MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

18 pages, 3947 KB

Open AccessArticle

An Intelligent Method for Ice Thickness Identification Using Drone-Borne Ground-Penetrating Radar

by Ruige Shi, Zhenjun Zhu, Zizhao Lu, Jiangyang Pan, Xu Meng, Hai Liu, Zongming Yang, Di Cui, Weizheng Kong and Yingxin Shang

Remote Sens. 2026, 18(18), 3087; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18183087 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-borne Ground-Penetrating Radar (UAV-GPR) has been used for ice thickness monitoring in lakes and rivers due to its non-contact measurement, high resolution, and operational flexibility. Existing algorithms can extract ice layer boundaries by tracking continuous bottom reflections in GPR images. However, [...] Read more.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-borne Ground-Penetrating Radar (UAV-GPR) has been used for ice thickness monitoring in lakes and rivers due to its non-contact measurement, high resolution, and operational flexibility. Existing algorithms can extract ice layer boundaries by tracking continuous bottom reflections in GPR images. However, they fail when the radar signal lacks a clear bottom reflection—a common condition in ice layers containing unfrozen water—and manual interpretation remains time-consuming. To address this limitation, this paper builds a freshwater ice GPR dataset covering both fully frozen and unfrozen water-bearing zones, and proposes a method for ice thickness identification based on the DeepLabv3+ neural network. The model performs pixel-level binary classification, labeling each pixel as ice layer or background, and generates a segmentation mask that constrains the subsequent thickness calculation to valid ice regions only. Field validation against drilling measurements demonstrates that the model achieves Intersection over Union (IoU) of 97.12% and an F1-score of 98.54% for ice layer identification, with a relative error in ice thickness measurement below 3% based on five borehole measurements. Field tests in two reservoirs across Tibet and Jilin, China, demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately characterize the distribution and thickness of the ice layer while effectively eliminating the interference of unfrozen water zones. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can provide automated, accurate ice thickness estimates for UAV-GPR surveys of freshwater ice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of River and Lake Ice/Water Using Spaceborne, Airborne, and Ground Platforms)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 3880 KB

Open AccessArticle

Axis-Constrained Fine Registration for Industrial Inspection Using a Closed-Form Quaternion Solver

by Daniel Mejia-Parra, Andres F. Puentes-Atencio, Jairo R. Sanchez and Oscar Ruiz-Salguero

Eng 2026, 7(9), 465; https://doi.org/10.3390/eng7090465 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Industrial dimensional inspection relies on accurate registration between scanned point clouds and nominal CAD models to evaluate geometric deviations with respect to engineering datums. Conventional fine registration methods, such as the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm, minimize global alignment error but may modify [...] Read more.

Industrial dimensional inspection relies on accurate registration between scanned point clouds and nominal CAD models to evaluate geometric deviations with respect to engineering datums. Conventional fine registration methods, such as the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm, minimize global alignment error but may modify datum features that should remain fixed during inspection, leading to misleading defect localization and dimensional measurements. This work presents a constrained fine-registration method that preserves prescribed geometric constraints while aligning measured point clouds to their reference geometry. The constrained alignment is obtained through a closed-form quaternion formulation, replacing the iterative optimization typically required for constrained rigid alignment within the ICP framework. Experimental results show that the proposed method preserves the inspection reference frame while localizing geometric deviations to defective regions. The resulting formulation provides an efficient registration procedure for precision dimensional inspection. Future work includes extending the range of supported constraints and reducing sensitivity to initialization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Insights in Engineering Research 2026)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 6693 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Amorphous TiO₂ Nanoparticles on the Crystalline Structure and Functional Properties of P(VDF-TFE) Nanocomposites

by Andrey A. Vodyashkin, Evgenia L. Buryanskaya, Polina M. Tyubaeva, Dmitriy S. Ryzhenko and Mstislav O. Makeev

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(18), 8018; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27188018 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

In this study, a method for introducing titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs) into the polymer matrix of a ferroelectric copolymer of vinylidene fluoride with tetrafluoroethylene P(VDF-TFE) is proposed and optimized. A comprehensive analysis showed that TiO₂NPs content has a significant [...] Read more.

In this study, a method for introducing titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs) into the polymer matrix of a ferroelectric copolymer of vinylidene fluoride with tetrafluoroethylene P(VDF-TFE) is proposed and optimized. A comprehensive analysis showed that TiO₂NPs content has a significant effect on the structure formation processes in the polymer matrix, the degree of crystallinity, phase composition, and surface morphology of the composites. By optimizing the amount of doped nanoparticles, it is possible to increase the electrical strength and permittivity of the material, as well as enhance the piezoelectric response compared to a film without TiO₂NPs. The introduction of TiO₂NPs into the P(VDF/TFE) polymer matrix promotes efficient polarization of the composite film without preliminary high-temperature orientational drawing. The approaches presented in this study can simplify process operations in the manufacture of flexible sensors, wearable electronics, and other devices that require a combination of piezoelectric activity and high electrical strength. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Advanced Polymer Materials)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 3279 KB

Open AccessArticle

Flap Optimization Using VISUMAX 800 Femtosecond Laser for Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis

by Abdullah Virk, Sanjana Molleti, Hanna Pawlowski, Randle M. Uyeda, Jason D. H. Chung, Phillip C. Hoopes and Majid Moshirfar

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(18), 6980; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15186980 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Background: Opaque bubble layers (OBLs) are a common intraoperative complication during flap creation in femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK (FS-LASIK). This study aims to evaluate how cone and flap sizes can be optimized to minimize OBL risk in VISUMAX 800 FS-LASIK. Methods: This was a [...] Read more.

Background: Opaque bubble layers (OBLs) are a common intraoperative complication during flap creation in femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK (FS-LASIK). This study aims to evaluate how cone and flap sizes can be optimized to minimize OBL risk in VISUMAX 800 FS-LASIK. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent LASIK with the VISUMAX 800. Eyes were grouped by cone size and laser settings into S cone/M settings and M cone/L settings, in addition to OBL status (OBL vs. non-OBL). Generalized estimating equations were used to account for inter-eye correlation. Flap–cone edge gap was quantified from intraoperative images using FIJI (version 2.17.0, ImageJ). Results: OBL developed in 17 of 226 eyes (7.5%). The majority of OBLs (15/17) occurred in the M cone with L setting group. Eyes that developed OBLs had larger WTWs (p < 0.001) and larger mean flap diameters (p < 0.001). Among eyes with M cones and L settings, image analysis revealed that the average gap between flap and cone edge was significantly larger in the OBL group (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Our findings support the use of VISUMAX 800 in FS-LASIK and suggest that OBL formation may be associated with the distance between flap and cone edges, with larger average flap–cone gaps observed in eyes that developed OBL. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ophthalmology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 14097 KB

Open AccessArticle

Risk Assessment of Rainfall-Induced Debris Flow Based on HEC-RAS and GIS Technologies

by Hao Lu, Qi Zhang, Qi Wan, Dongliang Huang, Peijie Yin and Zhiheng Zhu

Water 2026, 18(18), 2238; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18182238 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

This paper investigates hazard assessment and mitigation measures for rainfall-induced debris flow at a highway tunnel portal in Guangdong, China. The tunnel is situated at the outlet of a steep gully with a channel length of 2.38 km, an elevation difference of 682 [...] Read more.

This paper investigates hazard assessment and mitigation measures for rainfall-induced debris flow at a highway tunnel portal in Guangdong, China. The tunnel is situated at the outlet of a steep gully with a channel length of 2.38 km, an elevation difference of 682 m, and a gradient of 23.4%. Under extreme rainfall conditions, the portal faces severe risks of scouring and inundation that threaten the structural safety and operational stability of the highway. A high-resolution digital elevation model was established via UAV oblique photogrammetry, and debris flow processes were simulated using HEC-RAS 6.4. The hydrologic behavior under 20-year, 50-year, and 100-year recurrence intervals is first investigated in the research area. After that, the Bingham flow model is used for the debris flow simulation. Results show that as the return period increases from 20 to 100 years, the maximum flow depth at the tunnel portal rises from 1.92 to 2.21 m and the maximum flow velocity rises from 5.8 to 7.8 m/s, indicating that flow velocity is more sensitive to rainfall intensity than flow depth. These simulated flow depths far exceed the 0.5 m flood level stipulated in the Chinese highway tunnel design code, indicating a serious threat to tunnel safety. Based on a quantitative comparison between single-dam and multi-dam schemes, a multi-dam combination with different heights at four positions along the gully is proposed for segmented interception. This multi-dam scheme successfully reduces the flow depth at the tunnel portal to zero without requiring any individual dam to exceed 10 m in height, demonstrating a favorable balance between engineering feasibility and disaster mitigation effectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrologically Induced Landslides: Mechanisms and Risk Assessment)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 1926 KB

Open AccessArticle

Main Agroecological Structure and Landscape Context Shape Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services During Agroecological Transition in Mediterranean Chile

by Angel Salazar-Rojas, Joaquín Sepúlveda, Ricardo Castro-Huerta and Miguel A. Altieri

Land 2026, 15(9), 1671; https://doi.org/10.3390/land15091671 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Farm-level ecological organization may influence insect biodiversity, although these relationships can vary among regional settings and may not be captured fully by an aggregated agroecological index. We evaluated associations between the Main Agroecological Structure (MAS), insect biodiversity, community composition, and functional groups associated [...] Read more.

Farm-level ecological organization may influence insect biodiversity, although these relationships can vary among regional settings and may not be captured fully by an aggregated agroecological index. We evaluated associations between the Main Agroecological Structure (MAS), insect biodiversity, community composition, and functional groups associated with potential pollination and biological control across 30 smallholder farms in the Maule Region of Mediterranean Chile. The farms were distributed among Cauquenes, Rauco, and San Clemente, and their immediate surroundings were characterized within 500 m. A total of 3926 individuals representing 144 taxonomic units were collected using standardized yellow pan traps. MAS varied widely among farms (31.8–79.4) but did not differ among municipalities. After accounting for municipality, MAS was not associated with Hill diversity of orders q = 0, q = 1, or q = 2, and no MAS × municipality interaction was detected for these responses. Insect community composition differed among municipalities, although this result was accompanied by heterogeneous multivariate dispersion, whereas the within-municipality association between MAS and community composition was not significant. Pollinator richness and abundance were not associated with MAS. Natural-enemy richness showed a MAS × municipality interaction, with positive associations in Cauquenes and San Clemente but not in Rauco. Natural-enemy abundance increased with MAS, although residual spatial autocorrelation remained after spatial sensitivity analysis. These results indicate that MAS is useful for characterizing farm agroecological organization but was not a general predictor of insect biodiversity. Regional setting, individual MAS components, and the immediate surroundings of each farm should therefore be distinguished when evaluating biodiversity and ecosystem-service potential. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Landscapes Across the Mediterranean)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 8370 KB

Open AccessArticle

Food Safety Training Exposure and Safety-Based Belongingness Among Blue-Collar Workers: Evidence from a Single Turkish Flour-Manufacturing Company

by Abdullah Eriş

Sustainability 2026, 18(18), 9261; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18189261 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

The global food industry faces the dual challenge of ensuring product safety while supporting socially sustainable working environments. Although mandatory food safety training is usually examined as a compliance-oriented practice, less is known about whether training exposure is associated with employees’ sense of [...] Read more.

The global food industry faces the dual challenge of ensuring product safety while supporting socially sustainable working environments. Although mandatory food safety training is usually examined as a compliance-oriented practice, less is known about whether training exposure is associated with employees’ sense of belonging in food production workplaces. Drawing on Signaling Theory, this cross-sectional single-company study examined the association between food safety training exposure and Safety-Based Belongingness among 608 blue-collar employees working in a Turkish flour-manufacturing company. Multiple regression and ANCOVA were used to examine the association between training exposure and a preliminary Safety-Based Belongingness composite measure, controlling for gender, age, education level, and work experience. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the proposed one-factor structure of the preliminary composite measure, and internal consistency was high. The results indicated that self-reported training exposure was positively associated with the preliminary Safety-Based Belongingness composite measure. Analyses showed that the largest difference was observed between employees reporting 0 h/no periodic training and those reporting any positive periodic training exposure. Among employees with positive periodic training exposure, additional training hours were not significantly associated with belongingness scores. Sensitivity analyses excluding food-safety-specific items showed that the association remained positive and statistically significant; however, the findings should be interpreted as preliminary associations rather than causal effects because of the cross-sectional design, single-company convenience sample, and possible measurement overlap. The study contributes to the literature by examining mandatory food safety training as a possible relational signal in a labor-intensive food manufacturing context and by offering preliminary evidence on the relevance of safety-based belongingness to the social dimension of workplace sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Food)

► Show Figures

Figure A1

46 pages, 1792 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Iron Deficiency and Human Brain Electrophysiology Across the Lifespan: A Systematic and Mechanistic Review of Resting EEG, Event-Related Potentials, and Treatment Responsiveness

by James Chmiel, Jolanta Góral-Półrola, Patrycja Leśnicka and Marta Kopańska

Nutrients 2026, 18(18), 2955; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18182955 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Introduction: Iron is essential for cerebral energy metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, myelination, and neural development. Iron deficiency may therefore impair brain function even before overt anemia develops. This systematic and mechanistic review synthesized EEG findings associated with iron deficiency across the lifespan and evaluated [...] Read more.

Introduction: Iron is essential for cerebral energy metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, myelination, and neural development. Iron deficiency may therefore impair brain function even before overt anemia develops. This systematic and mechanistic review synthesized EEG findings associated with iron deficiency across the lifespan and evaluated electrophysiological changes following iron treatment. Materials and Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to July 2026. Human studies examining iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anemia using EEG, quantitative EEG, task-related oscillations, event-related potentials, or cortical-evoked potentials formed the core evidence base. Two additional studies of chronic kidney disease-related or mixed-etiology anemia were retained as contextual evidence to help distinguish iron-specific electrophysiological effects from abnormalities associated more generally with anemia severity and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 and ROBINS-I. Because of substantial heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively. Results: Thirty reports were retained for narrative synthesis, covering participants from the neonatal period to adulthood. Twenty-eight formed the core iron-specific evidence base, whereas two were analyzed separately as contextual anemia evidence. Iron deficiency was commonly associated with increased slow-wave activity, reduced alpha activity, delayed sensory and cognitive processing, prolonged P300 and N2 latencies, altered frontal alpha asymmetry, and impaired differentiation between relevant and irrelevant stimuli. Reductions in P300 amplitude were less consistent but were observed in severe anemia, demanding cognitive tasks, and after infantile iron-deficiency anemia. Iron supplementation improved several spectral and ERP outcomes, although recovery was variable and some abnormalities persisted after hematological correction. Interpretation was limited by heterogeneous diagnostic criteria, small samples, inconsistent EEG methods, residual confounding, variable risk of bias, and the partial non-independence of reports arising from overlapping longitudinal cohorts or parent trials. Findings from the contextual anemia studies were not interpreted as direct evidence of an effect of iron deficiency. Conclusions: Iron deficiency may disrupt the timing, synchronization, and maturation of neural activity through impaired energy metabolism, neurotransmission, myelination, and synaptic development. EEG may be useful for detecting functional brain alterations and monitoring treatment response, but no specific electrophysiological biomarker can currently be established. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Stress, and Psychological Well-Being Across the Lifespan)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 290 KB

Open AccessArticle

Beyond the Binary Code: African Ritual Epistemologies and the Design of Artificial Intelligence That Serves Women and Girls

by Vathiswa Papu-Zamxaka and Dorcas Khosa

Genealogy 2026, 10(4), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy10040132 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Artificial intelligence is being adopted across African public administration; health; education and finance; and the systems concerned act on a recorded or inferred gender value before they deliver anything at all. The problem this article addresses is that the categories operating in digital [...] Read more.

Artificial intelligence is being adopted across African public administration; health; education and finance; and the systems concerned act on a recorded or inferred gender value before they deliver anything at all. The problem this article addresses is that the categories operating in digital identity registers; automated facial analysis; biometric enrolment for social grants and language technologies are binary; anatomically grounded and administratively fixed; and that this specification reached the continent as a colonial import rather than as a description of how gendered standing is actually held. The article traces the descent of that binary; recovers from one southern African site a documented account of how gendered personhood is conferred and revised; and converts that account into design requirements. The design is conceptual and genealogical, reading three corpora against one another: the ethnographic record of the Balobedu of Bolobedu in Limpopo, South Africa; principally the Krige corpus and later commentary upon it; the technical and audit literature on gender classification; and South African identification law. Yoruba and Igbo scholarship is retained for comparison. Standing at the site is shown to be conferred through office; seniority; cattle and marriage rather than read from the body; so that a woman may hold the position of husband and a queenship may pass through a line of women. Systems in current use represent none of the properties by which such standing is held; and the article specifies thirteen changes to datasets; taxonomies; interfaces and procurement through which they could do so. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Gender Roles and Identities in African Rituals and Culture)

25 pages, 1511 KB

Open AccessArticle

HS-GC/MS-Based Targeted Blood VOC Panel for Canine Cancer Screening Using an Integrated Classification Framework in Retrospective Korea and Thailand Cohorts

by Kyung-Geun Ahn, Jin-Wook Chris Kim, Soon Chul Gwak, Eunkyung Oh, Seyeon Lee, Jedsada Siripoonsub, Sirintra Sirivisoot, Patharakrit Teewasutrakul, Somporn Techangamsuwan, Suparat Chaipipat, Kannika Siripattarapravat, Manakorn Sukmak, Anudep Rungsipipat, Giup Jang and Geon A Kim

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(18), 8016; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27188016 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Canine cancer screening has an important limitation in that organ-specific screening strategies used in human medicine cannot be directly applied across routine veterinary clinical practice. Blood-based volatile organic compound (VOC) profiling may provide a practical approach for pan-cancer screening; however, its application in [...] Read more.

Canine cancer screening has an important limitation in that organ-specific screening strategies used in human medicine cannot be directly applied across routine veterinary clinical practice. Blood-based volatile organic compound (VOC) profiling may provide a practical approach for pan-cancer screening; however, its application in multicenter and multinational settings requires evaluation that accounts for cohort heterogeneity and analytical variability. In this study, we evaluated the canine cancer screening performance of an integrated classification framework using a headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS)-based targeted blood VOC panel in a retrospective multicohort dataset comprising dogs recruited in Korea and Thailand. Whole-blood samples from 590 dogs recruited in Korea and Thailand were analyzed, including 167 dogs in the malignant tumor group and 423 dogs in the non-cancer control group. The predefined targeted VOC panel consisted of aromatic compounds and straight-chain alkanes and was analyzed using HS-GC/MS. The Korea and Thailand cohorts were incorporated into a single integrated classification framework rather than being separated into country-specific models. To evaluate performance variability associated with data partitioning, cohort-aware stratified training–validation splitting was repeated 30 times within the integrated retrospective cohort, with both national cohorts represented in the training and validation sets in each repeat. Class imbalance correction was applied only to the training data, and validation performance was assessed using both threshold-dependent and threshold-independent metrics. Across the 30 repeated validations, the integrated framework achieved an AUROC of 0.926 ± 0.019 and an AUPRC of 0.894 ± 0.023. Balanced accuracy, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, MCC, and Cohen’s κ were 0.858 ± 0.024, 0.895 ± 0.018, 0.772 ± 0.048, 0.943 ± 0.022, 0.805 ± 0.033, 0.736 ± 0.046, and 0.734 ± 0.045, respectively. In the sample-level prediction score analysis, the median predicted cancer probabilities for cancer and non-cancer samples were 0.954 and 0.041, respectively, indicating clear probability-based separation between the two groups. In the cohort-specific analysis, the discrimination signal was maintained in both the Korea and Thailand cohorts, although threshold-dependent performance differed between the two cohorts. These findings indicate that an HS-GC/MS-based targeted blood VOC panel provided a consistent cancer-associated classification signal under repeated internal validation within the specific integrated retrospective dataset evaluated in this study. The results demonstrate the feasibility of evaluating a common classification framework across the Korea and Thailand cohorts without constructing separate country-specific models, while not establishing independent external generalizability or platform-independent robustness. Because the Korea and Thailand cohorts were completely confounded with the Agilent and Thermo Fisher analytical platforms, respectively, the independent contributions of cohort characteristics and analytical platform cannot be determined from the present data. Further independent prospective validation in newly recruited populations and institutions, together with disease-control evaluation including clinically relevant controls, cohort-specific calibration, evaluation across analytical platforms, and assessment of clinical utility within real-world workflows, is required before the external generalizability and clinical applicability of the framework can be determined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights in Metabolomics: Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Applications in Cancer Research)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 3803 KB

Open AccessArticle

Adsorption of Erythrosine Red onto Silica Synthesized with Ora-Pro-Nobis as a Natural Porogenic Template: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Evaluation

by Brenda G. Branchi, Cecília S. Fonseca, Clarissa Rosa, Bernardo Souza, Murilo C. Silveira, Maurício Z. F. Arlindo, Luiz H. Han, Cristiane dos Santos, João H. Z. Santos, Gilber R. Rosa, Débora P. Jaeschke, Luiz A. A. Pinto, Tito R. S. Cadaval Jr. and Nauro da Silveira Jr.

Water 2026, 18(18), 2239; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18182239 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

In this study, a silica-based adsorbent was synthesized via a two-step sol–gel route. A branch of ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller) was used as a porogenic template. The biomass was incorporated into the silica matrix and subsequently removed by calcination. The resulting material [...] Read more.

In this study, a silica-based adsorbent was synthesized via a two-step sol–gel route. A branch of ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller) was used as a porogenic template. The biomass was incorporated into the silica matrix and subsequently removed by calcination. The resulting material was characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and its performance for erythrosine red adsorption from aqueous solution was evaluated. The incorporation of the biotemplate modified the pore structure of the silica, decreasing the BET specific surface area from 297.33 to 249.10 m² g⁻¹ while increasing the average BJH pore diameter from 2.26 to 3.66 nm. Adsorption was favored at pH 6 and rapidly approached equilibrium within approximately 5–7 min. The equilibrium data were satisfactorily described by the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 108.81 mg g⁻¹ at 25 °C. Adsorption capacity decreased with increasing temperature, and thermodynamic analysis indicated a spontaneous and exothermic process (ΔH° = −8.07 kJ mol⁻¹). Overall, ora-pro-nóbis biomass acted as a renewable porogenic biotemplate, modifying the pore architecture of silica. The resulting TSOPN material exhibited competitive adsorption performance for erythrosine removal. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Wastewater Treatment and Reuse)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 9138 KB

Open AccessArticle

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Motuo Citron Essential Oil on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

by Keyun Pan, Feng Liu, Hao Zheng, Jianwen Zhang, Liang Li, Senbiao Shu and Zhendong Liu

Foods 2026, 15(18), 3187; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15183187 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

This study investigated the antibacterial activity and underlying mechanisms of essential oil extracted from Motuo citron against representative foodborne pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The essential oil was obtained by steam distillation, and its chemical composition was analyzed by GC–MS. [...] Read more.

This study investigated the antibacterial activity and underlying mechanisms of essential oil extracted from Motuo citron against representative foodborne pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The essential oil was obtained by steam distillation, and its chemical composition was analyzed by GC–MS. Limonene, γ-terpinene, and 3-carene were the predominant monoterpenes and may contribute substantially to the antibacterial activity. The Oxford cup assay confirmed strain-specific antibacterial effects. The essential oil showed stronger activity against S. aureus, with an inhibition zone of 22.29 ± 0.82 mm, a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.75 μL/mL, and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 7.5 μL/mL. In contrast, its activity against E. coli was weaker, with an inhibition zone of 11.85 ± 0.49 mm, an MIC of 7.5 μL/mL, and an MBC of 15 μL/mL. Mechanistic analyses showed that the essential oil significantly reduced bacterial ATP levels and inhibited key enzymes involved in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, thereby impairing energy metabolism. It also disrupted bacterial cell wall and membrane integrity, resulting in cell rupture and cytoplasmic leakage. In addition, the essential oil disturbed core metabolic pathways, including amino acid biosynthesis, lysine biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism, causing severe metabolic imbalance in a dose-dependent manner. Motuo citron essential oil exerts antibacterial effects through the combined disruption of cell membranes, inhibition of energy metabolism, and interference with amino acid metabolism. As a natural plant-derived antibacterial agent, it shows potential for development as a food preservative and pharmaceutical antimicrobial. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Food Microbiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 24388 KB

Open AccessArticle

Fluorapatite from Pegmatites of the Oxford Pegmatite Field, Maine—Chemistry, Color and Morphology

by Alexander U. Falster, William B. Simmons, Karen L. Webber and Encarnación Roda-Robles

Minerals 2026, 16(9), 925; https://doi.org/10.3390/min16090925 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Apatite is widespread in pegmatites in the Oxford Pegmatite Field and is dominantly fluorapatite. Hydroxylapatite does occur but is rare. Carbonate-rich fluorapatite occurs as a partial replacement of beryllonite. True chlorapatite does not occur, but some fluorapatites contain a small amount of chloride. [...] Read more.

Apatite is widespread in pegmatites in the Oxford Pegmatite Field and is dominantly fluorapatite. Hydroxylapatite does occur but is rare. Carbonate-rich fluorapatite occurs as a partial replacement of beryllonite. True chlorapatite does not occur, but some fluorapatites contain a small amount of chloride. Apatite occurs throughout the pegmatites, both in the massive pegmatite as grains and as well-formed crystals in primary and secondary miarolitic cavities and in small interstitial voids. A correlation between color, crystal forms and composition, mainly with respect to Mn and Fe, has been observed. We focused on apatite in miarolitic cavities in these pegmatites and, notably, the well-studied Emmons pegmatite. The goal of the study was to demonstrate that a relationship exists among composition, color and morphology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geochemistry, Petrogenesis and Exploration of Li-Rich Granite-Pegmatite Systems)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 2734 KB

Open AccessArticle

Selection Signatures from RAD-Seq Reveal Candidate Genomic Regions Potentially Underlying Immune and Adaptive Traits in Southwest Chinese Local Chickens

by Mengyu Wang, Mingyang Zou, Chenghao Zhou and Wei Han

Animals 2026, 16(18), 2836; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16182836 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Southwestern local chicken breeds in China have long been recognized for their strong adaptability and disease resistance, shaped by unique selective pressures during domestication. In this study, we combined Fst and π ratio analyses to detect selection signatures from RAD-seq data of four [...] Read more.

Southwestern local chicken breeds in China have long been recognized for their strong adaptability and disease resistance, shaped by unique selective pressures during domestication. In this study, we combined Fst and π ratio analyses to detect selection signatures from RAD-seq data of four southwestern local breeds, Red Junglefowl, and 17 other Chinese local breeds. We identified 460 candidate genes under strong selection potentially associated with domestication, affecting behaviors, physiology, reproduction, immunity, and adaptability. Importantly, 34 genes showed strong and unique selection signals when comparing southwestern breeds with other local breeds. Among these, CCR6, CD40LG, and CSF3R represent candidate genes that have been previously associated with immune processes, while MAPK10, FGFR4, and STAT3 represent candidate genes potentially related to disease resistance. Furthermore, HTR1B, HSPB9, and RYR2 represent candidate genes potentially associated with environmental adaptability. Notably, ALX1, the only gene detected across all comparison groups, may reflect morphological adaptation related to feeding efficiency. Our findings provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of unique adaptations in southwestern local chicken breeds and highlight potential targets for breeding and conservation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Poultry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 3131 KB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Energy-Dissipation Constraint Systems for Sea-Crossing Extra-Long-Span Multi-Pylon Cable-Stayed Bridges

by Yuanyin Song, Zhilin Chen, Deyun Liu, Yaoyu Zhu, Wen-Wei Wang, Yiyan Dai and Rong Lv

Buildings 2026, 16(18), 3589; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16183589 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Cable-stayed bridges are widely used due to their exceptional spanning capacity. This paper takes the extra-long-span multi-pylon cable-stayed bridge of the Huangmaohai Crossing Project as the engineering background, systematically investigating the rational configuration of its energy-dissipation constraint system. Firstly, the longitudinal constraint scheme [...] Read more.

Cable-stayed bridges are widely used due to their exceptional spanning capacity. This paper takes the extra-long-span multi-pylon cable-stayed bridge of the Huangmaohai Crossing Project as the engineering background, systematically investigating the rational configuration of its energy-dissipation constraint system. Firstly, the longitudinal constraint scheme employing elastic restraints at the central pylon and viscous dampers at the side pylons is analyzed. Studies demonstrate that this system can significantly reduce the bending moment at the base of the central pylon by up to 42% compared to the fixed connection scheme at the central pylon, while effectively controlling girder end displacements. Secondly, the responses of four transverse restraint systems under seismic action are compared, leading to the selection of a transverse seismic isolation system utilizing friction-pendulum bearings and energy-dissipating anti-wind bearings. The selected system provides a more balanced compromise between displacement control and internal-force reduction by redistributing transverse seismic demand among the girder, pylons, and piers. The research outcomes provide a system-level design reference for the restraint and energy-dissipation configuration of similar extra-long-span multi-pylon cable-stayed bridges. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Smart Civil Engineering: Durability, Seismic Resilience, Construction, and Composite Repair Technologies—2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 5072 KB

Open AccessArticle

Freeze–Thaw Effects on Baffle Friction in Ice–Rock Avalanche Mitigation: Experiments and Numerical Simulations

by Jianjun Liang, Shijie Luo and Kaiyue Zhu

Water 2026, 18(18), 2237; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18182237 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Rock–ice avalanches and repeated freeze–thaw cycles pose coupled challenges to baffle-type mitigation structures in high-altitude cold regions. This study used controlled small-scale pull-out tests to quantify changes in baffle–soil friction over 0–30 freeze–thaw cycles and then calibrated a discrete element method (DEM) model [...] Read more.

Rock–ice avalanches and repeated freeze–thaw cycles pose coupled challenges to baffle-type mitigation structures in high-altitude cold regions. This study used controlled small-scale pull-out tests to quantify changes in baffle–soil friction over 0–30 freeze–thaw cycles and then calibrated a discrete element method (DEM) model to the terminal 30-cycle condition to evaluate baffle geometry, particle size, interparticle cohesion, and pull-out velocity. Moisture redistribution approached equilibrium after approximately 7–10 cycles, whereas the friction response stabilized only after approximately 16 cycles, indicating that hydraulic stabilization preceded mechanical and interfacial stabilization. The friction coefficient decreased from 0.83 before cycling to 0.48 after 30 cycles, corresponding to an attenuation of 42.17%, and the friction force decreased from 130 to 75 N. The decay showed three stages: limited change over 0–3 cycles, accelerated degradation over 3–16 cycles, and a near-plateau thereafter. The DEM results indicate that lateral prop-root projections can increase pull-out resistance by enlarging the mobilized soil volume and enhancing mechanical interlocking; the response also depends nonlinearly on particle size and cohesion. The proposed baffle is therefore presented as a preliminary structural concept rather than a field-ready design. Because the experiments were not performed under complete geometric, kinematic, or dynamic similitude and the DEM calibration represents only one post-freeze–thaw state, the numerical values should be interpreted as laboratory-scale comparative results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Hydrological Modeling for Extreme Events: Floods, Droughts, and Risk Assessment)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 705 KB

Open AccessArticle

Serum Redox Biomarkers in Canine Mast Cell Tumors: Exploratory Associations with Proliferative Activity and Clinicopathological Features

by Argyrios Ginoudis, Dimitra Pardali, Mathios E. Mylonakis, Serafeim Chaintoutis, Dimitris Galiatsatos, Angelos-Lauris Thomas and Zoe Polizopoulou

Antioxidants 2026, 15(9), 1142; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15091142 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Canine mast cell tumors (MCTs) exhibit heterogeneous biological behavior and provide a clinically relevant setting in which relationships between tumor phenotype and systemic redox homeostasis can be investigated. This exploratory prospective cohort study evaluated complementary circulating redox-related biomarkers representing hydroperoxide-derived oxidant products, antioxidant [...] Read more.

Canine mast cell tumors (MCTs) exhibit heterogeneous biological behavior and provide a clinically relevant setting in which relationships between tumor phenotype and systemic redox homeostasis can be investigated. This exploratory prospective cohort study evaluated complementary circulating redox-related biomarkers representing hydroperoxide-derived oxidant products, antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation-related products, and oxidative DNA damage, and examined their associations with clinicopathological features of canine MCTs. Sixty-seven dogs with cytologically and histologically confirmed cutaneous or subcutaneous MCTs were included. Clinical staging was performed using cytological evaluation of lymph nodes, liver and spleen, and excised tumors were classified according to the Patnaik and Kiupel systems. Proliferative activity was assessed using Ki-67, and surgically excised lymph nodes were classified according to the Weishaar HN system. Serum reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and antioxidant capacity using the OXY-adsorbent test were measured before therapeutic intervention. In the unadjusted analysis, serum MDA concentrations were higher in dogs with Ki-67 >23 than in dogs with Ki-67 ≤23 (median 10.8 vs. 7.0 μmol/L; raw p = 0.0254); however, this comparison did not remain statistically significant after Bonferroni correction for the 12 formal inferential biomarker × clinicopathological comparisons (adjusted p = 0.3052). The estimated Hodges–Lehmann location shift was +3.00 μmol/L (unadjusted bootstrap 95% CI, 0.58–6.00). No evaluated biomarker–clinicopathological association remained statistically significant after multiplicity adjustment. The observed MDA–Ki-67 pattern should therefore be regarded as exploratory and hypothesis-generating rather than as evidence of established prognostic or clinical utility. Long-term data on recurrence, progression, and survival were not available; therefore, prognostic utility could not be evaluated. Larger prospective studies incorporating longitudinal outcomes are warranted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Biomarkers in Veterinary Medicine)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1971 KB

Open AccessArticle

Hierarchy of the Constituent Characters in Chinese Non-Idiomatic Three-Character Words: An Eye-Tracking Study

by Jinyan Lv, Degao Li and Shuangshuang Wang

Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(9), 1602; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16091602 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

The internal structure of Chinese three-character words may guide eye movements, but whether character-level eye movements vary with hierarchical roles remains unclear. In an eye-tracking lexical decision task, we manipulated branching direction and whole-word familiarity in non-idiomatic three-character words (H3CWs), controlled final-character predictability [...] Read more.

The internal structure of Chinese three-character words may guide eye movements, but whether character-level eye movements vary with hierarchical roles remains unclear. In an eye-tracking lexical decision task, we manipulated branching direction and whole-word familiarity in non-idiomatic three-character words (H3CWs), controlled final-character predictability in the primary analyses, and measured skipping probability and fixation durations at the initial and final positions. Initial characters were skipped less often in right-branching than left-branching H3CWs, whereas final characters showed the reverse pattern, consistent with first-level characters being skipped less often at both positions. The predicted low-familiarity branching difference was reliable only for initial-character total fixation duration; first-fixation and gaze-duration contrasts were inconclusive, and no branching-related duration difference was detected for the final character. Higher predictability increased final-character skipping in left-branching but not right-branching H3CWs and was associated with shorter final-character total fixation durations. Apparent final-character familiarity effects were nonsignificant after predictability was controlled. The findings are compatible with structure-sensitive saccade-target selection and a familiarity-dependent pattern in later fixation time. However, because hierarchical role is intrinsically linked to branching and position, and the proposed mechanisms were inferred rather than measured directly, the pattern cannot be attributed uniquely to hierarchical role or a specific processing mechanism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cognition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 6714 KB

Open AccessArticle

Polystyrene Microplastics Impair Intestinal Homeostasis in Juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus Through Oxidative Imbalance and Gut Microbiota Dysregulation

by Yuhong Li, Yiran Tan, Liyun Han, Yue Liu, Mingxiao Liu, Caoqun Zheng, Wenxin Jin, Tianshuai Zhang, Bosen Weng, Zhaohong Weng and Jun Bo

Toxics 2026, 14(9), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics14090797 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous marine pollutants that pose increasing ecological risks, yet their effects on intestinal physiology and gut microbial homeostasis during the juvenile developmental stages of Tachypleus tridentatus remain unclear. In this study, fifth- and sixth-instar juveniles of T. tridentatus were exposed [...] Read more.

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous marine pollutants that pose increasing ecological risks, yet their effects on intestinal physiology and gut microbial homeostasis during the juvenile developmental stages of Tachypleus tridentatus remain unclear. In this study, fifth- and sixth-instar juveniles of T. tridentatus were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 6.0 μm polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs; 0, 10², and 10⁴ particles/L) for 7 and 21 days to investigate intestinal physiological responses and potential mechanisms associated with PS-MP exposure. Intestinal retention, oxidative stress, innate immune responses, and gut microbiota were comprehensively evaluated. PS-MP exposure induced concentration-dependent and time-dependent alterations in superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, and lysozyme, suggesting oxidative imbalance and modulation of innate immune responses. Fifth-instar juveniles displayed more pronounced oxidative-stress alterations and divergent innate-immune profiles relative to sixth-instar conspecifics, pointing to greater physiological susceptibility at earlier developmental stages. Gut microbiota analysis revealed pronounced dysbiosis, characterized by a reduced relative abundance of Bacillota, enrichment of Pseudomonadota, depletion of beneficial taxa (e.g., Lactococcus), and increased abundance of opportunistic bacteria, including Pseudomonas and members of Enterobacteriaceae. These physiological and microbial alterations collectively suggest that environmentally relevant PS-MPs impair intestinal homeostasis in juvenile T. tridentatus by inducing oxidative imbalance, modifying innate immune responses, and reshaping gut microbial communities, with clear instar- and exposure time-dependent effects. These findings highlight the importance of considering developmental stages in ecological risk assessment for benthic arthropods. Full article

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

21 pages, 2657 KB

Open AccessArticle

The SlDUF789 Gene Family in Tomato: Genome-Wide Identification and Responsiveness to Hormonal and Abiotic Stress Signals

by Wenbing Zou, Xinfang Chen, Zhipeng Wang and Weibiao Liao

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(18), 8014; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27188014 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

The DUF789 protein family comprises conserved domain proteins in plants, most of which remain functionally uncharacterized despite their involvement in growth, development, and stress responses. Moreover, systematic identification of the DUF789 family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has not been reported. In [...] Read more.

The DUF789 protein family comprises conserved domain proteins in plants, most of which remain functionally uncharacterized despite their involvement in growth, development, and stress responses. Moreover, systematic identification of the DUF789 family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has not been reported. In this study, 11 SlDUF789 members were identified from the tomato genome, unevenly distributed across seven chromosomes, with members within the same subgroup sharing similar exon–intron structures and conserved motifs. Promoter analysis revealed the enrichment of cis-acting elements associated with light, hormone, and stress responses. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed diverse expression patterns across tissues: most SlDUF789 members exhibited relatively high expression levels in reproductive tissues, whereas SlDUF789-7 was broadly expressed across all tissues, with elevated expression in fully open flowers and red-ripe fruits. Under stress and hormone treatments, SlDUF789-7 exhibited the highest induction under ABA and salt stress; SlDUF789-8 under MeJA and PEG; and SlDUF789-11 under SA and low-light. Notably, SlDUF789-7 responded strongly across all treatments, whereas SlDUF789-11 showed sustained upregulation under low-light stress. This study provides the first systematic characterization of the SlDUF789 gene family in tomato and establishes a foundation for future research on their biological functions and potential roles in stress responses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress Signaling and Horticultural Crops Quality Control)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 5507 KB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Relationships and Influencing Factors of Traditional Villages and Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Yunnan Section of the China–Vietnam Border

by Ziyun Xiao, Run Zhang and Yun Zhang

Sustainability 2026, 18(18), 9259; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18189259 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

The prefectures and cities along the Yunnan–Vietnam border constitute a key cultural corridor connecting China and ASEAN. Under the dual pressures of globalization and modernization, the regional cultural landscape is undergoing profound structural transformation. This study takes 194 traditional villages and 942 municipal-level [...] Read more.

The prefectures and cities along the Yunnan–Vietnam border constitute a key cultural corridor connecting China and ASEAN. Under the dual pressures of globalization and modernization, the regional cultural landscape is undergoing profound structural transformation. This study takes 194 traditional villages and 942 municipal-level and above intangible cultural heritage (ICH) items in Honghe, Wenshan, and Pu’er as the research objects. Kernel density estimation, the standard deviation ellipse, and the gravity center model were employed to identify their spatial distribution patterns, while the spatial mismatch index and GeoDetector were used to examine their spatial coupling relationship and influencing mechanisms. The results indicate the following: (1) traditional villages exhibit a single-core clustered distribution concentrated in the Ailao Mountains-Honghe River Basin of Honghe Prefecture, whereas ICH displays a one-core-two-cluster pattern with relatively weak agglomeration, and the gravity centers of the two heritage systems are separated by 61.21 km; (2) a significant systematic spatial mismatch exists between traditional villages and ICH, with Honghe characterized as a high negative mismatch region, while Pu’er and Wenshan represent positive mismatch regions; (3) their spatial relationship is jointly shaped by nonlinear interactions among natural geographical, socioeconomic, and historical-cultural factors, forming an interaction mechanism dominated by the ecological constraints of hydrothermal conditions and topography together with the spatial organizational effects of border ports and transportation networks. This study reveals the spatial reorganization pattern of cultural heritage elements in the three prefectures and cities along the Yunnan–Vietnam border and provides a scientific basis for the coordinated conservation and spatial optimization of traditional villages and intangible cultural heritage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 23368 KB

Open AccessArticle

An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Bearing Behavior of Geogrid-Wrapped Geotextile Bag Retaining Walls Filled with Cement-Modified Soil

by Yulin Zhang, Hua Wen, Xiang Fan, Ningchuan Zhang, Qian Xi, Jiujiang Wu and Ziyu Xu

Buildings 2026, 16(18), 3583; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16183583 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

The geotextile bag retaining wall is a reinforced soil retaining structure that has been widely adopted in recent engineering practice; its construction method involves stacking geotextile bags along the slope surface to provide surface load support for the backfill. This structure is characterized [...] Read more.

The geotextile bag retaining wall is a reinforced soil retaining structure that has been widely adopted in recent engineering practice; its construction method involves stacking geotextile bags along the slope surface to provide surface load support for the backfill. This structure is characterized by simple construction, low cost, excellent reinforcement performance, and environmental friendliness. However, traditional geotextile bag retaining walls often suffer from drawbacks such as excessive lateral deformation and localized slope instability. Therefore, this study proposes an improved composite retaining wall structure combining soil and geotextile bag systems with geogrid reinforcement; this structure represents an enhancement and optimization of existing geotextile bag support systems; this approach integrates the individual geotextile bags into a unified whole, thereby enhancing the structural bearing capacity. Then, using a simplified shear-strength-reduction scenario in FLAC3D, we analyzed the load-bearing performance of this modified geotextile bag retaining wall under rainfall conditions, offering recommendations for regions with frequent precipitation. It is emphasized that additional slope stabilization measures should be implemented when employing this configuration. The test results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity varies from 132.09 kPa to 207.47 kPa under different slope ratios with fixed 1 m geogrid reinforcement length. The geogrid-wrapped configuration reduces wall-facing horizontal deformation significantly, and increases its load-bearing capacity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1481 KB

Open AccessReview

Migration of Bisphenol A (BPA) into PET-Bottled Beverages: A Comprehensive Review and Bibliometric Analysis

by Tonny Briceño and Grobert A. Guadalupe

Toxics 2026, 14(9), 796; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics14090796 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

The presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in beverages packaged in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has attracted increasing attention due to its endocrine-disrupting effects and the controversy over its origin, since virgin PET does not use BPA as a monomer. This review aimed to analyze [...] Read more.

The presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in beverages packaged in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has attracted increasing attention due to its endocrine-disrupting effects and the controversy over its origin, since virgin PET does not use BPA as a monomer. This review aimed to analyze evidence on BPA occurrence in PET-packaged beverages, migration from PET itself, associated factors, analytical methodologies, and potential contamination sources. A literature search was conducted in Scopus following PRISMA guidelines, resulting in 60 studies analyzed using Bibliometrix (Biblioshiny), VOSviewer, and qualitative evidence synthesis. Publications increased markedly after 2020, with a thematic shift toward food safety, contaminant migration, and circular economy. Temperature, storage time, ultraviolet radiation, beverage characteristics, packaging composition, and recycled PET were identified as factors associated with BPA occurrence or migration. However, the available evidence does not conclusively demonstrate that BPA detected in PET-packaged beverages originates from the migration of virgin PET. Moreover, substantial heterogeneity in analytical methods, detection limits, sample matrices, and experimental conditions limits direct comparison of BPA concentrations and the strength of overall conclusions. Standardized analytical approaches and robust studies are needed to clarify BPA sources and support future risk assessment and regulatory decisions. Full article

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

15 pages, 8090 KB

Open AccessArticle

Shear Wave Elastography for Non-Invasive Assessment of Skin Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis

by Xuesong Liu, Hanlin Yin, Wanyi Lin, Chenhan Jia, Fenglin Wu, Xinyu Li, Chunhua Wu, Ruru Guo, Liangjing Lu and Lixin Jiang

Diagnostics 2026, 16(18), 2905; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16182905 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune fibrosing disorder in which cutaneous involvement is a major manifestation. We investigated whether shear wave elastography (SWE) can distinguish SSc from healthy controls and examined how SWE relates to clinical and histological indices of skin [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune fibrosing disorder in which cutaneous involvement is a major manifestation. We investigated whether shear wave elastography (SWE) can distinguish SSc from healthy controls and examined how SWE relates to clinical and histological indices of skin fibrosis. Methods: The study included 78 patients with SSc and 30 healthy controls (HCs). High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) quantified skin thickness and SWE quantified stiffness at the fingers, dorsal hands, and forearms. Ultrasound findings were examined in relation to the modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS). In 15 patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), matched forearm biopsies were additionally analyzed for dermal thickness and collagen content. Results: Relative to HCs, patients with dcSSc had greater epidermal and dermal thickness at all examined sites, while patients with lcSSc had greater dermal thickness only at the fingers. Associations between dermal thickness and mRSS varied by site (Spearman ρ, 0.47–0.66). SWE values were higher in SSc than in HCs. The AUCs for distinguishing SSc from HCs were 0.820 at the fingers, 0.734 at the dorsal hands, and 0.760 at the forearms. Within the dcSSc biopsy subgroup, SWE correlated with collagen volume fraction (ρ = 0.68, p = 0.0068) and histological dermal thickness (ρ = 0.63, p = 0.0142). Conclusions: SWE enables quantitative non-invasive characterization of skin stiffness in SSc. Matched forearm histology in a small dcSSc subgroup provides preliminary evidence that the imaging measurements converge with tissue-level measures. Validation in larger independent cohorts is needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

29 pages, 2336 KB

Open AccessArticle

Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Cytokines as Drivers of Cardiac Remodeling in COPD Patients

by Elena-Andreea Moaleș, Lucia Corina Dima-Cozma, Cristina Andreea Adam, Doina-Clementina Cojocaru, Cristina Gena Dascălu, Andreea Iațentiuc, Iustin Mihai Iațentiuc, Tatiana Drâmbă, Maura Gabriela Felea, Robert Negru, Ioana Mădălina Zota, Romică Sebastian Cozma, Maria Magdalena Leon and Florin Mitu

Antioxidants 2026, 15(9), 1141; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15091141 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease characterized by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, with frequent cardiovascular involvement. This study investigated the associations between oxidative stress-related inflammatory markers and structural and electrical cardiac abnormalities in patients with COPD [...] Read more.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease characterized by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, with frequent cardiovascular involvement. This study investigated the associations between oxidative stress-related inflammatory markers and structural and electrical cardiac abnormalities in patients with COPD using a comprehensive multimodal cardiopulmonary assessment. A total of 100 clinically stable patients with COPD underwent inflammatory biomarker evaluation (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α), transthoracic echocardiography and 24 h Holter ECG monitoring. Advanced COPD was associated with significant differences in several structural cardiac parameters, including left atrial volume (p = 0.016), left atrial height (p = 0.027), and selected left ventricular parameters, while left ventricular ejection fraction remained preserved. Electrical abnormalities were significantly associated with systemic inflammatory markers. SII showed the highest discriminatory performance for sinus rhythm abnormalities (AUC = 0.736), whereas IL-6 showed the highest discriminatory performance for ventricular premature complexes (AUC = 0.732). Ventricular ectopic activity was also associated with significantly higher SII, SIRI, MLR, NLR, and PLR. Systemic inflammatory markers were associated with structural and electrical cardiac abnormalities in COPD, suggesting that they may provide complementary information regarding cardiovascular involvement. However, given the cross-sectional design and moderate discriminatory performance of these biomarkers, the findings should be considered exploratory and do not establish causal relationships. Prospective studies are needed to determine their potential role in cardiovascular risk stratification. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Lung Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 4063 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship Between Streetscapes Around Tourist Attractions and Visitors’ Emotions from a Servicescape Perspective: Implications for Sustainable Tourism Based on Deep Learning

by You-Hai Lu and Yi-Gong Hu

Sustainability 2026, 18(18), 9260; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18189260 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

The external servicescapes surrounding tourist attractions influence visitor emotions and contribute to the sustainable development of urban tourism destinations. However, the relationship between objective streetscape visual elements and subjective emotions from a big data perspective remains unclear. This study examines their predictive capacity, [...] Read more.

The external servicescapes surrounding tourist attractions influence visitor emotions and contribute to the sustainable development of urban tourism destinations. However, the relationship between objective streetscape visual elements and subjective emotions from a big data perspective remains unclear. This study examines their predictive capacity, relative model-based importance, and nonlinear association patterns using 14,968 street-view images from 178 tourist-attraction AOIs in Shanghai and UGC-derived emotion scores. Drawing on servicescape theory and a data-driven sustainability perspective, semantic segmentation was used to classify streetscape visual elements into three dimensions (environmental conditions, spatial layout and signage or symbols). Among the evaluated models, the MLP ensemble achieved the strongest out-of-sample performance, but its test-set R² was only 0.026, indicating limited out-of-sample predictive capacity. SHAP analysis revealed that environmental conditions and spatial layout and functionality jointly accounted for 89.3% of the total absolute SHAP attribution, although the model’s overall predictive power remained low. PDP analysis further identified distinct nonlinear response patterns across streetscape features. This study extends servicescape research to open tourism environments and provides exploratory evidence for sustainable streetscape management around tourist attractions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Tourism, Culture, and Heritage)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

33 pages, 2678 KB

Open AccessReview

From Stable Traits to Dynamic Mechanisms: An Integrative Conceptual Model of Personality and Criminogenic Cognitions in the Incarcerated Population

by Cornelia Rada

Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(9), 1604; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16091604 (registering DOI) - 9 Sep 2026

Abstract

Criminal behavior has been explained through multiple theoretical frameworks developed independently, including general personality models (FPI, Big Five, HEXACO), maladaptive configurations (Dark Triad/Tetrad, psychopathy), and criminogenic cognitions. However, integrated analysis of this literature suggests the existence of a multilevel architecture of antisocial vulnerability [...] Read more.

Criminal behavior has been explained through multiple theoretical frameworks developed independently, including general personality models (FPI, Big Five, HEXACO), maladaptive configurations (Dark Triad/Tetrad, psychopathy), and criminogenic cognitions. However, integrated analysis of this literature suggests the existence of a multilevel architecture of antisocial vulnerability rather than entirely distinct, non-communicating mechanisms. This narrative integrative review synthesizes empirical evidence regarding these frameworks in incarcerated populations, drawing predominantly on literature indexed in Web of Science and Scopus, supplemented by Google Scholar and snowballing searches, as detailed in the Methods section. The analysis identifies a convergent dispositional core—characterized by elevated aggression, emotional excitability, and psychological strain, alongside reduced conscientiousness, agreeableness, honesty–humility, and social integration—that may exert its influence on behavior partly through dynamic mechanisms such as self-efficacy and self-control, together with the more proximal influence of criminogenic cognitions, expressed differentially through maladaptive personality configurations. The persistent heterogeneity of offender profiles and conceptual convergences across models support this same multilevel structure. The findings propose a three-level integrative conceptual model that explicitly links these previously fragmented studies, with implications for directing correctional interventions toward dynamic mechanisms rather than solely toward stable personality traits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Psychiatric, Emotional and Behavioral Disorders)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Recent Articles

Open Access Journals

Highly Accessed Articles

Latest Books

News

Blog Posts

Topics

Selected Special Issues

Selected Collections

Journals by Subject

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI