Journal Description
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
is a transdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal published monthly online by MDPI. It covers Global Health, Healthcare Sciences, Behavioral and Mental Health, Infectious Diseases, Chronic Diseases and Disease Prevention, Exercise and Health Related Quality of Life, Environmental Health and Environmental Sciences. The International Society Doctors for the Environment (ISDE) and Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA) are affiliated with IJERPH and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, PMC, Embase, GEOBASE, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: CiteScore - Q1 (Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 24.3 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.3 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about IJERPH.
- Sections: published in 7 topical sections.
- Companion journal: Air.
Latest Articles
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Analysis of Body Weight Variations and Their Implications for Daily Habits
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1510; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111510 - 13 Nov 2024
Abstract
Assessing changes in lifestyle, dietary habits, eating behaviors, and stress during the pandemic and their impact on weight is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study investigated weight variations among Brazilians and associated habit changes over nine months during the COVID-19 pandemic. An
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Assessing changes in lifestyle, dietary habits, eating behaviors, and stress during the pandemic and their impact on weight is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study investigated weight variations among Brazilians and associated habit changes over nine months during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was applied (T0/T1, T2). Weight variation classifications were determined from T0 to T1 and evaluated longitudinally for changes in lifestyle, dietary habits, food consumption, eating behavior, and perceived stress using generalized estimating equations (p < 0.05). Out of 453 participants, 23.6% lost weight, 18.1% maintained their weight, 26.0% gained up to 2.4 kg, and 32.2% gained ≥2.5 kg. Weight loss was associated with decreased food consumption and increased stress at T2. The group that gained up to 2.4 kg reported reduced food intake, snacking, meal preparation, and candy consumption but increased stress at T2. Those gaining ≥2.5 kg initially increased food consumption, snacking, meal preparation, hamburgers/canned products, sugary drinks, instant meals/snacks, candies, and fast food consumption at T1, all of which were reduced at T2, along with a decrease in uncontrolled and emotional eating. Although the pandemic initially affected daily habits differently based on weight changes, participants—especially those who gained more weight—tended to revert to pre-pandemic habits.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Public Health during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic)
Open AccessArticle
Validity and Reliability of the Transcultural Arabic Adaptation of the Food-Mood Questionnaire Among College Students
by
Lina Begdache, Hadia Radwan, Salma Abu Qiyas, Nada Abbas and Farah Naja
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1509; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111509 - 13 Nov 2024
Abstract
A culturally adapted screening tool for mental health and dietary quality is needed to address the significant challenges in mental health and suboptimal diets among college students. The purpose of this study was to validate the Food-Mood Questionnaire (FMQ), originally developed in English,
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A culturally adapted screening tool for mental health and dietary quality is needed to address the significant challenges in mental health and suboptimal diets among college students. The purpose of this study was to validate the Food-Mood Questionnaire (FMQ), originally developed in English, among Arab college students. Students attending the University of Sharjah were invited to complete the questionnaire (n = 224). Two weeks later, participants completed the same questionnaire again. An exploratory factor analysis revealed three main factors: mental distress, prudent and Western diets. Cronbach’s α was 0.86, 0.72, and 0.531 for the three factors, respectively. The Intra-Class-Correlation (ICC) for the test–retest reliability ranged from 0.67 to 0.87 (p < 0.001). The findings of this study showed that the Arabic version of the FMQ is a valid and reliable tool and could be used to screen for the mental distress and dietary intake of college students in the Arab world.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wellbeing and Mental Health among Students)
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Open AccessArticle
Cultural and Practical Barriers to Seeking Help for Intimate Partner Violence Among Korean Immigrants: Exploring Gender and Age Differences
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Soon Cho, Y. Joon Choi, Jeong-Yeob Han, Hanyoung Kim and Stephen T. Fife
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1508; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111508 - 13 Nov 2024
Abstract
Immigrants in the United States, including Korean immigrants, are more vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV), yet they are less likely to seek help than non-immigrants. This qualitative study sought to understand barriers to seeking help for IPV among Korean immigrants and to
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Immigrants in the United States, including Korean immigrants, are more vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV), yet they are less likely to seek help than non-immigrants. This qualitative study sought to understand barriers to seeking help for IPV among Korean immigrants and to explore age and gender differences in Korean immigrants’ understanding of these barriers. We conducted four focus groups with 38 adults grouped by age and gender. Thematic analysis was employed to understand Korean immigrants’ perceptions of IPV and barriers to help-seeking. As a result, four prominent themes emerged: (1) differential understanding of IPV, (2) Confucian cultural influences on IPV, (3) cultural barriers to help-seeking, and (4) practical barriers to help-seeking. Women participants showed an in-depth understanding of IPV, recognizing various forms beyond physical violence within the immigrant social context. Younger participants highlighted the intergenerational transmission of IPV. Cultural factors, rooted in Confucianism such as strict gender roles and women’s self-sacrifice, exacerbate IPV. Cultural barriers include shame culture, treating IPV as a private matter, and the emphasis on family unity. Practical barriers are linked to the challenges immigrants face. These insights illustrate the need for targeted IPV interventions tailored to distinct gender and age demographics within the community.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Associations between Mental Health and Intrapersonal, Interpersonal and Cultural Factors)
Open AccessArticle
About Distress in Chronic Pain Conditions: A Pre–Post Study on the Effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Fibromyalgia and Low Back Pain Patients
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Rebecca Ciacchini, Ciro Conversano, Graziella Orrù, Francesca Scafuto, Silvia Sabbatini, Mery Paroli, Mario Miniati, Alessio Matiz, Angelo Gemignani and Cristiano Crescentini
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1507; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111507 - 13 Nov 2024
Abstract
Chronic pain (CP) affects about 30% of the global population and poses significant challenges to individuals and healthcare systems worldwide. The interactions between physiological, psychological, and social factors are crucial in the onset and development of CP conditions. This study aimed to evaluate
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Chronic pain (CP) affects about 30% of the global population and poses significant challenges to individuals and healthcare systems worldwide. The interactions between physiological, psychological, and social factors are crucial in the onset and development of CP conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention, examining its impact on perceived stress (PSS), depression and anxiety (BDI-II, PGWBI/DEP, SAS, STAI Y), sleep quality (PSQI), and mindfulness abilities (MAAS) in individuals with CP. Participants (N = 89, 84.3% female) underwent one of two diagnoses [fibromyalgia (FM) or low back pain (LBP)] and took part in an MBSR intervention. The mindfulness program proved effective in reducing PSQI scores (F = 11.97; p < 0.01) over time, independently of the type of diagnosis. There was also a marginal increase in trait mindfulness as measured by MAAS (F = 3.25; p = 0.07) in both groups. A significant difference between the two groups was found for the effect on PSS: F (1,87) = 6.46; p < 0.05. Mindfulness practice also reduced anxiety in FM and depressive symptoms in LBP, indicating a reduction in psychological distress among participants. Our findings suggest that mindfulness-based interventions may offer promising avenues for personalized pain management in clinical settings.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health Assessments, Chronic Disease and Health Psychology)
Open AccessArticle
Decentralization Matters: Association of Adherence to Treatment and Distance for the Management of Non-Communicable Diseases in Rural Tanzania
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Paolo Belardi, Noemi Bazzanini, Francesca Cera, Katunzi Mutalemwa, Francesca Tognon, Emmanuel Ndile, Alessandro Mele, Rehema Itambu, Rhoda Naftali, Bernard Kakala, Veronica Kayombo, Benjamin Mfaume, Bruno Ndunguru, Samwel Marwa and Mario Saugo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1506; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111506 - 13 Nov 2024
Abstract
Since March 2019, a non-communicable diseases program has been established at hospital level, with enrollment and clinical reassessment every 6 months. Since July 2023, monthly enrollment and visits have also been conducted at health center level. This study aimed at assessing the adherence
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Since March 2019, a non-communicable diseases program has been established at hospital level, with enrollment and clinical reassessment every 6 months. Since July 2023, monthly enrollment and visits have also been conducted at health center level. This study aimed at assessing the adherence to scheduled follow-up visits following the decentralization of the integrated NCDs program from Hospital to Health Center level and investigate factors influencing follow-up adherence. The study was performed in a rural district in Iringa Region, Tanzania. Adherence was measured at both levels. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to describe socio-demographic and clinical factors influencing attendance at the 6-month hospital-level visit. Among 2198 patients enrolled at the hospital level, weighted adherence over 42 months was 40.8% (95% CI 39.0–42.6%) at the 6-month visit. Multivariate analysis revealed that as the distance from the hospital increased, the probability of attendance decreased (OR 0.17; 95% CI: 0.08–0.39). Among 571 patients enrolled at the residence level, adherence over the first 10 months of program implementation was 91.6% (90.4–92.8%). The findings showed that distance was by far the most important barrier to follow-up adherence and suggested that decentralizing the program from the hospital to peripheral health centers may ensure high follow-up rates.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Global Perspective: Disease and Threats)
Open AccessArticle
Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases in Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Subsidiary Protection Beneficiaries Resettled or Relocated in Portugal Between 2015 and 2020
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Ana Pinto de Oliveira, Cláudia Conceição and Inês Fronteira
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1505; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111505 - 13 Nov 2024
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases, previously thought of as a problem of high-income countries, now coexist in low- and middle-income countries, including the countries of origin for many refugees traveling to Europe. We aimed to describe the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among refugees,
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Non-communicable diseases, previously thought of as a problem of high-income countries, now coexist in low- and middle-income countries, including the countries of origin for many refugees traveling to Europe. We aimed to describe the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among refugees, asylum seekers, and subsidiary protection beneficiaries resettled or relocated in Portugal between 2015 and 2020 and compare these to the prevalence of risk factors in the 12 months before they left their country of origin. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2019 and 2020 of all refugees, asylum seekers, and subsidiary protection beneficiaries attending a Lisbon, Portugal refugee center. Behavioral and biological risk factors were assessed using the WHO STEPwise modified questionnaire. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted, which included 80 respondents, mainly men, with an average age of of 30.3 ± 9.8 years. The prevalence of several behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases among refugees, asylum seekers, and subsidiary protection beneficiaries was higher at the time of the study than in the 12 months before leaving the country of origin. Differences between men and women were noted in tobacco (49.1% vs. 25.9%) and alcohol use (43.4% vs. 18.5%) in the receiving country. Overweight and obesity also showed differences by gender (7.5% vs. 11.1% and 39.6% vs. 48.1%). The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicidalplanning was high, and varied from 6.3% and 20% in the country of origin to 16.3% and 38.5% respectively in the receiving country, however the prevalence of suicide attempts was lower in the receiving country (66.7%) compared to the country of origin (100.0%). Information on health and social determinants is critical to identify priorities and increase access to access to gender-specific health and community level interventions, including mental health, to reduce risk factors associated with refugee relocation and resettlement.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reducing Disparities in Health Care Access of Refugees and Migrants)
Open AccessArticle
Screen Exposure in 4-Year-Old Children: Association with Development, Daily Habits, and Ultra-Processed Food Consumption
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Gabriela M. D. Gomes, Rafaela C. V. Souza, Tamires N. Santos and Luana C. Santos
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1504; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111504 - 13 Nov 2024
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between child development, daily habits, and ultra-processed food consumption with screen exposure in 4-year-old children. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire that included sociodemographic data, the child’s daily habits, and screenings for child development
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This study aimed to investigate the association between child development, daily habits, and ultra-processed food consumption with screen exposure in 4-year-old children. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire that included sociodemographic data, the child’s daily habits, and screenings for child development and eating habits. The daily screen exposure time (cell phone, computer, television, and/or tablet) was measured in minutes and classified as inadequate if >60 min. We conducted bivariate analyses and a generalized linear model. Overall, 362 caregivers–children pairs were investigated. The average screen time per child was 120 min (IQR: 120), and most of the children (71%) showed inadequate screen time for the age group. The longest screen time was associated with the lowest score in child development (β = −0.03; p = 0.01), an increased habit of eating in front of screens (β = 0.34; p < 0.001), and the highest score of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) (β = 0.05; p = 0.001). The sample showed a high prevalence of inadequate screen time, and this has been associated with the lowest score in child development, an increased habit of eating in front of screens, and the highest score of UPFs.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition-, Overweight- and Obesity-Related Health Issues)
Open AccessArticle
Co-Production Within Academic Constraints: Insights from a Case Study
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Evelyn Callahan, Niamh Murtagh, Alison Pooley, Jenny Pannell and Alison Benzimra
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1503; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111503 - 13 Nov 2024
Abstract
Co-production in research offers the potential for multiple benefits, including amplifying the voices of the marginalised, reducing power inequalities between academic researchers and co-researchers outside of academia, increased likelihood of impact, and improvement in the research process. But alongside increased interest in co-production,
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Co-production in research offers the potential for multiple benefits, including amplifying the voices of the marginalised, reducing power inequalities between academic researchers and co-researchers outside of academia, increased likelihood of impact, and improvement in the research process. But alongside increased interest in co-production, there is increased awareness of its contextual constraints. Key amongst these are institutional orthodoxies in academia, including time-limited, project-based research and precarious employment for junior researchers. To examine how the potential benefits of co-production can be achieved within the constraints of current academic systems, a case study project was assessed against a documented set of expectations for the co-production of research with older adults. The case study was a research project conducted with seven almshouse communities in England on the topic of social resilience. The wider almshouse communities—staff, trustees, and residents—were involved in co-production. The assessment concluded that co-production led to rich data and deep understanding. Co-production aided the development of skills and experiences of the co-researchers, resulted in changes in practice, and challenged power differentials, albeit in limited ways, but could not ensure the sustainability of relationships or impact. Key elements for effective co-production included the approach to and governance of the project, the formation of a Residents Advisory Group, and planning for the limited commitment that individuals and organisations outside of academia may be able to contribute to research.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rising to the Healthy Ageing Challenge: Co-production with Older People and Business)
Open AccessArticle
Advancing Indoor Epidemiological Surveillance: Integrating Real-Time Object Detection and Spatial Analysis for Precise Contact Rate Analysis and Enhanced Public Health Strategies
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Ali Baligh Jahromi, Koorosh Attarian, Ali Asgary and Jianhong Wu
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1502; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111502 - 13 Nov 2024
Abstract
In response to escalating concerns about the indoor transmission of respiratory diseases, this study introduces a sophisticated software tool engineered to accurately determine contact rates among individuals in enclosed spaces—essential for public health surveillance and disease transmission mitigation. The tool applies YOLOv8, a
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In response to escalating concerns about the indoor transmission of respiratory diseases, this study introduces a sophisticated software tool engineered to accurately determine contact rates among individuals in enclosed spaces—essential for public health surveillance and disease transmission mitigation. The tool applies YOLOv8, a cutting-edge deep learning model that enables precise individual detection and real-time tracking from video streams. An innovative feature of this system is its dynamic circular buffer zones, coupled with an advanced 2D projective transformation to accurately overlay video data coordinates onto a digital layout of the physical environment. By analyzing the overlap of these buffer zones and incorporating detailed heatmap visualizations, the software provides an in-depth quantification of contact instances and spatial contact patterns, marking an advancement over traditional contact tracing and contact counting methods. These enhancements not only improve the accuracy and speed of data analysis but also furnish public health officials with a comprehensive framework to develop more effective non-pharmaceutical infection control strategies. This research signifies a crucial evolution in epidemiological tools, transitioning from manual, simulation, and survey-based tracking methods to automated, real time, and precision-driven technologies that integrate advanced visual analytics to better understand and manage disease transmission in indoor settings.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Artificial Intelligence in Public Health: Current Trends and Future Possibilities)
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Open AccessArticle
Recent Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Is Associated with Less Severe Disease in Working-Age Adults
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Kailey Fischer, Joanne M. Langley, Robyn Harrison, Samira Mubareka, Jeya Nadarajah, Marek Smieja, Louis Valiquette, Curtis Cooper, Jeff Powis, CCS Working Group, Allison McGeer and Brenda L. Coleman
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1501; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111501 - 12 Nov 2024
Abstract
Background: Essential workers, including those working in healthcare and education, are at higher risk of exposure to communicable diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. Reducing the rates of infection is important for their personal health and for the ongoing safe operation of essential services. Methods: Data
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Background: Essential workers, including those working in healthcare and education, are at higher risk of exposure to communicable diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. Reducing the rates of infection is important for their personal health and for the ongoing safe operation of essential services. Methods: Data from participants in two prospective cohort studies who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 2020 through 2023 were used to determine whether vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the severity of symptoms in working-age adults. Results: SARS-CoV-2-positive tests (N = 3757) were reported by 3093 participants (mean: 1.2 per person); 1229 (33%) illnesses did not interfere with regular activities, 1926 (51%) made participants too unwell for regular activities, and 602 (16%) required participant bed rest. Compared with vaccine receipt more than 12 months earlier, receipt within six months of an infection was associated with lower risk ratios for more severe illness (too unwell: 0.69 and bed rest: 0.67) compared with being able to conduct regular activities. More recent vaccination was also associated with lower odds reporting of systemic symptoms (fever, myalgia, arthralgia) and fewer solicited symptoms. Conclusion: Staying current with COVID-19 vaccinations should continue to be recommended since receiving a recent immunization lessened the severity of illness. Also, as symptoms of COVID-19 are now largely similar to other respiratory viruses, practitioners need to use this evidence to inform diagnostic testing and return-to-work policies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection COVID-19 Research)
Open AccessSystematic Review
Beliefs and Violent Behavior in Interpersonal Relationships of Young Adults: A Systematic Review
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Eduardo Araújo, Anita Santos, Claúdia Oliveira, Olga Souza Cruz and Diana Moreira
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1500; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111500 - 12 Nov 2024
Abstract
Beliefs are information-processing structures formed along an individual’s developmental pathway. Beliefs can legitimize involvement in inappropriate or violent behaviors, particularly when they crystallize into cognitive schemas. While beliefs aid individuals in interpreting the surrounding world, overly rigid and inflexible beliefs can constrain the
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Beliefs are information-processing structures formed along an individual’s developmental pathway. Beliefs can legitimize involvement in inappropriate or violent behaviors, particularly when they crystallize into cognitive schemas. While beliefs aid individuals in interpreting the surrounding world, overly rigid and inflexible beliefs can constrain the individual’s ability to process available information. This Systematic Review, carried out according to the PRISMA norms and guidelines, aims to understand the most prevalent beliefs regarding relationships among young adults and to examine their associations with violent or deviant behaviors. Articles included in this review were retrieved from the EBSCO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases in July 2022, resulting in a total of 594 studies, which were subsequently screened by two independent reviewers. A total of 51 studies were then selected for full reading, but 36 were excluded based on pre-defined eligibility criteria, leaving a final sample of 18 studies published between 2014 and 2022. The main objectives, country of origin, instruments used, sample composition and age, main results and conclusions were extracted from each study. Findings point toward the presence of related and legitimate beliefs about violence in intimate relationships, domestic violence, sexual violence, acceptance of the rape myth, or consent to engage in sexual activities.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bullying: Causes, Consequences, Interventions, and Prevention)
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Open AccessArticle
Why Collect and Use Race/Ethnicity Data? A Qualitative Case Study on the Perspectives of Mental Health Providers and Patients During COVID-19
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Nancy Clark, Cindy Quan, Heba Elgharbawy, Anita David, Michael E. Li, Christopher Mah, Jill K. Murphy, Catherine L. Costigan, Soma Ganesan and Jaswant Guzder
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1499; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111499 - 12 Nov 2024
Abstract
Context: Calls to collect patients’ race/ethnicity (RE) data as a measure to promote equitable health care among vulnerable patient groups are increasing. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted how a public health crisis disproportionately affects racialized patient groups. However, less is known about the
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Context: Calls to collect patients’ race/ethnicity (RE) data as a measure to promote equitable health care among vulnerable patient groups are increasing. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted how a public health crisis disproportionately affects racialized patient groups. However, less is known about the uptake of RE data collection in the context of mental health care services. Methodology: A qualitative case study used surveys with mental health patients (n = 47) and providers (n = 12), a retrospective chart review, and a focus group to explore healthcare providers’ and patients’ perspectives on collecting RE data in Canada. Results: The patient survey data and focus groups show that patients avoid providing identifying information due to perceived stigma and discrimination and a lack of trust. Providers did not feel comfortable asking patients about RE, leading to chart review data where RE information was not systematically collected. Conclusions: The uptake and implementation of RE data collection in mental health care contexts require increased training and support, systematic implementation, and further evaluation and measurement of how the collection of RE data will be used to mitigate systemic racism and improve mental health outcomes.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Measuring Health Inequities Among Vulnerable Populations (2nd Edition))
Open AccessArticle
Mortality from Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Brazil—Historical Series
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Emerson de Santana Santos, Pedro Henrique Gomes Castro, Laís Prado Smith Lima, João Victor Andrade Pimentel, Gabriel da Costa Kuhn, Antônio Carlos Sobral Sousa and Joselina Luzia Menezes Oliveira
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1498; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111498 - 11 Nov 2024
Abstract
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a relatively prevalent disease, primarily of a genetic etiology, affecting both sexes and characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy. However, limitations within healthcare systems, socioracial factors, and the issue of underdiagnosis hinder accurate mortality assessments in our region. This study,
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a relatively prevalent disease, primarily of a genetic etiology, affecting both sexes and characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy. However, limitations within healthcare systems, socioracial factors, and the issue of underdiagnosis hinder accurate mortality assessments in our region. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the mortality trends associated with HCM in Brazil from 2010 to 2020, with a focus on socioracial factors and healthcare disparities. This ecological, time-series study employed a quantitative approach based on secondary data from the Mortality System (SIM) developed by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Mortality incidence and trend analyses were conducted using the average annual percent change (AAPC) and the annual percent change (APC). The results indicated a predominance of HCM-related deaths among white males aged 40 years and older. Additionally, an increasing trend in HCM-related mortality was observed among white and brown males and females aged 40 years and above from 2010 to 2018. Throughout the entire period covered in the study, the incidence of deaths due to HCM increased by 18.3% and 69.8% in the northeastern and southeastern regions. The findings suggest that health system managers should consider addressing the factors influencing HCM mortality and encourage the development and implementation of clinical protocols across healthcare institutions nationwide. Such protocols are recommended to facilitate early diagnosis and establish effective treatment strategies, ultimately aiming to improve the survival rates and quality of life for individuals affected by HCM.
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Open AccessArticle
Stress and Self-Efficacy in Parents/Caregivers and Oral Health of Individuals with Down Syndrome During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Julya Ribeiro Campos, Fernando Oliveira Costa, Ana Cristina Borges-Oliveira and Luís Otávio Miranda Cota
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1497; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111497 - 11 Nov 2024
Abstract
The family of individuals living with Down Syndrome (DS) often demonstrate high levels of stress associated with the demand for care and difficulties experienced in everyday life. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess perceived stress by parents/caregivers of individuals with
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The family of individuals living with Down Syndrome (DS) often demonstrate high levels of stress associated with the demand for care and difficulties experienced in everyday life. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess perceived stress by parents/caregivers of individuals with DS and its association with general perceived self-efficacy and dental outcomes, considering the COVID-19 pandemic’s impacts on family’s daily activities and finances. A sample of 257 parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire with socioeconomic, dental, and behavioral variables and the short version of the Perceived Stress Scale and the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale. The sample was divided into three groups based on perceived stress levels. Associated variables were evaluated using multinomial logistic regression (level of significance 5%), adjusting for socioeconomic factors. The mean perceived stress score was 17.84 ± 5.75 (0–39). Medium stress (second tertile) was associated with finger/nail biting in individuals with DS (OR = 2.05; 95%CI 1.04–4.03; p = 0.038), difficulty in performing oral hygiene (OR = 2.39; 95%CI 1.23–4.65; p = 0.011) and medium and high self-efficacy (OR = 0.12; 95%CI 0.05–0.31; p < 0.001 and OR = 0.38; 95%CI 0.15–0.98; p = 0.046, respectively); high stress (third tertile) was associated with medium and high self-efficacy (OR = 0.25; 95%CI 0.09–0.67; p = 0.006 and OR = 0.05; 95%CI 0.02–0.15; p < 0.001, respectively) and negative impact of COVID-19 in family finances (OR = 3.00; 95%CI 1.39–6.44; p = 0.005). It was concluded that parents/caregivers’ perceived stress was averaged and associated with self-efficacy, finger/nail biting, oral hygiene demands, and the financial impact of COVID-19.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Treatment and Dental Health in Special Care Patients)
Open AccessArticle
Community-Engaged Development of Strengths-Based Nutrition Measures: The Indigenous Nourishment Scales
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Tara L. Maudrie, Laura E. Caulfield, Cassandra J. Nguyen, Melissa L. Walls, Emily E. Haroz, Laura R. Moore, Rachel G. Dionne-Thunder, Joe Vital, Brook LaFloe, Alanna Norris, Vincent Dionne, Virgil Pain On Hip, Jessica Dickerson, Kerry Hawk Lessard, Antony L. Stately, Valarie Blue Bird Jernigan and Victoria M. O’Keefe
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1496; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111496 - 11 Nov 2024
Abstract
Mainstream approaches to nutrition typically focus on diet consumption, overlooking multi-dimensional aspects of nutrition that are important to American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. To address health challenges faced by AI/AN communities, strengths-based measures of nutrition grounded in community worldviews are needed. In collaboration
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Mainstream approaches to nutrition typically focus on diet consumption, overlooking multi-dimensional aspects of nutrition that are important to American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. To address health challenges faced by AI/AN communities, strengths-based measures of nutrition grounded in community worldviews are needed. In collaboration with AI/AN communities in Baltimore and Minneapolis, we developed the Indigenous Nourishment Scales through three phases. Phase 1 involved focus group discussions with nine community-research council (CRC) members (n = 2) and four in-depth interviews (n = 4) to gather perspectives on existing models of nutrition. Phase 2 refined scales through two additional focus group discussions (n = 2) with a total of nine participants and two in-depth interviews (n = 2). Finally, in Phase 3, we held ten (n = 10) cognitive interviews with AI/AN community members to refine the scales. Participants appreciated the measures’ ability to provoke reflection on their relationship with nutrition and suggested adjustments to better capture cultural nuances, such as incorporating concepts like “being a good relative” to land. The Indigenous Nourishment Scales represent a departure from conventional approaches by encompassing multiple dimensions of nourishment, offering a framework that addresses epistemic injustices in nutrition measurement and grounds health measurement efforts directly in community perspectives and worldviews.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue First Nation, Indigenous and Aboriginal Perspectives of Health Promotion and Wellbeing)
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Open AccessArticle
Geospatial Analysis of Malaria and Typhoid Prevalence Due to Waste Dumpsite Exposure in Kinshasa Districts with and without Waste Services: A Case Study of Bandalungwa and Bumbu, Democratic Republic of Congo
by
Yllah Kang Okin, Helmut Yabar, Karume Lubula Kevin, Takeshi Mizunoya and Yoshiro Higano
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1495; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111495 - 11 Nov 2024
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management poses substantial challenges in rapidly urbanizing areas, with implications for both the environment and public health. This study focuses on the city of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo, investigating whether the presence or absence of solid
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Municipal solid waste (MSW) management poses substantial challenges in rapidly urbanizing areas, with implications for both the environment and public health. This study focuses on the city of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo, investigating whether the presence or absence of solid waste collection services results in varying health and economic impacts, and additionally, seeking to establish a correlation between residing in proximity to dumpsites and the prevalence of diseases like malaria and typhoid, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of the health implications tied to waste exposure. Health data were collected through survey questionnaires, and the geospatial distribution of 19 dumpsites was analyzed using Google Earth Pro 7.3.1 for satellite imagery and GIS software 10.3.1 to map dumpsites and define 1 km buffer zones around the largest dumpsites for household sampling. Statistical analyses were conducted using R Version 4.2.3, employing Chi-square tests for disease prevalence and logistic regression to assess associations between waste management practices and health outcomes. A multivariate regression was used to evaluate correlations between discomfort symptoms (e.g., nasal and eye irritation) and waste activities. The geospatial analysis revealed significant variation in dumpsite size and location, with larger dumpsites near water bodies and flood-prone areas. The study contributes valuable insights into waste-related health risks, emphasizing the need for improved waste management policies in rapidly urbanizing areas like Kinshasa. The socio-demographic analysis reveals distinct traits within the surveyed populations of two communes, Bandalungwa (Bandal) and Bumbu. Bumbu, characterized by larger open dumpsites and limited waste collection services, exhibits a higher prevalence of certain diseases, particularly typhoid fever, and malaria. This discrepancy is statistically significant (p < 2.2 × 10−16), suggesting a potential link between waste exposure and disease prevalence. In Bandal, self-waste collection is a high risk of exposure to typhoid (OR = 4.834 and p = 0.00001), but the implementation of a waste collection service shows protective effect (OR = 0.206 and p = 0.00001). The lack of waste collection services in Bumbu increases the risk of exposure, although not significantly (OR = 2.268 and p = 0.08). Key findings indicate that waste disposal methods significantly differ between Bandal and Bumbu. Bumbu’s reliance on burning and dumping creates environments conducive to disease vectors, contributing to elevated disease transmission risks. However, an in-depth correlation analysis reveals that specific waste management practices, such as burning, burying, and open dumping, do not exhibit statistically significant associations with disease prevalence, underlining the complexity of disease dynamics. This study contributes valuable insights into the importance for urban public health, particularly in rapidly urbanizing cities like Kinshasa, where inadequate waste management exacerbates health risks. By investigating the correlation between proximity to unregulated dumpsites and the prevalence of diseases such as malaria and typhoid fever, the research underscores the urgent need for targeted waste management policies. The stark health disparities between Bandal, with better waste services, and Bumbu, where services are lacking, highlight the protective effect of organized waste collection. These findings suggest that expanding public waste services and enforcing stricter regulations on waste disposal could reduce disease prevalence in vulnerable areas. Additionally, the study supports integrating waste management into urban planning as a critical public health measure. Its evidence-based approach offers valuable insights for policymakers in Kinshasa and other cities facing similar challenges, emphasizing the broader health implications of environmental governance in urban settings.
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(This article belongs to the Collection Environmental Risk Assessment)
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Open AccessArticle
Importance of Return to Usual and School Activities After Social Isolation in Recovering Vitamin D Concentrations, Physical Fitness, and Motor Performance in Adolescents
by
Frederico Bento de Moraes, Jr., Maiara Cristina Tadiotto, Brenda Lenardt, Jorge Mota, Oslei de Matos and Neiva Leite
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1494; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111494 - 10 Nov 2024
Abstract
This study aimed to observe adolescents’ changes and individual responses regarding the anthropometry, cardiometabolic profile, vitamin D concentrations, physical fitness, and motor competence upon immediate return and three months of school activities after lockdown. Methods: The study included 28 adolescents (14.8 ± 0.8
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This study aimed to observe adolescents’ changes and individual responses regarding the anthropometry, cardiometabolic profile, vitamin D concentrations, physical fitness, and motor competence upon immediate return and three months of school activities after lockdown. Methods: The study included 28 adolescents (14.8 ± 0.8 years) of both sexes. Anthropometric measures, body composition, cardiometabolic parameters, physical fitness, and motor competence were assessed. A paired t-test was used to compare the frequencies of respondents and the effect size of the results, considering significant p < 0.05. Results: After three months of school activities, adolescents changed their body composition, reducing % fat mass (p = 0.008) and increasing fat-free mass (p = 0.008). In terms of physical fitness, there was increased abdominal resistance (p < 0.001; ES = −0.42) and motor performance, with reduction in supine-to-stand test time (p < 0.001; ES = 0.53). There were very beneficial effects in reducing resting heart rate (p ≤ 0.001; ES = 0.61) and increasing vitamin D concentrations (p < 0.001; ES = −0.61). After three months of a school routine, the proportions of change in respondents were similar between girls and boys and eutrophic individuals and overweight individuals. Conclusions: Returning to school activities after lockdown was important for the recovery of vitamin D concentrations, physical fitness, and motor competence, whose responses were independent of the level of adiposity and sex of the adolescents.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Fitness and Exercise during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic)
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Open AccessArticle
Epidemiology of Traditional Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents in Poland: Analysis of Sociodemographic Risk Factors
by
Paulina Kurdyś-Bykowska, Leon Kośmider, Wojciech Bykowski, Dawid Konwant and Krystyna Stencel-Gabriel
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1493; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111493 - 10 Nov 2024
Abstract
Background: E-cigarettes are electronic nicotine-dispensing systems in the form of an aerosol. Their popularity among adolescents is growing at an exceedingly fast pace. Methods: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the use of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes and identify demographic risk
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Background: E-cigarettes are electronic nicotine-dispensing systems in the form of an aerosol. Their popularity among adolescents is growing at an exceedingly fast pace. Methods: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the use of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes and identify demographic risk factors for the use of these products by adolescents in large and small cities and rural areas in Poland. This cross-sectional study conducted in 2021 aimed to assess the prevalence of traditional cigarette and e-cigarette use among adolescents aged 12–18 in Poland, while identifying demographic risk factors associated with their usage. A total of 10,388 adolescents participated, predominantly from rural areas. Results: Findings revealed that 12.3% were traditional cigarette smokers, with 90% smoking in the past month, while 14.9% were e-cigarette users, with 84.7% using them in the past month. Dual users accounted for 6.4% of respondents. Non-smokers were younger, and e-cigarette users were more likely to be boys from larger cities. Moreover, mothers of non-smokers tended to have higher education levels than those of traditional cigarette smokers. Conclusions: This study provides important new insights into demographic predictors associated with the use of specific devices, which can help inform targeted interventions to reduce e-cigarette use.
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Open AccessArticle
The Role of Formal Schooling, Literacy, and Health Knowledge in Addressing Domestic Violence Against Women in West Africa
by
Amelia Van Komen and Hayley Pierce
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1492; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111492 - 9 Nov 2024
Abstract
When “education” is cited as a solution for domestic violence, different aspects of knowledge acquisition are often omitted. This study uses 2019 Demographic and Health Surveys from four West African countries (The Gambia, Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone) with a combined sample size of
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When “education” is cited as a solution for domestic violence, different aspects of knowledge acquisition are often omitted. This study uses 2019 Demographic and Health Surveys from four West African countries (The Gambia, Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone) with a combined sample size of 12,480 women and generalized ordered logit regression to examine the effects of types of knowledge (years of schooling, literacy, and health knowledge) on domestic violence (physical abuse, emotional abuse, and control issues). The results suggest that literacy has the most reliable beneficial impact on domestic violence and was consistently associated with decreased odds of abuse. However, greater findings suggest that schooling, literacy, and health knowledge function as separate types of education and that their relationships are complex and context-specific. By neglecting to see these types of knowledge as separate entities that can operate together, it is possible that mitigation strategies for domestic violence are going undiscovered.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reducing Health Disparities: The Role of Health Literacy and Health Promotion)
Open AccessArticle
Is Greener Better? Quantifying the Impact of a Nature Walk on Stress Reduction Using HRV and Saliva Cortisol Biomarkers
by
Shravan G. Aras, J. Ray Runyon, Josh B. Kazman, Julian F. Thayer, Esther M. Sternberg and Patricia A. Deuster
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1491; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111491 - 9 Nov 2024
Abstract
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The physiological impact of walking in nature was quantified via continuous heart rate variability (HRV), pre- and post-walk saliva cortisol measures, and self-reported mood and mindfulness scores for N = 17 participants who walked “The Green Road” at Walter Reed National Military Medical
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The physiological impact of walking in nature was quantified via continuous heart rate variability (HRV), pre- and post-walk saliva cortisol measures, and self-reported mood and mindfulness scores for N = 17 participants who walked “The Green Road” at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. For N = 15 of the participants, HRV analysis revealed two main groups: group one individuals had a 104% increase (mean) in the root mean square standard deviation (RMSSD) and a 47% increase (mean) in the standard deviation of NN values (SDNN), indicating an overall reduction in physiological stress from walking the Green Road, and group two individuals had a decrease (mean) of 42% and 31% in these respective HRV metrics, signaling an increase in physiological stresses. Post-walk self-reported scores for vigor and mood disturbance were more robust for the Green Road than for a comparable urban road corridor and showed that a higher HRV during the walk was associated with improved overall mood. Saliva cortisol was lower after taking a walk for all participants, and it showed that walking the Green Road elicited a significantly larger reduction in cortisol of 53%, on average, when compared with 37% of walking along an urban road. It was also observed that the order in which individuals walked the Green Road and urban road also impacted their cortisol responses, with those walking the urban road before the Green Road showing a substantial reduction in cortisol, suggesting a possible attenuation effect of walking the Green Road first. These findings provide quantitative data demonstrating the stress-reducing effects of being in nature, thus supporting the health benefit value of providing access to nature more broadly in many settings.
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