Advancing Open Science
Supporting academic communities
since 1996
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 

Recent Articles  

24 pages, 386 KB  
Article
Curating Awareness and Hope: Performing Field and Finzi as Gentle Climate Activism
by Mine Doğantan-Dack
Arts 2026, 15(4), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/arts15040084 (registering DOI) - 17 Apr 2026
Abstract
This article presents an autoethnographic narrative account of curating and performing two pieces for solo piano and string orchestra—Climate Concerto by Brian Field and Eclogue by Gerald Finzi—to advocate for climate action. It discusses the selection of a concert venue that could [...] Read more.
This article presents an autoethnographic narrative account of curating and performing two pieces for solo piano and string orchestra—Climate Concerto by Brian Field and Eclogue by Gerald Finzi—to advocate for climate action. It discusses the selection of a concert venue that could be “thickly lived”, offering layers of cultural, historical and aesthetic resonance, and a concert date that could generate “interaction chains”, where engagement in one event motivates engagement in others. The article reflects on the multiple forms of loss brought about by the climate emergency, exploring Field’s musical portrayal of environmental loss and Finzi’s evocation of a harmonious human-nature relationship, which highlights a way of being-in-the-world that has been lost. In response to pervasive pessimism and dystopian narratives in climate communication, the discussion foregrounds hope as a powerful motivator for positive action, showing how the narrative scope of Field’s large-scale forms and the aesthetic beauty of Finzi’s music can elicit felt hope. The article also advocates for gentle musical activism for climate action, emphasising music’s capacity to cultivate relational sensitivity, ethical responsiveness, and collective responsibility toward each other and the world—even amid ecological crisis, social fragmentation, and uncertainty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Creating Musical Experiences)
23 pages, 5748 KB  
Article
The Influence of the TiO2 Compact Layer on the Performance of Carbon-Based Ambient-Synthesized CH3NH3PbI3 Solar Cells
by Cheikh Zakaria Eldjilali, Pei-Ling Low, Gregory Soon How Thien, Yew-Keong Sin, Boon Kar Yap, Kar Ban Tan and Kah-Yoong Chan
Energies 2026, 19(8), 1935; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19081935 (registering DOI) - 17 Apr 2026
Abstract
Since their discovery in 2009, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated rapid progress. Ambient-processed, carbon-based PSCs utilizing a pre-heating step offer a cost-effective fabrication route. Nevertheless, the role of the compact titanium dioxide (TiO2-c) layer in ambient conditions has remained under-explored [...] Read more.
Since their discovery in 2009, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated rapid progress. Ambient-processed, carbon-based PSCs utilizing a pre-heating step offer a cost-effective fabrication route. Nevertheless, the role of the compact titanium dioxide (TiO2-c) layer in ambient conditions has remained under-explored and inconsistently reported in the literature. This study then investigated the impact of TiO2-c layer thickness, ranging from 70 nm to 155 nm, on the performance of PSCs fabricated entirely in ambient air with high relative humidity (RH > 70%). The layers were deposited via the sol-gel spin-coating method. Experimental results then revealed that the thinnest layer (70 nm) yielded the lowest average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.05% due to diminished Jsc and Voc values. The optimized TiO2-c thickness was also identified at 95 nm, achieving an average PCE of 2.95% and a peak efficiency of 4.5%. Structural analysis via XRD confirmed the presence of both anatase and brookite phases. Notably, increasing the thickness from 70 nm to 155 nm resulted in a slight reduction in the anatase peak and a corresponding increase in the brookite peak. The superior performance at 95 nm could be attributed to a balanced crystal intensity between these two phases. Furthermore, TiO2-c thickness was found to correlate with larger aggregate formation, better uniform shape grains, and reduced surface roughness, significantly influencing the morphology of the subsequent mesoporous TiO2-m layer. These findings then provided critical insights into how thickness variation in the TiO2-c layer could influence the performance of ambient-processed carbon-based PSCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solar Energy, Governance and CO2 Emissions)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 329 KB  
Article
Religious–Moral Values in Inclusive Education: A Mixed-Methods Study of Romanian Special Education Teachers
by Dorin Opriş and Alina-Mihaela Corici
Religions 2026, 17(4), 489; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17040489 (registering DOI) - 17 Apr 2026
Abstract
This study examines the role of religious–moral values in supporting the inclusion of students with special educational needs (SEN) within the broader framework of inclusive education. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, the research combines a qualitative phase based on semi-structured interviews with [...] Read more.
This study examines the role of religious–moral values in supporting the inclusion of students with special educational needs (SEN) within the broader framework of inclusive education. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, the research combines a qualitative phase based on semi-structured interviews with special education teachers (N = 9 participants) and a quantitative phase involving a questionnaire administered to a larger sample (N = 324 respondents). The qualitative findings indicate that teachers associate religious–moral values with the development of socio-emotional competencies, such as empathy, respect, solidarity, and a sense of belonging, which are considered essential for inclusion. The quantitative results support these perspectives, showing high levels of agreement regarding the contribution of these values to fostering positive attitudes, social acceptance, and the classroom integration of students with SEN. The findings also suggest that teachers attribute greater importance to core values than to formal religious instruction and prefer adaptive, student-centered strategies, including narrative and experiential approaches. Overall, the study highlights the potential of religious–moral values as a resource for inclusive education when applied in a flexible, interdisciplinary, and context-sensitive manner. These findings contribute to ongoing discussions on the role of religion in education, particularly in relation to inclusion, equality, and respect for diversity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Religions and Humanities/Philosophies)
19 pages, 40100 KB  
Article
Three New Species, New Records, and a Key to Dryops Olivier, 1791 (Coleoptera: Dryopidae) from Brazil
by Matheus de Souza Leite Alexandre, Bruno Clarkson, André Silva Fernandes and Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo Moreira
Insects 2026, 17(4), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17040430 (registering DOI) - 17 Apr 2026
Abstract
Dryopidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) comprise 37 genera and about 280 species, occurring on all continents except Antarctica. The Neotropical fauna of the family has been neglected for decades, despite a few recent contributions. So far, seven genera and 29 species have been recorded from [...] Read more.
Dryopidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) comprise 37 genera and about 280 species, occurring on all continents except Antarctica. The Neotropical fauna of the family has been neglected for decades, despite a few recent contributions. So far, seven genera and 29 species have been recorded from Brazil. Based on 369 adults collected in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Paraná, and Rio de Janeiro, we describe Dryops antonioi sp. nov., D. nelsimarae sp. nov., and D. simoneae sp. nov. Furthermore, we herein redescribe and provide new records for D. ovatus (Grouvelle, 1890), an updated key to the species recorded from the country and a checklist of Neotropical representatives of the genus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Systematics, Phylogeny and Evolution)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 8792 KB  
Article
Chemical Composition Analysis of Highland Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with Different Modification Methods and Lipid Metabolism Mechanism Analysis of Highland Barley with Microwave Fluidization Modification
by Xiang Li, Kevin Shyong Wei Tan and Pengxiao Chen
Foods 2026, 15(8), 1396; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15081396 (registering DOI) - 17 Apr 2026
Abstract
In this study, the chemical composition of highland barley (HB), microwave fluidization HB (HB-1), extrusion and puffing HB (HB-2), and ultrafine pulverization HB (HB-3) were investigated based on untargeted metabolomics. In addition, RNA-seq transcriptomics, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) [...] Read more.
In this study, the chemical composition of highland barley (HB), microwave fluidization HB (HB-1), extrusion and puffing HB (HB-2), and ultrafine pulverization HB (HB-3) were investigated based on untargeted metabolomics. In addition, RNA-seq transcriptomics, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) analysis were used to investigate the lipid metabolism mechanism of HB-1, induced by a high fat and cholesterol diet (HFCD). The results indicated that a total of 1292 metabolites were detected and classified into 78 distinct classes in the untargeted metabolomics analysis including fatty acyls, carboxylic acids and derivatives, glycerophospholipids, organooxygen compounds, prenol lipids, and so on. HB-1, HB-2, and HB-3 all increased the levels of amino acids and their derivatives, phenols, and carboxylic acid and its derivatives compared with HB. Furthermore, RNA-seq transcriptomic results indicated that HB-1 significantly modulated key genes of Cyp2c38, Cyp2b13, and Cyp2b9 related to steroid hormone biosynthesis and CD36, Plin4, and Fabp4 related to the PPAR signaling pathway, which played key roles in lipid metabolism. Moreover, qRT-PCR and WB results indicated that HB-1 obviously enhanced ADIPOQ expression level, while it reduced SCD-1, CD36, Fabp4, and SREBP-1c expression levels, suggesting that the alleviation of lipid metabolic dysregulation by HB-1 in hyperlipidemia mice might be mediated via participating in the PPARγ pathway. This study provided essential theoretical insights for the development and utilization of HB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Grain)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 2759 KB  
Article
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering on Grain Boundaries of Cold-Rolled Nickel
by Tianfu Li, Zijun Wang, Wenyao Hu, Yiju Yang, Xiaoming Du, Shibo Yan, Zhong Chen, Taisen Zuo, He Cheng, Yongqin Chang and Dongfeng Chen
Materials 2026, 19(8), 1608; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19081608 (registering DOI) - 17 Apr 2026
Abstract
The effect of grain boundaries on small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was investigated for pure nickel. A series of annealed cold-rolled nickel samples were characterized by SANS, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental results indicate that [...] Read more.
The effect of grain boundaries on small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was investigated for pure nickel. A series of annealed cold-rolled nickel samples were characterized by SANS, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental results indicate that the proportion of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) has a noticeable influence on the scattering intensity. Cold-rolled samples exhibited a similar proportion of LAGBs, leading to only slight differences in scattering intensity. The scattering intensity was found to be dependent on annealing time and temperature. For samples with low degrees of recrystallization, a large number of LAGBs remained, resulting in high scattering intensity at low q. In contrast, samples with a high degree of recrystallization showed a significant reduction in LAGBs, which caused a noticeable decrease in SANS intensity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Characterization of Solid Material Surfaces at the Nanoscale)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2242 KB  
Article
Preparative Isolation of High-Purity n-3 Docosapentaenoic Acid via Iterative Isocratic Flash Chromatography with Solvent Recycling
by Gonzalo Saiz-Gonzalo and Gaetan Drouin
Lipidology 2026, 3(2), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/lipidology3020013 (registering DOI) - 17 Apr 2026
Abstract
Background: n-3 Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5 n-3) is increasingly viewed as a distinct long-chain omega-3 fatty acid with biological activities that are not fully captured by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, progress remains limited by restricted access to high-purity DPA: [...] Read more.
Background: n-3 Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5 n-3) is increasingly viewed as a distinct long-chain omega-3 fatty acid with biological activities that are not fully captured by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, progress remains limited by restricted access to high-purity DPA: most commercial sources contain DPA as a minor component, and published isolation strategies often yield only enriched mixtures or require multi-step workflows that are difficult to scale in standard laboratories. Objectives: We aimed to establish a robust, laboratory-accessible purification workflow to obtain DPA ethyl ester at high purity while preserving oxidative quality. Methods: Candidate lipid sources were screened to select an optimal DPA-containing feedstock. Oils were stabilized with antioxidants and pre-fractionated by cold crystallization (−20 °C) to reduce saturated lipids and oxidation by-products. Preparative separation used a stacked C18 flash system (15 μm + 45 μm in series) operated isocratically (methanol/water 92:8, v/v) at 120 mL/min. Fractions were analyzed by GC and iteratively reinjected to progressively enrich the DPA window. Solvent was recovered by distillation and reused. Results: Omegavie® 4020EE (5.4% n-3 DPA) was identified as the best starting material. Pretreatment eliminated detectable TBARS-derived malondialdehyde. The isocratic purification-loop strategy produced tens of grams of DPA ethyl ester at >98% purity (GC–FID) defined as n-3 DPA area% of total identified fatty acid methyl esters by GC–FID, with per-cycle DPA recovery of 91–95%, overall recovery of 76% from the starting DPA content, and >90% solvent recycling. The workflow is scalable at the gram-to-tens-of-grams level for research laboratories, although solvent burden and column maintenance remain practical constraints for larger-scale implementation. Identity and purity were confirmed by GC–MS and ^1H NMR, and oxidation indices remained low (peroxide value < 0.2 meq/kg; p-anisidine < 3). Conclusions: This scalable, solvent-conscious protocol enables reliable access to high-purity DPA and should be adaptable to other low-abundance polyunsaturated fatty acids. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 548 KB  
Review
The Computational Revolution in Natural Product Research: A Data-Driven Roadmap for Next-Generation Drug Development
by Mia Yang Ang and Siew Woh Choo
Biology 2026, 15(8), 632; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15080632 (registering DOI) - 17 Apr 2026
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) have historically provided the foundational scaffolds for drug development, yet traditional bioprospecting faces critical limitations: high rediscovery rates, laborious isolation workflows, and substantial attrition during clinical translation. The emergence of big data technologies is fundamentally transforming this landscape, enabling a [...] Read more.
Natural products (NPs) have historically provided the foundational scaffolds for drug development, yet traditional bioprospecting faces critical limitations: high rediscovery rates, laborious isolation workflows, and substantial attrition during clinical translation. The emergence of big data technologies is fundamentally transforming this landscape, enabling a shift from serendipity-based discovery toward systematic, data-driven approaches. This review examines how the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and multi-omics datasets is accelerating natural product research across three key domains: (1) genome mining for biosynthetic gene cluster identification using platforms such as antiSMASH, (2) cheminformatics-driven prediction of structure–activity relationships and ADMET properties, and (3) metabolomics-guided dereplication to prioritize novel bioactive scaffolds. We evaluate the convergence of genomics, metabolomics, and computational chemistry in enabling in silico lead optimization and the discovery of cryptic metabolites from previously inaccessible microbial taxa. While challenges in data standardization and scalability persist, the synergy between big data and NP research is accelerating clinical translation. Despite persistent challenges in data standardization, scalability, and equitable benefit-sharing, the convergence of big data and NP research is poised to redefine drug development. These advances position computational NP research as a cornerstone of next-generation drug development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Biology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1299 KB  
Article
Urology Training Across Borders: An International Survey of Residents’ Experiences, Perceptions, and Expectations
by Andrea Alberti, Rossella Nicoletti, Anna Luisa Heinrichs, Julian Peter Struck, Petros Sountoulides, Francesco Curto, Sergio Serni, Georgios Chasiotis, Olumide Farinre, Harshit Garg, Clément Klein, Gaelle Margue, Amanda A. Myers, Nikolaos Pyrgidis, Roberto Contieri, Ioana Fugaru, Lazaros Tzelves, Alessandro Uleri, Wilbert Fana Mutomba, Dimitrios Diamantidis, Jean de la Rosette, Maria Pilar Laguna, Jack M. Zuckerman, Philippe E. Spiess, Henry H. Woo, Stavros Gravas and Mauro Gacciadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Soc. Int. Urol. J. 2026, 7(2), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/siuj7020024 (registering DOI) - 17 Apr 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Urology residency training widely varies across countries, and evidence comparing residents’ experiences at an international level is limited. This study reports the results of an international survey of urology residents from different countries worldwide, aiming to characterize training environments, educational exposure, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Urology residency training widely varies across countries, and evidence comparing residents’ experiences at an international level is limited. This study reports the results of an international survey of urology residents from different countries worldwide, aiming to characterize training environments, educational exposure, and trainee expectations across diverse healthcare systems. Methods: A 39-item online survey was administered to urology residents during the Société Internationale d’Urologie (SIU) Regional Meeting (Florence, November 2024), assessing demographics, training exposure, educational resources, workload, satisfaction, and career perspectives. The results were compared between trainees at different postgraduate years (PGYs) to explore associations for key outcomes. Results: Overall, 208 urology residents from 21 countries completed the survey. Most residents were actively involved in research (76.4%), although confidence in independent scientific production was moderate (significantly lower among junior trainees). Surgical exposure increased with PGY, with good experience in endoscopy but limited hands-on exposure and expected autonomy in laparoscopic, robotic, and major open surgery. Despite high overall satisfaction with urology, residents described heavy workloads, inconsistent access to structured teaching and international fellowships, and a long-term shift in career expectations toward private practice. Conclusions: Urology residents worldwide report high engagement in research, strong satisfaction with their specialty choice, and interest in international mobility. Nonetheless, persistent disparities in surgical exposure, research confidence, workload, and gender representation highlight the need for competency-based curricula, structured mentorship, and improved training organization to promote equitable and high-quality urology education globally. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1413 KB  
Article
Risk Reduction Evaluation of Prescriptive Technical Codes for Hydrogen Refueling Stations Using LOPA
by Yonggyu Kim, Jongbeom Park, Shintak Han, Heewon Song, Heesoo Chung, Keunwon Lee, Gwyam Shin and Seungho Jung
Energies 2026, 19(8), 1933; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19081933 (registering DOI) - 17 Apr 2026
Abstract
This study evaluates the risk reduction performance of prescriptive technical codes applied to hydrogen refueling stations using a Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) approach. A representative accident scenario involving high-pressure hose rupture at the dispenser was selected as the initiating event, and the [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the risk reduction performance of prescriptive technical codes applied to hydrogen refueling stations using a Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) approach. A representative accident scenario involving high-pressure hose rupture at the dispenser was selected as the initiating event, and the initiating event frequency was determined based on CCPS guidelines. The target mitigated event likelihood (TMEL) was set to 1.0×10−6/year, resulting in a required risk reduction factor (RRF) of 1.0×104. Safety devices specified in the Korean Gas Safety (KGS) Codes were identified as independent protection layers (IPLs), and their probability of failure on demand (PFD) values were assigned based on commonly accepted LOPA data. The combined PFD of the identified IPLs was estimated to be 1.0×10−5, leading to a mitigated event likelihood of 1.0×10−7/year, which satisfies the predefined TMEL. These results indicate that the prescriptive technical codes can provide a certain level of quantitative risk reduction when all required safeguards operate as assumed. However, the analysis also reveals structural limitations associated with independence assumptions, potential common cause failures, and maintenance conditions. The findings suggest that integrating functional safety concepts and systematic risk assessment with prescriptive codes could enhance the reliability of safety management for hydrogen refueling stations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hydrogen Storage: Strategies, Technologies, Safety and Future Directions)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 415 KB  
Article
Development of a Multi-Dimensional Framework for Interpreting the Sustainability of Textile Materials
by Eui Kyung Roh
Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3982; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083982 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
Sustainability assessment of textile materials has traditionally relied on origin-based classifications and indicator-driven life cycle assessment (LCA), often treating sustainability as an inherent or material-intrinsic property. However, materials sharing similar biological origins or “bio-based” labels frequently exhibit substantially different sustainability outcomes when processing [...] Read more.
Sustainability assessment of textile materials has traditionally relied on origin-based classifications and indicator-driven life cycle assessment (LCA), often treating sustainability as an inherent or material-intrinsic property. However, materials sharing similar biological origins or “bio-based” labels frequently exhibit substantially different sustainability outcomes when processing pathways, composite structures, and end-of-life (EoL) compatibility are taken into account. To address this limitation, this study develops a qualitative, multidimensional analytical framework that conceptualizes textile material sustainability as a pathway-dependent and system-mediated outcome rather than an inherent material attribute. The framework integrates four interrelated dimensions—renewability, process sustainability, EoL options, and material source—derived from a structured review of academic, policy, and technical literature. To demonstrate the analytical scope and internal logic of the framework, a selected set of 65 innovative textile materials was systematically analyzed using a three-tier qualitative coding scheme (favorable, conditional, and unfavorable) under conservative data validation criteria. The analysis shows that sustainability performance is primarily shaped by pathway configurations—particularly processing intensity, binder chemistry, and EoL compatibility—rather than material origin alone and that similar bio-based materials can exhibit fundamentally different sustainability profiles depending on these factors. By reframing sustainability from a material-centered perspective to a pathway-oriented and system-based perspective, the proposed framework provides a structured basis for integrating material innovation, process design, and end-of-life planning in sustainability-oriented textile research and development and establishes a conceptual foundation for future empirical and quantitative extensions. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 2831 KB  
Review
Membrane Protein Glycosylation Revisited: Functional Dynamics and Emerging Clinical Insights
by Kyung-Hee Kim and Byong Chul Yoo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(8), 3575; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27083575 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications of membrane proteins and plays a central role in regulating their structure and function. Unlike many existing reviews that address glycosylation in a system-wide context, this review focuses specifically on membrane proteins and examines [...] Read more.
Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications of membrane proteins and plays a central role in regulating their structure and function. Unlike many existing reviews that address glycosylation in a system-wide context, this review focuses specifically on membrane proteins and examines how glycosylation shapes their functional behavior and clinical relevance. Because membrane proteins are exposed to the extracellular environment, glycans on their surface directly influence protein folding, receptor organization, and interactions with ligands and immune components. These diverse effects can be understood within a common mechanistic framework in which glycosylation modulates protein conformation, receptor clustering, and membrane organization, thereby altering signaling, adhesion, transport, and immune recognition. We discuss how N-linked and O-linked glycosylation regulate major classes of membrane proteins across these processes. Particular attention is given to disease-associated alterations in glycosylation, especially in cancer, immune and inflammatory disorders, and metabolic disease. For instance, glycosylation-dependent stabilization of PD-L1 and modulation of receptor signaling, such as EGFR, illustrate how glycan modifications contribute to immune evasion and therapeutic response. We further consider the clinical implications of membrane protein glycosylation, including its roles in biomarker development and as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Advances in glycoproteomic technologies have enabled increasingly detailed characterization of site-specific glycosylation, although significant analytical challenges remain, particularly for membrane proteins. Overall, this review highlights membrane protein glycosylation as a dynamic regulatory layer that links molecular mechanisms to functional outcomes and clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Insights into Glycobiology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 770 KB  
Article
The Association Between Fermented Food Intake and Hs-CRP Across Age Groups in Korean Adults: Effect Modification by Sodium Intake
by Woori Na and Cheongmin Sohn
Nutrients 2026, 18(8), 1264; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18081264 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Korean traditional fermented foods may confer metabolic and anti-inflammatory benefits; however, their high sodium content raises concerns, particularly given age-related differences in sodium sensitivity. This study examined age-specific associations between fermented food intake and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a marker [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Korean traditional fermented foods may confer metabolic and anti-inflammatory benefits; however, their high sodium content raises concerns, particularly given age-related differences in sodium sensitivity. This study examined age-specific associations between fermented food intake and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a marker of low-grade systemic inflammation, and assessed whether sodium intake modifies these associations. Methods: Data from KNHANES 2015–2018 were used to analyze 17,984 adults. Fermented foods were categorized into 10 groups (grains, jang, vinegars, vegetables, fish, fruits, dairy, alcoholic beverages, sauces, and tea/beverages). Intake (% of total energy) was classified into quartiles. Elevated hs-CRP was defined as ≥1 mg/L. Complex-sample multivariable logistic regression was used to assess age-stratified associations and interactions with total sodium and fermented food-derived sodium (SPSS 29.0; p < 0.05). Results: Fermented food intake decreased with age (p < 0.001). In adults aged 20–39, higher intake was associated with lower odds of elevated hs-CRP (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.699, 95% CI 0.542–0.901; p for trend = 0.002). A similar inverse association was observed in those aged 40–64 (Q4: OR = 0.817, 95% CI 0.691–0.967; p for trend = 0.006), which remained significant after adjustment for fermented food-derived sodium. Among adults ≥65, significant interactions were observed for both fermented food-derived sodium (p = 0.040) and total sodium (p = 0.042), indicating variation across sodium intake levels. Conclusions: The association between fermented food intake and systemic inflammation differs by age. In older adults, this relationship appears to be modified by dietary sodium context, highlighting the importance of age-specific dietary considerations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 2541 KB  
Article
Synthesis, Electron Transport Behavior, and Enhanced Blue Light Stability of Polyfluorene-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Diblock Copolymers
by Ruoyu Jiang, Changchun Liu, Jin Cheng and Kenji Ogino
Micromachines 2026, 17(4), 487; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17040487 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
Poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene) (PFO) suffers from interchain aggregation, which degrades its blue spectral stability and charge transport. To address this, a series of rod-coil diblock copolymers (PFO-b-PMMAs) with varying poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chain lengths were synthesized via Steglich coupling. The non-conjugated [...] Read more.
Poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene) (PFO) suffers from interchain aggregation, which degrades its blue spectral stability and charge transport. To address this, a series of rod-coil diblock copolymers (PFO-b-PMMAs) with varying poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chain lengths were synthesized via Steglich coupling. The non-conjugated PMMA blocks act as bulky steric spacers in the solid state, effectively suppressing detrimental PFO aggregation and enhancing pure blue emission stability. Furthermore, moderate PMMA blocks (PFO-b-PMMA1 and PFO-b-PMMA2) promote favorable β-phase formation and ordered crystalline packing. This microstructural optimization yields a maximum electron mobility of 1.98 × 10−6 cm2/(V·s) for PFO-b-PMMA2, markedly higher than the PFO-2 homopolymer (4.13 × 10−7 cm2/(V·s)). However, an overlong PMMA block (PFO-b-PMMA3) introduces excessive steric hindrance (Tg = 66 °C) that disrupts crystallization, acting as an insulating barrier that reduces mobility. Thus, precisely tuning the non-conjugated block length effectively maximizes both the blue spectral stability and electron transport capabilities of PFO-based materials. Full article
22 pages, 379 KB  
Article
Covariant Fracton Electrodynamics in Six Dimensions
by Nicola Maggiore
Symmetry 2026, 18(4), 669; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18040669 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
We formulate a covariant version of Maxwell-like fracton electrodynamics in six dimensions using a symmetric tensor gauge field with scalar gauge symmetry δAμν=∂μ∂νΛ. This provides a relativistic setting in which the characteristic fractonic [...] Read more.
We formulate a covariant version of Maxwell-like fracton electrodynamics in six dimensions using a symmetric tensor gauge field with scalar gauge symmetry δAμν=∂μ∂νΛ. This provides a relativistic setting in which the characteristic fractonic restriction on mobility follows directly from gauge invariance and the allowed coupling to matter. We construct the stress–energy tensor and show that its trace has a universal dimension-dependent structure that becomes a total derivative in d=6. In the presence of sources, the theory enforces conservation of charge and dipole moment, capturing the immobility of isolated charges and the mobility of dipolar bound states. This structure can also be viewed as a higher-moment form of generalized global symmetry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Generalized Symmetries and Fractons in Gauge Theories)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1540 KB  
Article
Strong Antiproliferative Activity Observed in Hammett-Guided Electronic Modulation of GPx-Mimetic Pathways in Aryl Selenoureas
by Paloma Begines, Clara I. Pérez-Lage, Adrián Puerta, José M. Padrón, Óscar López and José G. Fernández-Bolaños
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(8), 3574; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27083574 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
Organoselenium chemistry has undergone remarkable development over the past five decades, evolving from its initial association with high toxicity into a field with pivotal contributions to materials science, organic synthesis, catalysis, and Medicinal Chemistry. Among the diverse biological activities displayed by organoselenium compounds, [...] Read more.
Organoselenium chemistry has undergone remarkable development over the past five decades, evolving from its initial association with high toxicity into a field with pivotal contributions to materials science, organic synthesis, catalysis, and Medicinal Chemistry. Among the diverse biological activities displayed by organoselenium compounds, their redox behaviour is particularly compelling, as many of these molecules act as efficient mimetics of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In this work, we investigated the GPx-like activity of a series of N,N′-diaryl selenoureas toward the depletion of H2O2 and cumene hydroperoxide (CumOOH) as model ROS. Their reactivity was correlated with the electronic nature of the aryl substituents using a Hammett-type analysis, revealing a strong dependence of the reaction rate on remote electronic perturbations within the aromatic ring. Combined UV and NMR studies provided mechanistic evidence supporting a catalytic cycle in which selenoureas, operating at sub-stoichiometric loadings (1 mol%) and using a thiol as a cofactor-like molecule, can be used to efficiently scavenge ROS with half-lives of only a few minutes (~10–60 min). Furthermore, these selenoureas exhibited potent antiproliferative activity across several human solid tumour cell lines. Overall, these results offer mechanistic insight into the ROS-eliminating pathways of selenoureas and highlight their potential as chemopreventive or anticancer agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: 2nd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 314 KB  
Article
How to Manage? Navigating Team Leadership in ECEC as a Resource
by Ester Catucci, Pernilla Kallberg and Anne Lillvist
Educ. Sci. 2026, 16(4), 640; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16040640 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
Staff retention and functional teamwork are major challenges in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC), where leadership is increasingly viewed as a shared team-level process. This study investigates how team leadership (TL), conceptualised as the functions through which teams meet their needs, is [...] Read more.
Staff retention and functional teamwork are major challenges in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC), where leadership is increasingly viewed as a shared team-level process. This study investigates how team leadership (TL), conceptualised as the functions through which teams meet their needs, is enacted among Swedish ECEC staff and how it supports collaborative work under current policy conditions. Using a revised version of the Team Leadership Taxonomy. 122 ECEC professionals completed a survey with both quantitative items and open-ended responses. The results show patterns of strong strategic alignment, high awareness of pedagogical goals, and robust relational support within teams, but substantial variability in operational clarity, task distribution, problem-solving responsibility, and psychological safety. Participants described challenges linked to shifting team compositions, unequal pedagogical competence, and inconsistent organisational support from principals, which often constrained their ability to enact both positional and distributed leadership. Overall, the findings suggest that ECEC teams possess considerable capacity for collaborative leadership, yet uneven organisational conditions limit the consistency of TL functions. Strengthening role clarity, planning structures, and reflective routines may enhance team functioning and contribute to a more sustainable ECEC workforce. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strengths and Assets of the Early Childhood Workforce)
16 pages, 1720 KB  
Review
Effect of Post-Weld Grinding on the Fatigue Strength of Thin-Walled RHS High-Strength Steel T-Joints Under Different Load Stress Ratios
by Benjamin Laher, Christian Buzzi, Peter Brunnhofer, Martin Leitner and Majid Farajian
Metals 2026, 16(4), 431; https://doi.org/10.3390/met16040431 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
In this work, the focus is laid on the mean stress effect on the fatigue strength of thin-walled rectangular hollow section T-joints made of high-strength steel S960 M x-treme. The specimens are cyclically tested at a stress ratio of R = −1 and [...] Read more.
In this work, the focus is laid on the mean stress effect on the fatigue strength of thin-walled rectangular hollow section T-joints made of high-strength steel S960 M x-treme. The specimens are cyclically tested at a stress ratio of R = −1 and R = 0.1 in both as-welded and ground (weld-profiled) conditions. In the context of nominal stress evaluations, the ground specimens demonstrate a distinct advantage in contrast to the as-welded condition, exhibiting an increase of +33% at R = 0.1 and +16% at R = −1. Based on the experimental results, a corresponding Haigh diagram is evaluated, revealing a notable difference in the mean stress sensitivity, with M1 = 0.58 for the as-welded condition and M1 = 0.39 for the ground condition. Finally, mean stress factors are presented, enabling feasible application in the fatigue design of welded and post-treated structures. The resulting factors are compared with values from the literature for steel applications, showing an increased mean stress influence using high-strength steel as the base material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture and Fatigue of Advanced Metallic Materials)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 343 KB  
Article
Rationalization of the Sacred: The Experiences of Alevi Dedes in Transmitting Their Beliefs and Values to Young People
by Ahmet Özalp and Emre Şimşir
Religions 2026, 17(4), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17040488 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
The main purpose of the current study is to investigate how the beliefs and values of Alevism are transmitted to young people in the city and to examine the problems that arise in the process, drawing on the daily life experiences and perspectives [...] Read more.
The main purpose of the current study is to investigate how the beliefs and values of Alevism are transmitted to young people in the city and to examine the problems that arise in the process, drawing on the daily life experiences and perspectives of Alevi dedes (religious guides). This study primarily examines the difficulties that dedes encounter in transmitting Alevi beliefs and values to young people in urban settings, as well as the innovative methods they develop to address these challenges. The present study used a phenomenological design to answer the research question. Furthermore, the interview technique was preferred to collect research data, and semi-structured interview questions were asked to dedes. Sixteen Alevi dedes residing in Eskişehir, Ankara, Afyon, and Kütahya provinces in Türkiye were selected as the study sample. The findings show that young people’s participation in cem ceremonies declines due to the city’s intense work pace, their desire to pursue education and careers, and their fear of exclusion. Despite these challenges, dedes strive to ease the conditions for participation in cem ceremonies and to shorten their duration, to transmit Alevi beliefs and values to young people, and to increase their participation in cem ceremonies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alevism: History, Religion, and Transformation)
23 pages, 5658 KB  
Article
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Novel Wireless Energy-Transmitting Implantable Diaphragm Pacemaker in Anesthetized Pigs
by Xiaoyu Gu, Wei Zhong, Zhihao Mao, Yan Shi and Yixuan Wang
Bioengineering 2026, 13(4), 469; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13040469 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of a novel wireless energy-transmitting implantable diaphragm pacemaker for restoring respiratory ventilation. Methods: The diaphragm pacing (DP) system was designed based on the principle of electromagnetic resonance coupling. The safety of device implantation was analyzed [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of a novel wireless energy-transmitting implantable diaphragm pacemaker for restoring respiratory ventilation. Methods: The diaphragm pacing (DP) system was designed based on the principle of electromagnetic resonance coupling. The safety of device implantation was analyzed through finite-element simulations of multi-field coupling between electromagnetic heating and biological tissue. In vitro testing with coils embedded in pork demonstrated the system output characteristics. This device was used in miniature Bama pigs that underwent deep anesthesia and respiratory arrest (N = 8). Respiratory airflow, diaphragmatic displacement, and blood gases were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the designed DP system. Results: Thermal effect simulation results show that the temperature rise of the surrounding tissue does not exceed 2 °C during 1 h of transmission power (0.5–1.3 W) operation of the receiver. In vitro tests with two receivers embedded in pork showed that the DP system can effectively output stimulation waveforms over a certain transmission distance (5–35 mm). The stimulation waveform output by the receiver is consistent with the parameters set by the external controller. In phrenic nerve electrical stimulation experiments, the peak respiratory airflow and tidal volume remained stable over 50 consecutive respiratory cycles. The tidal volume (108.63 mL) and diaphragmatic displacement (0.883–2.15 cm) in a pig induced by DP demonstrate the effectiveness of respiratory ventilation. The arterial blood gas analysis results and temperature rise experiment during implantation further confirmed the effectiveness and safety of the ventilation. Conclusions: The implantable diaphragmatic pacemaker developed in this study exhibits good thermal safety, stable output, and effective respiratory ventilation. A control group with commercial diaphragmatic pacemakers and data from chronic implantation experiments are needed to further evaluate its effectiveness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Neural Interface Techniques and Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 1338 KB  
Article
Dimensional Synthesis and Optimization of Leading and Mixed-Leading Double Four-Bar Steering Mechanisms: A Comparative Metaheuristic Approach
by Yaw-Hong Kang and Da-Chen Pang
Machines 2026, 14(4), 445; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14040445 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
This study investigates the dimensional synthesis and optimization of multi-link steering mechanisms—namely, the leading and mixed-leading double four-bar configurations—for front-wheel-drive vehicles. To overcome the accuracy limitations of conventional steering at large angles (up to 70°), a comparative metaheuristic approach is employed, utilizing two [...] Read more.
This study investigates the dimensional synthesis and optimization of multi-link steering mechanisms—namely, the leading and mixed-leading double four-bar configurations—for front-wheel-drive vehicles. To overcome the accuracy limitations of conventional steering at large angles (up to 70°), a comparative metaheuristic approach is employed, utilizing two popular metaheuristic optimizations, Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) and Differential Evolution with golden ratio (DE-gr), to optimize the geometric parameters of these complex eight-bar steering systems. Using a track-to-wheelbase ratio of 0.5, the optimization minimizes a mean-squared structural-error objective function integrated with Grashof mobility constraints. The optimized mechanisms are validated via ADAMS kinematic simulations and further analyzed in MATLAB R2021 regarding steering accuracy, transmission angles, and mechanical advantage. The results reveal a distinct performance trade-off: mixed-leading configurations achieve superior geometric precision and mass reduction due to shorter link lengths, with IPSO yielding the highest accuracy. Conversely, leading-type mechanisms provide a more linear and stable mechanical advantage, ensuring predictable force transmission. While DE-gr exhibits faster convergence across both variants, both algorithms effectively exploit the complex parameter space of multi-link systems. Ultimately, this metaheuristic optimization-based approach offers a superior and robust framework for the dimensional synthesis of high-performance multi-link steering mechanisms, surpassing the constraints of traditional gradient-based methods. Our findings recommend the mixed-leading configuration for precision-focused applications and the leading configuration for scenarios requiring consistent mechanical performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Vehicle Systems: Modeling, Control Optimization and Fault Diagnosis)
16 pages, 586 KB  
Article
Comparative Economic Evaluation of Greenhouse Pepper Cultivation Under Conventional and Organic Management
by Begoña García Castellanos, Pedro Enrique Fuster Villa, José García García and Felipe Egea Clemente
Agriculture 2026, 16(8), 889; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16080889 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
Economic comparison of different production models, focusing on production costs and economic viability–profitability are essential to guide decision-making and enhance the competitiveness and resilience of the agri-food chain. This is the overall objective of the paper: to establish the production and cost structure [...] Read more.
Economic comparison of different production models, focusing on production costs and economic viability–profitability are essential to guide decision-making and enhance the competitiveness and resilience of the agri-food chain. This is the overall objective of the paper: to establish the production and cost structure and to economically evaluate two greenhouse pepper production models. Data on the production process of the production models (organic and conventional greenhouse pepper) and their cost and income structures were collected through 15 on-site surveys conducted with growers and horticultural sector technicians. The initial investment is very high (140,030 €·ha−1) and requires a significant financial effort for implementation, being the same for both conventional and organic cultivation, this means that fixed costs are high in percentage terms, especially when compared to other intensive outdoor horticultural crops. The key cost differences between the two systems are found in fertilisers, plant protection treatments, and biotechnological control and cost structure indicates a higher unit cost for organically produced peppers, 0.60 €·kg−1 for conventional and 0.75 €·kg−1 for organic production. Greenhouse pepper cultivation in southeastern Spain is an economically viable and profitable activity under both conventional and organic management. Profitability indicators consistently show that the conventional system is more profitable at the same farm scale or size. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Farmer Behavior and Sustainable Agricultural Management)
33 pages, 8758 KB  
Article
Unveiling the Spatial Non-Stationarity Between Built Environment and External Relations in Small Towns Using MGWR and Mobile Phone Data: Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta
by Yang Li, Yao Wang, Min Han, Yuli Xia and Yan Ma
Land 2026, 15(4), 659; https://doi.org/10.3390/land15040659 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
The external relations of small towns are an important dimension in the regional urban system. However, the “metropolitan bias” in existing studies results in a lack of empirical verification of their characteristics, hindering effective regional policymaking. Applying Central Flow Theory (CFT), mobile phone [...] Read more.
The external relations of small towns are an important dimension in the regional urban system. However, the “metropolitan bias” in existing studies results in a lack of empirical verification of their characteristics, hindering effective regional policymaking. Applying Central Flow Theory (CFT), mobile phone data, and a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model, this study investigates the spatially non-stationary associations between built environment factors and the “city-ness” and “town-ness” of small towns in the Yangtze River Delta. The results show: (1) Enterprise density in metropolitan shadow areas is positively associated with cross-city jobs–housing separation; in peripheral areas, both enterprise density and housing prices exhibit a strong correlation with intra-municipal jobs–housing separation. (2) Middle schools consistently correlate with localized intra-municipal flows, suggesting a plausible spatial anchoring role; around metropolises, medical and commercial facilities link to recreational flows and commuting town-ness, while in distal small towns, medical facilities coincide with intratown jobs–housing balance, and commercial facilities correlate with localized consumption and cross-town employment mobility. (3) Higher road network density corresponds to a shrinking commuting radius near metropolises and intra-municipal intertown interconnection in distal towns, rather than mere external relation channels. This study empirically supports CFT at the small-town scale, explores plausible mechanisms, and informs differentiated planning strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Big Data in Urban Land Use Planning and Infrastructure Building)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 10975 KB  
Article
Cucumber Robotic Continuous Harvesting: Enhanced YOLOv8n Detection and Dynamic Bézier Curve-Assisted Collision-Free Path Generation
by Chengheng Zhao, Huan Wang, Wenhao Li, Hengyi Zheng, Le Zhou and Mengbo Qian
Agriculture 2026, 16(8), 888; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16080888 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
To address the inefficiency of the long single-fruit grasping cycle in traditional fruit harvesting robots, this study proposes a collision-free continuous harvesting solution for cucumber cultivation scenarios, coupled with a customized robotic system equipped with a continuous harvesting end-effector. In terms of visual [...] Read more.
To address the inefficiency of the long single-fruit grasping cycle in traditional fruit harvesting robots, this study proposes a collision-free continuous harvesting solution for cucumber cultivation scenarios, coupled with a customized robotic system equipped with a continuous harvesting end-effector. In terms of visual perception, the YOLOv8n model is enhanced by integrating the GhostNet lightweight architecture, the Context-Guided Fusion Module (CGFM), and the MPDIoU loss function. Ablation experiments confirm the optimal model configuration, and the optimized model achieves a reduced model size of 5.3 MB and computational load of 6.6 GFLOPs while improving the mean average precision (mAP@50) by 2.5%, which facilitates low-cost deployment. For path planning, an Enhanced Bézier Continuous Picking (EBCP) algorithm is developed by combining 3D Gaussian kernel modeling and cubic Bézier curves to generate collision-free continuous trajectories. Simulation and practical experiments demonstrate that the path length of the proposed continuous picking method is only 31.1% that of the traditional path, with a theoretical collision-free rate of 96.69% and an actual collision-free rate of 92.24%. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system are fully verified, providing a technical reference for the continuous operation of fruit harvesting robots. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Technology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1109 KB  
Article
Automated Segmentation of Digital Artifacts in Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Radiographs
by Ceyda Gizem Topal, Osman Yalçın, Hatice Tetik, Murat Ünal, Necla Bandirmali Erturk and Cemile Özlem Üçok
Diagnostics 2026, 16(8), 1194; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16081194 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Intraoral radiographs acquired using photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plates are inherently susceptible to a wide spectrum of artifacts that can compromise diagnostic reliability and lead to unnecessary repeat exposures. Although structured taxonomies describing these artifacts have been proposed, automated methods capable of [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Intraoral radiographs acquired using photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plates are inherently susceptible to a wide spectrum of artifacts that can compromise diagnostic reliability and lead to unnecessary repeat exposures. Although structured taxonomies describing these artifacts have been proposed, automated methods capable of detecting and localizing multiple artifact types at the pixel level remain limited, particularly under realistic multi-class conditions. In this study, we address the problem of fine-grained, multi-class PSP artifact segmentation by systematically evaluating a deep learning-based framework and establishing a realistic baseline for this inherently challenging task. Methods: A retrospective, multi-center dataset comprising 1497 intraoral PSP radiographs (bitewing and periapical) collected from three institutions was analyzed. Pixel-level annotations were generated by expert oral and maxillofacial radiologists according to a standardized taxonomy consisting of four major artifact groups and 29 artifact classes, together with a background class. A 2D nnU-Net v2 architecture was employed as a baseline segmentation model. Model development was performed using 5-fold cross-validation, and performance was evaluated on an independent test set using Dice coefficient, Intersection over Union (IoU), Precision, and Recall. Results: Across all classes, the model achieved a mean Dice score of 0.0894 ± 0.0084 in cross-validation and 0.0952 on the independent test set, reflecting the intrinsic complexity of the task. Class-wise analysis revealed substantial variability, with higher performance in larger and visually distinctive artifacts, whereas small-scale, low-contrast, and underrepresented classes exhibited markedly reduced performance. Notably, several artifact categories were absent from the training data, resulting in a zero-shot scenario that directly constrained model generalization. Furthermore, segmentation performance demonstrated a strong dependency on class frequency, measured in terms of pixel distribution, underscoring the impact of severe class imbalance. Group-based evaluation showed relatively higher performance for pre-exposure and exposure-related artifacts compared to post-exposure and scanner-related categories. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that large-scale, multi-class pixel-level segmentation of PSP artifacts represents a fundamentally challenging problem shaped by the combined effects of class imbalance, small object size, heterogeneous artifact morphology, and incomplete training representation. While the proposed framework confirms the feasibility of automated artifact localization, its current performance suggests greater immediate value as a quality control or screening support tool rather than a fully autonomous diagnostic system. By providing a comprehensive baseline and systematic analysis, this study establishes a benchmark for future research and highlights the critical need for imbalance-aware learning strategies, hierarchical modeling, and data-centric approaches to advance this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Health Monitoring and Diagnosis: AI Meets Conventional Models—2nd Edition)
7 pages, 6115 KB  
Interesting Images
“The Road Less Traveled”: Endovascular Embolization of a Type II Endoleak via Corona Mortis
by Nicolò Rossini, Laura Maria Cacioppa, Alessandro Felicioli, Luca Felici, Vincenzo Vento, Marzia Rosati, Pietro Boscarato, Roberto Candelari and Chiara Floridi
Diagnostics 2026, 16(8), 1195; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16081195 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026
Abstract
Type 2 endoleaks (EL2s) are potentially life-threatening complications, defined as persistent arterial perfusion of the excluded aneurysmal sac after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Most EL2s are managed endovascularly, through embolization of the aneurysmal sac and its arterial feeders. During embolization, attention should be [...] Read more.
Type 2 endoleaks (EL2s) are potentially life-threatening complications, defined as persistent arterial perfusion of the excluded aneurysmal sac after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Most EL2s are managed endovascularly, through embolization of the aneurysmal sac and its arterial feeders. During embolization, attention should be given to anatomical variants such as “corona mortis”, an arterial anastomosis connecting external iliac (via inferior epigastric) and internal iliac (via obturator) arteries. We present the case of an 88-year-old male previously treated with EVAR for a left common iliac artery aneurysm (CIAA), complicated by EL2 originating from the ipsilateral ilio-lumbar branch of the internal iliac artery. Successful embolization of the endoleak was achieved through catheterization of the inferior epigastric artery, taking advantage of the “corona mortis” variant. This route allowed access to the sac and embolization with ethylene-vinyl-alcohol-copolymer. This approach represents a safe alternative to direct sac puncture or superior gluteal artery access in patients exhibiting this anatomical variant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Imaging and Theranostics)
More Articles...

Open Access Journals

► Browse by Indexing ► Browse by Subject ► Selected Journals
Explore All Journals...

Highly Accessed Articles

Latest Books

More Books and Reprints...

News

15 April 2026
MDPI Serves as Platinum Sponsor of the STM US Annual Conference 2026
9 April 2026
World Quantum Day, 14 April 2026
2 April 2026
2026 Tu Youyou Award—Open for Nominations
More News & Announcements...

Blog Posts

More From Our Blog...

Topics

More Topics...
loading...

Selected Special Issues

Selected Collections

Back to TopTop