International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Background: This study is a preliminary study on an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) program that mitigates destructive experiential avoidance (DEA) behaviors, including self-harm behavior and addiction; Methods: Twenty participants aged 15–25 years who had confirmed DEA behavior within the last month participated in a total of six sessions of ACT. Demographic characteristics, history of psychiatric illness, and types and patterns of DEA behavior were confirmed in the baseline survey. The severity of clinical symptoms, frequency of DEA behavior and impulsivity, characteristics of experiential avoidance (EA) behavior, depression, and quality of life (QOL) were measured before and after the program for comparative statistical tests using the intention-to-treat method. Furthermore, the severity of clinical symptoms was evaluated after each program, along with the frequency of DEA behavior and trends in impulsivity, which were investigated based on the behavior log; Results: After the ACT program, both the frequency of DEA behavior and impulsivity and the severity of clinical symptoms, depression, and anxiety decreased significantly. Furthermore, among the EA characteristics, pain aversion, distraction and inhibition, and delayed behavior significantly improved. Moreover, the overall QOL, psychological and social relationships, and QOL regarding the environment also improved; Conclusions: The results of this feasibility study demonstrate the potential of the ACT program as an effective intervention in DEA behavior. The results of this study may be used as preliminary data for future large-scale randomized studies. Full article

Urban rail transit (URT) is a key mode of public transport, which serves for greatest user demand. Short-term passenger flow prediction aims to improve management validity and avoid extravagance of public transport resources. In order to anticipate passenger flow for URT, managing nonlinearity, correlation, and periodicity of data series in a single model is difficult. This paper offers a short-term passenger flow prediction combination model based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and long-short term memory neural network (LSTM) in order to more accurately anticipate the short-period passenger flow of URT. In the meantime, the hyperparameters of LSTM were calculated using the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO). First, CEEMDAN-IPSO-LSTM model performed the CEEMDAN decomposition of passenger flow data and obtained uncoupled intrinsic mode functions and a residual sequence after removing noisy data. Second, we built a CEEMDAN-IPSO-LSTM passenger flow prediction model for each decomposed component and extracted prediction values. Third, the experimental results showed that compared with the single LSTM model, CEEMDAN-IPSO-LSTM model reduced by 40 persons/35 persons, 44 persons/35 persons, 37 persons/31 persons, and 46.89%/35.1% in SD, RMSE, MAE, and MAPE, and increase by 2.32%/3.63% and 2.19%/1.67% in R and R², respectively. This model can reduce the risks of public health security due to excessive crowding of passengers (especially in the period of COVID-19), as well as reduce the negative impact on the environment through the optimization of traffic flows, and develop low-carbon transportation. Full article

Background: The kangaroo mother method (KMM) may benefit infants and mothers in many ways. However, few studies focused on its efficacy on maternal anxiety and stress, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To examine the effect of the kangaroo mother method (KMM) on postnatal stress and anxiety in mothers of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cohort study of two groups of 56 mother-infant dyads recruited from a neonatal intensive care unit was conducted. Two groups were compared in terms of the mean duration of KMM during the twelve days of the study: the intervention group (mean duration of more than ninety minutes per day) and the control group (less than ninety minutes). Maternal stress was measured using the Parental Stressor: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU) scale and STAI E/R questionnaire before and after intervention (KMM). Demographic and other maternal covariates were extracted from medical records. Daily NICU records were used to track the frequency and duration of KMM sessions. Results: Mothers of the intervention group scored lower on the PSS: NICU and STAI E/R, although no statistically significant differences were found (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Contrary to research based on biological and physiological parameters in newborns or performed before the COVID-19 pandemic, the differences found in applying subjective scales in mothers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic were not significant. Therefore, mothers’ perception of physical contact with their preterm infants may not have been as positive due to their fear of transmitting COVID. Full article

As part of the modern transport infrastructure, high-speed railways (HSRs) have been considered an important factor affecting eco-efficiency (EE). This study used multisource remote sensing and statistical data from 185 counties representing urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (UAMRYR) in China from 2009 to 2018. The study integrated ArcGIS analysis, the Super-SBM (super slack-based measure) model, and the DSPDM (dynamic spatial panel Durbin model) to explore the spatial effects of HSRs on EE. The results showed that the coordinates of the interannual centers of gravity for EE and HSRs both fell in the same county, possessing similar parameter values for the standard deviation elliptical, a negative spatial mismatch index, and obvious spatial mismatch characteristics. In different spatially dislocated areas, the spatial effects of HSRs on EE are variable. Overall, the short-term effects are more intense than the long-term effects, and both the long-term and short-term effects are dominated by the effects of spatial spillover. A new perspective is proposed to explore the green development effects of HSRs, with a view to providing policy implications for the enhancement of EE and the planning of HSRs. Full article

Introduction: Correct perioperative management of anticoagulant therapy is essential to prevent thromboembolic events and reduce the risk of bleeding. The lack of universally accepted guidelines makes perioperative anticoagulant therapy management difficult. The present study aims to identify the perioperative risks of oral anticoagulant therapy and to reduce adverse events through Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Materials and Methods: A multidisciplinary working group was set up, and four main phases of the process were identified. Each of these phases was divided into micro-activities to identify the related possible failure modes and their potential consequences. The Risk Priority Number was calculated for each failure mode. Results and Discussion: Seventeen failure modes were identified in the entire perioperative period; those with a higher priority of intervention concern the incorrect timing between therapy suspension and surgery, and the incorrect assessment of the bleeding risk related to the invasive procedure. Conclusion: The FMEA method can help identify anticoagulant therapy perioperative failures and implement the management and patient safety of surgical procedures. Full article

Leakage accidents at chemical facilities have a negative impact on both the environment and human life, and the government has established and implemented regulations on dikes in order to minimize such accidents. However, the overtopping phenomenon in which chemicals overflow the dike due to catastrophic leakage requires additional safeguards. In this study, the mitigation effect was confirmed by simulating tanks and dikes using various deflector plates to minimize the effect of spilled chemicals. ANSYS Fluent 19.1, a computational fluid dynamics program, was used, and the overtopping effect was compared with a dike design that satisfies the safety regulations using a volume of fluid (VOF) model that analyzes multiphase flow through a surface tracking technique. Nitric acid and sulfuric acid were used in the study; they were selected because they are frequently involved in leakage accidents. In the event of a leak in a liquid tank, a dike with a deflector plate was very effective in reducing overtopping, and a deflector at a 45° angle was more effective than a 30° deflector. However, it is necessary to install additional safeguards at the joint between the dike and the deflection plate to withstand the force of the liquid. Full article

The benefits of physical activity on health are widely known. However, the impact of physical activity on aging-in-place at home for older adults is unclear. Focusing on older adults who recently moved from home to a senior-living facility, this research explored the impact of walking on the ability to age-in-place. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey completed by residents in 12 assisted-living facilities in Houston, Texas. Controlling for significant personal factors, ANOVAs were applied. Non-Hispanic White older adults (N = 124) who used canes or no aids and engaged in 30 min to 1 h of walking per occurrence were able to remain in their homes for an average of 17.84 years after age 65, 1.85 years longer than their counterparts who walked less than 30 min per occurrence. Those who walked for more than an hour per occurrence remained at home for 22.71 years on average, 6.72 years longer than their counterparts (p ≤ 0.05). Engaging in neighborhood walking may help older adults maintain more years of aging-in-place at home. The findings have a direct impact on both public health programs and community design and planning strategies promoting aging-in-place. Full article

In recent years, Wearable Devices have been used in a wide variety of applications and fields, but because they span so many different disciplines, it is difficult to ascertain the intellectual structure of this entire research domain. No review encompasses the whole research domain related to Wearable Devices. In this study, we collected articles on wearable devices from 2001 to 2022 and quantitatively organized them by bibliometric analysis to clarify the intellectual structure of this research domain as a whole. The cluster analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and network centrality analysis were conducted on articles collected from the Web of Science. As a result, we identified one cluster that represents applied research and two clusters that represent basic research in this research domain. Furthermore, focusing on the top two countries contributing to this research domain, China and the USA., it was confirmed that China is extremely inclined toward basic research and the USA. toward applied research, indicating that applied and basic research are in balance. The basic intellectual structure of this cross-sectional research domain was identified. The results summarize the current state of research related to Wearable Devices and provide insight into trends. Full article

The effects of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) on a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced by D-galactose (D-gal) and aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) were investigated. Wistar rats were given an i.p. injection of 60 mg/kg D-gal and 10 mg/kg AlCl₃ to induce AD and three doses of 1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg 5-MTHF by oral gavage. A positive control group was treated with 1 mg/kg donepezil by gavage. Morris water maze performance showed that 5 and 10 mg/kg 5-MTHF significantly decreased escape latency and increased the number of platform crossings and time spent in the target quadrant for AD rats. The administration of 10 mg/kg 5-MTHF decreased the brain content of amyloid β-protein 1-42 (Aβ_1-42) and phosphorylated Tau protein (p-Tau) and decreased acetylcholinesterase and nitric oxide synthase activities. Superoxide dismutase activity, vascular endothelial growth factor level and glutamate concentration were increased, and malondialdehyde, endothelin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide decreased. The administration of 10 mg/kg 5-MTHF also increased the expression of disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 10 mRNA and decreased the expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 mRNA. In summary, 5-MTHF alleviates memory impairment in a D-gal- and AlCl₃-exposed rat model of AD. The inhibition of Aβ_1-42 and p-Tau release, reduced oxidative stress, the regulation of amyloid precursor protein processing and the release of excitatory amino acids and cytokines may be responsible. Full article

(1) Background: This study investigated how potential shifts in patients’ formal and informal care utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their informal caregivers in terms of their subjective burden, psychological wellbeing, and happiness. (2) Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was employed for a panel of Dutch informal caregivers of persons with mental health problems (n = 219) in June 2020. Descriptive statistics and differences between means were determined for the patients’ informal and care utilization and informal caregivers’ subjective burden, happiness, and psychological wellbeing. Three mediation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro. (3) Results: Informal caregivers reported significantly worse happiness and subjective burden scores during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before the lockdown. There were minimal shifts in patient’s care utilization reported, with the exception of a decrease in significant emotional and practical support provided by the informal caregiver. In the mediation analyses, there was not a significant indirect effect of shifts in patients’ formal care utilization on informal caregivers’ subjective burden, psychological wellbeing, and happiness through shifts in patients’ informal care utilization. (4) Discussion and conclusion: Whilst we found that shifts in patients’ care utilization during the first wave of the pandemic did not affect the informal caregiver in the short term, it is unclear what the long-term impact of the pandemic might be on informal caregivers. More research should be conducted to understand the implications of short- and long-term impact of substitution on informal caregivers of persons with mental health problems, with special consideration of the COVID-19 context and uptake of e-health technology. Full article

Global warming and world-wide climate change caused by increasing carbon emissions have attracted a widespread public attention, while anthropogenic activities account for most of these problems generated in the social economy. In order to comprehensively measure the levels of carbon emissions and carbon sinks in Anhui Province, the study adopted some specific carbon accounting methods to analyze and explore datasets from the following suggested five carbon emission sources of energy consumption, food consumption, cultivated land, ruminants and waste, and three carbon sink sources of forest, grassland and crops to compile the carbon emission inventory in Anhui Province. Based on the compiled carbon emission inventory, carbon emissions and carbon sink capacity were calculated from 2000 to 2019 in Anhui Province, China. Combined with ridge regression and scenario analysis, the STIRPAT model was used to evaluate and predict the regional carbon emission from 2020 to 2040 to explore the provincial low-carbon development pathways, and carbon emissions of various industrial sectors were systematically compared and analyzed. Results showed that carbon emissions increased rapidly from 2000 to 2019 and regional energy consumption was the primary source of carbon emissions in Anhui Province. There were significant differences found in the increasing carbon emissions among various industries. The consumption proportion of coal in the provincial energy consumption continued to decline, while the consumption of oil and electricity proceeded to increase. Furthermore, there were significant differences among different urban and rural energy structures, and the carbon emissions from waste incineration were increasing. Additionally, there is an inverted “U”-shape curve of correlation between carbon emission and economic development in line with the environmental Kuznets curve, whereas it indicated a “positive U”-shaped curve of correlation between carbon emission and urbanization rate. The local government should strengthen environmental governance, actively promote industrial transformation, and increase the proportion of clean energy in the energy production and consumption structures in Anhui Province. These also suggested a great potential of emission reduction with carbon sink in Anhui Province. Full article

Young people and women seem to suffer more from social restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic than do others. Findings from pre-pandemic surveys identified students as a specific risk group for developing anxiety and depressive symptoms. Recent studies have indicated that students especially denoted a decrease in mental health during the pandemic. In a sample of n = 1938 university students (67.6% female), we investigated protective factors that are associated with mental health (defined as the absence of any mental disorder) and more specifically, the absence of major depression during the pandemic despite social restrictions. Investigated protective factors were social support, sense of coherence and situational coping strategies. The results of the multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that male gender, high sense of coherence and specific coping strategies could be identified to be associated with mental health in general and the absence of major depression. Protective coping strategies that were related to mental health in general were lower substance use, lower behavioral disengagement, higher positive reframing and lower self-blame. Protective coping strategies that were associated with the absence of major depression specifically were higher use of instrumental support, lower substance use, lower behavioral disengagement, higher positive reframing, higher emotional support, lower self-blame and lower humor. Social support was related to the absence of major depression, but not to mental health in general. Higher age in university students was associated with better mental health, but not with the absence of major depression specifically. These findings indicate that sense of coherence and situational coping strategies can buffer the adverse effect of social restrictions on mental health and thus, can serve as important resilience factors. Moreover, they highlight the political relevance of promoting specific coping strategies to foster mental health in students encompassing adverse events and social restrictions. Full article

Working from home comes with many benefits. However, employees are often exposed to various stressors when working outside of the traditional workplace environment. The subjective experience of these stressors is related to one’s perception of the situation and the perceived resources available. As working from home has become the new normal for many during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is in the interest of companies to provide employees with tools to cope with these stressors. One such tool is online mindfulness training. This study investigates how a four-week online mindfulness training influences an individual’s mindfulness skills, subjective perception, and processing of stressors. Forty participants working from home at the time of the study were examined in a pre-test using a pre-post design in which the experimental group participated in a four-week online training course in mindfulness. Since the results showed a significantly reduced subjective perception of stress in the experimental group after mindfulness training, a long-term study was conducted including 40 additional participants. The study revealed a training success of at least three months. It thus introduces new possibilities for effective stress management in all workplace settings. Full article

Smart city construction plays an important role in environmental governance and public health. Based on the panel data of 216 prefecture-level cities across China during the period 2009–2018, this study uses the multi-time difference-in-differences method to evaluate the haze reduction effect of smart city construction. The estimated results demonstrate that the construction of smart cities can reduce haze pollution in pilot cities significantly. The main conduction mechanisms are the technical effects and the environmental regulatory effects that promote the reduction of corporate emissions. The heterogeneity analyses show that the haze reduction effect of smart city construction is more evident in southern cities, inland cities and resource-efficient cities. In addition, the benefit analyses show that smart cities can reduce the carbon emission intensity and promote economic growth. These results provide empirical support for accelerating the construction of a new type of smart city and building a new type of people-oriented urbanization. Full article

The present study aimed to examine the changes that occurred in vertical jump and isokinetic dynamometer (ISK) performances at the beginning of a preparatory period (PRE) and at the start of the competitive period (POST). Sixteen U-17 elite female volleyball players, from a national level (15.34 ± 1.19 years; 66.35 ± 7.95 kg; 169.22 ± 24.79 cm), performed bilateral squat jump (SJ), bilateral and unilateral countermovement jump (CMJ) and unilateral ISK tests for knee flexors (Fl) and extensors (Ex) both at 60°/s and at 300°/s. Peak torque (PT) and the hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio were assessed by concentric actions. Asymmetries were calculated by the percentage differences between dominant (DOM) and nondominant legs (NDOM). The paired Student’s t-test was used for comparisons at a level of significance of 5%. The effect size was also calculated. A significant increase was found for both SJ (15%; p = 0.004; ES = 0.82) and CMJ (12%; p = 0.017; ES = 0.62). The PT of NDOM flexors at 60°/s was significantly lower than DOM both at PRE (4.6%; p = 0.048; ES = −0.22) and POST (6.3%; p = 0.037; ES = −0.33). The NDOM extensors at 60°/s had a significantly lower PT than DOM at POST (7.0%; p = 0.048; ES = −0.23). Both DOM and NDOM flexors at 60°/s had a PT enhancement at POST related to PRE (6.7%; p = 0.031; ES = 0.51 and 5.6%; p = 0.037; ES = 0.48, respectively). The PT of NDOM extensors at 300°/s increased at POST in comparison to PRE (7.9%; p = 0.038; ES = 0.27). The NDOM at 300°/s had a H:Q ratio higher than DOM both in PRE and POST (8.6%; p = 0.041; ES = 0.37 and 11.6%; p = 0.013; ES = 0.71, respectively), and the highest H:Q ratios were lower than the reference values (<80%). The asymmetry of the unilateral CMJ was higher at POST than at PRE (102%; p = 0.03; ES = 0.81). The PT for the flexors at 300°/s and the H:Q ratio at POST exceeded 10%. In conclusion, a training program of 15 weeks increased the neuromuscular performance of young volleyball athletes, but many H:Q ratios and asymmetries remained out of the normal recommendation. Volleyball professionals should carefully apply an adequate training program to enhance physical fitness performance without increasing the risk of lower limb injuries concurrently. Full article

(1) Importance: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is complex and only partially understood. Analyzing the relationship between other more treatable or preventable diseases and AD may help in the prevention and the eventual development of treatments for AD. Risk estimation in a high-risk population, rather than a population already affected with AD, may reduce some bias in risk estimates. (2) Objective: To examine the rates of various comorbidities and cancers in individuals at high-risk for AD, but without a clinical diagnosis, relative to individuals from the same population with normal AD risk. (3) Design, Setting, and Participants: We conducted a study using data from the Utah Population Database (UPDB). The UPDB contains linked data from the Utah Cancer Registry, Utah death certificates, the Intermountain Health patient population, and the University of Utah Health patient population. Subjects were selected based on the availability of ancestral data, linked health information, and self-reported biometrics. (4) Results: In total, 75,877 participants who were estimated to be at high risk for AD based on family history, but who did not have an active AD diagnosis, were analyzed. A lower incidence of diabetes (RR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.92,0.97], p < 0.001), hypertension (RR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.95,0.99], p < 0.001), and heart disease (RR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.93,0.98], p < 0.001) was found. There was no difference in rates of cerebrovascular disease or other forms of dementia. Of the 15 types of cancer analyzed: breast (RR = 1.23, 95% CI [1.16, 1.30], p < 0.001); colorectal (RR = 1.30, 95% CI [1.21, 1.39], p < 0.001); kidney (RR = 1.49, 95% CI (1.29, 1.72), p < 0.001); lung (RR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.13, 1.37], p < 0.001); non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (RR = 1.29, 95% CI [1.15, 1.44], p < 0.001); pancreas (RR = 1.34, 95% CI [1.16, 1.55], p < 0.001); stomach (RR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.36, 1.86], p < 0.001); and bladder (RR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.25, 1.56], p < 0.001), cancers were observed in significant excess among individuals at high-risk for AD after correction for multiple testing. (5) Conclusions and Relevance: Since age is the greatest risk factor for the development of AD, individuals who reach more advanced ages are at increased risk of developing AD. Consistent with this, people with fewer comorbidities earlier in life are more likely to reach an age where AD becomes a larger risk. Our findings show that individuals at high risk for AD have a decreased incidence of various other diseases. This is further supported by our finding that our high-risk group was also found to have an increased incidence of various cancers, which also increase in risk with age. There is the possibility that a more meaningful or etiological relationship exists among these various comorbidities. Further research into the etiological relationship between AD and these comorbidities may elucidate these possible interactions. Full article

Objective: To investigate the most common physical examination tests (PET) for the screening for referral of patients with back or chest pain caused by serious pathology. Methods: A systematic review was conducted. Searches were performed on seven electronic databases between June 2020 and December 2021. Only studies evaluating patients with back and/or chest pain with clear reporting of PETs and prompt patient referrals were included. Results: 316 full texts were included. Only 26 of them described suspicion of serious disease due to at least one positive PET, and these studies had a total of 474 patients. Cardiac/pulmonary auscultation and heartbeats/blood pressure measurements were the most frequently reported tests. None of the reported studies included physiotherapists and chiropractors who reported the use of various tests, such as: cardiac and pulmonary auscultation, lung percussion, costovertebral angle tenderness, and lymph node palpation, highlighting a lack of attention in measuring vital parameters. On the contrary, doctors and nurses reported the assessment of the range of motion of the thoracolumbar spine and hip less frequently. Conclusions: Appropriate reporting of PETs is sparse, and their utilization is heterogeneous among different healthcare professionals. Further primary studies are needed to describe PETs results in patients suffering from back and/or chest pain. Full article

A large number of temporary housings (THs) were used in the Yanqing zone of the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. Taking a kind of container house (CH) used in Yanqing zone as a model, the objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of insulation thickness on heating energy consumption and corresponding carbon emission. The effect of service life of THs on economic thickness was also discussed. The simulation model was developed using EnergyPlus and the heating energy consumption with different insulation materials was simulated based on the meteorological parameters of the top of Xiaohaituo Mountain (2177.5 m) and the Olympic/Paralympic Village (950 m) in Yanqing zone. In the simulation process, the thermal insulation performance of the CH was enhanced with reference to the requirements of GB/T 51350-2019 Technical Standard for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) on one hand. Additionally, the insulation performance was evaluated in terms of payback period and carbon emission. On the other hand, the economic thickness of different insulation materials (rock wool (RW), extruded polystyrene (XPS), polyurethane (PU)) and the high performance vacuum insulation panel (HVIP)) for different service lives of CH was studied. Results show that the U-values of the envelope meeting the NZEB standard can decrease approximately 21.4–32.8% of the heating energy consumption, compared with the original envelope. When the service life of CH is extended to 20 years, the carbon emission is reduced by 18.5% and 29.5%. The payback period of HVIP is longest, up to 31.4 a, and the results of economic thickness show that when the service life of the CH ranges from 1 year to 20 years, the economic thickness range of RW is 47–235 mm, XPS is 41–197 mm, PU is 33–149 mm and HVIP is 4–18 mm at the altitude of 2177.5 m. At the altitude of 950 m, the economic thickness range of RW is 28–158 mm, XPS is 26–131 mm, PU is 25–118 mm, and HVIP is 2–12 mm. From an economic point of view, the service life of a CH has a significant impact on the choice of insulation thickness. Full article

This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to assess male and female athletes’ perceived weight and shape pressure from coaches and establish its psychometric properties. Exploratory factor analysis (N = 412 in each female sample 1 and 2) provided evidence for 4 scales for female athletes and 3 scales for male athletes which were confirmed in confirmatory factor analysis (N = 260 in each male sample 1 and 2). For both females and males, KMO testing and Bartlett’s test of sphericity indicated that the sampling was adequate and survey items were appropriate for factor analysis. Additionally, all scales for both sexes had strong factor loadings (≥0.65), good Cronbach alpha coefficients (>0.70), and made contextual sense. The magnitude of difference results were indicative of a stable factor structure. Goodness-of-fit indicators were all in the expected direction. Good convergent validity was demonstrated. The questionnaire’s excellent psychometric properties and novelty make it a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners. This questionnaire has the potential to identify training needs in coaching staff, as well as to identify athletes who may benefit from support and guidance for effectively coping with pressure from coaches. Full article