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Driving Behavior during Takeover Request of Autonomous Vehicle: Effect of Driver Postures
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An Online Survey Testing Factorial Invariance of the Optimization in Primary and Secondary Control Scales among Older Couples in Japan and the US
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Passion for Violently Themed Music and Psychological Well-Being
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Virtual Reality Assessment of Executive Functions
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Readiness to Change: A Pathway to the Adoption of Trauma-Sensitive Teaching
Journal Description
Behavioral Sciences
Behavioral Sciences
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of psychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, behavioral biology and behavioral genetics published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SSCI (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: CiteScore - Q1 (Development)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 17.7 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.3 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2022).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.286 (2021);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.070 (2021)
Latest Articles
Study of Consumers’ Purchase Intentions on Community E-Commerce Platform with the SOR Model: A Case Study of China’s “Xiaohongshu” App
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020103 (registering DOI) - 26 Jan 2023
Abstract
As e-commerce flourishes, a new model known as community e-commerce has sprung up, which gathers users of the same interests and values and provides precise content marketing for specific groups, to satisfy the various demands of customers. Studying the influencing factors of community
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As e-commerce flourishes, a new model known as community e-commerce has sprung up, which gathers users of the same interests and values and provides precise content marketing for specific groups, to satisfy the various demands of customers. Studying the influencing factors of community e-commerce platforms on the purchasing willingness of customers can offer valuable references for a healthily developed community e-commerce. On the basis of the SOR model, this work establishes a structural model of the consumers’ purchase intentions on community e-commerce platforms. Citing the Xiaohongshu application, an analysis is conducted, using structural-equation modeling and questionnaire. The results show that the perceived value is positively influenced by the product features, content marketing, and community factors which prod customers to be ready to purchase. Based on the research conclusions, management suggestions are proposed, including building products with utmost cost–performance, emphasizing precise content-marketing, creating an active atmosphere in the community, and establishing the social responsibility of platforms, etc.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disruptive Economy, Digital Technologies and Consumption)
Open AccessArticle
The Relationship between Paranoid Tendencies and Cyberbullying among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement
by
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Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020102 (registering DOI) - 26 Jan 2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cyberbullying has become an essential public health psychological issue affecting people’s lives in the online ecology. However, previous studies have rarely examined adolescent paranoia, moral cognition, and cyberbullying in association. Therefore, this study was based on cognitive-behavioral theory to investigate the relationship
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BACKGROUND: Cyberbullying has become an essential public health psychological issue affecting people’s lives in the online ecology. However, previous studies have rarely examined adolescent paranoia, moral cognition, and cyberbullying in association. Therefore, this study was based on cognitive-behavioral theory to investigate the relationship between child-like paranoid tendencies, cyberbullying, and moral disengagement. METHODS: This study used the Paranoia Scale, Cyberbullying Scale, and Moral Disengagement Scale to conduct an anonymous online survey of 1519 adolescents in China. RESULTS: (1) Paranoid tendencies, moral disengagement, and cyberbullying were all significantly and positively correlated. Boys showed higher rates of moral disengagement, while girls showed higher rates of paranoid tendencies. (2) The direct effect of paranoid tendency on cyberbullying was significant (β = 0.31, p < 0.01). (3) There was a mediating effect of moral disengagement in the influence of paranoid tendencies on cyberbullying, with an effect proportion of 20.5%. CONCLUSION: Adolescent cyberbullying should be regulated at the family and social levels to enhance juvenile mental health issues and help them establish proper moral standards.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Cyberpsychology: The Influences of Internet and Online Applications in Daily Life)
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Design and Validation of a Test to Evaluate the Execution Time and Decision-Making in Technical–Tactical Football Actions (Passing and Driving)
by
, , , and
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020101 (registering DOI) - 26 Jan 2023
Abstract
Reaction time and decision-making (DMA) in football have usually been evaluated using edited images or videos of game situations. The purpose of this research is to design and validate a test that simultaneously evaluates execution time (ET) and decision-making (DMA) in the subcategories
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Reaction time and decision-making (DMA) in football have usually been evaluated using edited images or videos of game situations. The purpose of this research is to design and validate a test that simultaneously evaluates execution time (ET) and decision-making (DMA) in the subcategories of type of action (TA) and direction of movement (DM). Methodology: A quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study of 30 young players. A total of 32 stimuli were programmed, corresponding to 64 responses, from which the total index (TI) was obtained from the division between DMA and ET. Results: The content validity index (CVI = 0,78) showed a high degree of consensus among experts. In the validation process, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess intraclass and interobserver reliability, and a moderate level of agreement was found between subjects for the TA (ICC = 0.593) and ET (ICC = 0.602) and a moderate high level of concordance for DM (ICC = 0.804) and TI (ICC = 0.855). Regarding interobserver reliability, an excellent level of agreement was found for all variables: TA (ICC = 0.998), DM (ICC = 0.998), ET (ICC = 1.000), and TI (ICC = 1.000). For the relationship between intraobserver and interobserver variables, statistical significance was established as p < 0.01. Finally, the intraobserver ETM (5.40%) and interobserver ETM (0.42%) was low compared with the reference value (5.9%). Conclusion: The designed test meets the validity criteria since the variables show sufficient intraclass reliability (test–retest) and reliability among observers.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Control and Interaction)
Open AccessArticle
Correlations among Psychological Resilience, Cognitive Fusion, and Depressed Emotions in Patients with Depression
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020100 - 25 Jan 2023
Abstract
Background: More than 300 million people worldwide suffer from depression, which is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. This study investigated the factors influencing psychological resilience and cognitive fusion in patients with depression and the relationships of psychological resilience and
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Background: More than 300 million people worldwide suffer from depression, which is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. This study investigated the factors influencing psychological resilience and cognitive fusion in patients with depression and the relationships of psychological resilience and cognitive fusion with depression. Methods: This study enrolled 172 participants (65.8% of them were female). Psychological resilience, cognitive fusion, and depression were assessed with the psychological resilience scale, the cognitive fusion questionnaire, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), respectively. Furthermore, the relationships of psychological resilience and cognitive fusion with depression were investigated. Results: The psychological resilience and cognitive fusion scores of patients with depression varied significantly among different education levels, and HAMA, HAMD, and SDS scores were significantly negatively correlated with psychological resilience but positively correlated with cognitive fusion. Conclusions: Depression levels in patients with depression are closely related to psychological resilience and cognitive fusion. Therefore, anxiety and depression could be alleviated by improving the psychological resilience or reducing the cognitive fusion of patients with depression.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Psychology Research and Public Health)
Open AccessArticle
Implicit Knowledge Acquisition and Potential Challenges for Advanced Chinese and Spanish EFL Learners: A Word Monitoring Test on English Questions
by
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Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020099 - 24 Jan 2023
Abstract
This study aims to explore whether advanced EFL learners can acquire implicit knowledge of basic sentence structures, such as English questions. We ran a reaction-time experiment, a word monitoring test experiment to test learners’ implicit knowledge by checking advanced EFL learners’ grammatical sensitivity
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This study aims to explore whether advanced EFL learners can acquire implicit knowledge of basic sentence structures, such as English questions. We ran a reaction-time experiment, a word monitoring test experiment to test learners’ implicit knowledge by checking advanced EFL learners’ grammatical sensitivity to English questions with five types of grammatical errors. The study recruited three groups of participants: native English speakers (n = 12), advanced Chinese EFL learners (n = 32), and advanced Spanish EFL learners (n = 37). Our results revealed that advanced EFL learners had not yet attained native-equivalent implicit grammar knowledge in English questions, despite their English proficiency level. The results also indicated that the learners’ different L1 languages do not impact advanced learners’ overall implicit knowledge acquisition but constitute influential factors for particular morphosyntactic inflections in English question formation.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behaviors That Affect the Learning Process in High School and University)
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Motivational Understanding of MOOC Learning: The Impacts of Technology Fit and Subjective Norms
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020098 - 23 Jan 2023
Abstract
This study examines the mechanisms underlying the relationship between motivation and massive open online course (MOOC) learning intention, and the contextual moderators that affect this mechanism. Drawing on motivational theory and the related literature, this study investigates how motivation affects students’ intention to
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This study examines the mechanisms underlying the relationship between motivation and massive open online course (MOOC) learning intention, and the contextual moderators that affect this mechanism. Drawing on motivational theory and the related literature, this study investigates how motivation affects students’ intention to learn with MOOCs and the related meditation and moderation effects. The findings of our study show that both extrinsic and intrinsic motivations have a significant influence on intention to learn with MOOCs. In addition, the results also suggest that the relationship between extrinsic motivation and intention to learn is mediated by the technology fit perceived by learners but not the relationship between intrinsic motivation and intention to learn. Furthermore, the relationships between both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation and intention to learn are moderated by subjective norms. This study enriches the extant literature on the impact of technology fit and subjective norms on MOOC learning. Few studies have focused on how students can be effectively encouraged to take MOOCs. Given the lack of theoretical and empirical research, this study developed a theoretical model and conducted an empirical study to fill the research gap.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Educational Psychology)
Open AccessEditorial
Epilepsy: A Multifaced Spectrum Disorder
by
, , , , , and
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020097 - 23 Jan 2023
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most widespread chronic conditions, affecting about 50 million people worldwide [...]
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Multiple Facets of Epilepsy)
Open AccessReview
Food Restriction in Anorexia Nervosa in the Light of Modern Learning Theory: A Narrative Review
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020096 - 23 Jan 2023
Abstract
Improvements in the clinical management of anorexia nervosa (AN) are urgently needed. To do so, the search for innovative approaches continues at laboratory and clinical levels to translate new findings into more effective treatments. In this sense, modern learning theory provides a unifying
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Improvements in the clinical management of anorexia nervosa (AN) are urgently needed. To do so, the search for innovative approaches continues at laboratory and clinical levels to translate new findings into more effective treatments. In this sense, modern learning theory provides a unifying framework that connects concepts, methodologies and data from preclinical and clinical research to inspire novel interventions in the field of psychopathology in general, and of disordered eating in particular. Indeed, learning is thought to be a crucial factor in the development/regulation of normal and pathological eating behaviour. Thus, the present review not only tries to provide a comprehensive overview of modern learning research in the field of AN, but also follows a transdiagnostic perspective to offer testable explanations for the origin and maintenance of pathological food rejection. This narrative review was informed by a systematic search of research papers in the electronic databases PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science following PRISMA methodology. By considering the number and type of associations (Pavlovian, goal-directed or habitual) and the affective nature of conditioning processes (appetitive versus aversive), this approach can explain many features of AN, including why some patients restrict food intake to the point of life-threatening starvation and others restrict calorie intake to lose weight and binge on a regular basis. Nonetheless, it is striking how little impact modern learning theory has had on the current AN research agenda and practice.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychopathological Analysis and Intervention for Anorexia Nervosa: Using Associative‐Learning Mechanisms)
Open AccessArticle
A Study on the Willingness and Factors Influencing the Digital Upgrade of Rural E-Commerce
by
and
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020095 - 23 Jan 2023
Abstract
The current problems of the low digital upgrading of rural e-commerce, single marketing method and high homogeneous competition will seriously hinder the development of rural e-commerce and rural revitalization. Therefore, finding how to guide the digital upgrading of rural e-commerce will be a
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The current problems of the low digital upgrading of rural e-commerce, single marketing method and high homogeneous competition will seriously hinder the development of rural e-commerce and rural revitalization. Therefore, finding how to guide the digital upgrading of rural e-commerce will be a key step in achieving rural revitalization and common prosperity. Based on 1387 Zhejiang rural e-commerce digital upgrading questionnaires, this paper analyzes willingness regarding rural e-commerce digital upgrading and its influencing factors using planned behavior theory and structural equation modeling. The findings show that (1) behavioral attitudes are the main influencing factors of upgrading willingness, and subjective norms are secondary influencing factors; (2) in terms of the behavioral attitudes of rural e-merchants, the greater the proportion of their online sales or the higher the proportion of online income, the better behavioral attitudes formed on this basis can promote the willingness to digitally upgrade rural e-merchants; (3) in terms of subjective norms, when rural e-merchant subjects perceive that the increased local participation in e-merchant association is too large or online income tends to saturate the total income, the more subjective norms can influence their willingness to digitally upgrade.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Decision Making Behaviors in Management and Marketing)
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Assessing Factors That Influence Womenpreneurs’ Intention to Use Technology: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
by
, , , and
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020094 - 23 Jan 2023
Abstract
The growth of financial literacy is significant nowadays. Because of this, more people are becoming increasingly responsible in their financial planning, investments, and living expenses. In developing new technology, it is necessary to know the technological acceptance of the prospective users of the
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The growth of financial literacy is significant nowadays. Because of this, more people are becoming increasingly responsible in their financial planning, investments, and living expenses. In developing new technology, it is necessary to know the technological acceptance of the prospective users of the technology itself. This study aims to identify the primary factors influencing the technology acceptance levels of lower-middle socio-economic users for a digital financial literacy application. The proposed model in this research was developed based on UTAUT, TAM, and Usability model, and it consists of six primary constructs: (1) Performance Expectancy; (2) Effort Expectancy; (3) Social Influence; (4) Resources and Cost; (5) Satisfaction; (6) Behavior Intention. All the hypotheses used in this study were statistically measured using SmartPLS tools. This study found that because many lower-middle socio-economic users lack sufficient understanding of technology to properly utilize it, that a digital platform is not the right tool to teach them financial literacy.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Decision Making Behaviors in Management and Marketing)
Open AccessArticle
Academics–Athletics Conflict and College Athletes’ Well-Being: The Mediating Effect of Negative Emotions and the Moderating Effect of Life Motivation
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020093 - 22 Jan 2023
Abstract
For college athletes who perform dual roles (student and athlete), the academics–athletics conflict is inevitable in daily life. Although existing studies have focused on the adverse effects of this conflict on the well-being of college athletes, they have not yet determined the underlying
[...] Read more.
For college athletes who perform dual roles (student and athlete), the academics–athletics conflict is inevitable in daily life. Although existing studies have focused on the adverse effects of this conflict on the well-being of college athletes, they have not yet determined the underlying mechanism and effective measures to alleviate it. To explore the underlying mechanism of academics–athletics conflict, which affects the well-being of college athletes, we constructed a moderated mediating model to examine the critical role of negative emotions and life motivation in the relationship between them. The study randomly selected 802 college athletes from China to examine the relationships between academics–athletics conflict, negative emotions, eudaimonic motives, hedonic motives, and life satisfaction. The results showed that (1) negative emotions played an important mediating role between academics–athletics conflict and college athletes’ life satisfaction, with more than 79% of the effect of academics–athletics conflict being achieved through negative emotions. (2) Eudaimonic motives significantly moderated the first half of the mediation path of negative emotions between academics–athletics conflict and life satisfaction. Individuals with high eudaimonic motives experienced fewer negative emotions in the medium and weak conflict conditions. (3) Hedonic motives had a significant moderating effect on the second half of the mediation path. Individuals with high hedonic motives had greater life satisfaction across negative emotion conditions. This study provides important insights for a comprehensive understanding and in-depth study of the relationship between conflict and the well-being of college athletes, as well as a reference for the quality-of-life enhancement and motivation development for college athletes.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Social Psychology)
Open AccessArticle
Working Memory Capacity Depends on Attention Control, but Not Selective Attention
by
, , , , and
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020092 - 22 Jan 2023
Abstract
Working memory and attention are interrelated constructs that are sometimes even considered indistinguishable. Since attention is not a uniform construct, it is possible that different types of attention affect working memory capacity differently. To clarify this issue, we investigated the relationship between working
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Working memory and attention are interrelated constructs that are sometimes even considered indistinguishable. Since attention is not a uniform construct, it is possible that different types of attention affect working memory capacity differently. To clarify this issue, we investigated the relationship between working memory capacity and various components of attention. The sample consisted of 136 healthy adult participants aged 18 to 37 years (M = 20.58, SD = 2.74). Participants performed tasks typically used to assess working memory (operation span, change detection, simple digit span, and adaptive digit span tasks), selective attention (visual search task), and attention control (Stroop and antisaccade tasks). We tested several models with working memory and attention, either as a unitary factor or being divided into selective attention and attention control factors. A confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model with three latent variables—working memory capacity, attention control, and selective attention—fit the data best. Results showed that working memory and attention are distinct but correlated constructs: working memory capacity was only related to attention control, whereas attention control was related to both constructs. We propose that differences in working memory capacity are determined only by the ability to maintain attention on the task, while differences in the ability to filter out non-salient distractors are not related to working memory capacity.
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(This article belongs to the Section Cognition)
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The Relationship among Dyadic Adjustment and Disease Burden in Patients with Bipolar Disorder and Their Spouses
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, , , , and
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020091 - 22 Jan 2023
Abstract
(1) Background: Spouses of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) experience significant burdens, and the perception of the burden may affect dyadic adjustment. We aimed to investigate the sexual functions, alexithymic traits, marital satisfaction, and burden in patients with BD and their spouses. We
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(1) Background: Spouses of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) experience significant burdens, and the perception of the burden may affect dyadic adjustment. We aimed to investigate the sexual functions, alexithymic traits, marital satisfaction, and burden in patients with BD and their spouses. We also aimed to assess the mediating role of sexual functions and alexithymia in the relationship between burden and dyadic adjustment. (2) Methods: We included 81 patients with BD type 1 (40.69 ± 8.55 years, 65.4% female, and 34.6% male) and their healthy spouses (40.95 ± 7.30 years, 34.6% female, and 65.4% male) and 78 healthy controls (38.90 ± 5.88, 48.7% female, and 51.3% male). The participants were evaluated using the Golombok–Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), and Burden Assessment Scale (BAS). (3) Results: The GRISS scores of the control group were significantly lower than the spouses and BD groups. The DAS total score of the control group was significantly higher than that of the spouses and BD groups. Regression analyses revealed that TAS, GRISS, and HDRS scores were associated with DAS scores in the BD group. In the spouse group, TAS and BAS scores were associated with DAS scores. The GRISS scores partially mediated the relationship between dyadic adjustment and burden in the spouses of patients with BD. (4) Conclusions: Mental health professionals should regularly scan caregivers’ perceptions of burden. Appropriate psychosocial interventions could help spouses of patients with BD to cope better with the burden and improve dyadic adjustment.
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(This article belongs to the Section Psychiatric, Emotional and Behavioral Disorders)
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Factors Influencing Sexual Violence Situation Witnessing Experience: For Korean Occupational Soldiers
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020090 - 22 Jan 2023
Abstract
This study explored the influencing factors related to the possibility of a military colleague’s intervention by comparing the awareness of sexual violence, gender consciousness, social self-efficacy, and self-esteem of Korean occupational soldiers related to the experience of witnessing sexual violence. From 4 September
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This study explored the influencing factors related to the possibility of a military colleague’s intervention by comparing the awareness of sexual violence, gender consciousness, social self-efficacy, and self-esteem of Korean occupational soldiers related to the experience of witnessing sexual violence. From 4 September to 3 November 2022, an online survey was conducted targeting occupational soldiers working in all regions of South Korea by collecting snowball samples with gender allocation applied. Subjects responded to questions about sexual violence awareness, gender consciousness, witnessing sexual violence, social self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Data were collected until the number of professional soldiers with witnessing experience met the minimum target number by checking whether they had witnessed sexual violence among the response results. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and logistic regression. There were 102 subjects (40.9%) who had witnessed sexual violence by their military colleagues, and there were significant differences in sexual violence awareness, gender awareness, and social self-efficacy according to whether they had witnessed sexual violence. Compared to the unexperienced group, the group who witnessed sexual violence by their military colleagues showed significantly higher sexual violence awareness by 2.01 times and social self-efficacy by 2.27 times. In order to prevent sexual violence among occupational soldiers, it is necessary for military colleagues to play the role of active bystanders and witnesses. To this end, it is necessary to develop an educational direction and bystander’s witnessing program related to the improvement of the unit’s sexual violence awareness, gender awareness, and social role as a soldier.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
AI Experience Predicts Identification with Humankind
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Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020089 - 21 Jan 2023
Abstract
Artificial intelligence is becoming a potential outgroup of humans, which, according to social identity theory, may make humanity more salient. To explore how identification with humankind correlates to being exposed to artificial intelligence, we developed an AI Experience Questionnaire to measure this relationship
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Artificial intelligence is becoming a potential outgroup of humans, which, according to social identity theory, may make humanity more salient. To explore how identification with humankind correlates to being exposed to artificial intelligence, we developed an AI Experience Questionnaire to measure this relationship and demonstrated that AI experience positively predicted human identity (Study 1a, N = 806). This correlation held when controlling for AI threats, educational level, international mobility experience, gender, and age (Study 2, N = 981, Mage = 27.55 ± 6.74; 448 males, 533 females). Study 1a also demonstrated that AI awareness—consisting of perceived anthropomorphism and perceived proximity—mediated the relationship between AI experience and human identity. This mediation model was replicated half a year later (Study 1b, N = 886). Moreover, a moderation analysis demonstrated that for both Easterners and Westerners, the correlation between AI experience and human identity was significantly positive; however, Western culture amplified the correlation (Study 3; N = 177, Mage = 32.35 ± 10.99; 90 Easterners, 87 Westerners). To conclude, persons with more AI experience may be more inclined to perceive AI as an outgroup of humans, and therefore AI experience positively predicts identification with humankind.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Picturing Morality from Multidisciplinary Perspectives)
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Exercise Predicts a Good Night’s Sleep: Preliminary Findings from a UCLA Study of First-Episode Schizophrenia
by
, , , , , , , , , , and
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020088 - 21 Jan 2023
Abstract
Background: Physical exercise can improve sleep quality in the general population. Understanding the negative impact of poor sleep quality on multiple domains of functioning among persons with schizophrenia is a new frontier of exploration. It is also imperative to investigate non-pharmacologic methods to
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Background: Physical exercise can improve sleep quality in the general population. Understanding the negative impact of poor sleep quality on multiple domains of functioning among persons with schizophrenia is a new frontier of exploration. It is also imperative to investigate non-pharmacologic methods to improve sleep quality as these approaches may not carry the side effect burdens associated with medication. Objective: We examined the relationship between regular physical exercise and sleep quality among participants in an intervention consisting of both cognitive training and exercise. Methods: Participants (N = 48) were schizophrenia patients who had a first psychotic episode within two years of study entry. Participants received 4 h/week of internet-based cognitive training and an aerobic exercise program over a 6-month period. Sleep was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at baseline and six months later. Results: During the 3 months prior to the 6-month follow-up sleep assessment, participants completed an average of 12.6 group exercise sessions and an average of 12.9 individual at-home exercise sessions. A significant relationship between the number of exercise sessions and global sleep quality was seen at month six, r = −0.44, df = 39, p < 0.01. Group exercise frequency was also associated with improvement in global sleep quality over the six-month intervention, t(34) = −2.84, p = 0.008. Conclusion: We demonstrated that a group of young adults with schizophrenia can be engaged in a regular exercise program, even during the tumultuous early course of the disorder. The number of exercise sessions in which they participated was associated with better sleep quality at six months and pre–postintervention improvement in sleep quality. Key message: Improved sleep quality appears to be a benefit of regular exercise among individuals with serious mental illness.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Behaviors and Outcomes across the Schizophrenia-Spectrum)
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Explaining the Consumption Technology Acceptance in the Elderly Post-Pandemic: Effort Expectancy Does Not Matter
by
, , , and
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020087 - 21 Jan 2023
Abstract
Consumer technology has been enormously boosted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with one of the primary consumers being the elderly. In this scenario, it is necessary to consider the impact of technologies on different older generational cohorts to understand the future of a data-driven
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Consumer technology has been enormously boosted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with one of the primary consumers being the elderly. In this scenario, it is necessary to consider the impact of technologies on different older generational cohorts to understand the future of a data-driven digital society fully. This research aims to explain the acceptance of social networking sites, a particular consumer technology, in the post-pandemic elderly population. Data were obtained from 1555 older adults in Chile based on a consumer technology acceptance model. The respondents were grouped according to their technological predisposition and their generation into three groups. Applying a multigroup analysis based on structural equation modelling reveals significant differences in the explanatory variables of the intention and use of this technology between the groups. And more remarkably, the effort expectancy is not statistically significant as a variable to explain this acceptance globally in either of the three groups. There are two principal contributions of this study. First, it shows why adults adopt consumer technology after the pandemic. Second, it validates a classification of elderly adults who use consumption technologies that are useful in understanding the heterogeneity of this phenomenon.
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Open AccessArticle
Relationships among Depressive Symptoms, Body Weight, and Chronic Pain: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Shika Study
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Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020086 - 20 Jan 2023
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Although depression and body weight have individually been associated with chronic pain (CP), it currently remains unclear whether the combination of depressive symptoms (DS) and being underweight/overweight is related to CP. Therefore, we herein investigated the relationships among depression, body mass index (BMI),
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Although depression and body weight have individually been associated with chronic pain (CP), it currently remains unclear whether the combination of depressive symptoms (DS) and being underweight/overweight is related to CP. Therefore, we herein investigated the relationships among depression, body mass index (BMI), and CP in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly individuals. Participants comprised 2216 inhabitants of Shika town in Ishikawa prefecture, Japan, including 1003 males (mean age of 68.72 years, standard deviation (SD) of 8.36) and 1213 females (mean age of 69.65 years, SD of 9.36). CP and DS were assessed using a CP questionnaire and Geriatric Depression Scale-15, respectively. The Breslow–Day test indicated that DS positively correlated with lumbar/knee pain in the BMI < 25 group, but not in the BMI ≥ 25 group. Furthermore, lumber/knee pain was related to a higher BMI. These results were confirmed by a logistic analysis with age, sex, BMI, solitary living, the duration of education, no exercise/hobbies, smoking history, alcohol intake, and medical treatment for diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or hypertension as confounding factors. The present study indicates the importance of considering DS and BMI in the prevention of CP. Further studies are needed to clarify the causal relationships among depression, BMI, and CP.
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Risk Factors in Specialists and Generalists of Child-to-Parent Violence: Gender Differences and Predictors of Reactive and Proactive Reasons
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020085 - 19 Jan 2023
Abstract
Recent research on child-to-parent violence (CPV) is advancing in the analysis of the specialist profile (aggressors who show only CPV) and the generalist profile (aggressors who show peer violence in addition to CPV). However, although differences have been found between girls and boys
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Recent research on child-to-parent violence (CPV) is advancing in the analysis of the specialist profile (aggressors who show only CPV) and the generalist profile (aggressors who show peer violence in addition to CPV). However, although differences have been found between girls and boys in the risk factors for CPV, there are no studies that analyze these differences according to the type of aggressor. Likewise, the importance of identifying the factors that differentially predict reactive and proactive CPV has been noted but has not been examined in different types of aggressors. The aims of this study were to examine gender differences in CPV patterns, emotional intelligence, parental victimization, and parental permissiveness and to analyze whether these variables predict reactive and proactive CPV, both according to aggressor type. A total of 1559 Spanish CPV aggressors (54.6% females) aged between 12 and 18 years from educational centers participated in the study (22.4% exercised only CPV (specialists) and 77.6% exercised peer violence in addition to CPV (generalists)). In general, no differences were found between girls and boys in the specialist profile, but differences were found in the generalist profile. Specifically, generalist girls exercised more psychological and control/domain violence toward mothers, while boys exercised more physical violence toward fathers and had more parental permissiveness. In specialists, parental victimization predicted reactive CPV, while parental permissiveness predicted proactive CPV. In contrast, in generalists, both parental victimization and parental permissiveness predicted both reactive and proactive CPV. Low emotional regulation was a significant predictor in both cases. This study identifies differences among girls and boys in CPV risk factors and among variables that predict reactive and proactive CPV and that these results differ between specialist and generalist aggressors. Implications for research and professional practice are discussed, highlighting the need to design and implement prevention and intervention programs specialized in the type of aggressor, paying special attention to gender differences and to the factors that motivate one or the other type of CPV.
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(This article belongs to the Section Social Psychology)
Open AccessArticle
Hotel Employees’ Burnout and Intention to Quit: The Role of Psychological Distress and Financial Well-Being in a Moderation Mediation Model
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020084 - 19 Jan 2023
Abstract
Continuous changes, such as pandemics and increasing competition, as well as high workload, affect the workplace behavior of hotel organizations today, resulting in employee burnout and intention to quit. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of burnout on intention
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Continuous changes, such as pandemics and increasing competition, as well as high workload, affect the workplace behavior of hotel organizations today, resulting in employee burnout and intention to quit. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of burnout on intention to quit among male hotel employees, integrating the mediating effect of psychological distress and moderating effect of financial well-being. Male employees in four- and five-star hotels in the UAE completed a total of 304 questionnaires. All direct relationships were positive and statistically significant, there was a partial mediating relationship, and only one of the moderating effects was statistically significant. This study found that burnout predicts the intention to quit as well as psychological distress. Psychological distress partially mediates the relationship between burnout and the intention to quit. Financial well-being moderates the relationship between burnout and psychological distress—making this relationship stronger for employees with high-income prospects—but not the relationship between burnout and intention to quit; regardless of the financial well-being of the employee, burnout will lead to the intention to quit their job. Hotel organizations must be aware of the consequences of employee burnout and concentrate on identifying and treating its causes.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Important Perspectives on Workplace Relationships)

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