BVO was significantly enhanced, which was 4.528 times and 2.387 times higher than pristine BiVO4 and g-C3N4, respectively, which was mainly due to the enhanced light capture ability and effective electron transfer in the photocatalytic reaction. The 1.0-CN/BVO composite exhibited extremely catalytic stability and recyclability.
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Open AccessArticle
Comparative Study on Transmission Performance of Manganese Phosphate Coated Gears
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1026; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091026 - 26 Aug 2021
Abstract
As an important part of transmission systems, coatings can improve the physical properties of gear surface. It is meaningful to research the effect of coating on the transmission performance of gears. In this paper, eight-degree-of-freedom dynamic response model of helical cylindrical gear is
[...] Read more.
As an important part of transmission systems, coatings can improve the physical properties of gear surface. It is meaningful to research the effect of coating on the transmission performance of gears. In this paper, eight-degree-of-freedom dynamic response model of helical cylindrical gear is established considering friction, and the influence of friction factors on dynamic response is explored. The tribological properties and lubrication characteristics of the coating are investigated and compared with uncoated. The transmission performances of manganese phosphate conversion coated gears are studied experimentally. The results show that the coefficients of friction of Mn–P[C] coatings are reduced by 19%, the average amplitude and root mean square of vibration acceleration are obviously decreased, and the transmission efficiency is improved. The manganese phosphate conversion coating is beneficial to the transmission performance of gears.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification and Functionalization for Advanced Materials)
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Open AccessArticle
Comprehensive Data Collection Device for Plasma Equipment Intelligence Studies
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091025 - 26 Aug 2021
Abstract
In this study, various diagnostic tools were constructed and plasma factors measured to evaluate the intelligence of plasma process equipment. We used an ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) reactor with a radio frequency (RF) power of 13.56 MHz, a power of 400 to 800
[...] Read more.
In this study, various diagnostic tools were constructed and plasma factors measured to evaluate the intelligence of plasma process equipment. We used an ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) reactor with a radio frequency (RF) power of 13.56 MHz, a power of 400 to 800 W, and a pressure of 10 to 30 mTorr. Plasma parameters such as electron density (ne), electron temperature (Te), plasma potential (Vp), and floating potential (Vf) were measured using several instruments (VI probe and mass/energy analyzer, etc.) and subsequently analyzed. Regression analysis was performed to correlate the measured data with the plasma parameters. As a result, the plasma density (ne) and temperature (Te) were observed to be in good agreement with the non-invasive measurement results. In particular, the VI probes were highly correlated with almost all the measured plasma parameters. Therefore, the results of this study provide a basis for the estimation of plasma parameters using non-invasive measurement techniques.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Modification by Plasma-Based Processes)
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Open AccessArticle
Assembly and Transport Properties of Nanoscale Biopolyelectrolyte Multilayers
by
and
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1024; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091024 - 26 Aug 2021
Abstract
Nanoscale coatings are attractive for managing the biological/material interface as well as for transport control in medical device applications. Construction of biologically derived and mimicking polyelectrolyte multilayers (BioPEMs) and their chemically crosslinked derivatives was evaluated at the nanometer scale and the glucose mass
[...] Read more.
Nanoscale coatings are attractive for managing the biological/material interface as well as for transport control in medical device applications. Construction of biologically derived and mimicking polyelectrolyte multilayers (BioPEMs) and their chemically crosslinked derivatives was evaluated at the nanometer scale and the glucose mass transfer properties were characterized in a physiological environment. Glucose diffusivity through all the BioPEMs was found to be three to four orders of magnitude lower than that of bare substrate. In contrast, permeation rates (dC/dt) were significantly higher than when compared to films comprising the same number of bilayers of synthetic materials—poly(acrylic acid)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride). Crosslinked BioPEMs exhibited decreased diffusivity of glucose up to 51% compared to native BioPEMs. These findings provide fundamental insight into the transport properties of BioPEM coatings that may be useful in maximizing biomimetic properties while also controlling permeation of small molecules in applications such as sensors, filtration, and drug delivery systems.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films: Fabrication, Properties and Applications)
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Open AccessArticle
Ca-Doped ZnO:Al Thin Films: Synthesis and Characterization
by
, , , , , and
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1023; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091023 - 26 Aug 2021
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We unveiled the effect of doping on the morpho-structural and opto/electrical properties of Ca-doped ZnO:Al thin films obtained by RF magnetron sputtering. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to reveal the surface morphology, while the composition and crystal structure were investigated by energy
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We unveiled the effect of doping on the morpho-structural and opto/electrical properties of Ca-doped ZnO:Al thin films obtained by RF magnetron sputtering. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to reveal the surface morphology, while the composition and crystal structure were investigated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The correlation between the microstructure and the electrical conductivity identifies an increase in electrical conductivity up to 145 × 10−3 Ω−1·m−1 at 5 wt.% Ca doping level with the decrease in the grain size. Furthermore, the presence of Ca dopant triggers the occurrence of the emission peak at 430 nm and an increase of the green emission peak in PL spectra. Corroborating the electrical measurements with X-ray diffraction and optical measurements, one can infer that the electrical conductivity is dominated by intrinsic defects developed during deposition and by the existence of dopants.
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Open AccessArticle
Numerical Investigation on the Evaporation Performance of Desulfurization Wastewater in a Spray Drying Tower without Deflectors
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1022; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091022 - 26 Aug 2021
Abstract
The desulfurization wastewater evaporation technology with flue gas has been widely applied to dispose of desulfurization wastewater. This paper investigates the effect of flue gas flow rate and temperature, wastewater flow rate and initial temperature, and droplet size on the evaporation performance of
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The desulfurization wastewater evaporation technology with flue gas has been widely applied to dispose of desulfurization wastewater. This paper investigates the effect of flue gas flow rate and temperature, wastewater flow rate and initial temperature, and droplet size on the evaporation performance of the desulfurization wastewater in a spray drying tower without deflectors. The results show that the flue gas flow rate and temperature affect the evaporation performance of desulfurization wastewater. The larger flow rate and higher temperature of flue gas correspond to the faster evaporation speed and the shorter complete evaporation distance of the wastewater droplet. Decreasing the flow rate and increasing the initial temperature of the desulfurization wastewater is advantageous to enhance the evaporation speed and shorten the complete evaporation distance of the wastewater droplet. Reducing the droplet size is beneficial to improve the evaporation performance of the desulfurization wastewater. The orthogonal test results show that the factors affecting droplet evaporation performance are ranked as follows: flue gas flow rate > wastewater flow rate > flue gas temperature > wastewater initial temperature > droplet size. Considering the evaporation ratio and the complete evaporation distance, the optimal setting is 14.470 kg/s for flue gas flow rate, 385 °C for flue gas temperature, 0.582 kg/s for wastewater flow rate, 25 °C for wastewater initial temperature, and 60 μm for droplet size. These studied results can provide valuable information to improve the operational performance of the desulfurization wastewater evaporation technology with flue gas.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Perspective on the Study of Liquid-Fluid Interfaces: From Fundamentals to Innovative Applications)
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