International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

17 pages, 295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

by Beate Muschalla

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020160 (registering DOI) - 25 Jan 2025

Abstract

Work anxiety is a specific mental health problem that is often associated with sick leave and negative work perception. Until now, there has been hardly any evidence on the more general psychological characteristics of work-anxious people, i.e., in terms of life values, life [...] Read more.

Work anxiety is a specific mental health problem that is often associated with sick leave and negative work perception. Until now, there has been hardly any evidence on the more general psychological characteristics of work-anxious people, i.e., in terms of life values, life satisfaction, work coping, and activity level. Learning more about these cognitive and behavioral characteristics is, however, of interest for preventive action. This present study investigates these characteristics in people with and without mental health problems and with and without work anxiety comparatively. A representative sample of 2131 persons from the German general population of working age (18–70 years old, considering that many people wish to continue work after official retirement at age 67) were investigated via an interview and self-rating questionnaire. People with work anxiety have more work participation problems in terms of unemployment (8–20% of work-anxious were presently unemployed vs. 3–10% of those without work anxiety) and sick leave (1.6–7.0 weeks in the past 12 months vs. 1.2–4.8 weeks) compared with people without work anxiety. People with work anxiety show specific patterns of negative ratings of work-associated life satisfaction (work and colleagues) and place increased value on power and the need for control. In non-work-related life domains (neighbors, friends, and environment), there are smaller satisfaction differences between people with and without work anxiety. In conclusion, work anxiety is a specific mental health problem that is associated with specific work-related participation and life satisfaction problems (partly different from people with general mental health problems). Work anxiety must be specifically assessed in order to enable preventive or interventive action. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bullying and Psychological Distress in Workplace)

13 pages, 1424 KiB

Open AccessReview

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Photobiomodulation After Third Molar Extraction for Pain Control

by Thalita Molinos Campos, Mayra Costanti Vilela Campos, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferari, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, Cinthya Cosme Gutierrez Duran, Alexandre Padilha, Aldo Brugnera Júnior, Samir Nammour, Ricardo Scarparo Navarro, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes and Lara Jansiski Motta

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020159 (registering DOI) - 25 Jan 2025

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of photobiomodulation applied after third molar extraction. Materials and Methods: To evaluate cost-effectiveness, 15 studies were selected for a systematic review and 8 studies for a meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of photobiomodulation after surgery. In [...] Read more.

This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of photobiomodulation applied after third molar extraction. Materials and Methods: To evaluate cost-effectiveness, 15 studies were selected for a systematic review and 8 studies for a meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of photobiomodulation after surgery. In the present study, as a measure of effectiveness, the pain scale (visual analog scale) was used. The laser value was extracted from the Unified Terminology of Supplementary Health (Brazilian Health System) according to the laser application protocol most common among the clinical trials selected for the meta-analysis. As for drugs, they were determined from those most used among the works included in the meta-analysis and within the protocols established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results: The results of the overall analysis show a significant reduction in pain on the second day after surgery for the experimental group compared to the control (MD, −1.15; 95% CI, −1.73, −0.57). The control group has a lower cost and lower effectiveness, while laser treatment has a higher cost and higher effectiveness. Faced with this situation, the professional must clinically assess whether the cost of USD 34.62 for controlled pain intensity using the laser is worth the extra health benefit. Conclusions: Regarding the cost-effectiveness assessment, the control group has a lower cost and lower effectiveness, while laser treatment has a higher cost and higher effectiveness The decision of which treatment to choose must consider whether the cost of the therapeutic alternative outweighs the clinical gain caused by the treatment. Clinical Relevance: One of the most executed procedures in dentistry is the extraction of third molars. To reduce the negative post-surgical effects, anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed, which can generate unwanted effects. Photobiomodulation is a technique to modulate inflammation, accelerate tissue repair, and reduce pain and discomfort in different clinical situations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cost-of-Illness and Cost-Effectiveness in Disease Management)

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14 pages, 825 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Poison Center Surveillance of Occupational Incidents with Hazardous Materials (2016–2023): Insights for Risk Mitigation and Incident Preparedness

by Anja P. G. Wijnands, Arjen Koppen, Irma de Vries, Dylan W. de Lange and Saskia J. Rietjens

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020158 (registering DOI) - 25 Jan 2025

Abstract

Incidents involving hazardous materials (HAZMAT incidents) can impact human health and the environment. For the development of risk mitigation strategies, it is essential to understand the circumstances of such incidents. A retrospective study (2016–2023) of acute occupational HAZMAT incidents involving multiple patients (>1, [...] Read more.

Incidents involving hazardous materials (HAZMAT incidents) can impact human health and the environment. For the development of risk mitigation strategies, it is essential to understand the circumstances of such incidents. A retrospective study (2016–2023) of acute occupational HAZMAT incidents involving multiple patients (>1, including workers, emergency responders and bystanders) reported to the Dutch Poisons Information Center was conducted. We only included incidents that occurred during the performance of work or as a result of a disruption of a work-related process. Patient characteristics, exposure circumstances (such as the substances involved, chemical phase, and type of release (e.g., spill/release or fire/explosion)) and business classes were analyzed to identify risk factors. From 2016 to 2023, the DPIC was consulted about 516 HAZMAT incidents. Inhalation was the most common route of exposure (89%). Patients were often exposed to chemical asphyxiants (n = 156) and acids (n = 151). Most incidents occurred in fixed facilities (n = 447), while 49 incidents occurred during transport. The primary cause was a spill/release (n = 414), followed by a fire/explosion (n = 65). Most patients were exposed to a gas/vapor (n = 421), followed by a liquid (n = 59) or solid (n = 28). Incidents frequently occurred in industry (20%). The majority of patients reported mild to moderate health effects. Surveillance data on HAZMAT incidents are essential for incident preparedness. Poison Center data can help identify risk factors, which can be used to develop risk mitigation strategies to prevent future incidents. Full article

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35 pages, 449 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Non-Genital Physical Disease: An Umbrella Review

by Charlotte Leemans, Stephan Van den Broucke and Céline Jeitani

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020157 - 24 Jan 2025

Abstract

Many primary studies and reviews have been published on the influence of chronic diseases (CDs) on sexual dysfunction (SD), but CDs not involving the genitals are less well represented in the literature. Aim: To determine the prevalence of SD in patients with non-genital [...] Read more.

Many primary studies and reviews have been published on the influence of chronic diseases (CDs) on sexual dysfunction (SD), but CDs not involving the genitals are less well represented in the literature. Aim: To determine the prevalence of SD in patients with non-genital CD and assess the overall impact on sexual functioning. Methods: An umbrella review was performed of published systematic reviews on the relationship between the occurrence of CDs not involving the genitals and patients’ sexual functioning, following the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, Scopus, and CINAHL were used to find publications for inclusion in the review, with two independent researchers performing the search and selection of articles, data extraction, and quality assessment. The relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence was used as an indicator of the association between CD and SD across studies. The quality of studies included in the review was assessed using Amstar-2. Outcomes: Forty-three systematic reviews, thirty of which included a meta-analysis, met the inclusion criteria, representing a total of 880,586 patients (756,629 (85.9%) men, 68,388 (7.8%) women, and 55,569 (6.3%) unspecified). Results: Among men, CD is associated with erectile dysfunction, and among females, with lower levels of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction and with increased pain during intercourse. For both men and women, depression, anxiety, and fatigue are also reported, while women with CD are more affected by a poor body image than men. Clinical implications: Patients with CD, especially females, should be more routinely assessed for the impact of their condition on sexual functioning. The impact of CD on men’s sexuality has been extensively studied in terms of erectile capacity, but other aspects of their sexuality are largely neglected. Strengths and limitations: This is the first umbrella review to bring together the documented findings regarding sexual dysfunction among patients with various non-genital CDs. While the heterogeneity of the CDs makes the study unique and clinically relevant, it renders the interpretation of the results more difficult. The overrepresentation of men in existing studies reflects the current state of research but limits the applicability of the findings for women. Conclusion: Women and men with non-genital CDs can suffer from SD or reduced sexual function. Health professionals should pay more attention to managing these sexual disorders, even when the disease does not affect the genitals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing One Health Approaches for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: Transdisciplinary Perspectives)

12 pages, 342 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Measuring Navigational Health Literacy in Russia: Validation of the HLS₁₉-NAV-RU

by Oxana Drapkina, Artemii Molosnov, Denis Tyufilin, Maria Lopatina, Viktor Medvedev, Valeriya Chigrina, Olga Kobyakova, Ivan Deev, Lennert Griese, Doris Schaeffer, Robert Griebler, Polina Tuillet and Anna Kontsevaya

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020156 - 24 Jan 2025

Abstract

Structures and regulations of healthcare systems in many countries have become increasingly complex and difficult for patients and users to navigate. Thus, more than ever before, navigational health literacy (NAV-HL) is needed by patients. There are no data on NAV-HL in Russia due [...] Read more.

Structures and regulations of healthcare systems in many countries have become increasingly complex and difficult for patients and users to navigate. Thus, more than ever before, navigational health literacy (NAV-HL) is needed by patients. There are no data on NAV-HL in Russia due to the lack of suitable concepts and measuring tools. Therefore, the study aimed to validate the HLS₁₉ navigational health literacy assessment tool (HLS₁₉-NAV) for the Russian-speaking population. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the validation process, including a comprehensibility check and psychometric analysis. Overall, the results of the HLS₁₉-NAV-RU validation demonstrate the partial validity of the NAV-HL tool in the Russian language. Nevertheless, the instrument can be recommended for further research and use in health literacy studies in Russia. Full article

12 pages, 830 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Before Helene’s Landfall: Analysis of Disaster Risk Perceptions and Preparedness Assessment in the Southeastern United States in 2023

by Young-Rock Hong, Haoran Chu, Zhigang Xie and Francis Dalisay

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020155 - 24 Jan 2025

Abstract

Hurricane Helene’s catastrophic impact on the Southeastern United States highlighted the critical importance of disaster preparedness. This study analyzes data from FEMA’s 2023 National Household Survey to examine pre-Helene disaster risk perception and preparedness levels among residents of six Southeastern states: Florida, Georgia, [...] Read more.

Hurricane Helene’s catastrophic impact on the Southeastern United States highlighted the critical importance of disaster preparedness. This study analyzes data from FEMA’s 2023 National Household Survey to examine pre-Helene disaster risk perception and preparedness levels among residents of six Southeastern states: Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Our aim was to assess baseline preparedness and gain insights that could inform future disaster planning. The analysis revealed significant inter-state variations in risk perceptions, with Florida residents showing the highest awareness (84% believing a disaster was likely or very likely) and Virginia residents the lowest (63%). Perceived primary threats varied geographically, with hurricanes dominating concerns in coastal states (78% in Florida) and tornadoes in inland areas (68% in Georgia). Despite these differences, concerns about losing access to essential services during disasters were consistent across all states, with over 60% of residents extremely concerned about energy and food/shelter disruptions. While self-reported confidence in disaster preparedness was high across all states, there was a notable discrepancy between this confidence and residents’ estimated ability to manage without power or water. For instance, only 47% of Florida residents believed they could manage without power for more than one week despite their high-risk perception. Home or renters’ insurance coverage ranged from 65% in Florida to 77% in South Carolina. Hazard-specific insurance varied widely, with hurricane insurance coverage at 53% in Florida compared to about 12% in Tennessee. Our findings provide timely insights into the state of disaster preparedness in the wake of Helene, emphasizing more need for tailored, region-specific approaches to disaster preparedness and risk communication. The discrepancies between perceived and actual preparedness highlighted by this study can inform more effective strategies for enhancing community resilience in the face of increasing extreme weather events driven by climate change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Global Health)

27 pages, 2053 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating Older Adults’ Response to Climate Change

by Qing Ni, Hua Dong, Antonios Kaniadakis, Zhili Wang and Chang Ge

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020154 - 24 Jan 2025

Abstract

Older adults are both vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and uniquely positioned to contribute to climate action. However, their ability and willingness to engage vary significantly due to health disparities, financial constraints, and cultural factors. To ensure inclusivity, climate policies must [...] Read more.

Older adults are both vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and uniquely positioned to contribute to climate action. However, their ability and willingness to engage vary significantly due to health disparities, financial constraints, and cultural factors. To ensure inclusivity, climate policies must reflect these differences and empower older adults to participate effectively. This research focused on 30 London-based older adults aged 60–85 (18 women, 12 men) selected via purposive sampling and stratified by gender and climate awareness. All participants were interested in climate issues and engaged in seven small focus groups facilitated by two researchers. Discussions addressed climate perceptions, low-carbon behaviors, and policy recommendations. The findings reveal that tailored communication, featuring simplified language and visual materials, resonates deeply with older adults, fostering better understanding and emotional connection. Participants highlighted practical low-carbon actions they already undertake, such as energy conservation, food waste reduction, and public transport use. They also proposed innovative strategies for promoting climate awareness, including integrating cultural and emotional elements, encouraging intergenerational learning, and providing economic incentives for green practices. To enhance the engagement of older adults in climate action, governments and corporations should develop inclusive communication strategies, provide financial support for adopting green technologies, and foster intergenerational collaboration to share knowledge and experiences in the communities. This study amplifies the voices of older adults in climate discourse, offering actionable insights for shaping communication strategies and policies. While this study provides valuable insights into older adults’ contributions to climate action, future research could expand the sample size and geographic diversity to enhance the generalizability of findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Global Health)

10 pages, 377 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cross-Sectional Relationships Between Gender, Disordered Eating Behaviors, and Suicide Among High Schoolers in Colorado

by Avery M. Anderson, Sophie Rosenberg, Heather E. Schier, Sarah K. Eskew, Scott B. Harpin, Ashley Brooks-Russell and Christina J. Sun

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020152 - 24 Jan 2025

Abstract

Though transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth are disproportionately affected by suicide and disordered eating, little research has explored the relationship between the two using state-level data. This exploratory study examined whether disordered eating behaviors moderate the observed relationship between gender and suicide [...] Read more.

Though transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth are disproportionately affected by suicide and disordered eating, little research has explored the relationship between the two using state-level data. This exploratory study examined whether disordered eating behaviors moderate the observed relationship between gender and suicide among adolescents. Multivariate logistic regression was performed on the population-based 2023 Healthy Kids Colorado Survey (HKCS) data (N = 49,989) to test whether the odds of suicide ideation and attempt differed by gender groups, and modeling was carried out to examine the moderation of these relationships by disordered eating behaviors. Additionally, analyses were replicated among only gender minority groups (n = 2486). Compared to cismale students, the prevalence of disordered eating was higher among all other gender identities. There was a significantly higher risk of suicidal ideation and attempts among transfemale, transmale, nonbinary and gender-questioning students. Disordered eating did not significantly moderate the relationship between gender and suicide outcomes. These findings underscore the heightened vulnerability of TGD youth to disordered eating and suicidal behaviors while suggesting that disordered eating may not be a pathway through which gender relates to suicide outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health Assessments, Chronic Disease and Health Psychology)

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17 pages, 307 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perception of COVID-19 Vaccination and Uptake Willingness in Northern Nigeria: Understanding Strategies to Optimize Coverage

by Chris Chukwunyere Njoku, Judith Ifunanya Ani and Kezia Batisai

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020153 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: Vaccination is a proven and safe method for combating COVID-19; however, coverage remains low in many low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria. There is also a lack of contextual evidence regarding the public perception of and willingness to receive vaccines. This study [...] Read more.

Background: Vaccination is a proven and safe method for combating COVID-19; however, coverage remains low in many low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria. There is also a lack of contextual evidence regarding the public perception of and willingness to receive vaccines. This study aims to contribute to efforts to optimize the vaccination coverage and improve public health in northern Nigeria. Objective: This study investigated the perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination and willingness to uptake the vaccine in northern Nigeria, aiming to identify strategies for optimizing coverage and enhancing vaccination rates. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted across the Federal Capital Territory and five northern states in Nigeria. The survey assessed the respondents’ perceptions of COVID-19, their knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine, and their willingness to be vaccinated. Descriptive and inferential (multivariate logistic regression) statistical analyses were employed to characterize the population and identify predictors of vaccine uptake. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 28.00 years. The majority reported at least one piece of misinformation regarding COVID-19. While awareness of the vaccine was high, its actual uptake was low, and future willingness to receive the vaccine was also limited. Employment status emerged as a significant predictor of vaccine uptake, as determined through the multivariate analysis. Furthermore, collaboration with NGOs and community-based organizations (CBOs) was identified as the most effective strategy for enhancing vaccine uptake. Conclusions: This study found a concerningly low willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among participants in northern Nigeria. To address this issue, we recommend establishing partnerships with NGOs and CBOs, implementing extensive public awareness campaigns, and conducting community outreach programs. These efforts should focus on dispelling misinformation, building community trust, and promoting vaccine uptake through culturally appropriate communication materials. Full article

24 pages, 22550 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact and Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Applied to the Safety Training of Workers in Open-Cast Mining

by Antonella Pireddu, Alessandro Innocenti, Luca Maurizio Lusuardi, Vincenzo Santalucia and Carla Simeoni

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 151; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020151 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

This paper presents the results of an interactive virtual reality (VR) training program aimed at enhancing Health and Safety (H&S) management practices in quarrying operations. The course was designed based on industry best practices, as well as both voluntary and mandatory standards relevant [...] Read more.

This paper presents the results of an interactive virtual reality (VR) training program aimed at enhancing Health and Safety (H&S) management practices in quarrying operations. The course was designed based on industry best practices, as well as both voluntary and mandatory standards relevant to marble mining activities. It combines experiential learning with a performance monitoring system that tracks completion rates, time taken, and scores based on user decisions. The primary objective was to assess the impact of VR training across different user groups, categorized by age, prior safety experience, familiarity with equipment and processes, and VR proficiency. This study involved 40 participants and analyzed 15 variables, including occupation, age, H&S skills, process knowledge, equipment familiarity, VR skills, physical impact of VR, number of attempts before completion, percentage and time of completion, achieved scores, retention of knowledge, and user feedback before and after training. Performance measurement was carried out using two methods: a Microsoft Forms questionnaire with 16 questions, completed by participants one week after training, and Simula Solution, which automatically tracked and recorded performance metrics (time, percentage, errors, and scores) during each session. The survey successfully identified which demographic groups were most affected by VR training. The findings of this study could have important implications for improving H&S practices in the mining sector by empowering workers to engage in training and interact with process resources. This allows them to experience virtual accidents in a controlled, risk-free environment. Full article

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17 pages, 995 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations Between Traumatic Brain Injury Characteristics and Memory Outcomes: Insights from the Health and Retirement Study

by Eric S. Cerino, Monica R. Lininger, Thomasina J. Seaton, Gillian Porter and Julie A. Baldwin

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020150 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an established risk factor for accelerated cognitive decline and increased dementia risk. The specific characteristics of TBI (e.g., type of head trauma, presence of a gap in memory, age of onset) that confer the greatest risk to cognitive [...] Read more.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an established risk factor for accelerated cognitive decline and increased dementia risk. The specific characteristics of TBI (e.g., type of head trauma, presence of a gap in memory, age of onset) that confer the greatest risk to cognitive health remain comparatively less clear. Using data from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) experimental module, we examined associations between TBI characteristics and memory outcomes in a national adult lifespan sample. We tested whether the age of onset and presence of a memory gap in TBI resulting from a vehicle accident, from a fall or being hit, or from playing sports or playing on a playground were associated with self-rated memory and recall memory performance in a subsample of HRS respondents across the adult lifespan (N = 414, mean age = 66.28, SD = 9.70, 52% female). In cases where participants reported TBI from three different types of injury (vehicle accident, fall, and playing sports or playing on a playground), they shared whether they experienced a gap in their memory and their age when the head trauma occurred. Participants also reported on self-rated memory and performed a recall memory task. Hierarchical linear regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, education, and self-rated health. Older age of onset for TBI from a fall was associated with worse self-rated memory (Est. = −0.11, SE = 0.04, p = 0.01) and recall performance (Est. = −0.33, SE = 0.15, p = 0.03). Encountering a memory gap from the TBI that resulted from a vehicle accident (Est. = −0.22, SE = 0.10, p = 0.03), a fall (Est. = −0.23, SE = 0.09, p = 0.01), and from playing sports or playing on a playground (Est. = −0.40, SE = −0.13, p < 0.01) were all significantly associated with worse self-rated memory. Links between encountering a memory gap and recall performance were comparatively scant. Results indicate the impact of TBI on memory varies as a function of type of trauma, age of onset, and presence of memory gap from the head trauma. Our study takes a preclinical, preventative approach to inform public health efforts that target the mitigation of specific types of head trauma at different developmental phases of the lifespan. Full article

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20 pages, 319 KiB

Open AccessArticle

‘But Because I Don’t Know About It, That’s Why I Haven’t Done It’: Experiences of Access to Preventive Sexual and Reproductive Health Care for Refugee Women from Iraq and Syria Living in Melbourne, Australia—A Qualitative Study

by Natasha Davidson, Karin Hammarberg and Jane Fisher

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020149 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

Women from Syria and Iraq constitute two of the largest groups of humanitarian visa entrants to Australia in the past 10 years. Barriers to and enablers of preventive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) for these women are poorly understood. The aim of this [...] Read more.

Women from Syria and Iraq constitute two of the largest groups of humanitarian visa entrants to Australia in the past 10 years. Barriers to and enablers of preventive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) for these women are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to establish the preventive SRH care needs and experiences of women from refugee backgrounds from Syria and Iraq living in Australia. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted with women from Syria and Iraq living in Melbourne, Australia. Caseworkers assisted with recruitment and volunteer interpreters with interviews. Between 1 December 2021 and 17 May 2022, interviews were conducted in English or in Arabic with a volunteer interpreter. Audio recordings of English dialogue were transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse and report data. Eighteen women were interviewed. Six themes were identified: (1) Awareness and knowledge about preventive SRH, (2) Perceptions about the need for preventive SRH care seeking, (3) Self-care and lack of motivation to seek preventive SRH care, (4) Health information seeking, and (5) Barriers to and enablers of preventive SRH care. Complex factors were found to influence access to preventive SRH care. Enhancing educational initiatives, improving accessibility to reliable health information, and addressing structural and motivational barriers are important for fostering better preventive SRH outcomes. Full article

13 pages, 1379 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimized Aluminum Hydroxide Adsorption–Precipitation for Improved Viral Detection in Wastewater

by Karla Farmer-Diaz, Makeda Matthew-Bernard, Sonia Cheetham, Kerry Mitchell, Calum N. L. Macpherson and Maria E. Ramos-Nino

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020148 - 23 Jan 2025

Abstract

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a valuable tool for monitoring pathogen spread in communities; however, current protocols mainly target non-enveloped viruses. This study addresses the need for standardized methods to detect both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses by testing four aluminum hydroxide adsorption–precipitation techniques. Wastewater [...] Read more.

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a valuable tool for monitoring pathogen spread in communities; however, current protocols mainly target non-enveloped viruses. This study addresses the need for standardized methods to detect both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses by testing four aluminum hydroxide adsorption–precipitation techniques. Wastewater samples were spiked with an enveloped virus surrogate (Φ6 bacteriophage) and a non-enveloped virus surrogate (MS2 coliphage), and viral recovery was assessed using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The highest recovery for the enveloped virus was achieved with AlCl₃ at pH 3.5, a 15 min flocculation time, and a 3% elution solution concentration. For the non-enveloped virus, optimal recovery was found with AlCl₃ at pH 6.0, no flocculation time, and a 10% elution solution. The best method for recovering both virus types used AlCl₃ at pH 6.0, 15 min flocculation, and a 3% elution solution concentration. This study shows that while optimal conditions vary between virus types, a standardized AlCl₃ flocculation protocol can efficiently recover both, providing a cost-effective approach for outbreak monitoring in Grenada. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Health)

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8 pages, 287 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Population Behavior Regarding the Use of Face Masks to Prevent the Transmission of Respiratory Infections: Lessons to Be Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Lucia Ingridy Thorpe, Jefferson Renato Silverio da Silva, Simone Maria Muniz da Silva Bezerra, Marilia Perrelli Valença, Danielle Christine Moura dos Santos, Regina Celia de Oliveira, Fábia Maria de Lima, Claudia Santos Martiniano Sousa, Aurelio Molina da Costa, Rosilane de Lima Brito Magalhães and Isabel Cristina Ramos Vieira Santos

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020147 - 22 Jan 2025

Abstract

Historically, the use of a face mask has been associated with personal protection during epidemics. However, the type of mask used and the way it is used can affect the level of protection it provides. To analyze the practices of using face masks [...] Read more.

Historically, the use of a face mask has been associated with personal protection during epidemics. However, the type of mask used and the way it is used can affect the level of protection it provides. To analyze the practices of using face masks in the population in the Northeast of Brazil, a cross-sectional study was carried out, from December 2021 to February 2022, through interviews with 308 people at bus stops (simple random sample). Pearson’s Chi-square test was calculated to verify the association between exposure and outcome variables. The prevalence of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 was 21.4%. The most used type of mask was made of one- and two-layer fabric when compared to N-95 and a three-layer surgical mask and its use were associated with people in the age group of 18–39 years, an income less than four minimum wage and education level equivalent to elementary/secondary school. An association was found between the infrequent use of a mask in a public environment, removing or lowering the mask when coughing and not washing hands before removing the mask and the occurrence of clinical manifestations suggestive of COVID-19. This study showed that socioeconomic factors are associated with the type of face mask used by the population and that the hygiene behavior of face-mask users was also associated with the occurrence of clinical manifestations of COVID-19. This highlights the need for guidelines and educational strategies that address these aspects to better protect the population against possible respiratory epidemics, especially in countries with important risk factors related to the use of face masks, and highlights the need for clear and objective guidelines and educational strategies to better protect the population against possible epidemics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Advances in Nursing Practice in Latin America)

19 pages, 5709 KiB

Open AccessReview

Global Perspectives on Obesity and Being Overweight: A Bibliometric Analysis in Relation to Sustainable Development Goals

by Natália Ueda Yamaguchi, Letícia de Almeida, Rúbia Carvalho Gomes Corrêa, Rute Grossi Milani and Mirian Ueda Yamaguchi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020146 - 22 Jan 2025

Abstract

Obesity and being overweight are significant risk factors for diseases and disabilities, making it crucial to address malnutrition in all its forms to ensure health and well-being for all, as well as to achieve sustainable development. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of [...] Read more.

Obesity and being overweight are significant risk factors for diseases and disabilities, making it crucial to address malnutrition in all its forms to ensure health and well-being for all, as well as to achieve sustainable development. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of research on obesity in relation to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) using data from the Web of Science database from 2015 to 2024 and the VOSviewer software. The findings revealed that while research on obesity and SDGs has grown slowly, SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) is predominant in the literature. This study highlighted the fragmentation of research due to the complex, multifactorial nature of obesity, emphasizing the need for a more holistic approach. Furthermore, international collaborations were found to be vital for advancing research and formulating effective public policies. This analysis also identified gaps in the research related to several SDGs, including education (SDG 4), affordable and clean energy (SDG 7), and partnerships (SDG 17), suggesting the need for a broader, more holistic approach. Additionally, emerging research related to SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) underscores the importance of urban environments in tackling obesity. In conclusion, future research should adopt an interdisciplinary approach to address these gaps and contribute to advancing the 2030 Agenda. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition-, Overweight- and Obesity-Related Health Issues)

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20 pages, 928 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genetic Perception Versus Nutritional Factors: Analyzing the Indigenous Baduy Community’s Understanding of Stunting as a Health Issue

by Liza Diniarizky Putri, Herlina Agustin, Iriana Bakti and Jenny Ratna Suminar

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020145 - 22 Jan 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the challenges and opportunities in addressing public health issues in the context of stunting in the Baduy community. Baduy is a remote indigenous group in Indonesia. The Indonesian government and NGOs such as SRI and Dompet Dhuafa have attempted to [...] Read more.

This study investigates the challenges and opportunities in addressing public health issues in the context of stunting in the Baduy community. Baduy is a remote indigenous group in Indonesia. The Indonesian government and NGOs such as SRI and Dompet Dhuafa have attempted to abolish stunting. However, factors such as cultural aspects, communication gaps, and logistic problems prevent the optimization of health interventions. Midwives and other health workers have yet to win the community’s trust and provide quality services, but the lack of sustainable solutions further worsens their problem. This studyhighlights the urgency of culturally appropriate, long-term strategies that stay within the unique Baduy lifestyle and belief system, including integrating the tribal leaders into health campaigns. This study also seeks to explain the role of modern healthcare in the Baduy community, particularly the functional acceptance of modern medicine due to its effectiveness in treating severe health problems. However, controversies regarding access to healthcare for Indigenous peoples, especially regarding government resources for care in urban centers, reveal broader issues of healthcare equity in Indonesia. The study finds the need to advocate improved and culturally sensitive interventions, particularly in health communication and government support, to ensure sustainable improvements in public health for Indigenous peoples such as the Baduy. Full article

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20 pages, 322 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Caregivers’ Experience of Supporting Deaf Adults with Mental Health Disorders in Ghana

by Wisdom Kwadwo Mprah, Maxwell Peprah Opoku, Ebenezer Mensah Gyimah, Shakila Nur, Juventus Duorinaah, Lilian Frimpomaa and Maria Efstratopoulou

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020144 - 22 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: Caregivers play a crucial role in the support and management of individuals experiencing mental health disorders; however, there is a paucity of research concerning the experiences of caregivers of deaf persons diagnosed with any form of mental disorder in Ghana. This study [...] Read more.

Background: Caregivers play a crucial role in the support and management of individuals experiencing mental health disorders; however, there is a paucity of research concerning the experiences of caregivers of deaf persons diagnosed with any form of mental disorder in Ghana. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of these caregivers, with a particular focus on their perceptions of mental health, available support systems, challenges encountered, and the consequent impact on familial relationships while supporting this underserved population. Method: This qualitative study engaged eleven family caregivers of deaf adults diagnosed with a mental health disorders made up of ten females and one male aged 45–68 years, recruited across four of the sixteen administrative regions in Ghana. Utilizing a semi-structured interview guide, face-to-face interviews were conducted to gather in-depth narratives from the participants. Results: Thematic analysis of the data revealed several key themes, including the awareness and understanding of mental health disorders, availability and accessibility of mental health support services and training, dynamics of psychosocial and familial relationships, and the multifaceted challenges faced in caregiving for individuals with mental health disorders. Conclusion: The findings underscored an urgent need for the development of a specialized caregiving manual tailored for caregivers of deaf individuals experiencing mental health disorders. This study advocates for policymakers to prioritize the creation of such resources to enhance care delivery and improve overall mental health outcomes for this vulnerable population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resilient Caregivers: Exploring Mental Health Challenges and Support Systems for Families Caring for Individuals with Special Needs)

18 pages, 1049 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gender-Specific Patterns of Injury in Older Adults After a Fall from a Four-Wheeled Walker (Rollator): Retrospective Study from a Swiss Level 1 Trauma Centre

by Jolanta Klukowska-Rötzler, Fabian Graber, Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos, Mairi Ziaka and Dominik A. Jakob

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020143 - 22 Jan 2025

Abstract

Aim: As the population is aging, falls by older people, in particular falls from four-wheeled walkers (“rollators”), are a growing problem. These falls must be examined by targeted research and interventions that incorporate gender differences. Therefore, this study examined the injury patterns of [...] Read more.

Aim: As the population is aging, falls by older people, in particular falls from four-wheeled walkers (“rollators”), are a growing problem. These falls must be examined by targeted research and interventions that incorporate gender differences. Therefore, this study examined the injury patterns of elderly patients admitted to a tertiary trauma centre in Switzerland after falls from rollators and focussed on gender differences. Methods: This was a retrospective single-centre study for the period from May 2012 to December 2019 which included elderly patients (≥65 years) who had suffered a fall from a rollator. Injury history, patient data, demographic information, and patient outcomes were compared between males and females, with the data sourced from the Ecare patient database, which contains all information related to patient visits and treatment procedures. Results: A total of 152 eligible patients were included in the analysis, with 56.6% hospitalised at our facility and 14.5% transferred to another hospital. The cohort comprised 50 (32.9%) males and 102 (67.1%) females. Males were more prevalent in the 75–84 age group, while females predominated in the 85 and older group, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.043). Osteoporosis was significantly more common in females (37.3% vs. 10%, p ≤ 0.001). Consequently, treatment with vitamin D and/or calcium was also significantly more prevalent among women (29.4% vs. 8%, p = 0.003). Most falls occurred at home (22.4%) or in nursing care facilities and rehabilitation centres (22.4%), without gender-based differences (p = 0.570). Men were six times more likely than women to sustain injuries when under the influence of alcohol (p = 0.002). Fractures to the lower extremities were the most common injuries, accounting for 34.2% of all injuries, with no statistically significant differences between groups (p = 0.063). Head injuries occurred in 34.9% of patients, with a trend towards more injuries in males (44% vs. 30.4%, p = 0.098). The cumulative rates of fractures to the pelvis, upper extremities, and lower extremities were significantly higher in females (59.8%) than in males (38%), p = 0.011. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in men than in women (12.9% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.026). Operative procedures were significantly more common in women (33% vs. 16.3%; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Women were more frequently affected by falls related to rollators than men. Most falls occurred at home, in nursing care facilities, or rehabilitation centres, with no significant gender-based differences. There was a trend toward more head injuries in males, while the cumulative fracture rate of the pelvis, upper extremities, and lower extremities was significantly higher in females. In-hospital mortality was more than four times higher in men. These findings may guide the development of gender-specific interventions to reduce rollator-related injuries in the vulnerable elderly population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Physical Therapy in Geriatrics)

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14 pages, 608 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Cross-Sectional Study on the Relationship Between Social Media Use and Frailty Among the Older People in Japan

by Yuki Nakada and Yuna Seo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(2), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020142 - 22 Jan 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between social media use and frailty in older adults, focusing on the influence of social media engagement and various frailty-related factors. A survey was conducted with 103 participants aged 65 and above, who completed a questionnaire on their [...] Read more.

This study investigates the relationship between social media use and frailty in older adults, focusing on the influence of social media engagement and various frailty-related factors. A survey was conducted with 103 participants aged 65 and above, who completed a questionnaire on their social media usage, psychological well-being, dietary habits, physical activity, sleep patterns, and social interactions. Frailty was assessed using the Kihon Checklist, categorizing participants into non-frailty, pre-frailty, and frailty groups. The analysis was conducted using ordinal logistic regression to examine the relationship between social media usage and other frailty-related factors (e.g., psychological factors, sociality, diet, and exercise) with frailty status. The findings revealed that social media engagement was significantly associated with frailty status, with higher levels of engagement linked to reduced frailty. Specifically, participants who reported higher levels of social media interaction also reported better psychological well-being, increased social interaction, and greater engagement in physical and leisure activities. These results suggest that social media use may have a positive impact on frailty, potentially by enhancing social connectivity and promoting healthier lifestyle choices in older adults. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms through which social media can mitigate frailty and promote healthy aging. Full article

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