Applied Sciences

Constructing reusable accident-text corpora is hindered by anonymization, heterogeneous sources, and sparse labels, which complicate cross-document event linking. We propose a spatiotemporal lattice-constrained approach that encodes administrative hierarchies and temporal granularity, defines domain-informed consistency criteria, instantiates spatial/temporal relations via a subset of RCC-8 and Allen’s interval algebra, estimates anchor weights via smoothing with monotonic projection, and fuses signals using a constrained monotonic network with explicit probability calibration. An active-learning decision rule—combining maximum probability with a probability-gap criterion—supports scalable automatic labeling, and controlled augmentation leverages instruction-tuned LLMs under lattice constraints. Experiments show competitive ranking (Hit@1 = 41.51%, Hit@5 = 77.33%) and discrimination (ROC-AUC = 87.34%), with the best F1 (62.46%). The method yields the lowest calibration errors (Brier = 0.14; ECE = 1.97%), maintains performance across sources, and exhibits the smallest F1 fluctuation across thresholds (Δ = 1.7%). In deployment-oriented analyses, it auto-labels 77.7% of cases with 97.51% accuracy among high-confidence outputs while routing 22.3% to review, where the true-positive rate is 81.46%. These findings indicate that integrating structured constraints with calibrated probabilistic fusion enables accurate, auditable, and scalable event linking for accident-corpus construction.

Background/Objectives: The resin infiltration protocol was introduced as a minimally invasive approach for the treatment of incipient carious lesions using low-viscosity resins with high penetration coefficient. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of resin infiltration in hypomineralized anterior teeth of paediatric patients, based on aesthetic improvement, colour change (ΔE), and visual perception. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa and physiotherapy evidence database scales. The level of evidence was assessed using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation tool. Methods: The following five databases were searched: Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023405299). Results: The search identified 130 preliminary references related to the population, intervention, control, and outcome question, identified from the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases, respectively. In addition, two items were added from the grey literature. Ten articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative analyses, and only three studies were included in the quantitative analyses. Positive results regarding stain-size reduction and colour improvement with resin infiltration (Icon^®; DMG, Hamburg, Germany), were reported in moderately severe lesions. Luminosity increased immediately after treatment, and the mean difference in total color change (ΔE), T0–T1 was significant (ΔE, 5.45; confidence interval, 1.94 to 8.96; p < 0.01). The most favourable clinical outcomes were observed following the initial resin infiltration. Moreover, the results were maintained at the 6 month follow-up. Conclusions: Infiltration resin can successfully mask white or white/creamy opacities characteristic MIH affected enamel, similar to those in carious enamel for which it was designed. It yields acceptable aesthetic results in anterior teeth with mild to moderate MIH lesions. Lack of predictability is the main limitation of this therapeutic option.

In order to comply with the principle of sustainable development in product design, in addition to the mechanical properties of products, recycling properties should also be taken into account at the early stages of design. This paper explores the interplay between mechanical and recycling properties in product design in order to achieve a compromise between these design aspects. The research included typical metrics used to evaluate a product for its mechanical and recycling properties. The tests were carried out on a lap connection made in four variants: as a two-bolt, three-bolt, two-rivet and three-rivet connection. It was demonstrated that the stiffness of bolted connections is significantly lower compared to equivalent riveted connections. On the other hand, using three rivets instead of two in a connection yields better results in terms of load-bearing capacity compared to a similar increase in the number of fasteners in a bolted connection. The results demonstrate the impact of material structure of components and dismantling operations on the financial performance of the recycling process in relation to the assessment of recycling aspects in product design.