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Art-Based Leadership Development: A Qualitative Metasummary
Exploring the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Psychological Pain: A Canonical Correlation Analysis
Capturing the Heterogeneity of Word Learners by Analyzing Persons
Virtual Reality and Higher Education Sporting Events: Social Anxiety Perception as an Outcome of VR Simulation

Journal Description

Behavioral Sciences

Behavioral Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on psychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, behavioral biology and behavioral genetics published monthly online by MDPI.

Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SSCI (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, and other databases.
Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Psychology, Multidisciplinary) / CiteScore - Q2 (Development)
Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 27 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.

Impact Factor: 2.5 (2023); 5-Year Impact Factor: 2.7 (2023)

Imprint Information Journal Flyer Open Access ISSN: 2076-328X

Latest Articles

12 pages, 1077 KiB

Open AccessArticle

From Tradition to Innovation: Analyzing Strategies and Support for Enhancing Badminton Course Teaching Quality through Educational Technology

by Mei-Ling Lin, Nan-Chi Chen, Yu-Jy Luo, Chun-Chin Liao and Chun-Chieh Kao

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 857; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090857 (registering DOI) - 23 Sep 2024

This study aims to explore the impact of Multimedia-Assisted Teaching (MAT) on the quality of physical education (PE) instruction in universities, with a particular focus on badminton courses. A quasi-experimental design was employed, including pre-tests and post-tests, involving two badminton classes at Ming [...] Read more.

This study aims to explore the impact of Multimedia-Assisted Teaching (MAT) on the quality of physical education (PE) instruction in universities, with a particular focus on badminton courses. A quasi-experimental design was employed, including pre-tests and post-tests, involving two badminton classes at Ming Chuan University, with a total of 101 students. These two classes were assigned to an experimental group (using MAT) and a control group (traditional teaching methods). The research instrument used was the Physical Education Teaching Quality Scale (PETQ), which includes four factors: course content, teaching strategies, classroom management, and learning assessment. The results indicated that, compared to traditional teaching methods, the use of MAT significantly enhanced students’ perception of the quality of PE instruction. The experimental group scored significantly higher than the control group across all scale factors, suggesting that MAT is more effective in capturing students’ attention and improving learning outcomes. The conclusion suggests that MAT has significant advantages in improving the quality of physical education instruction. The integration of MAT enables more flexible lesson planning and enhances the learning process through the features of multimedia-assisted teaching. It is recommended that physical education teachers consider applying multimedia technologies to aid teaching, in order to increase student engagement and effectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychological Advances in Physical Education and Sport Teaching (2nd Edition))

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9 pages, 417 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Pressure Training on the Performance of Semi-Professional Female Rugby League Players

by Michele Lastella, Sharni Upton and Dean J. Miller

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 856; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090856 (registering DOI) - 23 Sep 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of pressure training on the performance of semi-professional female rugby league athletes. Methods: Using a within-subjects design, 16 female athletes (19.9 ± 3.4 years) performed a passing accuracy task under three conditions; [...] Read more.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of pressure training on the performance of semi-professional female rugby league athletes. Methods: Using a within-subjects design, 16 female athletes (19.9 ± 3.4 years) performed a passing accuracy task under three conditions; (1) a control condition; (2) a physiological fatigue condition; and (3) a threat of consequence condition. Passing performance, perceived pressure, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and self-confidence were assessed. Results: A significant main effect of conditions was found for rate of perceived exertion (p < 0.001), self-confidence (p < 0.028), and perceived pressure (p = 0.011). There was no main effect of condition on passing performance. Post hoc comparisons revealed that RPE was significantly higher in the physiological fatigue condition when compared to the control (p = 0.009) and threat of consequence conditions (p < 0.001). Perceived pressure was significantly higher in the threat of consequence condition compared to the control condition (p = 0.037). Conclusions: The main findings of this study are that (1) passing performance was not impacted by pressure training conditions, and (2) threats of consequences are an effective manipulation to generate pressure in female semi-professional rugby league players. These results offer nuanced insights into the impact of pressure generation in training environments for female semi-professional rugby league athletes. Full article

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24 pages, 1050 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Punishment after Life: How Attitudes about Longer-than-Life Sentences Expose the Rules of Retribution

by Eyal Aharoni, Eddy Nahmias, Morris B. Hoffman and Sharlene Fernandes

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 855; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090855 (registering DOI) - 23 Sep 2024

Prison sentences that exceed the natural lifespan present a puzzle because they have no more power to deter or incapacitate than a single life sentence. In three survey experiments, we tested the extent to which participants support these longer-than-life sentences under different decision [...] Read more.

Prison sentences that exceed the natural lifespan present a puzzle because they have no more power to deter or incapacitate than a single life sentence. In three survey experiments, we tested the extent to which participants support these longer-than-life sentences under different decision contexts. In Experiment 1, 130 undergraduates made hypothetical prison sentence-length recommendations for a serious criminal offender, warranting two sentences to be served either concurrently or consecutively. Using a nationally representative sample (N = 182) and an undergraduate pilot sample (N = 260), participants in Experiments 2 and 3 voted on a hypothetical ballot measure to either allow or prohibit the use of consecutive life sentences. Results from all experiments revealed that, compared to concurrent life sentences participants supported the use of consecutive life sentences for serious offenders. In addition, they adjusted these posthumous years in response to mitigating factors in a manner that was indistinguishable from ordinary sentences (Experiment 1), and their support for consecutive life sentencing policies persisted, regardless of the default choice and whether the policy was costly to implement (Experiments 2 and 3). These judgment patterns were most consistent with retributive punishment heuristics and have implications for sentencing policy and for theories of punishment behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Cognitive Processes in Legal Decision Making)

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19 pages, 2659 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Telerobotic Intergroup Contact: Acceptance and Preferences in Israel and Palestine

by Avner Peled, Teemu Leinonen and Béatrice S. Hasler

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 854; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090854 (registering DOI) - 23 Sep 2024

We explore telerobotics as a novel form of intergroup communication. In this form, remotely operated robots facilitate embodied and situated intergroup contact between groups in conflict over long distances, potentially reducing prejudice and promoting positive social change. Based on previous conceptual frameworks and [...] Read more.

We explore telerobotics as a novel form of intergroup communication. In this form, remotely operated robots facilitate embodied and situated intergroup contact between groups in conflict over long distances, potentially reducing prejudice and promoting positive social change. Based on previous conceptual frameworks and design hypotheses, we conducted a survey on the acceptance and preferences of the telerobotic medium in Israel and Palestine. We analyzed the responses using a mixed-method approach. The results shed light on differences in attitudes between the groups and design considerations for telerobots when used for intergroup contact. This study serves as a foundation for the implementation of a novel method of technology-enhanced conflict resolution in the field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Communication Strategies and Practices in Conflicts)

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14 pages, 1388 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Examining the Effect of Knowledge Seeking on Knowledge Contribution in Q&A Communities

by Junping Qiu, Qinze Mi, Zhongyang Xu, Shihao Ma, Yutian Fu and Tingyong Zhang

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090853 (registering DOI) - 23 Sep 2024

Based on motivational theory, this study investigated the effect of users’ knowledge seeking on users’ knowledge contribution in question-and-answer (Q&A) communities. We collected 4643 samples from the largest social Q&A platform in China (Zhihu) and applied a mediation effect test to the data. [...] Read more.

Based on motivational theory, this study investigated the effect of users’ knowledge seeking on users’ knowledge contribution in question-and-answer (Q&A) communities. We collected 4643 samples from the largest social Q&A platform in China (Zhihu) and applied a mediation effect test to the data. The results showed that knowledge seeking affects intrinsic motivations (altruism and self-efficacy) and extrinsic motivations (social support, group identity, and reputation), further affecting knowledge contribution. Our findings indicated that Q&A communities should be concerned with users’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to ensure balanced knowledge exchange on social Q&A platforms, ultimately fostering long-term stability and growth. Existing research has mainly focused on a single behavioral state, such as knowledge seeking or knowledge contribution, and has paid little attention to the connection between these two types of user information behaviors. This study aimed to fill this gap by revealing the mechanisms through which users’ knowledge seeking affects their knowledge contribution. Full article

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12 pages, 924 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Considering the Role of Behavioural Fatigue in the COVID-19 Lockdown Debates in Great Britain: A Retrospective Analysis of a National Survey Assessing the Relationships between Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour

by Saval Khanal, Kelly Ann Schmidtke, Kaloyan Haralampiev and Ivo Vlaev

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 852; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090852 (registering DOI) - 23 Sep 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the term “behavioural fatigue” became the centre of policy debates in Great Britain. These debates involved deciding when to go into lockdown and whether behavioural interventions could be effective. Behavioural interventions can only succeed where people’s Capabilities, Opportunities, and [...] Read more.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the term “behavioural fatigue” became the centre of policy debates in Great Britain. These debates involved deciding when to go into lockdown and whether behavioural interventions could be effective. Behavioural interventions can only succeed where people’s Capabilities, Opportunities, and Motivations to perform target behaviours are supported. Our retrospective data analyses examine the relationships between people’s Capabilities, Opportunities, Motivations, and Behaviours, i.e., adherence to lockdown guidelines. Our cross-sectional analyses include 17,962 unique participants in Great Britain who completed a survey over the initial 30 days of the first lockdown (April 2020). We examine trends in responses to each scale and then the relationships between the scales using Granger’s causality test with tests for stationarity and cointegration. A mixture of increasing and decreasing trends was identified for Capabilities and Opportunities. Decreasing trends were identified for Motivation and Behaviour. Granger’s causality tests found that Capability forecasts Opportunity and Behaviour and that Motivation forecasts Opportunity. The discussion reiterates that to realise and maintain Behaviour changes, policies surrounding people’s Capabilities, Opportunities, and Motivations must continue to support target behaviours. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Behavioral Change to Improve Health Outcomes)

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14 pages, 260 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Burnout, Work Addiction, and Stress-Related Growth among Prehospital Emergency Personnel

by Monica Puticiu, Mihai-Bujor Grecu, Luciana Teodora Rotaru, Mihai Alexandru Butoi, Gabriela Vancu, Mihaela Corlade-Andrei, Diana Cimpoesu, Raluca Mihaela Tat and Adela Golea

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 851; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090851 (registering DOI) - 22 Sep 2024

Burnout and stress-related issues are significant concerns among medical personnel involved in emergency situations due to the high demands of their work. A cross-sectional descriptive and comparative study was conducted on 266 prehospital emergency personnel across five Romanian counties, comprising 41 physicians, 74 [...] Read more.

Burnout and stress-related issues are significant concerns among medical personnel involved in emergency situations due to the high demands of their work. A cross-sectional descriptive and comparative study was conducted on 266 prehospital emergency personnel across five Romanian counties, comprising 41 physicians, 74 nurses, and 151 paramedics. Data were collected through an online form, including demographic and professional characteristics, and five validated scales. This study revealed moderate (49.3%) to high (25.9%) burnout rates, with 35% showing signs of work addiction. Despite these challenges, the personnel demonstrated high levels of stress-related growth (61.2%), strong self-discipline (74.1%), and low to moderate responsive distress (100%). Physicians exhibited higher work addiction and job satisfaction, whereas paramedics faced higher burnout, self-discipline, and distress levels. Nurses showed lower burnout and self-discipline levels. These findings highlight the prevalence of burnout and work addiction among emergency medical personnel, while also underscoring the presence of protective factors like higher self-discipline, good level of stress-related growth, and low to moderate responsive distress. The distinct differences in experiences among physicians, nurses, and paramedics emphasize the need for tailored strategies to address these issues within each group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Burnout, Mental Health and Work-Family Interface in Today’s Workplaces)

11 pages, 1454 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Beyond the Whole: Reduced Empathy for Masked Emotional Faces Is Not Driven by Disrupted Configural Face Processing

by Sarah D. McCrackin and Jelena Ristic

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 850; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090850 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Sharing of emotional states is reduced for individuals wearing face coverings, but the mechanism behind this reduction remains unknown. Here, we investigated if face occlusion by masks reduces empathy by disrupting configural processing of emotional faces. Participants rated their empathy for happy and [...] Read more.

Sharing of emotional states is reduced for individuals wearing face coverings, but the mechanism behind this reduction remains unknown. Here, we investigated if face occlusion by masks reduces empathy by disrupting configural processing of emotional faces. Participants rated their empathy for happy and neutral faces which were presented in upright or inverted orientation and wore opaque, clear, or no face masks. Empathy ratings were reduced for masked faces (opaque or clear) as well as for inverted faces. Importantly, face inversion disrupted empathy more for faces wearing opaque masks relative to those wearing clear or no masks, which stands in contrast to the predictions generated by the classic configural processing models. We discuss these data within the context of classic and novel configural face perception models, and highlight that studying inverted occluded faces presents an informative case worthy of further investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Understanding Facial Expression Processing: New Methods, Measures and Models)

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12 pages, 251 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Social Exclusion on Self-Evaluation: Domain Discrepancy Based on the Big Two Model

by Chao Zhang, Bing Chen, Yan Bao, Jiani He, Feng Wu and Yufang Zhao

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 849; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090849 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Prior studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of social exclusion on an individual’s self-perception. Nonetheless, existing literature has predominantly focused on its impact on global self-esteem, often neglecting the nuanced effects of various reasons for social exclusion on distinct dimensions of self-evaluation, such [...] Read more.

Prior studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of social exclusion on an individual’s self-perception. Nonetheless, existing literature has predominantly focused on its impact on global self-esteem, often neglecting the nuanced effects of various reasons for social exclusion on distinct dimensions of self-evaluation, such as agency and communion. Based on the Big Two model perspective, the present research aims to examine the differential impacts of social exclusion on the distinct dimensions of self-evaluation, namely agency and communion, considering the reasons for social exclusion. It is hypothesized that social exclusion affects different facets of self-evaluation—agency and communion—depending on the context of exclusion. Study 1 identified negative correlations between perceived social exclusion and self-evaluation measures through questionnaires, including global self-esteem and the self-concepts of agency and communion, within a sample of 483 participants (283 females). Studies 2a (n = 93; 75 females) and 2b (n = 91; 66 females), which employed a recall paradigm to manipulate social exclusion in the domains of communion and agency, respectively, revealed that communion exclusion diminished communal self-evaluation, and agency exclusion significantly reduced both agentic and communal self-evaluation. These findings highlight the necessity of distinguishing various types of social exclusion and their distinct effects on the dimensions of self-concept. The research has important implications for the development of interventions aimed at enhancing individual psychological well-being and promoting inclusive social environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Social Psychology)

16 pages, 279 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Constraints and Sport Experiences: A Case Study of Adult Workers in Singapore

by Heetae Cho, Ghazanfar Ali Abbasi, Hyoung-Kil Kang and Ye Hoon Lee

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 848; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090848 - 20 Sep 2024

Although rapid economic growth can produce various positive outcomes, the fast-paced society that inevitably accompanies it often results in longer working hours and higher stress levels, leading to reduced participation in sport activities among employees. To better understand this phenomenon, we aimed to [...] Read more.

Although rapid economic growth can produce various positive outcomes, the fast-paced society that inevitably accompanies it often results in longer working hours and higher stress levels, leading to reduced participation in sport activities among employees. To better understand this phenomenon, we aimed to explore the constraints and experiences of adult workers. We collected data from adult workers in Singapore who desired to participate in sport activities but were unable to do so due to various constraints. A total of 10 individuals were purposefully selected for interviews. This study identified four key themes: (a) factors causing the reduction of sport participation opportunities, (b) changes in sport activities and satisfaction, (c) nostalgic feelings associated with sport activities, and (d) the role of nostalgia in enhancing sport involvement. The findings of this study suggest the possibility of adapting the conceptual model of nostalgia to sport activities, as well as identifying four factors that hinder employees from engaging in sport activities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity for Psychological and Cognitive Development)

13 pages, 1634 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Time Display Format on Cognitive Performance of Integrated Meteorological Radar Information

by Bo Liu, Yunhe Wang and Yongxin Li

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090847 - 20 Sep 2024

A proper time display format is essential for pilots to understand integrated meteorological radar information, thereby making informed flying decisions and steering clear of hazardous weather. Previous studies on time display format supported the advantages of digital format, while some studies found that [...] Read more.

A proper time display format is essential for pilots to understand integrated meteorological radar information, thereby making informed flying decisions and steering clear of hazardous weather. Previous studies on time display format supported the advantages of digital format, while some studies found that analog clock format is superior to digital format. This study explored the effect of time display format on the cognitive performance of integrated meteorological radar information through two experiments. Experiment 1 first examined the effects of digital and analog clock displays on the timing of individual processing advance or delay changes in a general scenario. Then, Experiment 2 was conducted in a simulated flight scenario to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of digital and analog clock display in delay time processing with and without time pressure. The results showed the following: (1) Analog clock has more advantages than digital display format in processing the varying time difference. (2) Whether with or without time pressure, analog clock is more conducive to individual cognition of integrated meteorological radar information than digital time display. (3) The length of delay time is an important factor affecting individual time cognition, and it can also affect the cognition of radar information. The longer the delay time, the more difficult it is to identify the time and understand the information. These findings provide a certain reference for the design of the integrated meteorological radar information display interface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cognition)

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9 pages, 446 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perfectionism and Emotion Regulation in the Study of Suicidal Ideation in Portuguese Young Adults

by Marta Brás, João Antunes, Ana Reis and Cláudia Carmo

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090846 - 20 Sep 2024

Suicide is a serious public health problem worldwide, being the culmination of a process that normally begins with suicidal ideation. Therefore, it is important to assess suicidal ideation and know its risk factors. The association between perfectionism and suicidal ideation has been widely [...] Read more.

Suicide is a serious public health problem worldwide, being the culmination of a process that normally begins with suicidal ideation. Therefore, it is important to assess suicidal ideation and know its risk factors. The association between perfectionism and suicidal ideation has been widely debated in the literature. However, knowledge about the role of emotion regulation in this relationship is scarce. The main objective of this investigation was thus to study the role of emotion regulation in the relationship between perfectionism and suicidal ideation in young adults. A sample of 224 Portuguese young adults was recruited through an online form which assessed suicidal ideation, perfectionism, and emotion regulation. The results showed a positive relationship between suicidal ideation and emotion regulation difficulties. There was also a positive association between emotion regulation difficulties and perfectionism, especially regarding the strategies and dimensions of maladaptive perfectionism. The relationship between perfectionism and suicidal ideation was fully mediated by emotion regulation difficulties. Increases in emotion regulation difficulties from increased perfectionism could contribute decisively to increasing the risk of suicidal ideation. Thus, the assessment of perfectionism and emotion regulation difficulties can promote the prevention and psychological interventions for suicidal behavior. Full article

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22 pages, 814 KiB

Open AccessArticle

ChatGPT in Learning: Assessing Students’ Use Intentions through the Lens of Perceived Value and the Influence of AI Literacy

by Ahlam Mohammed Al-Abdullatif and Merfat Ayesh Alsubaie

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 845; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090845 - 19 Sep 2024

This study sought to understand students’ intentions regarding the use of ChatGPT in learning from the perspective of perceived value, exploring the influence of artificial intelligent (AI) literacy. Drawing on a sample of 676 university students from diverse academic backgrounds, we employed a [...] Read more.

This study sought to understand students’ intentions regarding the use of ChatGPT in learning from the perspective of perceived value, exploring the influence of artificial intelligent (AI) literacy. Drawing on a sample of 676 university students from diverse academic backgrounds, we employed a structured survey questionnaire to measure their perceptions of ChatGPT as a learning tool. The collected data were then analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) via SmartPLS 4 software. The findings showed a strong effect of the students’ perceived value of ChatGPT on their intention to use it. Our findings suggest that perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment and perceived fees had a significant influence on students’ perceived value of ChatGPT, while perceived risk showed no effect. Moreover, the role of AI literacy emerged as pivotal in shaping these perceptions. Students with higher AI literacy demonstrated an enhanced ability to discern the value of ChatGPT. AI literacy proved to be a strong predictor of students’ perception of usefulness, enjoyment, and fees for using ChatGPT in learning. However, AI literacy did not have an impact on students’ perceptions of using ChatGPT in learning. This study underscores the growing importance of integrating AI literacy into educational curricula to optimize the reception and utilization of innovative AI tools in academic scenarios. Future interventions aiming to boost the adoption of such tools should consider incorporating AI literacy components to maximize perceived value and, subsequently, use intention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Supporting Student Learning in Postsecondary Education)

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14 pages, 675 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nature Connectedness Reduces Internet Gaming Disorder: The Chain Mediating Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Desire Thinking

by Zihui Yuan, Fang Xu and Qingqi Liu

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 844; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090844 - 19 Sep 2024

While online gaming has become a choice for relaxation and entertainment in today’s digital age, Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has also become a widely concerning mental disorder. Nature connectedness has been found to effectively reduce addiction-related risks and alleviate symptoms of addictive behaviors. [...] Read more.

While online gaming has become a choice for relaxation and entertainment in today’s digital age, Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has also become a widely concerning mental disorder. Nature connectedness has been found to effectively reduce addiction-related risks and alleviate symptoms of addictive behaviors. It is a relatively lacking but very important factor influencing psychological recovery and regulation in the digital society. This study aims to explore the relationship between nature connectedness and IGD, and the mediating roles of intolerance of uncertainty and desire thinking. A total of 571 young people voluntarily participated in the questionnaire survey. The results showed that: (1) nature connectedness was negatively correlated with IGD; (2) intolerance of uncertainty plays a mediating role between nature connectedness and IGD; and (3) intolerance of uncertainty and desire thinking plays a chain mediating role between nature connectedness and IGD. Analysis of the research results indicates that nature connectedness can effectively reduce IGD and reveal its mechanism of action. The findings provide new insights for the study and intervention of IGD in the digital age. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Addiction Behavior)

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16 pages, 613 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Role of Sustainable Development Goals in Enhancing Courage, Proactive Career Behaviors, and Life Satisfaction

by Anna Parola and Cristiano Felaco

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 843; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090843 - 19 Sep 2024

Understanding the current challenges addressed in the goals of the 2030 United Nations Agenda can influence career choices, encouraging individuals to pursue careers that contribute positively to addressing them. This study examines the association between the propensity to consider the Sustainable Development Goals [...] Read more.

Understanding the current challenges addressed in the goals of the 2030 United Nations Agenda can influence career choices, encouraging individuals to pursue careers that contribute positively to addressing them. This study examines the association between the propensity to consider the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in relation to future educational and career paths, courage, proactive career behaviors and life satisfaction, and the mediating role of courage and proactive career behaviors on the association between the propensity to consider the SDGs in relation to future educational and career paths and life satisfaction. The study sample consisted of 314 Italian university students. The serial multiple mediation model was used to examine the direct, indirect, and total effects. The results showed that the propensity to consider SDGs in relation to future educational and career paths, through courage and proactive career behaviors, has a positive impact on life satisfaction. The findings of this study have led to several actionable policy recommendations. These advocate for the integration of activities related to modules on the SDGs into their curricula. In addition, practical implications for career guidance interventions are proposed to consider the role of the SDGs in future career planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Developmental Psychology)

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29 pages, 2412 KiB

Open AccessReview

Exploring Egalitarianism: A Conceptual and Methodological Review of Egalitarianism and Impacts on Positive Intergroup Relations

by Rachael J. Waldrop and Meg A. Warren

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 842; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090842 - 19 Sep 2024

Considerable research on intergroup relations emphasizes attitudes, motivations, and emotions that lead to the reduction of prejudice. While factors that actively promote positive intergroup interactions have been emerging, a central theoretical framework has not been formally proposed. To address this gap, we engaged [...] Read more.

Considerable research on intergroup relations emphasizes attitudes, motivations, and emotions that lead to the reduction of prejudice. While factors that actively promote positive intergroup interactions have been emerging, a central theoretical framework has not been formally proposed. To address this gap, we engaged a positive psychology lens to explore how researchers have defined key indicators and consider the positive counterparts of traditional prejudice-reduction models to begin building a new framework of egalitarianism. After scanning 16,840 records that emerged in PsycInfo using keywords “egalitarian”, “non-prejudice”, and “intergroup”, we assessed 158 articles for eligibility. Among the relevant articles (N = 54), we analyzed authors’ definitions, methods of measurement, types of processes, and outcomes associated with egalitarian values as they related to intergroup behavior. Overall, there was notable variability in how researchers conceptualized and studied egalitarianism. We discuss the five broad categories of egalitarianism (prejudice reduction, universal orientation, concern for others, positive expression, and low social dominance orientation) and how they relate to positive or negative and approach or avoidant outcomes. Through these findings, we urge scholars to utilize a centralized model for studying egalitarianism in intergroup contexts moving forward. Full article

17 pages, 810 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predictive Utility of the Multi-Process Action Control Framework for Self-Reported and Device-Measured Physical Activity Behavior of Adolescents

by Denver M. Y. Brown, Carah D. Porter, Christopher Huong, Claire I. Groves and Matthew Y. W. Kwan

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090841 - 19 Sep 2024

Understanding the correlates of physical activity behavior is imperative for informing the development of interventions to address the low rates of physical activity guideline adherence among adolescents living in the United States. This cross-sectional study examined the predictive utility of the Multi-Process Action [...] Read more.

Understanding the correlates of physical activity behavior is imperative for informing the development of interventions to address the low rates of physical activity guideline adherence among adolescents living in the United States. This cross-sectional study examined the predictive utility of the Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) framework for explaining self-reported and device-measured physical activity behavior among a Hispanic-majority sample of adolescents. A total of 1849 high school students (mean age = 16.0 ± 1.22 SD years; 52.3% women; 87.8% Hispanic) enrolled in one school district in south-central Texas completed a survey including instruments to assess M-PAC framework constructs (instrumental and affective attitudes, perceived capability and opportunity, behavioral regulation, habit, identity) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behavior. A subsample (n = 435) wore accelerometers for seven days. The results from robust linear regression models revealed role identity and habit were significant predictors of self-reported MVPA. Role identity was a significant predictor of accelerometer-derived daily MVPA and raw acceleration in the most active hour but not daily raw acceleration. The findings indicated reflexive processes are robust predictors of adolescent physical activity and should be the focus of interventions designed to promote adoption and maintenance of physical activity during this developmental life stage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Health Psychology)

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21 pages, 8971 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Relationship between Family Variables and Career Adaptability: A Meta-Analysis

by Zhuoxi Wang and Wei Dong

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090840 - 19 Sep 2024

This study aimed to examine the relationship between family variables (i.e., family support, family SES, parental career-related behavior (PCB) support, PCB interference, and a PCB lack of engagement) and career adaptability through a meta-analysis. A systematic search for relevant studies was conducted using [...] Read more.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between family variables (i.e., family support, family SES, parental career-related behavior (PCB) support, PCB interference, and a PCB lack of engagement) and career adaptability through a meta-analysis. A systematic search for relevant studies was conducted using research databases. Twenty-four quantitative studies were yielded from 1684 records on the association between family variables and CA that were published between 1981 and 2024. Two researchers conducted data extraction independently, following coding standards. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.3 was used in this study. The result showed that PCB support demonstrated a moderately significant correlation with CA and the largest effect size (r = 0.325). A non-significant result was found only for the correlation between PCB interference and CA. Except for gender, the moderating effects of region, age, CA measure, and publication year were found in the relationship between some family variables and CA. One limitation is the restricted range of the samples due to few studies investigating samples from regions other than Asia. The findings can highlight future directions for family studies and career research and hold practical implications for institutes, companies, and communities related to career development. This study was registered in the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/76HNQ). Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Developmental Psychology)

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15 pages, 418 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Veracity Judgments Based on Complications: A Training Experiment

by Haneen Deeb, Aldert Vrij, Jennifer Burkhardt, Sharon Leal and Samantha Mann

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090839 - 19 Sep 2024

Research has shown that complications are more common in truth tellers’ accounts than in lie tellers’ accounts, but there is currently no experiment that has examined the accuracy of observers’ veracity judgments when looking at complications. A total of 87 participants were asked [...] Read more.

Research has shown that complications are more common in truth tellers’ accounts than in lie tellers’ accounts, but there is currently no experiment that has examined the accuracy of observers’ veracity judgments when looking at complications. A total of 87 participants were asked to judge 10 transcripts (five truthful and five false) derived from a set of 59 transcripts generated in a previous experiment by Deeb et al. Approximately half of the participants were trained to detect complications (Trained), and the other half did not receive training (Untrained). Trained participants were more likely to look for complications, but they did not detect them accurately, and thus their veracity judgments did not improve beyond Untrained participants’ judgments. We discuss that the training may have been too brief or not sensitive enough to enhance decision-making. Full article

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18 pages, 666 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unpacking the Dynamics of AI-Based Language Learning: Flow, Grit, and Resilience in Chinese EFL Contexts

by Xiuwen Zhai, Ruijie Zhao, Yueying Jiang and Hanwei Wu

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 838; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090838 - 19 Sep 2024

Artificial intelligence and positive psychology play crucial roles in education, yet there is limited research on how these psychological factors influence learners’ use of AI, particularly in language education. Grounded in self-determination theory, this study investigates the factors influencing Chinese English learners’ intention [...] Read more.

Artificial intelligence and positive psychology play crucial roles in education, yet there is limited research on how these psychological factors influence learners’ use of AI, particularly in language education. Grounded in self-determination theory, this study investigates the factors influencing Chinese English learners’ intention to use AI for language learning. Utilizing structural equation modeling, this research examines the mediating roles of grit, flow, and resilience in the relationship between basic psychological needs and the intention to use AI. Data were analyzed using AMOS 26 and SPSS 26. The findings reveal that flow, grit, and resilience mediate the relationship between basic psychological needs and the intention to adopt AI tools for language learning. This study provides valuable insights into how educational environments can be designed to fulfill psychological needs, thereby fostering greater engagement and acceptance of AI in language education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Supporting Student Learning in Postsecondary Education)

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