Journal Description
Behavioral Sciences
Behavioral Sciences
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on psychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, behavioral biology and behavioral genetics published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SSCI (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Psychology, Multidisciplinary) / CiteScore - Q2 (Development)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 27 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.5 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.7 (2023)
Latest Articles
“All You Need Is Love” a Social Network Approach to Understanding Attachment Networks in Adulthood
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 647; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080647 - 26 Jul 2024
Abstract
This study examined five dimensions of attachment network structure in a large sample of adults (n = 930, 57% female) between 24 to 80 years of age. We employed a newly validated diagrammatic measure, the web-based hierarchical mapping technique (WHMT), to measure
[...] Read more.
This study examined five dimensions of attachment network structure in a large sample of adults (n = 930, 57% female) between 24 to 80 years of age. We employed a newly validated diagrammatic measure, the web-based hierarchical mapping technique (WHMT), to measure the attachment strength to participants’ five closest relationships and the physical distance to and between network members. Our first aim was to replicate existing research on the composition of adult attachment networks, exploring variations in network patterns by age, romantic status, and parental status. Our second aim was to explore four new network dimensions, including physical distance to network members, hierarchical patterns, centrality, and density. The results replicated previous work on network composition, highlighting the pivotal role of romantic partners as primary attachment figures through adulthood. The analysis of the new network dimensions revealed a clear divide between adults in romantic relationships and those who are not. Compared to the single adults, the adults in romantic relationships were more hierarchical in their attachment preferences, reported lower emotional connection to friends and parents, and lived farther from their network, which was also more geographically dispersed. In other words, romantically involved adults put more of their attachment eggs in one basket. The results also showed that the older adults tended to live further away from their attachment network and had a more geographically dispersed network compared to the younger adults.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Science of Mating, Love, and Attachment in Romantic Relationships)
►
Show Figures
Open AccessArticle
Parasomnias in Post-Secondary Students: Prevalence, Distress, and Coping Strategies
by
Catherine S. Fichten, Eva Libman, Sally Bailes, Mary Jorgensen, Alice Havel, Yuxuan Qin, Laura Creti, Huanan Liao, Bianca Zlotea, Christine Vo, Jillian Budd, Abigaelle Vasseur, Tanya Pierre-Sindor and Georgiana Costin
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 646; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080646 - 26 Jul 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Parasomnias are a group of sleep disorders characterized by abnormal and unpleasant motor, verbal, or behavioral events that occur during sleep or during transitions between wake and sleep states. They disrupt sleep and can have a detrimental impact on the individual experiencing them.
[...] Read more.
Parasomnias are a group of sleep disorders characterized by abnormal and unpleasant motor, verbal, or behavioral events that occur during sleep or during transitions between wake and sleep states. They disrupt sleep and can have a detrimental impact on the individual experiencing them. Our goal was to identify types of parasomnias and their prevalence in the current and recent post-secondary student population and to explore their coping strategies for parasomnias they found distressing. Seventy-seven post-secondary students completed the 21-item Munich Parasomnia Screening (MUPS) frequency scale. They also rated, on a 10-point scale, how disturbing each parasomnia experienced was. Not only did 92% percent of students report at least one parasomnia, but our results also indicate that the vast majority of students experienced several parasomnias. This led us to investigate the likelihood of the co-occurrence of different parasomnias. With respect to the level of subjectively experienced distress, the most prevalent parasomnias were not always the more disturbing. Coded open-ended responses about what students do about the disturbing parasomnias indicate that grounding strategies (i.e., coping strategies that help manage distressing feelings) and physical manipulation of one’s body were the most common, although most participants indicated that in spite of distress, they do nothing to cope. In conclusion, our study found a strikingly high prevalence of parasomnias in this sample of young adults and a lack of knowledge about effective means of dealing with these. Therefore, we provide some accepted ways of dealing with these.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00646/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00646-g001-550.jpg?1721984446)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Clinical Relevance of Food Addiction in Higher Weight Patients across the Binge Eating Spectrum
by
Alycia Jobin, Félicie Gingras, Juliette Beaupré, Maxime Legendre and Catherine Bégin
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 645; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080645 - 26 Jul 2024
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) is associated with greater severity on many eating-related correlates when comorbid with binge eating disorder (BED) but no study has established this relation across the whole spectrum of binge eating, i.e., from no BED to subthreshold BED to BED diagnosis.
[...] Read more.
Food addiction (FA) is associated with greater severity on many eating-related correlates when comorbid with binge eating disorder (BED) but no study has established this relation across the whole spectrum of binge eating, i.e., from no BED to subthreshold BED to BED diagnosis. This study aims to examine the effect of the presence of FA on the severity of eating behaviors and psychological correlates in patients without BED, subthreshold BED or BED diagnosis. Participants (n = 223) were recruited at a university center specialized in obesity and eating disorder treatment and completed a semi-structured diagnostic interview and questionnaires measuring eating behaviors, emotional regulation, impulsivity, childhood interpersonal trauma, and personality traits. They were categorized by the presence of an eating disorder (no BED, subthreshold BED, or BED) and the presence of FA. Group comparisons showed that, in patients with BED, those with FA demonstrated higher disinhibition (t(79) = −2.19, p = 0.032) and more maladaptive emotional regulation strategies (t(43) = −2.37, p = 0.022) than participants without FA. In patients with subthreshold BED, those with FA demonstrated higher susceptibility to hunger (t(68) = −2.55, p = 0.013) and less cooperativeness (t(68) = 2.60, p = 0.012). In patients without BED, those with FA demonstrated higher disinhibition (t(70) = −3.15, p = 0.002), more maladaptive emotional regulation strategies (t(53) = −2.54, p = 0.014), more interpersonal trauma (t(69) = −2.41, p = 0.019), and less self-directedness (t(70) = 2.14, p = 0.036). We argue that the assessment of FA provides relevant information to complement eating disorder diagnoses. FA identifies a subgroup of patients showing higher severity on many eating-related correlates along the binge eating spectrum. It also allows targeting of patients without a formal eating disorder diagnosis who would still benefit from professional help.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Advances in Eating Disorders and Addictive Eating)
Open AccessReview
A Caregiver Perspective for Partners of PTSD Survivors: Understanding the Experiences of Partners
by
Christopher J. Cannon and Matt J. Gray
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 644; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080644 - 26 Jul 2024
Abstract
Research affirms that survivors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience psychological distress that affects their romantic partners, and that a bi-directional effect between PTSD symptoms and romantic relationship satisfaction exists, indicating that improvements in the romantic relationship may lead to the improved well-being
[...] Read more.
Research affirms that survivors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience psychological distress that affects their romantic partners, and that a bi-directional effect between PTSD symptoms and romantic relationship satisfaction exists, indicating that improvements in the romantic relationship may lead to the improved well-being of the survivor. Indeed, as romantic partners of PTSD survivors are both negatively impacted by the distress of the survivor, and romantic relationship satisfaction can affect the distress of the PTSD survivor, partners are a key stakeholder for mental health. Unfortunately, theoretical models have not adequately captured the experience of this population to properly illuminate their experience and provide appropriate treatment directives. This paper examines the informal caregiving integrative model to determine its applicability to the romantic partners of PTSD survivors with respect to the determinants, mediators, and outcomes. The current literature on romantic partners is used to evaluate the adequacy of fit, as well as to provide the components unique to partners. Future directions, clinical implications, and limitations of current research are explored based on the results of this review.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Health Psychology)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00644/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00644-g001-550.jpg?1721974280)
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
A Narrative Review of Compassion Focused Therapy on Positive Mental Health Outcomes
by
Yasuhiro Kotera, Julie Beaumont, Ann-Marie Edwards, Matthew Cotterill, Ann Kirkman, Aiesha Carew Tofani, Merly McPhilbin, Simran Takhi, Kristian Barnes, Olamide Todowede, Benjamin-Rose Ingall, Kenichi Asano and Kohki Arimitsu
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 643; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080643 - 25 Jul 2024
Abstract
Background: Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) has been attracting attention in mental health practice and research. CFT is effective in reducing a variety of negative mental health symptoms. Positive mental health (PMH) focuses on an individual’s functioning, quality of life, and well-being, aiming to achieve
[...] Read more.
Background: Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) has been attracting attention in mental health practice and research. CFT is effective in reducing a variety of negative mental health symptoms. Positive mental health (PMH) focuses on an individual’s functioning, quality of life, and well-being, aiming to achieve fulfilment. A need for PMH has been increasingly recognised such as national policies incorporating recovery-oriented approaches. However, how effective CFT is for PMH outcomes remains to be investigated. This narrative review aimed to identify the literature that reports evidence on CFT used against PMH outcomes. Methods: Our research questions (RQs) were as follows: RQ1. What PMH outcomes are targeted in CFT intervention research? RQ2. Is CFT effective for PMH?” Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched on the Ovid platform. All studies that mentioned “compassion focused therapy” and “compassion-focused therapy” were searched. Results: Sixteen RCTs were included published since 2012. Nine studies were from Europe, four from Asia, two from Northern America, and one from Australia and New Zealand. CFT was used for diverse PMH outcomes, and the effects were overall positive. Self-compassion and compassion were the most frequently evaluated outcomes. Conclusions: The mechanism of action for CFT on PMH needs to be evaluated. CFT can be used as part of personal recovery in mental health. More evidence from non-WEIRD countries including LMICs is needed.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interventions for Depression and Anxiety: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00643/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00643-g001-550.jpg?1721920015)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of Student-Athletes from a Pre- to Post-COVID-19 World
by
Georgia A. Bird, Jennifer Cumming and Mary L. Quinton
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 642; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080642 - 25 Jul 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
This study explored differences in student-athletes’ symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress pre- to post-COVID-19-pandemic. The WHO reported a 25% increase in depression and anxiety rates worldwide, with young people disproportionately affected. Student-athletes face many stressors related to their sporting and academic feats,
[...] Read more.
This study explored differences in student-athletes’ symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress pre- to post-COVID-19-pandemic. The WHO reported a 25% increase in depression and anxiety rates worldwide, with young people disproportionately affected. Student-athletes face many stressors related to their sporting and academic feats, but what is not known is how the COVID-19 pandemic affected their experiences of symptoms of mental illness. A multiple-cohort cross-sectional study design was employed, and data collected using physical and online surveys. Participants (cohort 1 M age = 20.18 years, SD = 1.52; cohort 2 M age = 19.75 years, SD = 1.45) were recruited from UK universities (N = 807; 427 pre-pandemic cohort, 380 post-pandemic cohort). Results revealed statistically significant differences in mean depression (F (1, 805) = 23.92, p < 0.001), anxiety (F (1, 806) = 20.15, p < 0.001), and stress symptoms (F (1, 805) = 5.24, p = 0.022) scores between cohorts. Scores for the post-pandemic cohort were significantly higher than pre-pandemic, suggesting a worsening of symptom severity. Distributions of student-athletes across categories of symptom severity also worsened for depressive and anxiety symptoms post-pandemic and were skewed towards more severe categories. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were a concern pre-pandemic. Rates are higher in the post-pandemic cohort, suggesting a worsening of symptoms. These data add to evidence on student-athletes’ symptoms of mental illness by exploring a UK sample and comparing scores pre- and post-pandemic.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00642/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00642-g001-550.jpg?1721984540)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Medical Professionalism and Its Association with Dropout Intention in Peruvian Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by
Dante E. Hancco-Monrroy, Luz M. Caballero-Apaza, Denices Abarca-Fernández, Jesus M. Castagnetto, Fany A. Condori-Cardoza, Raul de Lama Moran, Jose R. Carhuancho-Aguilar, Sandra Gutierrez, Martha Gonzales, Nancy Berduzco, Roberto C. Delgado Bolton, Montserrat San-Martín and Luis Vivanco
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 641; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080641 - 25 Jul 2024
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprecedented challenges to medical education systems and medical students worldwide, making it necessary to adapt teaching to a remote methodology during the academic year 2020–2021. The aim of this study was to characterize the association between medical professionalism
[...] Read more.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprecedented challenges to medical education systems and medical students worldwide, making it necessary to adapt teaching to a remote methodology during the academic year 2020–2021. The aim of this study was to characterize the association between medical professionalism and dropout intention during the pandemic in Peruvian medical schools. Methods: A cross-sectional online-survey-based study was performed in four Peruvian medical schools (two public) during the academic year 2020–2021. Medical students, attending classes from home, answered three scales measuring clinical empathy, teamwork, and lifelong learning abilities (three elements of medical professionalism) and four scales measuring loneliness, anxiety, depression, and subjective wellbeing. In addition, 15 demographic, epidemiological, and academic variables (including dropout intention) were collected. Variables were assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The study sample was composed of 1107 students (390 male). Eight variables were included in an explanatory model (Nagelkerke-R2 = 0.35). Anxiety, depression, intention to work in the private sector, and teamwork abilities showed positive associations with dropout intention while learning abilities, subjective wellbeing, studying in a public medical school, and acquiring a better perception of medicine during the pandemic showed a negative association with dropout intention. No association was observed for empathy. Conclusions: Each element measured showed a different role, providing new clues on the influence that medical professionalism had on dropout intention during the pandemic. This information can be useful for medical educators to have a better understanding of the influence that professionalism plays in dropout intention.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Well-Being and Coping Strategies during the COVID-19 Crisis)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00641/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00641-g001-550.jpg?1721918579)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Reliability of Field-Based Static and Dynamic Balance Tests in Primary School-Aged Autistic Children
by
Emma Baldwin, Sharon Kinsella and Paul J. Byrne
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 640; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080640 - 25 Jul 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Previous research has proven that the balance of autistic children is poor. However, the reliability of assessing balance in this cohort has been inadequately researched. This study therefore aimed to examine if field-based static and dynamic balance tests can be reliably assessed in
[...] Read more.
Previous research has proven that the balance of autistic children is poor. However, the reliability of assessing balance in this cohort has been inadequately researched. This study therefore aimed to examine if field-based static and dynamic balance tests can be reliably assessed in autistic children, to determine the number of familiarisation sessions required and whether autistic severity impacts on the reliability of these balance tests. The balance of eighteen primary school-aged autistic children was assessed three times a week over five weeks, using the flamingo balance test, a modified version of the balance error scoring system (BESS), the low beam walking test, and the heel to toe walking test. Reliability criteria included an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) level of ≥0.75 and a coefficient of variance (CV%) of ≤46% for the low beam walking test, the heel to toe walking test, and the BESS, and a CV% of ≤82% or the flamingo balance test. Inter-session reliability was achieved and required the least number of familiarisation sessions for the flamingo balance test, compared to the low beam walking test, which required a greater number of familiarisation sessions to achieve inter-session reliability. The heel to toe walking test and the BESS achieved inter-session reliability and familiarisation in an acceptable time frame. Due to the large CV% values reported in the current study, practitioners need to be aware that balance interventions need to achieve improvements greater than the CV% in this cohort.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00640/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00640-g001-550.jpg?1721986418)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Insights from the Active Use of Neuroscience Findings in Teaching and Learning
by
Ausra Daugirdiene, Jurate Cesnaviciene and Agne Brandisauskiene
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080639 - 25 Jul 2024
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to show how teachers apply teaching and learning strategies related to the principles of the nervous system’s functions. In our view, understanding what constitutes good teaching is about identifying how it engages the underlying cognitive and neurosystemic
[...] Read more.
The aim of this paper is to show how teachers apply teaching and learning strategies related to the principles of the nervous system’s functions. In our view, understanding what constitutes good teaching is about identifying how it engages the underlying cognitive and neurosystemic processes within the human brain in relation to learning. Using a student self-assessment questionnaire, we have investigated several key processes involved in neurodidactics (excitation, perception, memory, and the use, transfer, and adaptation of information and/or actions). The sample consisted of 884 7–10th grade students. The results showed that students’ excitation, understanding, and consolidation of educational material are directly related to the work of the teacher and the teaching strategies they apply to attract and stimulate the student’s attention and to help the student to understand and remember information. The learning strategies used by the students reflect the learner’s learning activity, i.e., the use and application of strategies that allow internal knowledge to emerge. The consolidation of the learning material and the learning strategies used by the students was statistically significantly higher among the female participants. There are significant differences between low- and high-achieving students in terms of the effectiveness of teaching strategies for consolidation and the learning strategies applied by learners. The paper provides practical recommendations for teachers.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Strategies for the Development of Behavior and Cognition in Young People)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00639/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00639-g001-550.jpg?1721900803)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Impact of Cognitive Load on Cooperation and Antisocial Punishment: Insights from a Public Goods Game Experiment
by
Yanru Zhao, Zhuoran Li, Shan Jin and Xiaomeng Zhang
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 638; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080638 - 25 Jul 2024
Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of cognitive load on the formation and maintenance of cooperation within a public goods game experiment featuring a punishment option. By integrating the experimental designs of prior studies and manipulating cognitive load through the memorization of numbers with
[...] Read more.
This paper investigates the impact of cognitive load on the formation and maintenance of cooperation within a public goods game experiment featuring a punishment option. By integrating the experimental designs of prior studies and manipulating cognitive load through the memorization of numbers with varying digits, we reveal that high cognitive load accelerates the breakdown of cooperation, irrespective of the presence of a punishment system. Furthermore, under high cognitive load, participants are more likely to engage in antisocial punishment, while the punishment of free riders remains unaffected. These findings suggest that increased cognitive load depletes the cognitive resources needed for deliberative decision-making, leading to a higher propensity for antisocial punishment. Our study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the significant influence of cognitive load on cooperative behavior and providing new insights into the causes of antisocial punishment.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral Economics)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00638/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00638-g001-550.jpg?1721898366)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Exploring the Relationship between Surface Acting, Job Stress, and Emotional Exhaustion in Health Professionals: The Moderating Role of LMX
by
Ibrahim Yikilmaz, Lutfi Surucu, Ahmet Maslakci, Alper Bahadir Dalmis and Emete Toros
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 637; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080637 - 25 Jul 2024
Abstract
Rapid organizational changes due to technological advancements, high-efficiency expectations, and uncertainties, particularly in healthcare, have led to a global stress epidemic among em-ployees. This has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and evolving workplace practices. Surface acting, or the suppression and faking of
[...] Read more.
Rapid organizational changes due to technological advancements, high-efficiency expectations, and uncertainties, particularly in healthcare, have led to a global stress epidemic among em-ployees. This has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and evolving workplace practices. Surface acting, or the suppression and faking of emotions, significantly contributes to this stress and burnout, impacting not only individual healthcare professionals but also healthcare systems’ overall effectiveness and sustainability. Providing adequate resources in high-demand work environments is, thus, essential to mitigate these negative experiences. Leader–member exchange (LMX) can play a pivotal role in understanding and addressing the needs and expectations of healthcare professionals. Drawing on Conservation of Resources (COR), Job Demands-Resources (JD-R), Social Exchange theories, and Grandey’s Emotional Regulation Model, this study analyzed data from a convenience sample of 350 healthcare professionals. The results reveal that surface acting intensifies healthcare professionals’ experiences of job stress and emotional exhaustion. Notably, the study empirically demonstrated that high levels of LMX in healthcare professionals’ relationships with their leaders can mitigate the impact of surface acting on job stress and emotional exhaustion. These findings offer valuable insights for managers and policymakers, highlighting the importance of LMX in maintaining sustainable management practices in complex and stressful healthcare organizations.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Healthcare Workers)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00637/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00637-g001-550.jpg?1721895311)
Figure 1
Open AccessSystematic Review
Why We Share: A Systematic Review of Knowledge-Sharing Intentions on Social Media
by
Jia Hu and Shuhaida Md Noor
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 636; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080636 - 25 Jul 2024
Abstract
Social media’s potential for knowledge dissemination is under-utilized due to limited user participation. This study systematically reviews factors affecting knowledge-sharing intentions on social platforms using the ROSES protocol. We searched Scopus and Web of Science for quality, relevance, and rigor, finding that 65%
[...] Read more.
Social media’s potential for knowledge dissemination is under-utilized due to limited user participation. This study systematically reviews factors affecting knowledge-sharing intentions on social platforms using the ROSES protocol. We searched Scopus and Web of Science for quality, relevance, and rigor, finding that 65% of the articles shared were published in high-quality journals (Q1 or Q2), with the Journal of Knowledge Management accounting for 15%. Since 2015, 62.5% of research has been published, highlighting increased activity. Quantitative methods dominated (95%), with Zhihu being the most studied platform. We identified four key themes—psychological, technological, environmental, and social—covering 47 determinants centered on trust and attitude, primarily based on individual and social behavior theories. This is the first systematic exploration of elements influencing knowledge-sharing intentions on social media, providing insights to enhance user interaction and guide social media strategies in knowledge-centric organizations.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Social Psychology)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00636/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00636-g001-550.jpg?1721891153)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Roles of Rule Type and Word Term in the Deductive Reasoning of Adults with and without Dyslexia
by
Janette B. Jacobs, James H. Smith-Spark and Elizabeth J. Newton
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 635; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080635 - 25 Jul 2024
Abstract
Despite its importance to everyday functioning, reasoning is underexplored in developmental dyslexia. The current study investigated verbal deductive reasoning on the Wason selection task, not previously used in dyslexia research despite its well-established pedigree. Reasoning rule was manipulated, with the conditional rules varying
[...] Read more.
Despite its importance to everyday functioning, reasoning is underexplored in developmental dyslexia. The current study investigated verbal deductive reasoning on the Wason selection task, not previously used in dyslexia research despite its well-established pedigree. Reasoning rule was manipulated, with the conditional rules varying in the logical values presented. The word frequency and imageability of the word terms was also manipulated. Twenty-six adults with dyslexia and 31 adults without dyslexia completed Wason selection task problems. No group difference in reasoning accuracy or completion time was found. However, the participants were most accurate when reasoning with the rule type “If p, then not q” and least accurate with the rule type “If p then q”. More trials were also answered correctly when the word terms were highly imageable but of average word frequency. These findings are in line with the general reasoning literature. Dyslexia status did not interact with either rule type or word term type. The study expands upon previous research by testing verbal deductive reasoning in dyslexia, highlighting the role of imageability in facilitating reasoning performance for all, regardless of the presence or absence of dyslexia. Implications for the design of educational materials are considered.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cognition)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00635/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00635-g001-550.jpg?1721887578)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Consumers’ Behavioral Willingness to Use Green Financial Products: An Empirical Study within a Theoretical Framework
by
Xiangwei Xie, Chunxi Gong, Zhenqing Su, Yufei Nie and Woohyoung Kim
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 634; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080634 - 24 Jul 2024
Abstract
In an era marked by the expansion of the Internet economy and the intensification of environmental concerns, the convergence of digital finance and green finance has emerged as a significant global trend. China’s Alipay Ant Forest, an innovative green financial product, has successfully
[...] Read more.
In an era marked by the expansion of the Internet economy and the intensification of environmental concerns, the convergence of digital finance and green finance has emerged as a significant global trend. China’s Alipay Ant Forest, an innovative green financial product, has successfully quantified carbon emission reductions resulting from users’ green consumption patterns, establishing the first carbon account-based green financial product and pioneering an innovative “green finance plus gamification” model. However, the academic literature has not fully explained the underlying mechanisms that drive consumer engagement with such green financial products. This study, motivated by the academic question of what factors influence consumers’ willingness to use green financial products, employs Ant Forest as a case study and develops a novel structural equation model based on self-determination theory, customer-perceived value, and the technology acceptance model. The model incorporates user type as a control variable and considers autonomy, gamification, and bonuses as key independent variables, with customer-perceived value serving as a mediating variable. Data collection involved 606 participants, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing users’ willingness to engage with green financial products. The findings support the proposed hypothesis, identifying several significant predictors of users’ willingness to use green financial products, with the exception of age. This study advances the theoretical understanding of consumer behavior towards green financial products by integrating self-determination theory, customer-perceived value, and the technology acceptance model, while also offering practical insights for marketing strategies. It explores the interface between digital finance, environmental sustainability, and consumer behavior, highlighting opportunities for financial institutions to leverage Internet applications to promote green financial services and enhance their marketing approaches to influence consumer adoption.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral Economics)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00634/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00634-g001-550.jpg?1721837302)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Impact of Empowering Leadership on Taking Charge Behaviors: Mediating Strengths Use and Moderating Ambition
by
Lingnan Kong, Yang Liu, He Ding, Sha Liu and Shunkun Yu
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 633; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080633 - 24 Jul 2024
Abstract
Drawing on conservation of resources theory, this study aims to explore the mediating role of employees’ strengths use and the moderating role of employees’ ambitions in the relationship between empowering leadership and employees’ taking charge behaviors. A total of 333 Chinese employees from
[...] Read more.
Drawing on conservation of resources theory, this study aims to explore the mediating role of employees’ strengths use and the moderating role of employees’ ambitions in the relationship between empowering leadership and employees’ taking charge behaviors. A total of 333 Chinese employees from various organizations across China (including industries such as manufacturing, IT, and education) completed our survey at two time points, with a two-week lag. We used structural equation modeling and moderated mediation path analysis to test our hypotheses. The research revealed that strengths use partially mediated the relationship between empowering leadership and employees’ taking charge behaviors, and ambition positively moderated the relationship between empowering leadership and strengths use, as well as the indirect relationship between empowering leadership and employees’ taking charge behaviors through strengths use. It extends the application field of strengths use, providing a new theoretical perspective on behavioral mechanisms for understanding the empowering leadership–employees’ taking charge behaviors relationship, and offers valuable strategies for organizations and leaders to promote employees’ taking charge behaviors more effectively.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Organizational Behaviors)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00633/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00633-g001-550.jpg?1721814004)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Critical Trigger for Cognitive Penetration: Cognitive Processing Priority over Perceptual Processing
by
Jiejie Liao, Yidong Yang, Zhili Han and Lei Mo
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 632; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080632 - 24 Jul 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The visual perception system of humans is susceptible to cognitive influence, which implies the existence of cognitive perception. However, the specifical trigger for cognitive penetration is still a matter of controversy. The current study proposed that the cognitive processing priority over perceptual processing
[...] Read more.
The visual perception system of humans is susceptible to cognitive influence, which implies the existence of cognitive perception. However, the specifical trigger for cognitive penetration is still a matter of controversy. The current study proposed that the cognitive processing priority over perceptual processing might be critical for inducing cognitive penetration. We tested this hypothesis by manipulating the processing priority between cognition and perception across three experiments where participants were asked to complete a size-judging task under different competing conditions between cognition and perception. To sum up, we proved that the cognitive processing priority over perceptual processing is critical for cognitive penetration. This study provided empirical evidence for the critical trigger for cognitive penetration.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00632/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00632-g001-550.jpg?1721812618)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Exploring the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Psychological Pain: A Canonical Correlation Analysis
by
Ariana Garabedian, Alexandra Dluzniewski, Russell T. Baker and Madeline P. Casanova
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080631 - 24 Jul 2024
Abstract
This study investigated the association between self-compassion and psychological pain across various demographic variables. Using canonical correlation analysis, we observed an inverse relationship between the combined factors of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale (OMMP-8). Subgroup analyses
[...] Read more.
This study investigated the association between self-compassion and psychological pain across various demographic variables. Using canonical correlation analysis, we observed an inverse relationship between the combined factors of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale (OMMP-8). Subgroup analyses revealed differences in SCS subscales among demographic groups with females, individuals with mental health diagnoses, and non-athletes displaying higher scores on negative SCS subscales and PsyPn. Injury status did not significantly affect self-compassion levels, although injured individuals scored higher on the irreversibility subscale of PsyPn. Negative SCS factors exhibited larger group differences and stronger correlations with PsyPn, indicating the potency of negative thinking in influencing psychological pain. These findings underscore the importance of self-compassion in mental health and suggest potential implications for intervention strategies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychological Well-Being and Mental Health)
Open AccessArticle
The Impact of Continuous and Partial Reinforcement on the Acquisition and Generalization of Human-Conditioned Fear
by
Yidan Song, Shaochen Zhao, Muxin Rong, Ying Liu, Yu Gao, Wei Chen, Donghuan Zhang and Xifu Zheng
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080630 - 24 Jul 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Fear over-generalization as a core symptom of anxiety disorders is manifested by fear responses even to safe stimuli that are very dissimilar to the original dangerous stimulus. The present study investigated the effects of two separate conditioned stimuli–unconditioned stimuli (CS–US) pairing procedures on
[...] Read more.
Fear over-generalization as a core symptom of anxiety disorders is manifested by fear responses even to safe stimuli that are very dissimilar to the original dangerous stimulus. The present study investigated the effects of two separate conditioned stimuli–unconditioned stimuli (CS–US) pairing procedures on fear acquisition and generalization using a perceptual discrimination fear-conditioning paradigm, with US expectancy ratings and skin conductance response (SCR) as indicators. One group accepted continuous followed by partial CS–US pairings (C–P group); the other group accepted partial followed by continuous CS–US pairings (P–C group). It was found that compared to the P–C group, the C–P group showed stronger perceptual discrimination of CS+ and CS− in the fear acquisition and showed weaker SCRs and stronger extinction of US expectancy in the generalization. These findings emphasize that CS–US pairings significantly influence fear acquisition and generalization and suggest that continuous-following partial CS–US pairings promote individual discrimination of threat and safety signals and inhibit the generalization of conditioned fear. The results of this study have implications for clinical interventions for patients experiencing negative events.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00630/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00630-g001-550.jpg?1721793283)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Relationships between Self-Efficacy and Teachers’ Well-Being in Middle School English Teachers: The Mediating Role of Teaching Satisfaction and Resilience
by
Xiaochen Wang, Yang Gao, Qikai Wang and Panpan Zhang
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 629; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080629 - 23 Jul 2024
Abstract
Teaching satisfaction and resilience play important roles in the education field, but most research focuses on higher education, with few scholars studying their impact on language teaching within the context of middle school education. In this sense, this study employs a mixed-methods research
[...] Read more.
Teaching satisfaction and resilience play important roles in the education field, but most research focuses on higher education, with few scholars studying their impact on language teaching within the context of middle school education. In this sense, this study employs a mixed-methods research design, selecting 375 Chinese middle school English teachers to investigate the roles of teaching satisfaction and resilience in the relationship between self-efficacy and teachers’ well-being. A structural equation modeling approach and NVivo were utilized to analyze quantitative data and qualitative data, respectively. Quantitative results reveal that both teaching satisfaction and resilience mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and teachers’ well-being. Qualitative interviews reveal that teaching satisfaction primarily enhances job commitment, reduces job stress, improves student relationships, and increases professional growth. Meanwhile, resilience plays a crucial role in stress management, positive adaptation, and emotional regulation. This research offers insightful implications for improving teachers’ well-being and contributes significantly to the broader discourse on foreign language teacher education.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Educator Well-Being and Resilience: Paradigms, Pathways, and Possibilities)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00629/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00629-g001-550.jpg?1721717854)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Relationship between Maladaptive Perfectionism and Anxiety in First-Year Undergraduate Students: A Moderated Mediation Model
by
Zhiheng Xiong, Chunying Liu, Meila Song and Xiangzhen Ma
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 628; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080628 - 23 Jul 2024
Abstract
To clarify the underlying mechanism of first-year undergraduate students’ maladaptive perfectionism in relation to their anxiety, this study constructs a mediating model with moderation, focusing on the investigation of the mediating role of self-compassion and the moderating role of family support. A total
[...] Read more.
To clarify the underlying mechanism of first-year undergraduate students’ maladaptive perfectionism in relation to their anxiety, this study constructs a mediating model with moderation, focusing on the investigation of the mediating role of self-compassion and the moderating role of family support. A total of 924 university students were involved in the investigation, responding to questionnaires on their maladaptive perfectionism, anxiety, self-compassion, and family support. The results showed that (1) after controlling for gender and Hukou, maladaptive perfectionism had a significant positive predictive effect on anxiety; (2) self-compassion can play a role in mediating the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and anxiety; and (3) the mediating effect of self-compassion on anxiety in terms of maladaptive perfectionism was moderated by family support. The results of this study have important theoretical value and practical significance for improving first-year undergraduate students’ anxiety.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wellbeing and Mental Health among Students)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/behavsci/behavsci-14-00628/article_deploy/html/images/behavsci-14-00628-g001-550.jpg?1721714799)
Figure 1
![Behavioral Sciences behavsci-logo](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/behavsci-logo.png?8600e93ff98dbf14)
Journal Menu
► ▼ Journal Menu-
- Behavioral Sciences Home
- Aims & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Reviewer Board
- Topical Advisory Panel
- Instructions for Authors
- Special Issues
- Topics
- Sections
- Article Processing Charge
- Indexing & Archiving
- Editor’s Choice Articles
- Most Cited & Viewed
- Journal Statistics
- Journal History
- Journal Awards
- Editorial Office
Journal Browser
► ▼ Journal BrowserHighly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
AI, Behavioral Sciences, EJIHPE
The Future of AI and Education: Chat GPT on Learning and Teaching Behaviours
Topic Editors: Xuesong Zhai, Andreja Istenic StarcicDeadline: 19 August 2024
Topic in
Algorithms, Behavioral Sciences, Societies, Technologies
Getting Insight into How Different Chatbots Answer the Same Questions and How Reliable They Are
Topic Editors: Eugène Loos, Loredana IvanDeadline: 1 September 2024
Topic in
Behavioral Sciences, COVID, EJIHPE, Societies, IJERPH, Healthcare
Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19
Topic Editors: Vsevolod Konstantinov, Andrés Alexis Ramírez CoronelDeadline: 30 September 2024
Topic in
Administrative Sciences, Behavioral Sciences, JTAER
Consumer Psychology and Business Applications
Topic Editors: Chenglu Wang, Henry F. L. Chung, Jin Sun, Yongge Niu, Liying ZhouDeadline: 31 October 2024
![loading...](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/loading_circle.gif?9a82694213036313?1721979229)
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Behavioral Sciences
Social Behaviors and Psychological Effects of Students Experiences during Social-Educative and Inclusive Interventions: Active Programs and Improvement of Health-Related Quality of Life
Guest Editors: Pedro Jesús Ruiz-Montero, María Luisa Santos-PastorDeadline: 31 July 2024
Special Issue in
Behavioral Sciences
Suicide in Asia and the Pacific
Guest Editors: Harry Minas, Erminia ColucciDeadline: 13 August 2024
Special Issue in
Behavioral Sciences
Stress and Drinking
Guest Editor: Julie Patock-PeckhamDeadline: 29 August 2024
Special Issue in
Behavioral Sciences
Social Interactions and Aging
Guest Editor: Dikla Segel-KarpasDeadline: 1 September 2024