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Recent Articles  

12 pages, 476 KiB  
Review
Psychological Treatments for Alexithymia: A Systematic Review
by Kanako Tsubaki and Eiji Shimizu
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(12), 1173; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14121173 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Alexithymia, a psychological condition characterized by emotional suppression, is positively correlated with depression and anxiety and can develop into various mental disorders. Although alexithymia affects 10% of the symptomatic population and 25% of psychiatric patients, there has been a paucity of intervention studies. [...] Read more.
Alexithymia, a psychological condition characterized by emotional suppression, is positively correlated with depression and anxiety and can develop into various mental disorders. Although alexithymia affects 10% of the symptomatic population and 25% of psychiatric patients, there has been a paucity of intervention studies. Even though several effective psychological treatments, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), have been tested in recent years, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on their efficacy. The objectives of this systematic review were to explore and synthesize findings from recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about psychological treatments, with the following inclusion criteria: (1) published from 2010 to 2024; (2) full text being available in English; (3) peer-reviewed journals; and (4) baselines and outcomes measured by TAS-20 and raw data were provided. We excluded non-psychological studies and studies involving mindfulness and DBT. We searched electronic databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar) and found 18 RCTs and 21 arms for alexithymia, with a combined total of 1251 participants. Fourteen arms (67%) investigated the effect of CBT on alexithymia, including acceptance and commitment therapy (seven arms), behavioral activation therapy (two arms), schema therapy, and compassion-focused therapy. The results indicated that most psychological interventions significantly decreased TAS-20, illustrating a showcase of treatments from each trial with different effect sizes (within-intervention group, ranging from 0.41 to 13.25). However, due to the heterogeneity between the studies, this review study may not be conclusive enough to make each intervention standardized. Further high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes and more consistent methodologies are needed, and corrective findings from such studies should be applied to produce more robust evidence-based psychological interventions for treating alexithymia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interventions for Depression and Anxiety: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
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24 pages, 6996 KiB  
Article
Wind and Photovoltaic Power Generation Forecasting for Virtual Power Plants Based on the Fusion of Improved K-Means Cluster Analysis and Deep Learning
by Zhichao Qiu, Ye Tian, Yanhong Luo, Taiyu Gu and Hengyu Liu
Sustainability 2024, 16(23), 10740; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310740 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Virtual power plants (VPPs) have emerged as an innovative solution for modern power systems, particularly for integrating renewable energy sources. This study proposes a novel prediction approach combining improved K-means clustering with Time Convolutional Networks (TCNs), a Bi-directional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU), and [...] Read more.
Virtual power plants (VPPs) have emerged as an innovative solution for modern power systems, particularly for integrating renewable energy sources. This study proposes a novel prediction approach combining improved K-means clustering with Time Convolutional Networks (TCNs), a Bi-directional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU), and an attention mechanism to enhance the forecasting accuracy of wind and photovoltaic power generation in VPPs. The proposed TCN-BiGRU-Attention model demonstrates superior predictive performance compared to traditional models, achieving high accuracy and robustness. These results provide a reliable basis for optimizing VPP operations and integrating renewable energy sources effectively. Full article
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10 pages, 733 KiB  
Article
Validity of Pleth Variability Index to Predict Fluid Responsiveness in Patients Undergoing Cervical Spine Surgery in the Modified Prone Position
by Won Uk Koh, Dong-Ho Lee, Young-Jin Ro and Hee-Sun Park
Medicina 2024, 60(12), 2018; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60122018 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Background and Objective: The modified prone position, which is an alteration of the standard prone position, reduces cardiac preload. Dynamic variables including stroke volume variation (SVV), pulse pressure variation (PPV), and pleth variability index (PVI) are reliable predictors for fluid responsiveness during [...] Read more.
Background and Objective: The modified prone position, which is an alteration of the standard prone position, reduces cardiac preload. Dynamic variables including stroke volume variation (SVV), pulse pressure variation (PPV), and pleth variability index (PVI) are reliable predictors for fluid responsiveness during surgery. To the best of our knowledge, no studies assessing dynamic variables for fluid responsiveness have been conducted in the modified prone position. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of PVI to predict fluid responsiveness in the modified prone position during cervical spine surgery. Materials and Methods: PVI, SVV, and PPV were recorded at the following times: before and after a 4 mL/kg crystalloid load in the supine position (T1, T2); after placement in the modified prone position (T3); and before and after a 4 mL/kg crystalloid administration in the modified prone position (T4, T5). Fluid responsiveness was defined as stroke volume (SV) ≥ 15%, assessed by the FloTrac/Vigileo™ (Edwards Lifesciences Corp, Irvine, CA, USA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed to identify changes in each dynamic variable that could predict fluid responsiveness in the modified prone position. Results: Data from a total of 43 subjects were analyzed. In the supine position, 21 subjects were responders. After subjects were placed in the modified prone position, SV significantly decreased, while PVI, SVV, and PPV significantly increased (p < 0.001 for all). In the modified prone position, 13 subjects were responders, and the areas under the ROC curves for ΔPVI, ΔSVV, and ΔPPV after fluid loading were 0.524 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.329–0.730, p = 0.476), 0.749 (95% CI 0.566–0.931, p = 0.004), and 0.790 (95% CI 0.641–0.938, p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Crystalloid pre-loading could not mitigate the decrease in SV caused by the modified prone position. Changes in PVI were less reliable in predicting fluid responsiveness in the modified prone position. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Intensive Care/ Anesthesiology)
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13 pages, 1746 KiB  
Article
Effects of Climate Change on the Fish Community, and Rhynchocypris kumgangensis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) Distribution in Deogyusan National Park
by Soonku So, Yun-Jeong Cho, Ji Eun Jang, Su-Hyang Yoo and Jae-Goo Kim
Water 2024, 16(23), 3523; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16233523 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Rhynchocypris kumgangensis, endemic to Korea, is limited to the upper Hangang River and Gucheondongcheon Stream. As a key and climate-sensitive biological indicator species in the Deogyusan National Park, it has a southern range limit in the Gucheondong Valley. Due to climate change, [...] Read more.
Rhynchocypris kumgangensis, endemic to Korea, is limited to the upper Hangang River and Gucheondongcheon Stream. As a key and climate-sensitive biological indicator species in the Deogyusan National Park, it has a southern range limit in the Gucheondong Valley. Due to climate change, notable shifts in the activity, distribution, and population of R. kumgangensis on the Gucheondongcheon Stream are expected. This study examined trends between the 2020 field survey and previous surveys (2014–2018) for fish faunal changes at 13 sites in the Deogyusan National Park and for the population changes of R. kumgangensis at four sites in the Gucheondongcheon Stream. At 13 sites, we identified 996 individuals of 17 fish species in seven families, including 2 endangered (Pseudopungtungia nigra, Hemibarbus mylodon) and 11 Korea-endemic species. The Fish Assessment Index (FAI) of the 13 sites in the Deogyusan National Park was analyzed and found to be of A-grade in both the 2020 and past surveys, with high scores in all M1–M8 categories. Both the results of CCA and field surveys between the entire fish community and pH, DO, and water temperature revealed that the population of R. kumgangensis had a narrower distribution range and was more sensitive to water temperature than the same cold-water fish, R. oxycephalus. Climate change has been identified as causing the annual maximum temperature (°C) in the Deogyusan National Park to increase year on year and the R. kumgangensis population to decline, suggesting that the time for conservation efforts is “now”. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Management of Eutrophication, Harmful Algal Bloom and Ecological Health in Freshwater Ecosystems)
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19 pages, 1316 KiB  
Review
The Protein Corona on Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting in Prostate Cancer—A Review of the Literature and Experimental Trial Protocol
by Giulio Bevilacqua, Roberta Corvino, Anna Laura Capriotti, Carmela Maria Montone, Martina Moriconi, Stefano Salciccia, Valentina Brunelli, Valerio Santarelli, Beatrice Sciarra, Aldo Laganà, Daniele Santini, Alessandro Sciarra and Alessandro Gentilucci
Biology 2024, 13(12), 1024; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121024 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) recognizes the potential of technologies based on the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in revolutionizing clinical approaches to the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Recent research suggests that once NPs come into contact with the biological fluid of cancer [...] Read more.
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) recognizes the potential of technologies based on the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in revolutionizing clinical approaches to the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Recent research suggests that once NPs come into contact with the biological fluid of cancer patients, they are covered by proteins, forming a “protein corona” composed of hundreds of plasma proteins. The concept of a personalized, disease-specific protein corona, demonstrating substantial differences in NP corona profiles between patients with and without cancer, has been introduced. We developed the design of an experimental prospective single-center study with patients allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio of one of three arms: untreated patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), untreated patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), and metastatic prostate cancer patients starting systemic therapies with new androgen-targeted agents or taxanes. The protocol aims to develop and implement sensitive nanotools with two distinct objectives: First, to design NPs capable of selectively binding and detecting biomarkers in order to build a predictive diagnostic model to effectively discriminate between patient sera affected by BPH and PCa. Secondly, within the population with PCa, in the case of initial advanced metastatic diagnosis, the objective is to find biomarkers capable of predicting the response to systemic treatments to improve the precision and efficiency of monitoring treatment outcomes. For protein and metabolite corona experiments, we developed a cross-reactive sensor array platform with cancer detection capacity made of three liposomal formulations with different surface charges. For proteomic-NP studies, proteins were identified and quantified using nano-high-performance LC (nanoHPLC) coupled with MS/MS (nanoHPLC−MS/MS). Metabolites were instead analyzed using an untargeted metabolomic approach. Compared with previous review articles, the novelty of this review is represented by the analysis of the possible clinical applications of protein corona NPs focused on PCa and the presentation of a new clinical protocol in the metastatic phase of PCa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Sight in Cancer Genetics)
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20 pages, 1969 KiB  
Article
Trophic Structure and Isotopic Niche of Invaded Benthic Communities on Tropical Rocky Shores
by Larissa M. Pires-Teixeira, Vinicius Neres-Lima, Plínio C. Barbosa and Joel C. Creed
Biology 2024, 13(12), 1023; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121023 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
When a species is introduced in a new location, it is common for it to establish itself when it finds favorable conditions in the receptor community with regard to interspecific interactions with native species. The azooxanthellate corals Tubastraea coccinea and Tubastraea tagusensis are invasive [...] Read more.
When a species is introduced in a new location, it is common for it to establish itself when it finds favorable conditions in the receptor community with regard to interspecific interactions with native species. The azooxanthellate corals Tubastraea coccinea and Tubastraea tagusensis are invasive species introduced in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Brazilian Southwest Atlantic. They are successful competitors for space, have multiple reproductive modes, and have high larval dispersion and recruitment, but studies on food and trophic relationships of the genus Tubastraea are still scarce. In the present study, we used isotopic values of δ13C and δ15N to investigate trophic relationships in rocky shore communities invaded by T. tagusensis and T. coccinea corals under different oceanographic and anthropogenic contexts. Using metrics derived from the isotopic values, we show that invaded communities have a lower degree of trophic diversity, with species characterized by similar trophic ecologies while abiotic factors seem to contribute to the biotic resistance of communities exposed to invasion events. Tubastraea spp. occupy a niche space similar to that occupied by the native community of suspension feeders, sharing resources already consumed by the receptor community, which makes invading corals successful competitors for food. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Aquatic Alien Invasions and Their Impact on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services )
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13 pages, 3056 KiB  
Review
Role of Imaging in Multiple Myeloma: A Potential Opportunity for Quantitative Imaging and Radiomics?
by Anna Michalska-Foryszewska, Aleksandra Rogowska, Agnieszka Kwiatkowska-Miernik, Katarzyna Sklinda, Bartosz Mruk, Iwona Hus and Jerzy Walecki
Cancers 2024, 16(23), 4099; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234099 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most prevalent hematologic malignancy, particularly affecting the elderly. The disease often begins with a premalignant phase known as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), solitary plasmacytoma (SP) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). Multiple imaging modalities are employed [...] Read more.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most prevalent hematologic malignancy, particularly affecting the elderly. The disease often begins with a premalignant phase known as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), solitary plasmacytoma (SP) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). Multiple imaging modalities are employed throughout the disease continuum to assess bone lesions, prevent complications, detect intra- and extramedullary disease, and evaluate the risk of neurological complications. The implementation of advanced imaging analysis techniques, including artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics, holds great promise for enhancing our understanding of MM. The integration of advanced image analysis techniques which extract features from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), or positron emission tomography (PET) images has the potential to enhance the diagnostic accuracy for MM. This innovative approach may lead to the identification of imaging biomarkers that can predict disease prognosis and treatment outcomes. Further research and standardized evaluations are needed to define the role of radiomics in everyday clinical practice for patients with MM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging and Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment)
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15 pages, 1488 KiB  
Article
EEG Oscillations as Neuroplastic Markers of Neural Compensation in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: The Role of Slow-Frequency Bands
by Guilherme J. M. Lacerda, Lucas Camargo, Marta Imamura, Lucas M. Marques, Linamara Battistella and Felipe Fregni
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(12), 1229; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14121229 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects approximately 250,000 to 500,000 individuals annually. Current therapeutic interventions predominantly focus on mitigating the impact of physical and neurological impairments, with limited functional recovery observed in many patients. Electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations have been investigated in this context [...] Read more.
Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects approximately 250,000 to 500,000 individuals annually. Current therapeutic interventions predominantly focus on mitigating the impact of physical and neurological impairments, with limited functional recovery observed in many patients. Electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations have been investigated in this context of rehabilitation to identify effective markers for optimizing rehabilitation treatments. Methods: We performed an exploratory cross-sectional study assessing the baseline EEG resting state of 86 participants with SCI as part of the Deficit of Inhibitory as a Marker of Neuroplasticity in Rehabilitation Cohort Study (DEFINE). Results: Our multivariate models demonstrated a positive correlation between frontal delta asymmetry and depression symptoms, while the frontal alpha asymmetry band and anxiety symptoms were negatively correlated. Theta oscillations were negatively associated with motor-evoked potential (MEP), whereas alpha oscillations were positively associated with MEP in all regions of interest and with CPM response as a negative correlation. Based on the potential role of lower-frequency oscillations in exerting a salutogenic compensatory effect, detrimental clinical and neurophysiological markers, such as depression and lower ME, likely induce slow oscillatory rhythms. Alpha oscillations may indicate a more salutogenic state, often associated with various cognitive functions, such as attention and memory processing. Conclusions: These results show an attempt by the CNS to reorganize and restore function despite the disruption caused by SCI. Indeed, this finding also challenges the notion that low-frequency EEG rhythms are associated with cortical lesions. These results may contribute to the development of rehabilitation strategies and potentially improve the clinical outcomes of patients with SCI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Neurotechnology and Neuroimaging)
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19 pages, 297 KiB  
Article
Documenting Domination: From the Doctrine of Christian Discovery to Dominion Theology
by Adam DJ Brett and Betty Hill (Lyons)
Religions 2024, 15(12), 1493; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15121493 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
The Doctrine of Christian Discovery is a series of fifteenth-century papal bulls that served as the theological and legal justification for the colonization of the world and the enslavement of the Original Free Nations, starting first on the African continent before spreading across [...] Read more.
The Doctrine of Christian Discovery is a series of fifteenth-century papal bulls that served as the theological and legal justification for the colonization of the world and the enslavement of the Original Free Nations, starting first on the African continent before spreading across the globe. In the 1800s, these bulls and other documents like The Requerimiento and colonial charters would be codified and enshrined together in U.S. law as the Doctrine of Christian Discovery, becoming the foundation of property law and international law. Also, considering what Peter d’Errico calls Federal Anti-Indian Law, we will trace and document how this framework of domination began with the Catholic crowns of Europe and transformed into the dominion theology found within Christian nationalist theologies today. Our research highlights how the Doctrine became enshrined and encoded within Protestantism and the imagined “secular” of the U.S. and Canada, countries who rhetorically espouse separation of church and state while justifying land theft, treaty violations, and the abuse of Indigenous nations and peoples through the Doctrine. We craft a genealogy of Christian domination by carefully analyzing primary sources, especially the colonial charters. We will conclude by juxtaposing the domination framework and the Haudenosaunee Confederacy’s principles of the Gayanashagowa (Great Law of Peace). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Race, Religion, and Nationalism in the 21st Century)
14 pages, 604 KiB  
Article
Genomic Prediction of Semen Traits in Boars Incorporating Biological Interactions
by Yantong Chen, Fang Yang, Yanda Yang, Yulong Hu, Yang Meng, Yuebo Zhang, Maoliang Ran, Jun He, Yulong Yin and Ning Gao
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 13155; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252313155 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
In the context of modern pig farming, the central role of boars is underscored by large-scale centralized breeding and the widespread application of artificial insemination techniques. However, previous studies and breeding programs have focused mainly on product efficiency traits, such as growth rate, [...] Read more.
In the context of modern pig farming, the central role of boars is underscored by large-scale centralized breeding and the widespread application of artificial insemination techniques. However, previous studies and breeding programs have focused mainly on product efficiency traits, such as growth rate, lean meat yield, and litter size, often neglecting boar semen traits. In this study, we estimated the genetic parameters and assessed the genomic prediction accuracy of boar semen traits with phenotypes evaluated from 274,332 ejections in a large population consisting of 2467 Duroc boars. Heritability of sperm morphological abnormality rate (ABN), fresh semen volume (VOL), sperm concentration (DEN), and motility (MOT) were estimated to be 0.43, 0.22, 0.23, and 0.16, respectively. GBLUP achieved a moderate predictive ability of semen traits, with a range of 0.32–0.50. Incorporating gene interactions indicated by the KEGG pathways (biBLUP) significantly improved predictive accuracy over the classical additive model (GBLUP) and epistatic model (RKHS). Moreover, biBLUP showed an improvement from 9.50% to 20.10% among the studied traits compared with GBLUP, with the greatest improvement (0.40 vs. 0.48) observed in sperm morphological abnormality rate. In conclusion, moderate to low heritability was estimated for the Duroc boar semen traits. Genomic prediction was able to achieve moderate accuracy, with a range from 0.32 to 0.56, for the studied traits. Considering gene interactions within KEGG pathways enhanced the predictive ability of boar semen traits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics and Genomics)
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12 pages, 1711 KiB  
Article
Selection of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Genotypes for Three Generations of Low and High Population Growth of the Mite Varroa destructor
by Alvaro De la Mora, Paul H. Goodwin, Berna Emsen, Paul G. Kelly, Tatiana Petukhova and Ernesto Guzman-Novoa
Animals 2024, 14(23), 3537; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14233537 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Honey bee (Apis mellifera) population declines have been associated with the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, which is currently primarily controlled by the use of acaricides. An alternative is to breed for resistance to Varroa, which was conducted in this [...] Read more.
Honey bee (Apis mellifera) population declines have been associated with the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, which is currently primarily controlled by the use of acaricides. An alternative is to breed for resistance to Varroa, which was conducted in this study by bidirectional selection for mite fall to obtain colonies with low (resistant) or high (susceptible) Varroa population growth (LVG and HVG, respectively). Selection for three generations resulted in approx. 90% lower Varroa population growth in LVG than in HVG colonies. In addition, late summer Varroa infestation rates of brood and adults were both significantly lower in LVG colonies (p < 0.01), which was also significantly associated with lower Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) infection levels (p < 0.01). Survival of Varroa-parasitized bees was almost 50% higher for LVG bees compared to HVG bees (p < 0.01). Also, colony winter survivorship was significantly higher for LVG colonies than for HVG colonies (p < 0.05). However, the higher colony populations observed for LVG colonies were not significantly different from those of HVG colonies. Overall, individual and colony health was improved by selecting colonies for LVG, demonstrating its effectiveness as a means of breeding for controlling Varroa populations in honey bee colonies. Full article
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3 pages, 179 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “The Tight Junction and Its Proteins: From Structure to Pathologies”
by Susanne M. Krug and Michael Fromm
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 13154; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252313154 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Most tight junction (TJ) proteins build epithelial and endothelial barriers [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Tight Junction and Its Proteins: From Structure to Pathologies)
5 pages, 1650 KiB  
Case Report
The Introduction of a New Mobile Driving Unit for a Ventricular Assist Device in a Pediatric Patient (EXCOR Active)
by Nuri Ünesen, Christian Balmer and Martin Schweiger
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(12), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11120392 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Pediatric patients supported by extracorporeal ventricular assist devices traditionally require long-term stationary inpatient settings. Limited mobility and permanent hospitalization significantly reduce their quality of life. Berlin Heart address this with their novel mobile driving unit, EXCOR® Active. This case report presents its [...] Read more.
Pediatric patients supported by extracorporeal ventricular assist devices traditionally require long-term stationary inpatient settings. Limited mobility and permanent hospitalization significantly reduce their quality of life. Berlin Heart address this with their novel mobile driving unit, EXCOR® Active. This case report presents its first application outside of Germany, where it was developed, focusing on staff education and safety measures leading to a successful switch of driving units. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease)
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11 pages, 1967 KiB  
Article
The Evolution of Mechanical Properties and Cellular Structure of Apples During Freeze Drying Combined with Hot Air Drying (FD-HAD) Process
by Lili Li, Mengmeng Yang, Lewen Zhu, Wenchao Liu, Linlin Li, Weiwei Cao, Junliang Chen, Linlin Zhao, Chung Lim Law, Tongxiang Yang, Guangyue Ren and Xu Duan
Foods 2024, 13(23), 3951; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233951 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Apples are one of the most popular fruits in the world and have a significant share in domestic and international fruit production. Drying is a common method used to extend the shelf life of apples. However, it also induces irregular morphological changes in [...] Read more.
Apples are one of the most popular fruits in the world and have a significant share in domestic and international fruit production. Drying is a common method used to extend the shelf life of apples. However, it also induces irregular morphological changes in apples, which are essential to maintaining the structural integrity of the material. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effect of cellular changes at the microscopic level on the macroscopic deformation of the material during drying. In this paper, the evolution of cell wall pectin fractions and viscoelastic properties of apples during freeze drying combined with hot air drying was investigated. The findings indicated that during the HAD stage, a decrease in the relaxation modulus (E1) of the samples was observed in the compression tests when the sample temperature was significantly higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg). As the difference between the two decreased, the samples exhibited increased stiffness and higher E1. The results of the pectin content analysis showed that the HAD process accelerated the loss and degradation of water-soluble pectin in the samples with high moisture content at the transition point. Simultaneously, the esterification degree of chelator-soluble pectin increased, leading to a reduction in the support provided to the cellular structure of the samples, which consequently affected their mechanical properties. These findings may provide valuable information for the application of freeze drying combined with hot air drying in the efficient processing of dried fruit and vegetable products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Green and Advanced Food Freezing/Anti-Freezing Technologies)
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13 pages, 1215 KiB  
Review
Research Progress of Ribosomal Proteins in Reproductive Development
by Yuqi Hong, Qisheng Lin, Yuan Zhang, Jilong Liu and Zhanhong Zheng
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 13151; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252313151 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Ribosomal proteins constitute the principal components of ribosomes, and their functions span a wide spectrum. Recent investigations have unveiled their involvement in oocyte and embryo development, playing a pivotal role in reproductive development. Numerous pieces of evidence indicate that ribosomal proteins participate in [...] Read more.
Ribosomal proteins constitute the principal components of ribosomes, and their functions span a wide spectrum. Recent investigations have unveiled their involvement in oocyte and embryo development, playing a pivotal role in reproductive development. Numerous pieces of evidence indicate that ribosomal proteins participate in the regulation of various cellular activities, including nucleolar stress, oxidative stress, cell proliferation and autophagy. Despite these findings, the precise mechanisms through which ribosomal proteins influence reproductive development via these cellular activities remain elusive. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms of action is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the role and function of ribosomal proteins in reproductive development. This paper systematically reviews the progress in research on nucleolar stress, oxidative stress, cell proliferation and autophagy concerning ribosomal proteins during reproductive development. Furthermore, we explore the potential of ribosomal proteins as diagnostic markers for various diseases. Additionally, we propose the development of drugs and therapies targeting ribosomal proteins, underscoring the potential for novel medical interventions in the context of reproductive health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biochemistry)
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9 pages, 1184 KiB  
Article
Effect of Natalizumab on sNfL and sGFAP Levels in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
by Raquel Sainz-Amo, Alexander Rodero-Romero, Enric Monreal, Juan Luis Chico-García, Fernando Rodríguez-Jorge, Jose Ignacio Fernández-Velasco, Noelia Villarrubia, Jose Luis Veiga-González, Susana Sainz de la Maza, Jaime Masjuan, Lucienne Costa-Frossard and Luisa Maria Villar
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 13153; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252313153 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Natalizumab is a highly effective therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to evaluate serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) in patients with relapsing–remitting MS treated with Natalizumab. sNfL and sGFAP were analyzed [...] Read more.
Natalizumab is a highly effective therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to evaluate serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) in patients with relapsing–remitting MS treated with Natalizumab. sNfL and sGFAP were analyzed at baseline, 6 and 12 months post treatment using the single-molecule array (SiMoA) technique. We recruited matched healthy controls for comparison. The study included 54 patients, with a median age of 33 years (Interquartile range (IQR), 29–41), with 32 women (60%) and 76 healthy controls. A decrease in sNfL was observed at 6 (67%, p = 0.005) and 12 (72%, p < 0.0001) months compared to baseline. After two years, six patients experienced evidence of disease activity (EDA-3). The remaining ones had no evidence of disease activity (NEDA-3). NEDA-3 presented a remarkable reduction in sNfL (p < 0.0001) and sGFAP (p = 0.01) after 6 months of treatment that continued to be observed after 12 months compared to baseline. EDA-3 only reached a significant decrease in sNfL after 12 months; there were no significant changes in sGFAP values. Natalizumab leads to a decrease in sNfL, which is higher and occurs earlier in NEDA-3 patients. Patients also showed a significant reduction in sGFAP levels, which was not observed in the EDA-3 group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)
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12 pages, 542 KiB  
Review
The Use of Technology in the Prevention of Infections Associated with Urinary Catheterization
by Bruna Raquel Fonseca, Maura Filipa Silva, Rogério Ferrinho Ferreira, Sofia Cabecinhas de Sá, Teresa Dionísio Mestre and Marta Sofia Catarino
Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3895-3906; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040284 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
(1) Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, and they are the second most common hospital-acquired infections, with catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) accounting for about 40% of these nosocomial infections. This review aims to identify the impact of [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, and they are the second most common hospital-acquired infections, with catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) accounting for about 40% of these nosocomial infections. This review aims to identify the impact of technology on preventing infections in patients with urinary catheters; (2) Methods: The search was conducted in April 2024 through the EBSCOhost platform, with access to the American Search Complete, CINHAL Ultimate, Medline databases, and through the Scopus database; (3) Results: In total were included eight articles in this review. Technology interventions can significantly reduce the incidence of CAUTIs, decrease the duration of catheter use, improve diagnosis, and enhance patient safety; (4) Conclusions: Technological advancements show significant benefits in reducing infection rates and improving patient outcomes, like shorter hospital stays and comfort. Multidisciplinary approaches and educational strategies are essential to maximize these benefits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Nursing Care through Innovative Technologies)
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18 pages, 5670 KiB  
Article
An All-Digital Dual-Mode Clock and Data Recovery Circuit for Human Body Communication Systems
by Yoon Heo and Won-Young Lee
Electronics 2024, 13(23), 4832; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13234832 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
This paper describes an all-digital clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit for implementing edge processing with a wireless body area network (WBAN). The CDR circuit performs delay-locked loop (DLL)-based and phase-locked loop (PLL)-based operations depending on the use of an external reference clock [...] Read more.
This paper describes an all-digital clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit for implementing edge processing with a wireless body area network (WBAN). The CDR circuit performs delay-locked loop (DLL)-based and phase-locked loop (PLL)-based operations depending on the use of an external reference clock and is implemented using a digital method that is robust against external noise. The clock generator circuit shared by the two operation methods is described in detail, and the CDR circuit recovers 42 Mb/s input data and a 42 MHz clock, which are the specifications of human body communication (HBC). In DLL-based CDR operation, the clock generator operates as a digitally controlled delay line (DCDL) that delays the reference clock by more than one period. In PLL-based CDR operations, it operates as a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) that oscillates the 42 MHz clock and adjusts the clock frequency. The proposed all-digital CDR is fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology with an area of 0.091 mm2 and operates with a supply voltage of 1.0 V. Post-layout simulation results show that the lock time for DLL-based CDR operation is 1.6 μs, the clock peak-to-peak jitter is 0.38 ns, and the power consumption is 341.8 μW. For PLL-based CDR operations, the lock time is 6 μs, the clock peak-to-peak jitter is 2.92 ns, and the power consumption is 280.2 μW, respectively. Full article
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21 pages, 5867 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Photocatalytic Degradation of Penconazole on TiO2 in Aqueous Suspensions: Mechanistic and Ecotoxicity Studies in Aerated and Degassed Systems
by Ákos Székely, Erzsébet Szabó-Bárdos, Orsolya Fónagy and Ottó Horváth
Catalysts 2024, 14(12), 898; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14120898 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Penconazole (C12H15Cl2N3) is widely used to prevent fungal infection of fruits. Since this toxic fungicide is recalcitrant to biological degradation, it has harmful impacts on aquatic ecosystems. TiO2-based heterogeneous photocatalysis proved to be [...] Read more.
Penconazole (C12H15Cl2N3) is widely used to prevent fungal infection of fruits. Since this toxic fungicide is recalcitrant to biological degradation, it has harmful impacts on aquatic ecosystems. TiO2-based heterogeneous photocatalysis proved to be an efficient method for its mineralization. To monitor the processes occurring under the influence of illumination, the light absorbance, the pH, and the TOC of the samples were measured. The concentration of the model compound and the degradation products were determined by HPLC and IC. Penconazole did not decompose under UV light (λmax = 371 nm) without a catalyst. In the presence of TiO2, mineralization took place. The initial degradation rate in air (7.7 × 10−4 mM s−1) was 5 times higher than under argon. The formation rate of hydrochloric acid (1.04 × 10−3 mM s−1) in the former case significantly contributed to the acidification of the liquid phase. NH4+ also formed, at the rate of 5.9 × 10−4 mM s−1, and very slightly transformed to NO3−. Due to the intermediates identified by HPLC-MS, hydroxylation, H abstraction, and Cl elimination are involved in the degradation mechanism, in which photogenerated HO● radicals, conduction-band electrons, and (under air) superoxide radical anions (O2●−) play considerable roles. The intermediates proved to be much less toxic than penconazole. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Commemorative Special Issue for Prof. Dr. David Ollis)
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17 pages, 3421 KiB  
Article
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Stimulation Preserves Renal Tight Junction Components in a Rat Model of Early-Stage Diabetic Nephropathy
by Lorena Rosas-Martínez, Rafael Rodríguez-Muñoz, María del Carmen Namorado-Tonix, Fanis Missirlis, Leonardo del Valle-Mondragón, Alicia Sánchez-Mendoza, José L. Reyes-Sánchez and Luz Graciela Cervantes-Pérez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 13152; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252313152 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia results in morphological and functional alterations of the kidney and microvascular damage, leading to diabetic nephropathy (DN). Since DN progresses to irreversible renal damage, it is important to elucidate a pharmacological strategy aimed for treating DN in the early stage. Here, [...] Read more.
Chronic hyperglycemia results in morphological and functional alterations of the kidney and microvascular damage, leading to diabetic nephropathy (DN). Since DN progresses to irreversible renal damage, it is important to elucidate a pharmacological strategy aimed for treating DN in the early stage. Here, we used the type 2 diabetic rat model to induce DN and show a nephroprotective effect following the stimulation of PPAR-α, which stabilized renal tight junction components claudin-2, claudin-5, and claudin-16. At 14 weeks old, streptozotocin-induced DN, evidenced by elevated creatinine clearance, proteinuria, and electrolyte excretion, was followed by an elevation in oxidative stress and increasing MMP activities affecting the integrity of claudin-2 and claudin-5. Treatment with a PPAR-α agonists decreased glucose levels in diabetic rats. In addition, we found that the expressions of CLDN-5 in glomeruli, CLDN-2 in proximal tubules, and CLDN-16 in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle were increased after treatment. As a result, renal function improved, while the oxidative stress and enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 decreased. In conclusion, PPAR-α stimulation prevented the decrease in claudins through a mechanism involving a correction of hyperglycemia, decreasing it in kidney oxidative stress and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities, showing a promising nephroprotective action in the early stage of DN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Relationship, Mechanisms, and Treatment Strategies of Diabetes Mellitus and Related Diseases)
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12 pages, 1546 KiB  
Article
Concurrent Validity and Relative Reliability of the RunScribe™ System for the Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters During Walking
by Andrés Ráfales-Perucha, Elisa Bravo-Viñuales, Alejandro Molina-Molina, Antonio Cartón-Llorente, Silvia Cardiel-Sánchez and Luis E. Roche-Seruendo
Sensors 2024, 24(23), 7825; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24237825 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
The evaluation of gait biomechanics using portable inertial measurement units (IMUs) offers real-time feedback and has become a crucial tool for detecting gait disorders. However, many of these devices have not yet been fully validated. The aim of this study was to assess [...] Read more.
The evaluation of gait biomechanics using portable inertial measurement units (IMUs) offers real-time feedback and has become a crucial tool for detecting gait disorders. However, many of these devices have not yet been fully validated. The aim of this study was to assess the concurrent validity and relative reliability of the RunScribe™ system for measuring spatiotemporal gait parameters during walking. A total of 460 participants (age: 36 ± 13 years; height: 173 ± 9 cm; body mass: 70 ± 13 kg) were asked to walk on a treadmill at 5 km·h−1. Spatiotemporal parameters of step frequency (SF), step length (SL), step time (ST), contact time (CT), swing time (SwT), stride time (StT), stride length (StL) and normalized stride length (StL%) were measured through RunScribe™ and OptoGait™ systems. Bland–Altman analysis indicated small systematic biases and random errors for all variables. Pearson correlation analysis showed strong correlations (0.70–0.94) between systems. The intraclass correlation coefficient supports these results, except for contact time (ICC = 0.64) and swing time (ICC = 0.34). The paired t-test showed small differences in SL, StL and StL% (≤0.25) and large in CT and SwT (1.2 and 2.2, respectively), with no differences for the rest of the variables. This study confirms the accuracy of the RunScribe™ system for assessing spatiotemporal parameters during walking, potentially reducing the barriers to continuous gait monitoring and early detection of gait issues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue IMU and Innovative Sensors for Healthcare)
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11 pages, 819 KiB  
Article
Lipoprotein(a) as a Risk Factor for Recurrent Acute Myocardial Infarction and Mortality: Insights from Routine Clinical Practice
by David Šuran, Vojko Kanič, Peter Kokol, Tadej Završnik, Florjan Verhnjak, Bojan Žlahtič, Andreja Sinkovič and Franjo Husam Naji
Diagnostics 2024, 14(23), 2757; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14232757 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-established risk factor for incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease. However, evidence regarding its association with recurrent events is limited. To address this gap, we conducted a retrospective analysis of routine clinical data, focusing on patients hospitalized for acute [...] Read more.
Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-established risk factor for incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease. However, evidence regarding its association with recurrent events is limited. To address this gap, we conducted a retrospective analysis of routine clinical data, focusing on patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between 2000 and 2022 with available admission Lp(a) results. Methods: Patients were stratified into three groups based on their Lp(a) level (≤50 mg/dL, 51–90 mg/dL, and >90 mg/dL). A multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the associations of Lp(a) with recurrent AMI, CV mortality, and all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 2248 patients (31.5% women), with a mean age of 64.7 ± 12.2 years, were retrospectively followed until 31 December 2022, or death. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for recurrent AMI were 1.01 (p = 0.921) for levels 51–90 mg/dL and 1.51 (p = 0.013) for levels > 90 mg/dL, compared with levels ≤ 50 mg/dL. The corresponding HRs for CV mortality were 1.13 (p = 0.300) and 1.14 (p = 0.348), and those for all-cause mortality were 1.09 (p = 0.310) and 1.20 (p = 0.090), respectively. Stratification by sex and age revealed a significant association of Lp(a) with recurrent AMI only in women aged > 65 years, with adjusted HRs of 2.34 (p = 0.013) for levels 51–90 mg/dL and 3.94 (p < 0.001) for levels > 90 mg/dL, compared with levels ≤ 50 mg/dL. Conclusions: In the presented study, Lp(a) was associated with a significantly higher risk of recurrent AMI only in women aged > 65 years with Lp(a) levels > 50 mg/dL. We found no significant associations between Lp(a) and CV or all-cause mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Diagnosis and Management in Cardiology)
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13 pages, 3073 KiB  
Article
Urinary MicroRNA-21 for Prostate Cancer Detection Using a Silver Nanoparticle Sensor: A Promising Diagnostic Tool
by See-Tong Pang, Yueh-Er Chiou, Jasmine Lim, Yi-Chun Zhang, Wen-Zeng Zeng, Teng Aik Ong and Wen-Hui Weng
Biosensors 2024, 14(12), 599; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14120599 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
In this study, we detected the expression levels of miR-21 in 38 clinical urine samples, obtained from 10 patients with PCa (with each sample obtained at three time points: before surgery, 1 month after surgery, and 3 months after surgery), 3 patients with [...] Read more.
In this study, we detected the expression levels of miR-21 in 38 clinical urine samples, obtained from 10 patients with PCa (with each sample obtained at three time points: before surgery, 1 month after surgery, and 3 months after surgery), 3 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), and 5 healthy subjects (as a control group). All of the samples were examined using a silver nanoparticle-based biosensor, and the sensitivity of the biosensor was simultaneously confirmed via qRT-PCR. The results were further analyzed together with clinical data such as PSA values and cancer stages. The sensitivity of the biosensor ranged up to 100 fM, and it presented a rather high selectivity rate. Our results indicated a significantly decreased expression level of miR-21 in the patient cases at 3 months post-surgery when compared with pre-surgery levels (p-value < 0.001). In addition, when distinguishing the differences in the expression level of miR-21 between healthy subjects and patients with PCa or BPH, both groups showed highly significant differences (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively). The results strongly suggest that the proposed miR-21 biosensor can be used as an auxiliary screening tool for the early detection of PCa and may effectively facilitate tracking of the progression of PCa, thus enabling more accurate healthcare decision making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano and Micro DNA/RNA Biosensors)
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22 pages, 3175 KiB  
Article
Anthracocystis panici-leucophaei: A Potential Biological Control Agent for the Grassy Weed Digitaria insularis
by Adriany Pena de Souza, Juliana Fonseca Alves, Eliane Mayumi Inokuti, Fernando Garcia, Bruno Wesley Ferreira, Thaisa Ferreira da Nobrega, Robert Weingart Barreto, Bruno Sérgio Vieira and Camila Costa Moreira
Agronomy 2024, 14(12), 2926; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14122926 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Anthracocystis panici-leucophaei, causal agent of smut on Digitaria insularis (sourgrass), was evaluated as a biological control agent for this weed. Two types of inocula (teliospore and sporidia) were tested to assess its infectivity. The effects of teliospore and sporidia inoculations at different [...] Read more.
Anthracocystis panici-leucophaei, causal agent of smut on Digitaria insularis (sourgrass), was evaluated as a biological control agent for this weed. Two types of inocula (teliospore and sporidia) were tested to assess its infectivity. The effects of teliospore and sporidia inoculations at different phenological stages of sourgrass were compared, as well as the potential of sporidia and teliospores in post-emergence sourgrass management. Virulence tests were conducted with the isolates obtained from D. insularis and evaluation of specificity of A. panici-leucophaei. Both teliospores and sporidia of A. panici-leucophaei are infective to D. insularis in three different phenological stages. Newly emerged plants with one pair of leaves are more sensitive to A. panici-leucophaei. Infection by A. panici-leucophaei inhibits the growth of sourgrass, decreasing several physiological parameters of D. insularis plants. The fungus produces systematic infection of sourgrass plants and may induce the formation of sori in a significant proportion of the plant panicles, partly castrating those plants. Among sixteen A. panici-peucophaei isolates tested, isolate 46 was the most virulent and inhibited the growth of sourgrass plants, and thus appears to have good potential as a biological control agent to be deployed against sourgrass. A. panici-leucophaei was demonstrated to be specific to D. insularis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploiting Beneficial Plant–Microorganism Interactions for Resilient Farming)
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19 pages, 1564 KiB  
Review
Behavioral, Physiological, and Pathological Approaches of Cortisol in Dogs
by Sorin Marian Mârza, Camelia Munteanu, Ionel Papuc, Lăcătuş Radu, Petraru Diana and Robert Cristian Purdoiu
Animals 2024, 14(23), 3536; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14233536 (registering DOI) - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Cortisol, an essential glucocorticoid hormone, is crucial in regulating the stress response and maintaining physiological and behavioral homeostasis in mammals, including dogs. This review explores cortisol’s physiological and behavioral role in canines, focusing on its effects on stress, immune function, and metabolism. Various [...] Read more.
Cortisol, an essential glucocorticoid hormone, is crucial in regulating the stress response and maintaining physiological and behavioral homeostasis in mammals, including dogs. This review explores cortisol’s physiological and behavioral role in canines, focusing on its effects on stress, immune function, and metabolism. Various methods of measuring cortisol levels in dogs, invasive (blood, saliva, urine) and non-invasive (hair, fecal assays), are discussed regarding their accuracy and practical applications. The review also highlights the influence of different environmental factors, such as shelter conditions, human interaction, and music, on cortisol levels in dogs. Furthermore, the clinical and behavioral implications of abnormal cortisol levels are examined, with particular attention to conditions like Cushing’s disease and stress-related behavioral issues. The findings emphasize the importance of cortisol monitoring in veterinary practice and animal welfare, proposing future research directions to improve canine health and stress management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Companion Animal Cognition and Behavior)
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