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21 pages, 1607 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Glyphosate: A Terrestrial Threat to Marine Plants? A Study on the Seagrass Zostera marina

by Alizé Deguette, Katia Pes, Bernard Vasconcellos, Monya Costa, João Silva and Isabel Barrote

Oceans 2025, 6(3), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans6030051 (registering DOI) - 18 Aug 2025

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are extensively used worldwide, raising concerns about their potential effect on non-target aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the short-term physiological effects of a commercially available GBH on the seagrass Zostera marina under controlled mesocosm conditions. Z. marina individuals were exposed [...] Read more.

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are extensively used worldwide, raising concerns about their potential effect on non-target aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the short-term physiological effects of a commercially available GBH on the seagrass Zostera marina under controlled mesocosm conditions. Z. marina individuals were exposed to three concentrations of glyphosate (0.165, 51, and 5100 mg L⁻¹) for 4 days, and the impacts on photosynthetic performance, growth rate, photosynthetic pigments content and energy metabolism were assessed. Exposure to 5100 mg L⁻¹ of glyphosate caused rapid water acidification and complete plant mortality within 24 h. Exposure to 51 mg L⁻¹ of glyphosate significantly impaired photosynthetic efficiency and foliar growth rate. Energy availability, photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments content were highly disrupted at both higher concentrations. Exposure to 0.165 mg L⁻¹ of glyphosate decreased the foliar chlorophyll a/b ratio. These findings show that Z. marina can potentially be threatened by the presence of GBHs even at lower concentrations and underscore the necessity for monitoring herbicide pollution in coastal waters to protect seagrass habitats and associated ecosystems. Further research is needed to assess long-term effects and the role of herbicide formulations in mediating toxicity. Full article

16 pages, 1991 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Black Soldier Fly Gut Microbiota Resists Invasion by Bacillus subtilis 168 and Pseudomonas putida KT2440

by Joachim Carpentier, Grégoire Noël, Bo Li, Frédéric Francis and Rudy Caparros Megido

Appl. Microbiol. 2025, 5(3), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol5030082 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

Due to its high bioconversion efficiency and nutritional value, the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L. 1758) is a promising insect species for sustainable animal feed production. However, concerns remain regarding microbial safety when larvae are reared on substrates contaminated by pathogenic [...] Read more.

Due to its high bioconversion efficiency and nutritional value, the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L. 1758) is a promising insect species for sustainable animal feed production. However, concerns remain regarding microbial safety when larvae are reared on substrates contaminated by pathogenic or spoilage bacteria. This study investigated the effects of substrate inoculation with Bacillus subtilis 168 or Pseudomonas putida KT2440 on larval performance and gut microbiota composition. Larvae reared on contaminated diets showed no significant differences in survival or development time compared to controls. However, a short-term reduction in growth was observed in the Bacillus-exposed group. qPCR analyses confirmed the temporary presence of Bacillus taxa in larval guts, while Pseudomonas taxa were effectively excluded. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the contamination did not affect gut bacterial microbiota richness and composition. Instead, the bacterial communities evolved naturally with Lactobacillales-related bacteria dominating early stages and Morganellaceae taxa becoming more abundant in prepupae. Our findings demonstrate the stability and resilience of H. illucens gut bacterial microbiota, reinforcing the safety and suitability of H. illucens as a feed ingredient, even when reared under challenging microbial conditions. Full article

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14 pages, 1336 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparing Antemortem CT–Angiography Data with Autopsy Findings in Regard to Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms

by Ana Maria Dumitrescu, Dragos Andrei Chiran, Cristinel Ionel Stan, Cringuta Mariana Paraschiv, Nicolaie Dobrin, Alexandru Chiriac, Maria Magdalena Leon, Lucia Corina Dima-Cozma, Cristina Gena Dascalu, Ana Marina Radulescu, Roxana Florentina Gavril and Anca Sava

NeuroSci 2025, 6(3), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6030081 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background: The literature shows that anterior communicating artery (AcoA) aneurysms are the most common intracranial aneurysms. To date, there has only been one postmortem study focused on the correlations between autopsy findings and imaging results in cases of intracranial aneurysms associated with anatomical [...] Read more.

Background: The literature shows that anterior communicating artery (AcoA) aneurysms are the most common intracranial aneurysms. To date, there has only been one postmortem study focused on the correlations between autopsy findings and imaging results in cases of intracranial aneurysms associated with anatomical variants of the circle of Willis (CW). Methods: We investigated the anatomical variants of the CW associated with the occurrence and rupture of AcoA aneurysms by performing comparative analyses, in the same patients, of postmortem autopsy data with antemortem computed tomography–angiography (CTA) results obtained in the first 48 h after the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Our retrospective observational study identified the anatomical variants of the CW at autopsy in 16 deceased adult Romanian patients with AcoA aneurysms over a 12-year period (2010–2022). Results: The autopsy findings revealed that the AcoA ruptured aneurysms had a mean external diameter of 9.50 mm, and 71.4% of them presented three or four anatomical variants inside the same CW. The initial antemortem CTA examination correctly located the AcoA aneurysms in all cases (100%), and an anatomical variant of the CW was only noted in 18.75% of patients. The final postmortem re-analyzed the same CTA images identified in all cases (100%), focusing on both the AcoA aneurysm and all anatomical variants of the CW found during the autopsies. Conclusions: Although it was previously thought that the occurrence of AcoA aneurysms is related only to the hemodynamic changes induced by the nearby arterial anatomical variants, we identified the simultaneous involvement of at least one hypoplastic artery and one or two PCA fetal-type anatomical variants that were located in both the anterior and posterior parts of the CW. Furthermore, if sufficient time is devoted to the CT–angiography analysis and interpretation of the images, anatomical variants of the circle of Willis associated with AcoA aneurysms can be identified as accurately as they are in invasive postmortem autopsy examinations. Full article

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20 pages, 12201 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Hybrid Decision-Making Adaptive Median Filtering Algorithm with Dual-Window Detection and PSO Co-Optimization

by Jing Mao, Lianming Sun and Jie Chen

Modelling 2025, 6(3), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling6030085 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

Traditional median filtering with a fixed window easily leads to edge blurring and adaptive median filtering requires manual presetting of the maximum window parameter and has insufficient retention of details when dealing with high-density salt-and-pepper noise. Aiming at these problems, this paper proposes [...] Read more.

Traditional median filtering with a fixed window easily leads to edge blurring and adaptive median filtering requires manual presetting of the maximum window parameter and has insufficient retention of details when dealing with high-density salt-and-pepper noise. Aiming at these problems, this paper proposes a hybrid decision-making adaptive median filtering algorithm with dual-window detection in collaboration with particle swarm optimization (PSO). The algorithm quickly locates suspected noise points through a 3 × 3 small window and enhances noise identification accuracy by using a PSO dynamically optimized 5–35-pixel large window. Meanwhile, a hybrid decision-making mechanism based on local statistical properties was introduced to dynamically select median filtering, weighted average based on spatial distance, or pixel preservation strategy to balance noise suppression and detail preservation, and the PSO algorithm was used to automatically find the optimal parameters of the large window’s size to avoid the manual parameter-tuning process. Experiments were conducted on standard grayscale and color images and compared with four traditional methods and two more advanced methods. The experiments showed that the algorithm improved the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) value by 2–4 dB and the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) metric by 0.05–0.2 under high salt-and-pepper noise density compared with the traditional methods, which effectively improved the contradiction between noise suppression and detail retention in traditional filtering algorithms and provided a highly efficient and intelligent solution for image denoising in high-noise scenarios. Full article

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15 pages, 4559 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Analysis of Fatigue Crack Propagation of Deck-Rib Welded Joint in Orthotropic Steel Decks

by Xincheng Li, Zhongqiu Fu, Hongbin Guo, Bohai Ji and Chengyi Zhang

Modelling 2025, 6(3), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling6030083 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

This study conducts numerical analysis of fatigue crack propagation in deck-rib welded joints of orthotropic steel decks (OSDs) using linear elastic fracture mechanics. The stress intensity factor for central surface cracks under constant range bending stress is calculated, and single and multi-crack propagation [...] Read more.

This study conducts numerical analysis of fatigue crack propagation in deck-rib welded joints of orthotropic steel decks (OSDs) using linear elastic fracture mechanics. The stress intensity factor for central surface cracks under constant range bending stress is calculated, and single and multi-crack propagation are simulated by a numerical integration method. The research results show that deck geometry critically influences crack propagation behavior. Wider decks accelerate propagation of cracks after the crack depth exceeds half the deck thickness, thicker decks exhibit linearly faster propagation rates yet retain larger residual section to bear loads, and increased weld penetration reduces fatigue life. Initial defects rapidly converge to a preferred propagation path, stabilizing near

a_{f} / c_{f} \approx 0.1

(

a_{f}

is the failure crack depth and

c_{f}

is the half surface crack length) regardless of initial aspect ratio. For multi-crack scenarios, defect density dominates merging, doubling density increases final cracks by 45%. Merged cracks adhere closely to the single-crack path, while total section loss escalates with defect density and deck thickness but remains stress range independent. The identified convergence preferred propagation path enables depth estimation from surface-length measurements during real bridge inspections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers of Computational Modelling and Simulation for Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures)

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17 pages, 1691 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamical Regimes in a Delayed Predator–Prey Model with Predator Hunting Cooperation: Bifurcations, Stability, and Complex Dynamics

by Chao Peng and Jiao Jiang

Modelling 2025, 6(3), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling6030084 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

In this paper, a predator–prey model with hunting cooperation and maturation delay is studied. Through theoretical analysis, we investigate the existence of multiple stability switches of the positive equilibrium. By applying Hopf bifurcation theory, the conditions for Hopf bifurcation are derived, indicating the [...] Read more.

In this paper, a predator–prey model with hunting cooperation and maturation delay is studied. Through theoretical analysis, we investigate the existence of multiple stability switches of the positive equilibrium. By applying Hopf bifurcation theory, the conditions for Hopf bifurcation are derived, indicating the emergence of periodic solutions as the maturation delay passes through critical values. Utilizing center manifold theory and normal form analysis, we determine the stability and direction of the bifurcating orbits. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the theoretical results. Furthermore, the simulations vividly demonstrate the appearance of period-doubling bifurcations, which is the onset of chaotic behavior. Bifurcation diagrams and phase portraits are employed to precisely characterize the transition processes from a stable equilibrium to periodic, period-doubling solutions and chaotic states under different maturation delay values. The study reveals the significant influence of maturation delay on the stability and complex dynamics of predator–prey systems with hunting cooperation. Full article

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16 pages, 1006 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Bayesian Non-Linear Mixed-Effects Model for Accurate Detection of the Onset of Cognitive Decline in Longitudinal Aging Studies

by Franklin Fernando Massa, Marco Scavino and Graciela Muniz-Terrera

Stats 2025, 8(3), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/stats8030074 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

Change-point models are frequently considered when modeling phenomena where a regime shift occurs at an unknown time. In aging research, these models are commonly adopted to estimate of the onset of cognitive decline. Yet these models present several limitations. Here, we present a [...] Read more.

Change-point models are frequently considered when modeling phenomena where a regime shift occurs at an unknown time. In aging research, these models are commonly adopted to estimate of the onset of cognitive decline. Yet these models present several limitations. Here, we present a Bayesian non-linear mixed-effects model based on a differential equation designed for longitudinal studies to overcome some limitations of classical change point models used in aging research. We demonstrate the ability of the proposed model to avoid biases in estimates of the onset of cognitive impairment in a simulated study. Finally, the methodology presented in this work is illustrated by analyzing results from memory tests from older adults who participated in the English Longitudinal Study of Aging. Full article

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27 pages, 33734 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Full Domain Analysis in Fluid Dynamics

by Alexander Hagg, Adam Gaier, Dominik Wilde, Alexander Asteroth, Holger Foysi and Dirk Reith

Mach. Learn. Knowl. Extr. 2025, 7(3), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/make7030086 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

Novel techniques in evolutionary optimization, simulation, and machine learning enable a broad analysis of domains like fluid dynamics, in which computation is expensive and flow behavior is complex. This paper introduces the concept of full domain analysis, defined as the ability to efficiently [...] Read more.

Novel techniques in evolutionary optimization, simulation, and machine learning enable a broad analysis of domains like fluid dynamics, in which computation is expensive and flow behavior is complex. This paper introduces the concept of full domain analysis, defined as the ability to efficiently determine the full space of solutions in a problem domain and analyze the behavior of those solutions in an accessible and interactive manner. The goal of full domain analysis is to deepen our understanding of domains by generating many examples of flow, their diversification, optimization, and analysis. We define a formal model for full domain analysis, its current state of the art, and the requirements of its sub-components. Finally, an example is given to show what can be learned by using full domain analysis. Full domain analysis, rooted in optimization and machine learning, can be a valuable tool in understanding complex systems in computational physics and beyond. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic AI and Computational Methods for Modelling, Simulations and Optimizing of Advanced Systems: Innovations in Complexity, Second Edition)

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27 pages, 2444 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adaptive Response of Petunia × hybrida Plants to Water-Scarce Urban Substrates

by Milica Grubač, Tijana Narandžić, Magdalena Pušić Devai, Jovana Ostojić, Sandra Bijelić, Jelena Čukanović, Anastasija Vujović and Mirjana Ljubojević

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(8), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9080325 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

The use of hydrogel and biostimulants holds great potential for plants’ adaptation to stressful urban conditions, increasing their tolerance to drought stress. In this study, we investigated the plant performance and anatomical response of Petunia × hybrida hort. ex E. Wilm., cultivated under [...] Read more.

The use of hydrogel and biostimulants holds great potential for plants’ adaptation to stressful urban conditions, increasing their tolerance to drought stress. In this study, we investigated the plant performance and anatomical response of Petunia × hybrida hort. ex E. Wilm., cultivated under different substrate volumes and compositions, hydrogel amendments, and biostimulant treatments, as well as their interactions under drought stress. Namely, the plants were planted in pots with a substrate depth of 7 cm and 10 cm and cultivated under different combinations of organic (peat) and inorganic (perlite) substrates. Moreover, half of the plants were subjected to hydrogel and biostimulant treatments. Different watering intervals (24–96 h) were applied in combination with exposing the plants to direct sunlight for 8–10 h. The results showed that a larger substrate depth, along with hydrogel and biostimulant amendments in a mixture of perlite and peat, helps plants adapt to dry conditions when grown in shallow substrates, providing optimal water availability and thus contributing to the physiological adaptation of plants to water deficit. The study clearly demonstrates that substrate selection and irrigation frequency must be jointly optimized to ensure resilient urban greening. Hydrogels stand out as essential amendments, enabling significant water savings by extending irrigation intervals without compromising vascular growth or drought resilience. These water-efficient substrate strategies are vital for sustainable urban vegetation management, especially as cities face increasing environmental pressures and the imperative of climate adaptation, thereby supporting multiple Sustainable Development Goals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urbanization, Regional Planning and Development)

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20 pages, 893 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of Cyclist’s Distraction Due to External Auditory and Visual Stimuli

by Panagiotis Lemonakis, Andreas Nikiforiadis, Dimitrios Kontos, Athanasios Galanis, George Botzoris, Athanasios Theofilatos and Nikolaos Eliou

Safety 2025, 11(3), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11030079 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

The impact of cycling-related traffic crashes on public health has increased significantly in recent decades, with cyclists being among the most vulnerable road users. The risk of severe injury in traffic crashes is notably high for cyclists, especially when distracted. Research indicates that [...] Read more.

The impact of cycling-related traffic crashes on public health has increased significantly in recent decades, with cyclists being among the most vulnerable road users. The risk of severe injury in traffic crashes is notably high for cyclists, especially when distracted. Research indicates that distraction while cycling significantly increases the crash risk. This study investigates cycling distraction through a field operational test involving 100 participants. Riders followed a predetermined course while being exposed to external visual and auditory stimuli, including alarms, advertising signs, and car horns. Distraction levels were measured using eye-tracking technology. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, cluster, and correlation analyses. Our findings showed that auditory stimuli distract a higher percentage of cyclists, while audiovisual stimuli from road-related factors cause longer-lasting distractions. Additionally, five distraction clusters were identified based on stimulus duration. Lastly, it was found that males were more likely to belong to high-distraction clusters, whereas females and daily cyclists were more likely to fall into the lowest-distraction group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Traffic Safety Culture)

14 pages, 3015 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Heat Transfer in the Welding Processes of Naval Metallic Sheets from an Occupational Safety Perspective

by Roberto José Hernández de la Iglesia, José L. Calvo-Rolle, Héctor Quintian-Pardo and Julia C. Mirza-Rosca

Safety 2025, 11(3), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11030078 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

Ship repair is hazardous, often presenting unsuitable working areas and risks due to the ship’s configuration. Welding tasks are particularly dangerous due to the high temperatures generated, high enough to melt the metal in structural elements, bulkheads, linings, and tanks. This study investigates [...] Read more.

Ship repair is hazardous, often presenting unsuitable working areas and risks due to the ship’s configuration. Welding tasks are particularly dangerous due to the high temperatures generated, high enough to melt the metal in structural elements, bulkheads, linings, and tanks. This study investigates the consequences of temperature distribution during the welding of naval plates and proposes some accident prevention measures. Industry working conditions were reproduced, including the materials, procedures, and tools used, as well as the certified personnel employed. DH 36-grade naval steel, with a composition of C max. 0.18%, Mn 0.90–1.60%, P 0.035%, S 0.04%, Si 0.10–0.50%, Ni max 0.4%, Cr max 0.25%, Mo 0.08%, Cu max 0.35%, Cb (Nb) 0.05%, and V 0.1%, was welded via FCAW-G (Gas-Shielded Flux-Cored Arc Welding), selected for this study because it is one of the most widely practiced in the naval industry. The main sensor used in the experiments was an FLIR model E50 thermographic camera, and thermal waxes were employed. The results for each thickness case are presented in both graphical and tabular form to provide accurate and actionable guidelines, prioritizing safety. After studying the butt jointing of naval plates of various thicknesses (8, 10, and 15 mm), safe distances to maintain were proposed to avoid risks in the most unfavorable cases: 350 mm from the welding seam to avoid burn injuries to unprotected areas of the body and 250 mm from the welding seam to avoid producing flammable gases. These numbers are less accurate but easier to remember, which prevents errors in the face of hazards throughout a long working day. Full article

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16 pages, 595 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Human–Chelonian Bond in Italy: An Exploratory Study of Pet Turtle and Tortoise Ownership

by Carmen Borrelli, Alexandre Azevedo, Manuel Magalhães-Sant’Ana and Chiara Mariti

Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(8), 773; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12080773 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

The adoption of exotic animals as pets is increasing across Europe. This study explores the human–chelonian relationship in the Italian population, specifically the motivations for acquiring reptiles as pets and the nature of the emotional bonds between guardians and chelonians. A total of [...] Read more.

The adoption of exotic animals as pets is increasing across Europe. This study explores the human–chelonian relationship in the Italian population, specifically the motivations for acquiring reptiles as pets and the nature of the emotional bonds between guardians and chelonians. A total of 91 chelonian guardians replied to an online survey. Data was analyzed through a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. Most participants (85.7%) owned Hermann’s tortoises (Testudo hermanni), having received them as gifts (50.5%) or purchased them (31.9%). Pet chelonians living outdoors had an almost five times higher odds of being reported as non-family members compared to those with indoor access (OR = 4.90, 95% CI = 1.34–23.41, p = 0.02). No significant relationship was detected between other demographic factors and bond type. When asked whether they consider their pet a family member, 70 out of 91 participants reported information for both their reptile and dog/cat. Among these, pets were seen as family members for 44.3% of chelonians and 92.4% of dogs/cats. In turn, qualitative responses from 85 participants showed that 45% expressed a strong emotional connection to their pet chelonians, using language denoting affection, love, and fascination. These findings suggest that, while emotional bonds between guardians and chelonians may be less interactive and intimate than those with conventional pets, they nonetheless reflect a meaningful bond rooted in personal values of entertainment, convenience, and duty of care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beyond Care: Exploring the Human–Animal Relationship in Veterinary Medicine)

51 pages, 1421 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review of Toxoplasmosis: What We Still Need to Do

by Muhammad Farhab, Muhammad Waqar Aziz, Aftab Shaukat, Ming-Xing Cao, Zhaofeng Hou, Si-Yang Huang, Ling Li and Yu-Guo Yuan

Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(8), 772; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12080772 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is responsible for the disease toxoplasmosis and has the broadest host range among apicomplexan parasites, as it infects virtually all warm-blooded vertebrates. Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic and emerging public health concern with considerable morbidity and mortality, especially in the developing world, [...] Read more.

Toxoplasma gondii is responsible for the disease toxoplasmosis and has the broadest host range among apicomplexan parasites, as it infects virtually all warm-blooded vertebrates. Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic and emerging public health concern with considerable morbidity and mortality, especially in the developing world, affecting approximately one-third of the world’s human population. Clinical presentation varies among species, and the infection establishes lifelong chronicity in hosts. Most of the host species (including healthy humans) are asymptomatic on the one hand, it is fatal to marsupials, neotropical primates and some marine mammals on the other hand. In immunocompetent humans, infection is typically asymptomatic, whereas immunocompromised individuals may develop disseminated disease affecting virtually any organ system—most commonly reproductive, cerebral, and ocular systems. Toxoplasmosis spreads by ingestion of food or water contaminated with T. gondii oocysts, consumption of undercooked/raw meat containing tissue cysts, transplacental transmission from mother to fetus, or by receiving infected organ/blood from the infected individual. Toxoplasmosis is mainly diagnosed by serologic tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is treated with pyrimethamine combined with sulfadiazine or clindamycin, often supplemented with leucovorin, atovaquone, and dexamethasone. Despite having many potent anti-T. gondii antigenic candidates, there is no commercially available vaccine for humans due to many factors, including the complex life cycle of the parasite and its evasion strategies. To date, the only commercially available anti-T. gondii vaccine is for sheep, licensed for veterinary use to prevent ovine abortions. In this review, we have summarized the current understanding of toxoplasmosis. Full article

12 pages, 734 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis in Clinically Suspect Dogs and Its Association with Clinical and Social Factors in Urban and Rural Areas of North-Central Mexico

by Mario Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas-Arias, Rafael Rodríguez-Venegas, Pedro Antonio Robles-Trillo, Francisco Gerardo Véliz-Deras, Alan Sebastián Alvarado-Espino, Vicente Homero González-Álvarez, Martín Alfredo Legarreta-González and Rafael Rodríguez-Martínez

Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(8), 771; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12080771 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis in clinically suspect dogs in the Laguna Region of Coahuila, Mexico, and to analyse its association with several clinical, haematological, and social variables. The present study focuses on the veterinary [...] Read more.

The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis in clinically suspect dogs in the Laguna Region of Coahuila, Mexico, and to analyse its association with several clinical, haematological, and social variables. The present study focuses on the veterinary care provided to a total of 249 dogs during the period from August 2023 to November 2024. The implementation of an immunochromatographic test was undertaken for the purpose of antibody detection. The observed seroprevalence was 63.9% (n = 156). Firstly, statistically significant associations were identified with clinical haemorrhagic signs (77.33%; OR = 5.03; p < 0.001), anaemia (81.25%; OR = 4.17; p < 0.001), and thrombocytopenia (96.26%; OR = 43.24; p < 0.001). Secondly, rural dogs exhibited a higher prevalence (70.54%) compared to urban dogs (54.17%), which was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis and logistic regression identified thrombocytopenia as the most robust predictor. The findings emphasise the substantial circulation of Ehrlichia canis in the region, thereby reinforcing the clinical significance of haemorrhagic manifestations and haematological parameters as diagnostic tools in low-resource settings. The implementation of epidemiological surveillance, vector control, and community education programmes is recommended in order to reduce the impact of this disease on animal and public health. Full article

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35 pages, 16925 KiB

Open AccessReview

Photonic Integrated Circuits: Research Advances and Challenges in Interconnection and Packaging Technologies

by Wenchao Tian, Yifan Wang, Haojie Dang, Huahua Hou and Yuanyuan Xi

Photonics 2025, 12(8), 821; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12080821 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

Silicon photonics, serving as a cornerstone technology in modern information technology, demonstrates significant application potential in critical scenarios such as high-speed data center interconnects and integrated optical communication systems. Facing the persistent demand for information processing capabilities in the post-Moore era, photonic chips [...] Read more.

Silicon photonics, serving as a cornerstone technology in modern information technology, demonstrates significant application potential in critical scenarios such as high-speed data center interconnects and integrated optical communication systems. Facing the persistent demand for information processing capabilities in the post-Moore era, photonic chips have emerged as a pivotal direction for overcoming the performance bottlenecks of traditional chips, leveraging their advantages of low power consumption, high speed, and high integration density. This review focuses specifically on the optical interconnection and packaging technologies for photonic chips. It comprehensively analyzes the research frontiers and key challenges in packaging technologies, encompassing efficient fiber-to-chip coupling techniques, chip-scale optical interconnection technologies, and 2D, 2.5D, and 3D stacked co-packaged optics technologies. By synthesizing and summarizing recent research advances, this paper aims to provide researchers in related fields with a systematic understanding of photonic integrated circuit technology. Furthermore, it seeks to offer insights for future technological breakthroughs in device optimization, packaging innovation, and system-level applications of photonic integrated circuits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Integrated Circuits: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives)

25 pages, 2448 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Marketing a Banned Remedy: A Topic Model Analysis of Health Misinformation in Thai E-Commerce

by Kanitsorn Suriyapaiboonwattana, Yuttana Jaroenruen, Saiphit Satjawisate, Kate Hone, Panupong Puttarak, Nattapong Kaewboonma, Puriwat Lertkrai and Siwanath Nantapichai

Informatics 2025, 12(3), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics12030084 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

Unregulated herbal products marketed via digital platforms present escalating risks to consumer safety and regulatory effectiveness worldwide. This study positions the case of Jindamanee herbal powder—a banned substance under Thai law—as a lens through which to examine broader challenges in digital health governance. [...] Read more.

Unregulated herbal products marketed via digital platforms present escalating risks to consumer safety and regulatory effectiveness worldwide. This study positions the case of Jindamanee herbal powder—a banned substance under Thai law—as a lens through which to examine broader challenges in digital health governance. Drawing on a dataset of 1546 product listings across major platforms (Facebook, TikTok, Shopee, and Lazada), we applied Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to identify prevailing promotional themes and compliance gaps. Despite explicit platform policies, 87.6% of listings appeared on Facebook. Medical claims, particularly for pain relief, featured in 77.6% of posts, while only 18.4% included any risk disclosure. These findings suggest a systematic exploitation of regulatory blind spots and consumer health anxieties, facilitated by templated cross-platform messaging. Anchored in Information Manipulation Theory and the Health Belief Model, the analysis offers theoretical insight into how misinformation is structured and sustained within digital commerce ecosystems. The Thai case highlights urgent implications for platform accountability, policy harmonization, and the design of algorithmic surveillance systems in global health product regulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Health Informatics)

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24 pages, 8750 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Wrinkling Behaviors of Inflated Membrane Airship Structures

by Yu Hu, Rongyan Guo and Wujun Chen

Aerospace 2025, 12(8), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12080730 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

In this paper, the wrinkling behavior of an inflated cantilever beam is presented. An analytical solution for the load-bearing capacity of an inflated beam is proposed to predict the ultimate wrinkling force and critical wrinkling force of the inflated beam, and an iterative [...] Read more.

In this paper, the wrinkling behavior of an inflated cantilever beam is presented. An analytical solution for the load-bearing capacity of an inflated beam is proposed to predict the ultimate wrinkling force and critical wrinkling force of the inflated beam, and an iterative membrane properties method is used to simulate the wrinkling of membrane structures. The load-bearing capacities of an inflated beam, numerically simulated based on these two methods, are compared with experimental results. Good agreement between wrinkling using UMAT-modified M3D4 elements based on the IMP method and experiments was obtained. The effect of wrinkling on the stress distribution of the airship envelope under internal pressure is also explored based on a practice airship. Full article

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34 pages, 6708 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Tactical Maneuver Trajectory Prediction Based on Hierarchical Strategy in Air-to-Air Confrontation Scenarios

by Yuequn Luo, Zhenglei Wei, Dali Ding, Fumin Wang, Hang An, Mulai Tan and Junjun Ma

Aerospace 2025, 12(8), 731; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12080731 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

The prediction of the tactical maneuver trajectory of target aircraft is an important component of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) autonomous air-to-air confrontation. In view of the shortcomings of low accuracy and poor real-time performance in the existing maneuver trajectory prediction methods, this paper [...] Read more.

The prediction of the tactical maneuver trajectory of target aircraft is an important component of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) autonomous air-to-air confrontation. In view of the shortcomings of low accuracy and poor real-time performance in the existing maneuver trajectory prediction methods, this paper establishes a hierarchical tactical maneuver trajectory prediction model to achieve maneuver trajectory prediction based on the prediction of target tactical maneuver intentions. First, extract the maneuver trajectory features and situation features from the above data to establish the classification rules of maneuver units. Second, a tactical maneuver unit prediction model is established using the deep echo-state network based on the auto-encoder with attention mechanism (DeepESN-AE-AM) to predict 21 basic maneuver units. Then, for the above-mentioned 21 basic maneuver units, establish a maneuver trajectory prediction model using the gate recurrent unit based on triangle search optimization with attention mechanism (TSO-GRU-AM). Finally, by integrating the above two prediction models, a hierarchical strategy is adopted to establish a tactical maneuver trajectory prediction model. A section of the confrontation trajectory is selected from the air-to-air confrontation simulation data for prediction, and the results show that the trajectory prediction error of the combination of DeepESN-AE-AM and TSO-GRU-AM is small and meets the accuracy requirements. The simulation results of three air-to-air confrontation scenarios show that the proposed trajectory prediction method helps to assist UAV in accurately judging the confrontational situation and selecting high-quality maneuver strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Multidisciplinary Optimization and Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Aerospace Engineering (Volume II))

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26 pages, 966 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Cooperative Game Theoretical Approach for Designing Integrated Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems Shared Among Localized Users

by Zhouxuan Chen, Tianyu Zhang and Weiwei Cui

Systems 2025, 13(8), 712; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080712 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

To address the increasing need for clean energy and efficient resource utilization, this paper aims to provide a cooperative framework and a fair profit allocation mechanism for integrated photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems that are shared among different types of users within [...] Read more.

To address the increasing need for clean energy and efficient resource utilization, this paper aims to provide a cooperative framework and a fair profit allocation mechanism for integrated photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems that are shared among different types of users within a regional alliance, including industrial, commercial, and residential users. A cooperative game model is proposed and formulated by a two-level optimization problem: the upper level determines the optimal PV and storage capacities to maximize the alliance’s net profit, while the lower level allocates profits using an improved Nash bargaining approach based on Shapley value. The model simultaneously incorporates different real-world factors such as time-of-use electricity pricing, system life cycle cost, and load diversity. The results demonstrate that coordination between energy storage systems and PV systems can avoid 18% of solar curtailment losses. Compared to independent deployment by individual users, the cooperative sharing model increases the net present value by 8.41%, highlighting improvements in cost-effectiveness, renewable resource utilization, and operational flexibility. Users with higher demand or better load–generation matching gain greater economic returns, which can provide decision-making guidance for the government in formulating differentiated subsidy policies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Engineering)

27 pages, 7563 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Dynamic Behavior and Vibrations of the Operator-Vehicle Assembly in Electric Agricultural Tractor Operations: A Simulation Approach for Sustainable Transport Systems

by Teofil-Alin Oncescu, Ilona Madalina Costea, Ștefan Constantin Burciu and Cristian Alexandru Rentea

Systems 2025, 13(8), 710; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080710 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

This study presents an advanced simulation-based methodology for evaluating the dynamic vibrational behavior of the operator–vehicle assembly in autonomous electric agricultural tractors. Using the TE-0 electric tractor as the experimental platform, the research is structured into three integrated stages. In the first stage, [...] Read more.

This study presents an advanced simulation-based methodology for evaluating the dynamic vibrational behavior of the operator–vehicle assembly in autonomous electric agricultural tractors. Using the TE-0 electric tractor as the experimental platform, the research is structured into three integrated stages. In the first stage, a seated anthropometric virtual model of the human operator is developed based on experimental data and biomechanical validation. The second stage involves a detailed modal analysis of the TE-0 electric tractor using Altair Sim Solid, with the objective of determining the natural frequencies and vibration modes in the [0–80] Hz range, in compliance with ISO 2631-1. This analysis captures both the structural-induced frequencies—associated with the chassis, wheelbase, and metallic frame—and the operational-induced frequencies, influenced by the velocity and terrain profile. Subsequently, the modal analysis of the “Grammer Cabin Seat” is conducted to assess its dynamic response and identify critical vibration modes, highlighting how the seat behaves under vibrational stimuli from the tractor and terrain. The third stage extends the analysis to the virtual operator model seated on the tractor seat, investigating the biomechanical response of the human body and the operator–seat–vehicle interaction during simulated motion. Simulations were carried out using SolidWorks 2023 and Altair Sim Solid over a frequency range of [0–80] Hz, corresponding to operation on unprocessed soil covered with grass, at a constant forward speed of 7 km/h. The results reveal critical resonance modes and vibration transmission paths that may impact operator health, comfort, and system performance. The research contributes to the development of safer, more ergonomic, and sustainable autonomous agricultural transport systems. By simulating real-world operation scenarios and integrating a rigorously validated experimental protocol—including vibration data acquisition, biomechanical modeling, and multi-stage modal analysis—this study demonstrates the importance of advanced modeling in optimizing system-level performance, minimizing harmful vibrations, and supporting the transition toward resilient and eco-efficient electric tractor platforms in smart agricultural mobility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Social Science)

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33 pages, 1423 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Systematic Study on Embodied Carbon Emissions in the Materialization Phase of Residential Buildings: Indicator Assessment Based on Life Cycle Analysis and STIRPAT Modeling

by Miaoyi Wang, Yuchen Lu, Chenlu Yang and Mingyu Yang

Systems 2025, 13(8), 711; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080711 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

Against the backdrop of intensifying global climate change and advancing the goal of the “dual-carbon” strategy, the built environment is being viewed as a complex socio-technical system in which technological, economic, demographic and institutional subsystems are coupled and evolving at different scales. As [...] Read more.

Against the backdrop of intensifying global climate change and advancing the goal of the “dual-carbon” strategy, the built environment is being viewed as a complex socio-technical system in which technological, economic, demographic and institutional subsystems are coupled and evolving at different scales. As a core node in this system, residential buildings not only carry infrastructural functions, but are also deeply embedded in energy flows, material cycles and behavioural structures, which have a significant impact on carbon emissions. Given the high volume of residential buildings in China and the significant differences between urban and rural construction, there is an urgent need to systematically identify and analyse the implicit carbon emissions during the materialisation phase. In this paper, from the perspective of systems engineering, we selected 30 urban and rural residential buildings in provinces and cities from 2005 to 2020 as the research objects, adopted the life cycle assessment (LCA) method to account for the implied carbon emissions in the materialisation stage, and systematically identified the driving factors of carbon emissions based on the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) model. From this study, we made the following conclusions: (1) the total carbon emissions of residential buildings in urban and rural areas in China continue to rise during the materialisation stage, showing a spatial pattern of “high in the south-east and low in the north-west”, with a significant trend of structural transformation in urban and rural areas and with steel–concrete structures dominating in towns and cities, and bricks and steel being used in rural areas. (2) Resident population and disposable income are generally positive driving factors, while the influence of industrial structure and energy intensity is heterogeneous between urban and rural areas. For overall residential buildings, every 1% increase in resident population and income will lead to a 1.055% and 0.73% increase in carbon emissions, respectively. The study shows that life-cycle-oriented carbon accounting and the identification of multidimensional driving mechanisms are of great policy value in developing urban–rural differentiated emission reduction paths and enhancing the effectiveness of carbon management in the building sector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Social Science)

16 pages, 1054 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Antimicrobials and Resistant Bacteria in Treated Sewage Effluents in South Brazil

by Keite da Silva Nogueira, Ana Paula de Oliveira Tomaz, Gabrielly Cristina Kubis, Raizza Zorman Marques, Nicole Geraldine de Paula Marques Witt, Aliny Lucia Borges Borba, Bárbara Zanicotti Leite and Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes

Antibiotics 2025, 14(8), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14080836 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The increasing presence of antimicrobial residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) has become a critical concern for environmental and public health. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, concentrations, and ecological risks of commonly used antimicrobials [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: The increasing presence of antimicrobial residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) has become a critical concern for environmental and public health. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, concentrations, and ecological risks of commonly used antimicrobials as well as the prevalence of clinically relevant ARB in treated effluents. Methods: A five-month monitoring campaign was conducted at a major WWTP in Curitiba, Brazil. Thirteen antibiotics were quantified using LC-MS/MS, resistant bacteria were identified via phenotypic profiling, and ecotoxicological assays were performed with Desmodesmus subspicatus. Risk assessments included hazard quotient (HQ) calculations for ecotoxicity and resistance selection as well as multivariate and correlation analyses. Results: All antibiotics were consistently detected over five months, with total concentrations ranging from 1730 to 2840 ng L⁻¹. Clinically relevant ARB (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae) resistant to high-priority antibiotics were also isolated. Ecotoxicological tests showed moderate growth inhibition only in undiluted effluent. HQ values for ecotoxicity were <1, but HQ for resistance selection exceeded 1 for all compounds. Multivariate analyses showed strong associations between fluoroquinolone and macrolide concentrations and ARB detection. Conclusions: Although WWTPs reduce pollutant loads, conventional processes may not fully eliminate antimicrobials and ARB, highlighting the need for advanced treatments. Culture-based detection may have underestimated the resistance diversity. These findings support the integration of resistance-based discharge thresholds into regulations, and provide a replicable model for AMR surveillance in tropical urban systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance in the Era of Climate Change)

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3 pages, 152 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Integrating Global Surveillance, Local Action, and Innovative Stewardship Against Antimicrobial Resistance

by Jesús Ruiz-Ramos

Antibiotics 2025, 14(8), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14080835 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

The silent pandemic of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the gravest threats to global health of the 21st century [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimizing Antimicrobial Use: Antimicrobial Stewardship and Surveillance)

15 pages, 1261 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Carbon-Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles Navigated to Integrin Alfa V Beta 3 Receptors in Rat Glioma

by Agnieszka Stawarska, Magdalena Bamburowicz-Klimkowska, Wojciech Szeszkowski and Ireneusz Piotr Grudzinski

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(16), 1277; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15161277 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

Overexpression of αvβ3 integrin is found in a diverse group of tumors originating from glial cells in the brain, making this transmembrane receptor a promising biomarker for molecular MRI diagnosis. In the study, we conjugated a monoclonal antibody against the β3 subunit (CD61) [...] Read more.

Overexpression of αvβ3 integrin is found in a diverse group of tumors originating from glial cells in the brain, making this transmembrane receptor a promising biomarker for molecular MRI diagnosis. In the study, we conjugated a monoclonal antibody against the β3 subunit (CD61) of the αvβ3 integrin receptor with carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles to yield Fe@C-(CH₂)₂-CONH-anti-CD61 bioconjugates that were used in dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI). Wistar rats bearing C6 gliomas were injected as a single bolus (0.5 mL) through the tail vain with a suspension of Fe@C-(CH₂)₂-CONH-anti-CD61 nanoparticles (200 μg mL⁻¹) and the animals were imaged using the T2*-weighted echo planar imaging (T2* EPI) technique. Results showed that intravenously infused nanoparticles targeting αvβ3 integrin receptors provide strong contrast in rat glioma tissues. No such effects were observed in other rat organs, although some post-contrast effects were also noted in the liver and kidney. The study shows that the as-developed nanoparticles decorated with anti-CD61 monoclonal antibodies might be considered as a novel contrast candidate for noninvasive DSC-MRI diagnosis in CD61-positive gliomas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Nanomaterials in Biomedical Imaging and Cancer Therapy: 3rd Edition)

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24 pages, 5542 KiB

Open AccessArticle

TARPγ2-Derived Peptide Enhances Early-Phase Long-Term Potentiation and Impairs Memory Retention in Male Rats

by Dominik Mátyás, Vanda Tukacs, Vilmos Tóth, Péter Baracskay, Stefánia Krisztina Pap, Pál Stráner, Trần Minh Hiền, Éva Hunyadi-Gulyás, Zsuzsanna Darula, András Perczel, Katalin Adrienna Kékesi and Gábor Juhász

Brain Sci. 2025, 15(8), 881; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15080881 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Disruption of AMPAR trafficking at excitatory synapses contributes to impaired synaptic plasticity and memory formation in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Arc, an immediate early gene product, has been shown to interact with the AMPAR auxiliary subunit TARPγ2, affecting receptor mobility [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Disruption of AMPAR trafficking at excitatory synapses contributes to impaired synaptic plasticity and memory formation in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Arc, an immediate early gene product, has been shown to interact with the AMPAR auxiliary subunit TARPγ2, affecting receptor mobility and synaptic stabilization. Methods: To investigate the in vivo functional effects and protein interactions of the Arc-TARPγ2 interfering peptide RIPSYR, we performed in vivo electrophysiology and spatial memory assessments in male rats. as well as proteomic analyses of peptide-protein interactions in synaptosome lysates. We then used in silico docking to evaluate candidate binding partners. Results: In the present study, in vivo electrophysiological measurements revealed that RIPSYR administration altered early-phase long-term potentiation at CA3 synapses of male rats. Subsequent behavioral testing that assessed spatial memory performance revealed depleted memory retrieval after 24 h, indicating that the peptide has a systemic effect on experience-dependent plasticity. Then, we examined the molecular interactome of RIPSYR using magnetic bead-based immunoprecipitation and subsequent LC-MS identification on synaptosome lysates, and identified additional candidate binding partners, suggesting that the peptide may have broader modulatory effects. RIPSYR binding to the other putative binding partners are investigated by in silico methods. Conclusion: Our results raise the question of how the molecular interactions of RIPSYR contribute to its sum effects on electrophysiology and behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral Neuroscience)

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14 pages, 250 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Juggling the Limits of Lucidity: Searching for Cognitive Constraints in Lucid Dream Motor Practice: 4 Case Reports

by Emma Peters, Clarita Bonamino, Kathrin Fischer and Daniel Erlacher

Brain Sci. 2025, 15(8), 879; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15080879 - 18 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Lucid dreaming (LD), during which the dreamer becomes aware of the dream state, offers a unique opportunity for a variety of applications, including motor practice, personal well-being, and nightmare therapy. However, these applications largely depend on the dreamer’s ability to control their [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Lucid dreaming (LD), during which the dreamer becomes aware of the dream state, offers a unique opportunity for a variety of applications, including motor practice, personal well-being, and nightmare therapy. However, these applications largely depend on the dreamer’s ability to control their dreams. While LD research has traditionally focused on induction techniques to increase dream frequency, the equally important skill of dream control remains largely underexplored. This study provides an exploration into the mechanisms of LD motor practice, dream control, and its potential influencing factors. We specifically examined whether a complex motor skill—juggling—could be performed during LD, calling for relatively high levels of dream control and access to procedural memory. Methods: Four healthy participants underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG), provided detailed dream reports, and completed questionnaires assessing dream control and self-efficacy. Dream-task success was assessed using predefined in-dream motor performance criteria. Differences between high and low LD control participants were examined, and two detailed case reports of lucid dream juggling attempts provide insight into the challenges of executing complex motor tasks during LD. Results: Dream control varied between and within participants. Both dream control and self-efficacy seemed to predict participants’ ability to execute the LD motor task. Conclusions: Despite the low sample size, this study highlights the potential roles of individual traits like self-efficacy in shaping dream control abilities and motor performance during LD. By using empirical, task-based measures, this study helps build the foundation for future research aimed at optimizing LD applications in clinical and non-clinical fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lucid Dreaming and Psychophysiological Correlates of States of Consciousness)

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