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9 pages, 235 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inclusion of Milk Thistle Seed and Achyranthes japonica Extract Alone or in Combination in Diet of Weaning Pigs Results in Similar Growth Outcomes

by Shanmugam Suresh Kumar, Se Yeon Jang and In Ho Kim

Life 2025, 15(7), 1114; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15071114 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of milk thistle seed (MTS) and Achyranthes japonica extract (AJE), both individually and in combination, on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, fecal gas emissions, and cytokine responses in n = 120 crossbred [...] Read more.

The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of milk thistle seed (MTS) and Achyranthes japonica extract (AJE), both individually and in combination, on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, fecal gas emissions, and cytokine responses in n = 120 crossbred [(Landrace Yorkshire) × Duroc] weaning piglets with an initial body weight of 6.53 ± 1.24 kg. Pigs were selected based on sex and randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments for 6 weeks. The experimental diets were as follows: (1) CON—control/basal diet; (2) AJE (CON + 0.10% AJE); (3) MTS (CON + 0.10% MTS); and (4) CMB—combo feed (CON + 0.05% of AJE + 0.05% of MTS). Each treatment consisted of six replicates with five pigs (three ♀ and two barrows ♂) per pen. The incorporation of MTS has the potential to enhance (p < 0.05) the average daily gain in weaning pigs, particularly when used alone or in combination with AJE. But there were no significant effects or adverse effects observed on other growth parameters such as body weight, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio. Also, there were no notable changes found in nutrient digestibility, fecal score, fecal gas emissions, or cytokine production. In summary, MTS and AJE, administered alone or in combination, reveal similar growth outcomes, suggesting that both additives could serve as potential options to improve animal performance without adverse effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches and Strategies in Nutrition and Feeding of Animals: 2nd Edition)

11 pages, 8761 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

An Annealing Strategy for Inhibiting Recrystallization in Nickel-Based Single-Crystal Superalloys

by Xing Hu, Fuze Xu, Menglin Gao, Shengjun Xia, Shuaiheng Liang, Chunfa Huang, Dexin Ma and Qiulin Li

Materials 2025, 18(14), 3341; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143341 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

The inhibition of recrystallization in high-strain nickel-based single-crystal superalloys remains a critical challenge for advanced turbine blade applications. This study investigates the evolution of the primary γ’ phase and dislocation during annealing in a third-generation Re-containing single-crystal superalloy (WZ30) subjected to 5% compressive [...] Read more.

The inhibition of recrystallization in high-strain nickel-based single-crystal superalloys remains a critical challenge for advanced turbine blade applications. This study investigates the evolution of the primary γ’ phase and dislocation during annealing in a third-generation Re-containing single-crystal superalloy (WZ30) subjected to 5% compressive deformation. Isochronal annealing (700 to 1200 °C, 1 min) combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis revealed a nonlinear variation of the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density, which reached a minimum of 1000 °C with 62.7% of the primary γ’ phase retained. Prolonged recovery annealing at 1000 °C for 10 h effectively inhibited recrystallization during subsequent solution heat treatment. This result provides a practical strategy for inhibiting recrystallization in single-crystal superalloys. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quality, Microstructure and Properties of Metal Alloys (Second Volume))

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16 pages, 1767 KiB

Open AccessReview

Current Endocrine Therapy in Hormone-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: From Tumor Biology to the Rationale for Therapeutic Tunning

by Oana Maria Burciu, Adrian-Grigore Merce, Simona Cerbu, Aida Iancu, Tudor-Alexandru Popoiu, Ionut Marcel Cobec, Ioan Sas and Gabriel Mihail Dimofte

Medicina 2025, 61(7), 1280; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071280 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The objective of this review is to evaluate the current evidence regarding hormone treatments for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women with early-stage hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer. Materials and Methods: An in-depth exploration of the existing literature was [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: The objective of this review is to evaluate the current evidence regarding hormone treatments for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women with early-stage hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer. Materials and Methods: An in-depth exploration of the existing literature was conducted, with landmark clinical trials such as TEXT, SOFT, ATLAS, and aTTom serving as primary references. Results: Through an extensive review of the literature, our findings indicate that for premenopausal women with HR-positive, HER2-negative BC with a low risk of recurrence, standard 5-year monotherapy with tamoxifen represents the optimal therapeutic management, given its favorable clinical outcomes and lower associated toxicity. In contrast, for premenopausal women with an intermediate to high risk of recurrence with the same tumor characteristics, the most effective approach stated in the literature is a combination of ovarian suppression therapy (chemical/surgical) and an aromatase inhibitor/selective estrogen receptor modulator (tamoxifen), with a possible extension of the standard therapeutic period. In postmenopausal patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer with a low recurrence risk, the first line of treatment is usually a standard 5-year period of treatment with aromatase inhibitors (AIs)(letrozole, anastrozole, or exemestane). On the other hand, in postmenopausal women with an intermediate to high risk, combination therapy might be needed, as well as an extension of the standard therapeutic time. Conclusions: Treatment consensus depends on pre- vs. postmenopausal status and recurrence risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Developments in Diagnosis and Management of Breast Cancer)

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16 pages, 6052 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Crystal Form Investigation and Morphology Control of Salbutamol Sulfate via Spherulitic Growth

by Xinyue Qiu, Hongcheng Li, Yanni Du, Xuan Chen, Shichao Du, Yan Wang and Fumin Xue

Crystals 2025, 15(7), 651; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15070651 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Salbutamol sulfate is a selective β2-receptor agonist used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The crystals of salbutamol sulfate usually appear as needles with a relatively large aspect ratio, showing poor powder properties. In this study, spherical particles of salbutamol sulfate [...] Read more.

Salbutamol sulfate is a selective β2-receptor agonist used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The crystals of salbutamol sulfate usually appear as needles with a relatively large aspect ratio, showing poor powder properties. In this study, spherical particles of salbutamol sulfate were obtained via antisolvent crystallization. Four different antisolvents, including ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, and sec-butanol, were selected, and their effects on crystal form and morphology were compared. Notably, a new solvate of salbutamol sulfate with sec-butanol has been obtained. The novel crystal form was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio between solvent and salbutamol sulfate in the crystal lattice. In addition, the effects of crystallization temperature, solute concentration, ratio of antisolvent to solvent, feeding rate, and stirring rate on the morphology of spherical particles were investigated in different antisolvents. We have found that crystals grown from the n-butanol–water system at optimal conditions (25 °C, antisolvent/solvent ratio of 9:1, and drug concentration of 0.2 g·mL⁻¹) could be developed into compact and uniform spherulites. The morphological evolution process was also monitored, and the results indicated a spherulitic growth pattern, in which sheaves of plate-like crystals gradually branched into a fully developed spherulite. This work paves a feasible way to develop new crystal forms and prepare spherical particles of pharmaceuticals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallization and Purification)

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17 pages, 1608 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Macroalgae Biomass Upcycling as a Sustainable Resource for Value-Added Applications

by Ana Terra de Medeiros Felipe, Alliny Samara Lopes de Lima, Emanuelle Maria de Oliveira Paiva, Roberto Bruno Lucena da Cunha, Addison Ribeiro de Almeida, Francisco Ayrton Senna Domingos Pinheiro, Leandro De Santis Ferreira, Marcia Regina da Silva Pedrini, Katia Nicolau Matsui and Roberta Targino Hoskin

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(14), 7927; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147927 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

As the global demand for eco-friendly food ingredients grows, marine macroalgae emerge as a valuable resource for multiple applications using a circular bioeconomy approach. In this study, green macroalgae Ulva flexuosa, naturally accumulated in aquaculture ponds as a residual biomass (by-product) of [...] Read more.

As the global demand for eco-friendly food ingredients grows, marine macroalgae emerge as a valuable resource for multiple applications using a circular bioeconomy approach. In this study, green macroalgae Ulva flexuosa, naturally accumulated in aquaculture ponds as a residual biomass (by-product) of shrimp and oyster farming, were investigated regarding their bioactivity, chemical composition, and antioxidant properties. The use of aquaculture by-products as raw materials not only reduces waste accumulation but also makes better use of natural resources and adds value to underutilized biomass, contributing to sustainable production systems. For this, a comprehensive approach including the evaluation of its composition and environmentally friendly extraction of bioactive compounds was conducted and discussed. Green macroalgae exhibited high fiber (37.63% dry weight, DW) and mineral (30.45% DW) contents. Among the identified compounds, palmitic acid and linoleic acid (ω-6) were identified in the highest concentrations. Pigment analysis revealed a high concentration of chlorophylls (73.95 mg/g) and carotenoids (17.75 mg/g). To evaluate the bioactivity of Ulva flexuosa, ultrasound-assisted solid–liquid extraction was performed using water, ethanol, and methanol. Methanolic extracts showed the highest flavonoid content (59.33 mg QE/100 g), while aqueous extracts had the highest total phenolic content (41.50 mg GAE/100 g). Ethanolic and methanolic extracts had the most potent DPPH scavenging activity, whereas aqueous and ethanolic extracts performed best at the ABTS assay. Overall, we show the upcycling of Ulva flexuosa, an underexplored aquaculture by-product, as a sustainable and sensible strategy for multiple value-added applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Food Processing Technologies and Approaches)

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20 pages, 1256 KiB

Open AccessReview

Exploring Meiotic Recombination and Its Potential Benefits in South African Beef Cattle: A Review

by Nozipho A. Magagula, Keabetswe T. Ncube, Avhashoni A. Zwane and Bohani Mtileni

Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(7), 669; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12070669 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Meiotic recombination is a key evolutionary process that generates novel allele combinations during prophase I of meiosis, promoting genetic diversity and enabling the selection of desirable traits in livestock breeding. Although its molecular mechanisms are well-characterised in model organisms such as humans and [...] Read more.

Meiotic recombination is a key evolutionary process that generates novel allele combinations during prophase I of meiosis, promoting genetic diversity and enabling the selection of desirable traits in livestock breeding. Although its molecular mechanisms are well-characterised in model organisms such as humans and mice, studies in African indigenous cattle, particularly South African breeds, remain scarce. Key regulators of recombination, including PRDM9, SPO11, and DMC1, play essential roles in crossover formation and genome stability, with mutations in these genes often linked to fertility defects. Despite the Bonsmara and Nguni breeds’ exceptional adaptability to arid and resource-limited environments, little is known about how recombination contributes to their unique genetic architecture and adaptive traits. This review synthesises the current knowledge on the molecular basis of meiotic recombination, with a focus on prophase I events and associated structural proteins and enzymes. It also highlights the utility of genome-wide tools, particularly high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for recombination mapping. By focusing on the underexplored recombination landscape in South African beef cattle, this review identifies key knowledge gaps. It outlines how recombination studies can inform breeding strategies aimed at enhancing genetic improvement, conservation, and the long-term sustainability of local beef production systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Biomedical Sciences)

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21 pages, 1415 KiB

Open AccessReview

Next-Generation River Health Monitoring: Integrating AI, GIS, and eDNA for Real-Time and Biodiversity-Driven Assessment

by Su-Ok Hwang, Byeong-Hun Han, Hyo-Gyeom Kim and Baik-Ho Kim

Hydrobiology 2025, 4(3), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology4030019 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Freshwater ecosystems face escalating degradation, demanding real-time, scalable, and biodiversity-aware monitoring solutions. This review proposes an integrated framework combining artificial intelligence (AI), geographic information systems (GISs), and environmental DNA (eDNA) to overcome these limitations and support next-generation river health assessment. The AI-GIS-eDNA system [...] Read more.

Freshwater ecosystems face escalating degradation, demanding real-time, scalable, and biodiversity-aware monitoring solutions. This review proposes an integrated framework combining artificial intelligence (AI), geographic information systems (GISs), and environmental DNA (eDNA) to overcome these limitations and support next-generation river health assessment. The AI-GIS-eDNA system was applied to four representative river basins—the Mississippi, Amazon, Yangtze, and Danube—demonstrating enhanced predictive accuracy (up to 94%), spatial pollution mapping precision (85–95%), and species detection sensitivity (+18–30%) compared to conventional methods. Furthermore, the framework reduces operational costs by up to 40%, highlighting its potential for cost-effective deployment in low-resource regions. Despite its strengths, challenges persist in the areas of regulatory acceptance, data standardization, and digital infrastructure. We recommend legal recognition of AI and eDNA indicators, investment in explainable AI (XAI), and global data harmonization initiatives. The integrated AI-GIS-eDNA framework offers a scalable and policy-relevant tool for adaptive freshwater governance in the Anthropocene. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecosystem Disturbance in Small Streams)

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15 pages, 2474 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Creatinine-Based Methods for Estimating the Urine Volume of Lactating and Dry Dairy Cows with Special Consideration of Using Spot Urine Samples

by Katharina Padberg, Ulrich Meyer, Dirk von Soosten, Fabian Billenkamp, Liane Hüther, Christin Unruh, Christian Visscher and Sven Dänicke

Ruminants 2025, 5(3), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/ruminants5030031 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

A key factor in calculating dairy cows’ nitrogen (N) excretion is knowing the amount of daily excreted urine. The present study aimed to investigate two methods to calculate the daily urine volume (UV) excreted using spot urine samples. Data were obtained from nine [...] Read more.

A key factor in calculating dairy cows’ nitrogen (N) excretion is knowing the amount of daily excreted urine. The present study aimed to investigate two methods to calculate the daily urine volume (UV) excreted using spot urine samples. Data were obtained from nine balance experiments involving 47 lactating and seven non-lactating German Holstein cows, with an average body weight (BW) of 620 ± 95 kg and an average age of 5.6 ± 1.4 years. Daily urinary creatinine (Cr) and UVs were known for all animals. The first method was developed by linearly regressing the daily excreted amount of Cr in urine against BW (p < 0.001; R² = 0.51; RSE: 2.8). The slope of the regression was used to calculate UV. The second method includes a non-linear regression of UV on Cr concentration in urine, allowing direct estimation of UV without knowledge of BW (p < 0.001; RSE: 8.13). Both estimation methods were compared to the standard method to determine UV from balance trials using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland–Altman plots. The first method had a CCC of 0.81, and the second method had a CCC of 0.85. Both methods can confidently be applied to calculate UV. Therefore, the second method is usable if BW is unavailable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic The Environmental Footprint of Animal Production)

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20 pages, 345 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Collecting Data on the Social Determinants of Health to Advance Health Equity in Cancer Care in Canada: Patient and Community Perspectives

by Jacqueline L. Bender, Eryn Tong, Ekaterina An, Zhihui Amy Liu, Gilla K. Shapiro, Jonathan Avery, Alanna Chu, Christian Schulz-Quach, Sarah Hales, Alies Maybee, Ambreen Sayani, Andrew Pinto and Aisha Lofters

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070406 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Despite advances in cancer care, disparities persist. The collection of the social determinants of health (SDOH) is fundamental to addressing disparities. However, SDOH are inconsistently collected in many regions of the world. This two-phase multiple methods study examined patient and community perspectives regarding [...] Read more.

Despite advances in cancer care, disparities persist. The collection of the social determinants of health (SDOH) is fundamental to addressing disparities. However, SDOH are inconsistently collected in many regions of the world. This two-phase multiple methods study examined patient and community perspectives regarding SDOH data collection in Canada. In phase 1, a survey was administered to patients at a cancer centre (n = 549) to assess perspectives on an SDOH data collection tool. In phase 2, broader perspectives were sought through a community consultation with patient partners experiencing structural inequality (n = 15). Most participants were comfortable with SDOH data collection. Of survey respondents, 95% were comfortable with the collection of language, birthplace, sex, gender, education, and disability, and 82% to 94% were comfortable with SES, sexual orientation, social support, and race/ethnicity. Discomfort levels did not differ across subgroups, except women were more uncomfortable disclosing SES (OR: 2.00; 95%CI: 1.26, 3.19). Most (71%) preferred face-to-face data collection with a healthcare professional and only half were comfortable with storage of SDOH in electronic health records. Open-ended survey responses (n = 1533) and the community consultation revealed concerns about privacy, discrimination, relevance to care, and data accuracy. SDOH data collection efforts should include a clear rationale for patients, training for providers, strong data privacy and security measures, and actionable strategies to address needs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Disparities and Outcomes in Cancer Survivors)

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21 pages, 830 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Chemical and Physical Analysis, Processing, and Repurposing of Brewers’ Spent Grain

by Joshua M. Henkin, Kalidas Mainali, Brajendra K. Sharma, Madhav P. Yadav, Helen Ngo and Majher I. Sarker

Biomass 2025, 5(3), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass5030042 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Beer production produces significant amounts of brewers’ spent grain (BSG), a lignocellulosic by-product with important environmental and economic impacts. Despite its high moisture content and rapid microbial breakdown, BSG has a stable, nutrient-rich composition, especially high in protein, fiber, and polyphenolic compounds. While [...] Read more.

Beer production produces significant amounts of brewers’ spent grain (BSG), a lignocellulosic by-product with important environmental and economic impacts. Despite its high moisture content and rapid microbial breakdown, BSG has a stable, nutrient-rich composition, especially high in protein, fiber, and polyphenolic compounds. While its perishability limits direct use in food systems, BSG is often repurposed as livestock feed. Recent advances in bioprocessing and extraction technologies have expanded their use across different sectors. This review explores the composition of crude BSG and evaluates innovative valorization methods, including recovering bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical value, and converting them into biofuels such as biogas, biodiesel, and bioethanol. Special focus is given to methods involving enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and chemical extraction to isolate proteins, peptides, amino acids, sugars, and polyphenols. By analyzing emerging applications and industrial scalability challenges, this review highlights BSG’s growing role within circular economy models and its potential to promote sustainable innovations in both the brewing industry and the wider bioeconomy. Full article

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15 pages, 1866 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Suitability for Investigating the Oxidative Stability of Non-Alcoholic Beers

by Maria Cristina Porcu and Daniele Sanna

Oxygen 2025, 5(3), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen5030014 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Seven lager beers and seven non-alcoholic counterparts, marketed by the same producers, were analyzed for their total phenolic content (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA) towards the DPPH radical and ThioBarbituric Index (TBI). All beers were also subjected to spin trapping experiments at 60 [...] Read more.

Seven lager beers and seven non-alcoholic counterparts, marketed by the same producers, were analyzed for their total phenolic content (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA) towards the DPPH radical and ThioBarbituric Index (TBI). All beers were also subjected to spin trapping experiments at 60 °C in the presence of PBN. To our knowledge, this is the first time that non-alcoholic beers (NABs) have been subjected to spin trapping experiments coupled with Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The evolution of the intensity of the PBN radical adducts during the first 150 min was represented graphically and the intensity at 150 min (I₁₅₀) and the area under the curve (AUC), were measured. The I₁₅₀ and the AUC of lagers and NABs are significantly different, whereas the TPC, the EC₅₀ of the DPPH assay, and the TBI of the two groups are superimposed. A relationship, previously proposed by us, to correlate ESR spectroscopy parameters with others obtained from UV-Vis spectrophotometry, was also applied, demonstrating its practicability. Multivariate analysis shows that clustering in two separate groups occurs only if I₁₅₀ and AUC are included in the model. Based on these results, ESR spectroscopy can be applied to study the oxidative stability of NABs. Full article

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28 pages, 5586 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vertical Equilibrium Model Analysis for CO₂ Storage

by Mohammadsajjad Zeynolabedini and Ashkan Jahanbani Ghahfarokhi

Gases 2025, 5(3), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/gases5030016 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

This work uses the MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST) to reduce the 3D reservoir model into a 2D version in order to investigate CO₂ storage in the Aurora model using the vertical equilibrium (VE) model. For this purpose, we used an open-source [...] Read more.

This work uses the MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST) to reduce the 3D reservoir model into a 2D version in order to investigate CO₂ storage in the Aurora model using the vertical equilibrium (VE) model. For this purpose, we used an open-source reservoir simulator, MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST). MRST is an open-source reservoir simulator, with supplementary modules added to enhance its versatility in addition to a core set of procedures. A fully implicit discretization is used in the numerical formulation of MRST-co2lab enabling the integration of simulators with vertical equilibrium (VE) models to create hybrid models. This model is then compared with the Eclipse model in terms of properties and simulation results. The relative permeability of water and gas can be compared to verify that the model fits the original Eclipse model. Comparing the fluid viscosities used in MRST and Eclipse also reveals comparable tendencies. However, reservoir heterogeneity is the reason for variations in CO₂ plume morphologies. The upper layers of the Eclipse model have lower permeability than the averaged MRST model, which has a substantial impact on CO₂ transport. According to the study, after 530 years, about 17 MT of CO₂ might be stored, whereas 28 MT might escape the reservoir, since after 530 years CO₂ plume reaches completely the open northern boundary. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis study has been conducted on permeability, porosity, residual gas saturation, rock compressibility, and relative permeability curves which are the five uncertain factors in this model. Although plume migration is highly sensitive to permeability, porosity, and rock compressibility variation, it shows a slight change with residual gas saturation and relative permeability curve in this study. Full article

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16 pages, 3244 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Finite Element Analysis of Dental Diamond Burs: Stress Distribution in Dental Structures During Cavity Preparation

by Chethan K N, Abhilash H N, Afiya Eram, Saniya Juneja, Divya Shetty and Laxmikant G. Keni

Prosthesis 2025, 7(4), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis7040084 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Dental cavity preparation is a critical procedure in restorative dentistry that involves the removal of decayed tissue while preserving a healthy tooth structure. Excessive stress during tooth preparation leads to enamel cracking, dentin damage, and long term compressive pulp health. This [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Dental cavity preparation is a critical procedure in restorative dentistry that involves the removal of decayed tissue while preserving a healthy tooth structure. Excessive stress during tooth preparation leads to enamel cracking, dentin damage, and long term compressive pulp health. This study employed finite element analysis (FEA) to investigate the stress distribution in dental structures during cavity preparation using round diamond burs of varying diameters and depths of cut (DOC). Methods: A three-dimensional human maxillary first molar was generated from computed tomography (CT) scan data using 3D Slicer, Fusion 360, and ANSYS Space Claim 2024 R-2. Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted using ANSYS Workbench 2024. Round diamond burs with diameters of 1, 2, and 3 mm were modeled. Cutting simulations were performed for DOC of 1 mm and 2 mm. The burs were treated as rigid bodies, whereas the dental structures were modeled as deformable bodies using the Cowper–Symonds model. Results: The simulations revealed that larger bur diameters and deeper cuts led to higher stress magnitudes, particularly in the enamel and dentin. The maximum von Mises stress was reached at 136.98 MPa, and dentin 140.33 MPa. Smaller burs (≤2 mm) and lower depths of cut (≤1 mm) produced lower stress values and were optimal for minimizing dental structural damage. Pulpal stress remained low but showed an increasing trend with increased DOC and bur size. Conclusions: This study provides clinically relevant guidance for reducing mechanical damage during cavity preparation by recommending the use of smaller burs and controlled cutting depths. The originality of this study lies in its integration of CT-based anatomy with dynamic FEA modeling, enabling a realistic simulation of tool–tissue interaction in dentistry. These insights can inform bur selection, cutting protocols, and future experimental validations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Oral Implantology: Current Aspects and Future Perspectives)

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19 pages, 5038 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Hypoxia-Immune Signature for Gastric Cancer Prognosis and Immunotherapy: Insights from Bulk and Single-Cell RNA-Seq

by Mai Hanh Nguyen, Hoang Dang Khoa Ta, Doan Phuong Quy Nguyen, Viet Huan Le and Nguyen Quoc Khanh Le

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(7), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47070552 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Background: Hypoxia and immune components significantly shape the tumor microenvironment and influence prognosis and immunotherapy response in gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to develop hypoxia- and immune-related gene signatures for prognostic evaluation in GC. Methods: Transcriptomic data from TCGA-STAD were [...] Read more.

Background: Hypoxia and immune components significantly shape the tumor microenvironment and influence prognosis and immunotherapy response in gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to develop hypoxia- and immune-related gene signatures for prognostic evaluation in GC. Methods: Transcriptomic data from TCGA-STAD were integrated with hypoxia- and immune-related genes from InnateDB and MSigDB. A prognostic gene signature was constructed using Cox regression analyses and validated on an independent GSE84437 cohort and single-cell RNA dataset. We further analyzed immune cell infiltration, molecular characteristics of different risk groups, and their association with immunotherapy response. Single-cell RNA-seq data from the TISCH database were used to explore gene expression patterns across cell types. Results: Five genes (TGFB3, INHA, SERPINE1, GPC3, SRPX) were identified. The risk score effectively stratified patients by prognosis, with the high-risk group showing lower overall survival and lower T-cell expression. The gene signature had an association with immune suppression, ARID1A mutation, EMT features, and poorer response to immunotherapy. Gene signature, especially SRPX was enriched in fibroblasts. Conclusions: We developed a robust hypoxia- and immune-related gene signature that predicts prognosis and may help guide immunotherapy strategies for GC patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Linking Genomic Changes with Cancer in the NGS Era, 2nd Edition)

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19 pages, 12075 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrating Gravimetry and Spatial Analysis for Structural and Hydrogeological Characterization of the Northeast Tadla Plain Aquifer Complex, Morocco

by Salahddine Didi, Said El Boute, Soufiane Hajaj, Abdessamad Hilali, Amroumoussa Benmoussa, Said Bouhachm, Salah Lamine, Abdessamad Najine, Amina Wafik and Halima Soussi

Geographies 2025, 5(3), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies5030035 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

This study was conducted in the northeast of the Tadla plain, within the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region of Morocco. The primary objective is to elucidate the geometric and hydrogeological characteristics of this aquifer by analyzing and interpreting data from deep boreholes as well as [...] Read more.

This study was conducted in the northeast of the Tadla plain, within the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region of Morocco. The primary objective is to elucidate the geometric and hydrogeological characteristics of this aquifer by analyzing and interpreting data from deep boreholes as well as gravimetric and electrical measurements using GIS analysis. First, the regional gradient was established. Then, the initial data were extracted. Subsequently, based on the extracted data, a gravity map was created. The investigation of the Bouguer anomaly’s gravity map exposes the presence of a regional gradient, with values varying from −100 mGal in the South to −30 mGal in the North of the area. These Bouguer anomalies often correlate with exposed basement rock areas and variations in the thickness of sedimentary layers across the study area. The analysis of existing electrical survey and deep drilling data confirms the results of the gravimetry survey after applying different techniques such as horizontal gradient and upward extension on the gravimetric map. The findings enabled us to create a structural map highlighting the fault systems responsible for shaping the study area’s structure. The elaborated structural map serves as an indispensable geotectonic reference, facilitating the delineation of subsurface heterogeneities and providing a robust foundation for further hydrogeological assessments in the Tadla Plain. Full article

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14 pages, 1126 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Gender Gap in Science Communication on TikTok and YouTube: How Platform Dynamics Shape the Visibility of Female Science Communicators

by Maider Eizmendi-Iraola, Simón Peña-Fernández and Jordi Morales-i-Gras

Journal. Media 2025, 6(3), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia6030108 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Social media platforms facilitate the dissemination of science and access to it. However, gender inequalities in the participation and visibility of communicators persist. This study examined the differences in reach and audience response between YouTube and TikTok from a gender perspective. To do [...] Read more.

Social media platforms facilitate the dissemination of science and access to it. However, gender inequalities in the participation and visibility of communicators persist. This study examined the differences in reach and audience response between YouTube and TikTok from a gender perspective. To do so, the ten most influential science accounts on YouTube and TikTok were selected, with the sample divided equally between men and women, to conduct a comparative study. A total of 4293 videos on TikTok and 4825 on YouTube were analyzed, along with 277,528 comments, considering metrics of views and interaction. The results show that on YouTube, men received more likes and views, while on TikTok, audience response was more balanced. The participation of women on both platforms also had a differential impact, as the number of women engaging with content on YouTube negatively correlated with interaction levels, whereas on TikTok, their impact was slightly positive. In conclusion, TikTok emerges as a more inclusive space for scientific communication, though structural challenges remain on both platforms, encouraging further research into strategies that promote gender equity in online science communication. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Challenges of Journalism in the Age of AI: Information Disorders, Social Gaps and New Opportunities)

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10 pages, 1098 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pemigatinib in the Real-World Management of Cholangiocarcinoma Through a Canadian Patient Support Program

by Philip Q. Ding, Vincent C. Tam, Ravi Ramjeesingh, Jamil Asselah, Brandon S. Sheffield, Taylor Mitchell, Anne-Julie Gaudreau, Jennifer J. Knox and Winson Y. Cheung

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(7), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32070405 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Background: In September 2021, pemigatinib received Health Canada approval for previously treated locally advanced/metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) with FGFR2 rearrangements/fusions. This retrospective study aimed to characterize the real-world management and outcomes of patients with CCA receiving pemigatinib through a Canadian patient support program (PSP). [...] Read more.

Background: In September 2021, pemigatinib received Health Canada approval for previously treated locally advanced/metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) with FGFR2 rearrangements/fusions. This retrospective study aimed to characterize the real-world management and outcomes of patients with CCA receiving pemigatinib through a Canadian patient support program (PSP). Methods: We evaluated a multi-centre case series of Canadian patients who were prescribed pemigatinib between September 2021 and January 2023 for eligible CCA diagnoses and enrolled in the PSP. The retrospective study data included demographic and disease-, treatment-, and outcome-related information, and these were collected using a survey of prescribing physicians. Results: Of the 26 patients who initiated pemigatinib in the PSP, we received survey responses for 18 (69%). Their median age was 57 years, 67% were female, 61% had stage IV disease, and 83% had intrahepatic CCA. Prior to pemigatinib, a partial hepatectomy was performed in 44% of the patients, and 66% of the patients received 2–4 prior lines of systemic therapy. All patients were treated with platinum-based regimens as the first-line treatment for unresectable/metastatic disease. The median follow-up time on pemigatinib was 12.6 (range: 2.3–28.4) months, and their median real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) was 12.1 months (95% CI 7.2-NR). The physician-assessed objective response and disease control rates were 56% and 89%, respectively. For the nine patients who discontinued pemigatinib, the median treatment duration was 10.6 months (range: 0.8–21.7). Disease progression was the most common reason for discontinuation (89%). None discontinued due to adverse events. Conclusions: Objective response rates, disease control rates, and a PFS comparable to that in the phase 2 FIGHT-202 trial was reported with pemigatinib use in this Canadian PSP cohort. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biliary Tract Cancer Updates: Advancements and Insights)

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17 pages, 398 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Turning Setbacks into Smiles: Exploring the Role of Self-Mocking Strategies in Consumers’ Recovery Satisfaction After E-Commerce Service Failures

by Yali Zhang, Jiale Huang and Qiwei Pang

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(3), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20030183 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

In today’s competitive environment of online service industries, particularly e-commerce, meeting consumer expectations is essential for service providers to ensure service quality. However, service failures are unavoidable, leading to unfavorable consequences for businesses. Understanding the mechanisms for customer recovery after negative service experiences [...] Read more.

In today’s competitive environment of online service industries, particularly e-commerce, meeting consumer expectations is essential for service providers to ensure service quality. However, service failures are unavoidable, leading to unfavorable consequences for businesses. Understanding the mechanisms for customer recovery after negative service experiences is crucial. Using cognitive–emotional personality systems theory and benign violation theory, this study constructed a theoretical model. A total of 351 samples were collected through a situational simulation experiment for a linear regression analysis. A self-mocking response strategy positively influenced brand trust through perceived brand authenticity regarding the dimensions of credibility, integrity, and symbolism. Simultaneously, brand trust was identified as a key driver of post-recovery satisfaction. This study proposes a chain mediation model, which incorporates perceived authenticity and brand trust, to fully comprehend the mechanisms underlying consumers’ satisfaction after service recovery. Our findings provide empirical evidence for the effects of self-mockery on post-recovery satisfaction, as well as suggestions for marketers seeking efficient means to meet consumers’ emotional and cognitive demands during service recovery situations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends and Innovations in Electronic and Mobile Business: Navigating New Frontiers in E-commerce and Beyond)

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17 pages, 6691 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antibiotic-Coated Melt Electrowritten Polycaprolactone Meshes: Fabrication and In Vitro Antibacterial Evaluation

by Joana Pinheiro Martins, Ana Sofia de Sousa, Sofia Costa de Oliveira, António Augusto Fernandes and Elisabete Teixeira da Silva

Macromol 2025, 5(3), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/macromol5030033 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

In recent years, pelvic organ prolapse (POP) cases have been rising, affecting women’s quality of life. Synthetic surgical transvaginal meshes used for POP treatment were withdrawn from the United States market in 2019 due to high risks, including infection, vaginal mesh erosion, and [...] Read more.

In recent years, pelvic organ prolapse (POP) cases have been rising, affecting women’s quality of life. Synthetic surgical transvaginal meshes used for POP treatment were withdrawn from the United States market in 2019 due to high risks, including infection, vaginal mesh erosion, and POP reoccurrence. Biodegradable mesh implants with three-dimensional printing technology have emerged as an innovative alternative. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) meshes for POP repair were fabricated using melt electrospinning writing (MEW) and mechanically evaluated through uniaxial tensile tests. Following this, they were coated with antibiotics—azithromycin, gentamicin sulfate, and ciprofloxacin—commonly used for genitourinary tract infections. Zone inhibition and biofilm assays evaluated antibiotic effectiveness in preventing mesh infections by Escherichia coli, and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) Staphylococcus aureus. The meshes presented a mechanical behavior closer to vaginal tissue than commercially available meshes. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed antibiotic incorporation. Ciprofloxacin demonstrated antibacterial activity against MRSA, with a 92% reduction in metabolic activity and a 99% biomass reduction. Gentamicin and ciprofloxacin displayed inhibitory activity against MSSA and E. coli. Scanning electron microscopy images support these conclusions. This methodology may offer a more effective, patient-friendly solution for POP repair, improving healing and the quality of life for affected women. Full article

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23 pages, 924 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identifying Critical Success Factors in the Regeneration of English Seaside Resorts

by Liam Richardson, Anya Chapman and Duncan Light

Tour. Hosp. 2025, 6(3), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6030142 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

This paper focuses on regeneration projects in ‘first-generation’ seaside resorts in England from the perspective of those leading and managing such projects. There have been numerous recent initiatives intended to revive seaside resorts and enable them to regain competitiveness, but limited analysis of [...] Read more.

This paper focuses on regeneration projects in ‘first-generation’ seaside resorts in England from the perspective of those leading and managing such projects. There have been numerous recent initiatives intended to revive seaside resorts and enable them to regain competitiveness, but limited analysis of what is necessary for such regeneration projects to be successful. This paper contributes to debates about the role of critical success factors (CSFs) in regeneration by identifying issues that apply to the specific context of seaside resorts. In-depth interviews were undertaken with ten managers responsible for individual projects focusing on the CSFs necessary for regeneration projects to succeed. Four such factors were identified: (1) the need to secure appropriate funding (and associated difficulties); (2) the importance of involving stakeholders (particularly the local authority and local community); (3) the need for a strong business plan (which must evolve as the project progresses); and (4) the importance of considering best practices elsewhere. The importance of each success factor varied by the sector (public/commercial/third) leading the regeneration initiative and varied at different stages of a regeneration project. These findings have practical implications for local authorities, commercial enterprises, and third-sector bodies in seaside destinations. Full article

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16 pages, 1945 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assembly and Comparative Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of Endangered Medicinal Plant Trichopus zeylanicus

by Biju Vadakkemukadiyil Chellappan, P. R. Shidhi, Anu Sasi, Rashid Ismael Hag Ibrahim and Hamad Abu Zahra

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(7), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47070553 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Plant mitochondrial genomes exhibit extensive size variability and structural complexity. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of Trichopus zeylanicus, an endemic medicinal plant from the Western Ghats. The mitochondrial genome was assembled using a combination of Illumina short-read and PacBio long-read [...] Read more.

Plant mitochondrial genomes exhibit extensive size variability and structural complexity. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of Trichopus zeylanicus, an endemic medicinal plant from the Western Ghats. The mitochondrial genome was assembled using a combination of Illumina short-read and PacBio long-read sequencing technologies, followed by extensive annotation and comparative analysis. The circular mitogenome spans 709,127 bp with a GC content of 46%, encoding 32 protein-coding genes, 17 tRNAs, and three rRNAs. Comparative analysis with other monocot mitochondrial genomes revealed conserved gene clusters but also significant lineage-specific rearrangements. Despite genome size similarities, T. zeylanicus displayed marked divergence in gene order, suggesting that genome size does not necessarily correlate with structural conservation. The genome contains 6.7% chloroplast-derived sequences and 324 predicted RNA-editing sites, predominantly in the first and second codon positions. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial genes placed T. zeylanicus as a distinct lineage within Dioscoreales, supporting its evolutionary uniqueness. This work provides the first mitogenomic resource for Dioscoreales and advances our understanding of mitochondrial diversity and evolution in monocots. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological Advances Around Next-Generation Sequencing Application)

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12 pages, 221 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Barriers to the Utilization of Research and Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice Among Nurses in Sabah, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Nadirah Sulaiman, Peter Seah Keng Tok, Juhanah Gimbo, Ammar Rafidah Saptu, Phylis Bridget Philip, Yau Kim Yain, Lilyiana Pengui, Drina Dalie and Norfairuziana Tinggal

Nurs. Rep. 2025, 15(7), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15070258 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Evidence-based practice (EBP) has been widely adopted in clinical nursing practice, with nursing education efforts consistently emphasizing its importance in strengthening implementation efforts. Despite these efforts to promote translational research, the level of implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in clinical nursing practice [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Evidence-based practice (EBP) has been widely adopted in clinical nursing practice, with nursing education efforts consistently emphasizing its importance in strengthening implementation efforts. Despite these efforts to promote translational research, the level of implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in clinical nursing practice remains unsatisfactory. This study aimed to identify specific organizational, individual, and research-related barriers to the utilization of research in clinical practice among nurses in Sabah, Malaysia, to determine factors associated with these perceived barriers and to assess nurses’ awareness and understanding of the implementation of evidence-based practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 using the BARRIERS scale, a validated tool that measures perceived barriers to the utilization of research across four domains: organizational barriers, nurses’ research awareness and values, quality of research, and research communication. This study involved nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Sabah, Malaysia. Results: A total of 562 nurses participated in the study, with a mean age of 34.3 years (SD = 7.96) and mean duration of clinical practice of 10.0 years (SD = 7.58). While 66.5% of the nurses had heard of EBP, only 7.3% reported understanding it very well. The top three barriers to the utilization of research were ‘the nurse does not feel she/he has enough authority to change patient care procedures’ (35.9%), ‘the nurse does not have time to read research’ (27.8%), and ‘research reports/articles are not published fast enough’ (25.8%). Among the four domains, organizational barriers scored highest (mean = 2.7, SD = 0.72), followed by research communication (mean = 2.6, SD = 0.73). Conclusions: The study findings emphasize the challenges nurses encounter in integrating research into clinical practice and highlight the need for ongoing efforts to promote the utilization of evidence-based practice and research among nurses in Sabah, while addressing the identified gaps. Full article

14 pages, 8916 KiB

Open AccessReview

Dens Invaginatus: A Comprehensive Review of Classification and Clinical Approaches

by Abayomi O. Baruwa, Craig Anderson, Adam Monroe, Flávia Cracel Nogueira, Luís Corte-Real and Jorge N. R. Martins

Medicina 2025, 61(7), 1281; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071281 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Dens invaginatus is a developmental dental anomaly characterized by the infolding of the enamel organ into the dental papilla during early odontogenesis. This process leads to a broad spectrum of anatomical variations, ranging from minor enamel-lined pits confined to the crown to deep [...] Read more.

Dens invaginatus is a developmental dental anomaly characterized by the infolding of the enamel organ into the dental papilla during early odontogenesis. This process leads to a broad spectrum of anatomical variations, ranging from minor enamel-lined pits confined to the crown to deep invaginations extending through the root, occasionally communicating with periodontal or periapical tissues. The internal complexity of affected teeth presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly in severe forms that mimic root canal systems or are associated with pulpal or periapical pathology. Maxillary lateral incisors are most frequently affected, likely due to their unique developmental timeline and morphological susceptibility. Although various classification systems have been proposed, Oehlers’ classification remains the most clinically relevant due to its simplicity and correlation with treatment complexity. Recent advances in diagnostic imaging, especially cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), have revolutionized the identification and classification of these anomalies. CBCT-based adaptations of Oehlers’ classification allow for the precise assessment of invagination extent and pulpal involvement, facilitating improved treatment planning. Contemporary therapeutic strategies now include calcium-silicate-based cement sealing materials, endodontic microsurgery for inaccessible anatomy, and regenerative endodontic procedures for immature teeth with necrotic pulps. Emerging developments in artificial intelligence, genetic research, and tissue engineering promise to further refine diagnostic capabilities and treatment options. Early detection remains critical to prevent complications such as pulpal necrosis or apical disease. A multidisciplinary, image-guided, and patient-centered approach is essential for optimizing clinical outcomes in cases of dens invaginatus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medicine and Dentistry: New Methods and Clinical Approaches—2nd Edition)

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25 pages, 732 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Accuracy-Aware MLLM Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in UAV-Assisted Satellite Edge Computing

by Huabing Yan, Hualong Huang, Zijia Zhao, Zhi Wang and Zitian Zhao

Drones 2025, 9(7), 500; https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9070500 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

This paper presents a novel framework for optimizing multimodal large language model (MLLM) inference through task offloading and resource allocation in UAV-assisted satellite edge computing (SEC) networks. MLLMs leverage transformer architectures to integrate heterogeneous data modalities for IoT applications, particularly real-time monitoring in [...] Read more.

This paper presents a novel framework for optimizing multimodal large language model (MLLM) inference through task offloading and resource allocation in UAV-assisted satellite edge computing (SEC) networks. MLLMs leverage transformer architectures to integrate heterogeneous data modalities for IoT applications, particularly real-time monitoring in remote areas. However, cloud computing dependency introduces latency, bandwidth, and privacy challenges, while IoT device limitations require efficient distributed computing solutions. SEC, utilizing low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), extends mobile edge computing to provide ubiquitous computational resources for remote IoTDs. We formulate the joint optimization of MLLM task offloading and resource allocation as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, minimizing latency and energy consumption while optimizing offloading decisions, power allocation, and UAV trajectories. To address the dynamic SEC environment characterized by satellite mobility, we propose an action-decoupled soft actor–critic (AD-SAC) algorithm with discrete–continuous hybrid action spaces. The simulation results demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms conventional deep reinforcement learning methods in convergence and system cost reduction compared to baseline algorithms. Full article

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13 pages, 309 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Need for Pediatric Palliative Care in Romania: A Retrospective Study (2022–2023) Based on Quantitative Research and Analysis of Secondary Statistical Data

by Mihaela Hizanu Dumitrache, Mădălina Duceac Covrig, Dana Elena Mîndru, Alina Plesea Condratovici, Geta Mitrea, Eva Maria Elkan, Antoanela Curici, Bogdan Gafton and Letiția Doina Duceac

Medicina 2025, 61(7), 1282; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071282 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Estimating the need for palliative care for children is a crucial step in addressing the needs of children facing life-threatening conditions, while providing a powerful argument to combat unacceptably wide disparities in access to care. The need for palliative [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Estimating the need for palliative care for children is a crucial step in addressing the needs of children facing life-threatening conditions, while providing a powerful argument to combat unacceptably wide disparities in access to care. The need for palliative care for children in Romania remains insufficiently quantified. More accurate estimates are indispensable to assess the true extent of need and to support adequate policy responses. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the need for pediatric palliative care in Romania for 2022–2023. We analyzed secondary data obtained from the General Directorates of Social Assistance and Child Protection (DGASPC) in 41 counties and the six sectors of Bucharest. The analysis focused on life-limiting conditions as defined by the WHO Annex 3, Order no. 253/2018. Results: The study identified 14,499 pediatric cases with palliative care needs, showing a highly uneven national distribution, especially across diagnostic groups and age categories. We observed a higher number of cases in rural areas (7553) compared with urban areas (6946). Our own data do not include resource estimates; however, prior reports indicate only 50 palliative care beds for children in Romania. Conclusions: This study reveals a substantial and unevenly distributed need for pediatric palliative care in Romania, with notable disparities across age groups, diagnostic categories, and urban-rural areas. The identification of 14,499 eligible cases underscores the urgency of developing targeted policies and allocating adequate resources to ensure equitable access to specialized palliative services for all children in need. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pediatrics)

34 pages, 17167 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Enhanced ABS Braking Control System with Autonomous Vehicle Stopping

by Mohammed Fadhl Abdullah, Gehad Ali Qasem and Mazen Farid

World Electr. Veh. J. 2025, 16(7), 400; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16070400 (registering DOI) - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

This study explores the design and implementation of a control system integrating the anti-lock braking system (ABS) with frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar technology to enhance safety and performance in autonomous vehicles. The proposed system employs a hybrid fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and [...] Read more.

This study explores the design and implementation of a control system integrating the anti-lock braking system (ABS) with frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar technology to enhance safety and performance in autonomous vehicles. The proposed system employs a hybrid fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to improve braking efficiency and vehicle stability under diverse driving conditions. Simulation results showed significant enhancements in stopping performance across various road conditions. The integrated system exhibited a marked improvement in braking performance, achieving significantly shorter stopping distances across all evaluated surface conditions—including dry concrete, wet asphalt, snowy roads, and icy roads—compared with scenarios without ABS. These results highlight the system’s ability to dynamically adapt braking forces to different conditions, significantly improving safety and stability for autonomous vehicles. The limitations are acknowledged, and directions for real-world validation are outlined to ensure system robustness under diverse environmental conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Modeling, Identification, and Advanced Control of Intelligent Electric Vehicles)

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