How a Child’s Mental Health Is Influenced by Their Father’s Parenting Style and Regulation of Emotion

Journal Description

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is a transdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal published monthly online by MDPI. It covers Global Health, Healthcare Sciences, Behavioral and Mental Health, Infectious Diseases, Chronic Diseases and Disease Prevention, Exercise and Health Related Quality of Life, Environmental Health and Environmental Sciences. The International Society Doctors for the Environment (ISDE) and Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA) are affiliated with IJERPH and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.

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Journal Rank: CiteScore - Q1 (Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health)
Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 25.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.3 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2024).
Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
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Sections: published in 7 topical sections.
Companion journal: Air.

Imprint Information Journal Flyer Open Access ISSN: 1660-4601

Latest Articles

10 pages, 300 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Offspring Gender Composition on Modern Contraceptive Uptake Among Married Women of Reproductive Age in Pakistan: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study

by Muhammad Ishaque, Jack Hazerjian, Mohamad Ibrahim Brooks, Tabinda Sarosh, Madiha Latif and Maisam Ali

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010118 - 17 Jan 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Pakistan is confronted with the formidable challenge of high population growth, which is compounded by cultural norms that prioritize male offspring, leading to adverse implications for family planning efforts and demographic trends. Despite efforts to promote contraception, including a national family planning program, Pakistan continues to struggle with low and stagnant contraceptive prevalence rates among married women. The influence of gender composition on modern contraceptive uptake remains underexplored, necessitating research to elucidate its impact on reproductive behavior. Materials and methods: This study used the dataset of a facility-based cross-sectional survey conducted in six districts of the Sindh and Punjab provinces in Pakistan. A subset of 495 married women of reproductive age seeking health services from March to June 2019 was used for this study. Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the association between the gender composition of children and modern contraceptive uptake, adjusting for covariates such as province, the age of the women, and the type of health facility. Results: The analysis revealed a significant association between the gender composition of children and modern contraceptive uptake among married women. As the number of daughters increased without sons, the likelihood of contraceptive uptake remained low (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.04–0.34; p < 0.000), while having at least one son substantially increased the odds of contraceptive use (AOR: 19.91; 95% CI: 8.00–49.50; p < 0.000). Notably, the gender composition of having one daughter with two sons had the highest level of contraceptive uptake, potentially because of family composition preferences. Discussion: The findings highlight the pervasive influence of gender composition on reproductive decision-making in Pakistan, with a clear preference for sons driving modern contraceptive behavior. These results underscore the need for targeted interventions to address gender norms and biases while promoting equitable access to family planning services. Engaging men in family planning initiatives is crucial for challenging traditional gender norms and fostering informed decision-making regarding contraception. Conclusion: Gender preference influences modern contraceptive uptake among women in Pakistan, with the strong preference for sons driving reproductive behavior. Addressing gender norms and biases while promoting informed, self-determined choice is essential for enhancing modern contraceptive uptake and achieving sustainable population growth. Targeted interventions, including male engagement strategies, are needed to challenge societal gender norms and empower individuals to make autonomous decisions regarding family planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Epidemiology and Global Health)

22 pages, 281 KiB

Open AccessArticle

“Lack” and “Finally”: A Qualitative Analysis of Barriers and Facilitators in Rare Disease Healthcare

by Amanda R. Hemmesch, Kathleen R. Bogart and Erica Barnes

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010117 - 16 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: This study explored the experiences of adults with diverse rare diseases (RDs) and RD caregivers with barriers and facilitators to healthcare access in the United States (US), including during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic, and their recommendations for improving access. Results: Adults with RDs and parents/caregivers to children with RDs (N = 1128) completed open-ended survey items. Responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. The primary theme identified regarding barriers to healthcare was “lack”; participants reported challenges in obtaining an accurate diagnosis, effective management/treatment, health insurance coverage, and social support. The primary theme identified regarding facilitators was “finally”; participants reported a need for persistence to access a diagnosis, RD experts, as well as social support and advocacy. Recommendations for improving healthcare for RDs mirrored the barriers and facilitators identified, including improving knowledge/awareness of RDs and investing in RD research that could improve diagnosis and treatment. Participants’ healthcare experiences varied widely during the COVID-19 pandemic, with some reporting that telehealth improved care and others reporting disruption due to telehealth. Conclusions: Even though individual diagnoses are rare, there are shared challenges to healthcare access and common opportunities for improvement. Policy recommendations regarding RD healthcare focus on improving affordable and timely access to knowledgeable providers, diagnosis, and medications/treatments. Full article

12 pages, 255 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Infection Prevention and Control Nurses in Public Hospitals in the Limpopo Province: A Qualitative Study

by Lebitsi Q. Ranoto, Cairo B. Ntimana, Pamela Mamogobo and Eric Maimela

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010116 - 16 Jan 2025

Abstract

A crucial aspect of delivering healthcare is infection prevention and control (IPC), especially in public hospitals where the high volume of patients and limited resources can heighten the risk of healthcare-associated infections. This qualitative study explores IPC nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices in public hospitals within the Limpopo province of South Africa. The study adopted a qualitative descriptive design. This qualitative study utilized self-developed validated semi-structured interviews with IPC nurses from 12 public hospitals (4 tertiary, 4 regional, and 4 district). The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to knowledge, attitudes, and practices in IPC. Each interview lasted approximately 15 to 20 min. Themes and subthemes that emerged provided a structured overview of the key aspects discussed. Each theme captures a different facet of the experiences, perceptions, and challenges faced by IPC nurses in their role. The subthemes further break down these views into specific areas of focus, offering deeper insights into the nurses’ experiences of their professional responsibilities. This study shows that, although IPC nurses have a good understanding of infection control and a positive attitude toward it, systemic problems and resource constraints make it difficult to consistently implement optimal practices. Affective mood, opportunity cost, coherence of the intervention, burden, perceived efficacy, self-efficacy, and ethics are among the major themes that were found. To improve IPC efforts, there is a clear need for more focused training, resources, and managerial support. Full article

18 pages, 1992 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Meaning of Ageing and the Educational Intervention “Good Life in Old Age”: An Ethnographic Study Reflecting the Perspective of Older Adults with Mild Intellectual Disability

by Marianne Holmgren and Gerd Ahlström

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010115 - 16 Jan 2025

Abstract

Older adults with intellectual disabilities are not adequately prepared for ageing and show anxiety and uncertainty regarding the future. Therefore, the two-year educational intervention “Good Life in Old Age” was implemented to improve their understanding of ageing and enhance their well-being. This study aimed to explore the meaning of ageing during and after the intervention from the perspective of older adults with mild intellectual disability. The ethnographic design included participant observations, field notes, group interviews, and individual follow-up interviews with 20 adults aged 44–75 (mean 63.2) with intellectual disabilities. The main findings are expressed in four themes; Awareness of ageing with intellectual disabilities, Strengthened as a person through empowering community, Awareness of vulnerability as an older adult, and The educational intervention as a resource to manage vulnerability. The education programme created a social network for healthy ageing with an atmosphere of mutual support fostering greater mental strength and self-confidence. Individual retirement plans should be created to foster socialisation, involving adapted activities and conversations about bereavement and death. There is a need to disseminate and continue developing promising education programmes for older adults with intellectual disabilities to reduce their anxiety about retirement and loneliness and facilitate healthy ageing. Full article

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16 pages, 4410 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Challenges and Resiliency: Social Determinants of Health, COVID-19, and the Disproportionate Impact on Immigrants and Refugees Living with HIV

by Natasha Marriette, Rita Dhungel, Karun Kishor Karki and Jose Benito Tovillo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010114 - 15 Jan 2025

Abstract

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic is a global public health and social justice issue. HIV continues to disproportionately affect marginalized populations, including immigrants and refugees living with HIV (IRLHIV). This study investigated and captured the experiences of IRLHIV using the social determinants of health framework. This study examined the intersecting factors affecting the health and well-being of IRLHIV in Alberta, Canada, prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concurrent mixed methods were used. Employing an online survey (n = 124) and photovoice methodology (n = 13), the researchers identified five salient themes: experiences of racism and discrimination, challenges accessing nutrition, healthcare, and affordable housing, and precarious employment situations. The findings underscored the amplification of pre-existing inequities during the COVID-19 pandemic, intensifying the discrimination and stigma faced by IRLHIV due to both their health status and immigration background. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted, evidence-based interventions to address the social determinants of health that adversely affect IRLHIV. The researchers recommend further participatory research action into health disparities for IRLHIV to create responsive and culturally safe services for IRLHIV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Work–Life Policies, Employee Health and Well-Being)

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33 pages, 1629 KiB

Open AccessReview

Smoking Among Healthcare Professionals in Australia: A Scoping Review

by Masudus Salehin, Louisa Lam and Muhammad Aziz Rahman

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010113 - 15 Jan 2025

Abstract

Studies showed healthcare professionals who are non-smokers are more likely to deliver smoking cessation advice to their patients than those who are smokers. However, healthcare professionals continue to smoke across the globe. This scoping review assessed the available data on the prevalence and predictors of smoking among healthcare professionals in Australia. Following the PRISMA extension for the Scoping Review checklist, a systematic literature search was conducted on CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library in August 2024. Articles published between 1990 and 2024 were considered, and finally, 26 papers met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Australian healthcare professionals showed varying smoking prevalence. For physicians, it was 10.2% in 1990 to 7.4% in 2013; among dentists, 6% in 1993 to 4.9% in 2004; and among nurses, 21.7% in 1991 and 10.3% during 2014–15. The highest smoking rates were observed among Aboriginal health workers (AHWs): 63.6% in 1995 to 24.6% in 2021. Age was a positive predictor for smoking among nurses, and so was male gender among dentists, physicians, and nurses; other predictors included area of specialty, lower emotional wellbeing, etc. This review highlighted a declining trend in smoking among healthcare professionals in Australia; however, it was not proportionate among the different health specialties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Global Health)

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13 pages, 264 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Retrospective Analysis Evaluating the Impact of Neighborhood Deprivation on Birth Weight in Phoenix, Arizona

by Kristin D. Mickelson, Megan Witsoe, Brittany Krzyzanowski, Pooja Doehrman, Samantha Dinh, Guangying Zhou and Jacqueline Nguyen

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010112 - 15 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: Health inequities begin before birth and are influenced by pregnancy conditions, race/ethnicity, social class, and environment. Research indicates that, in the United States, Black women are significantly more likely to have low-birth-weight babies compared to White women. Interestingly, Hispanic women in the United States do not experience this birth weight inequity. The reasons for this disparity remain unclear. Both Hispanic and Black women face discrimination, and this is often cited as a primary reason for the higher prevalence of low-birth-weight babies among Black women. One type of discrimination that is less examined is neighborhood deprivation. Method: This study systematically examined the impact of various sociodemographic and pregnancy predictors among 9607 women in Phoenix, Arizona. Using multilevel modeling, we analyzed whether neighborhood deprivation (using the Area Deprivation Index) influenced the association between demographic and pregnancy risk and protective factors on birth weight outcomes. Results: Consistent with prior research, we found that Black and Asian women had lower-birth-weight babies than White women, while Hispanic women did not show a significant difference from non-Hispanic women. Additionally, multilevel modeling suggested that increased neighborhood deprivation tends to exacerbate the impact of some risk factors (e.g., race) and reduce the impact of specific protective factors (e.g., gestational age) on birth weight. Conclusion: These findings suggest that both place and individual factors synergistically influence birth weight outcomes. Moreover, the results underscore the importance of targeting interventions to enhance resources among those who live in the most deprived neighborhoods. Full article

19 pages, 296 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Building Connections and Striving to Build Better Futures: A Qualitative Interview Study of Alcohol Recovery Navigators’ Practice in the North East of England, UK

by Domna Salonen, Amy O’Donnell, Katherine Jackson, Sarah Hulse, James Crosbie, Ryan Swiers, Fiona Tasker, Gemma Muldowney, Anna Pickford, Floor Christie-de Jong, Eileen Kaner and Emma-Joy Holland

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010111 - 15 Jan 2025

Abstract

To address the holistic and continuity of care needs of people who attend North East hospitals frequently for alcohol-related reasons, Recovery Navigator (Navigator) roles were introduced into Alcohol Care Teams in six hospitals in the North East of England, UK, in 2022. The Navigators aimed to provide dedicated holistic support to patients experiencing alcohol harms, starting whilst in the hospital with the potential to continue this beyond discharge. This qualitative study explores the contributions that the Navigators make towards integrated alcohol care. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 7 patients, 1 carer, and 17 staff. We used reflexive thematic analysis and applied the concept of continuity of care and Self-Determination Theory. The findings suggest that all of the participants value Navigators having dedicated time to work with patients to address their social needs, that patients benefit from having someone who provides relational support and is ‘gently persistent’, and that most of the Navigators have good relationships with community providers and have supported the transition of patients to these services. Staff recognise the challenges of holistic alcohol care in hospitals, and the support of the Alcohol Care Teams and Navigators is seen as invaluable. Navigators help to address gaps in the provision of holistic support for patients who experience significant health inequalities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alcohol Use in Disadvantaged Populations: Health Equalities and Appropriate Intervention)

25 pages, 1025 KiB

Open AccessReview

Characterising Carbon Monoxide Household Exposure and Health Impacts in High- and Middle-Income Countries—A Rapid Literature Review, 2010–2024

by Sarah V. Williams, Rebecca Close, Frédéric B. Piel, Benjamin Barratt and Helen Crabbe

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010110 - 15 Jan 2025

Abstract

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas, and faulty gas appliances or solid fuel burning with incomplete combustion are possible CO sources in households. Evaluating household CO exposure models and measurement studies is key to understanding where CO exposures may result in adverse health outcomes. This assists the assessment of the burden of disease in high- and middle-income countries and informs public health interventions in higher-risk environments. We conducted a literature review to identify themes that characterise CO exposure in household dwellings. A keyword-structured search using literature databases was conducted to find studies published in the period of 1 January 2010–5 June 2024. We focused on studies from high- and middle-income countries, excluding animal and biomass studies, and narratively synthesised themes. We identified 5294 papers in the literature search and included 22 papers from thirteen countries in the review. Most measured CO levels were below the WHO or country guidance levels, with sporadic peaks of measured CO linked to fuel-burning activities. To understand CO exposure in households, we identified sixteen themes grouped into five main categories: dwelling characteristics, source characteristics, temporal variation, environmental characteristics, and socioeconomic status of occupants. Seasonal variation (temporal variation), size of room and ventilation (dwelling characteristics), and cooking and outdoor CO levels (source characteristics) had the most evidence. These themes characterising CO exposure in household dwellings are important to aid the development of indoor exposure models and for understanding where CO exposures result in adverse health outcomes. These themes should be validated by household CO monitoring studies, which will enable the identification of higher-risk household dwellings and inform public health actions. Full article

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19 pages, 2943 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The First Report of Environmental Exposure to Barium in 10 Localities Close to Industrial Areas and Ports in the Amazon

by Brenda Rodrigues Chagas, Volney de Magalhães Câmara, Karytta Sousa Naka, Thaís Karolina Lisboa de Queiroz, Lorena de Cássia dos Santos Mendes, Iracina Maura de Jesus, Marcelo de Oliveira Lima and Armando Meyer

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010109 - 15 Jan 2025

Abstract

Environmental exposure to metallic contaminants such as barium (Ba) is a worldwide concern, as these metals can even be toxic to the human body. Data on different sources of exposure to Ba and possible routes of entry are important for preventing adverse health effects. Blood Ba levels were evaluated in 10 localities in the cities of Barcarena and Abaetetuba in the Amazon. Ba levels were quantified using induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the data were stratified per epidemiological variables and lifestyle habits. The localities were divided into two groups: Group 1, localities wherein individuals had the lowest median levels (0.299–1.330 µg·L⁻¹), and Group 2, localities wherein individuals had the highest median levels (8740–37,300 µg·L⁻¹). Factors such as duration of residency, sex, age, smoking status, and alcohol consumption significantly contributed to the increase in exposure. The highest concentrations were associated with drinking water sources such as underground wells and local rivers, as well as the consumption of fish. This is the first study to record Ba exposure in individuals living in localities close to the industrial areas in the Amazon. These findings may facilitate the development of new health surveillance policies and the implementation of preventive measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Health)

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10 pages, 623 KiB

Open AccessArticle

WHOQOL-BREF in Measuring Quality of Life Among Sickle Cell Disease Patients with Leg Ulcers

by Caroline Conceição da Guarda, Jéssica Eutímio de Carvalho Silva, Gabriela Imbassahy Valentim Melo, Paulo Vinícius Bispo Santana, Juliana Almeida Pacheco, Bruno Terra Correa, Edvan do Carmo Santos, Elisângela Vitória Adorno, Andrea Spier, Teresa Cristina Cardoso Fonseca, Marilda Souza Goncalves and Milena Magalhães Aleluia

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010108 - 15 Jan 2025

Abstract

Sickle cell disease (SCD) presents complex clinical manifestations influenced by genetic, social, environmental, and healthcare access factors as well as socioeconomic status. In this context, sickle cell leg ulcers (SLUs) are a debilitating complication of SCD. We aimed to describe sociodemographic data and evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of SCD patients with and without SLUs. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 13 SCD patients with SLUs and 42 without LUs. Clinical data were obtained by reviewing the medical records, and QoL was assessed with the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Our cohort of patients had a mean age of 34.9 years, with 52.8% male, 52.8% identifying as black, and 41.7% identifying as brown. Most had low income, incomplete education, and high unemployment rates. The social habits and relationships of SCD patients showed varying levels of friendship and family closeness, and the majority of SLU+ patients did not practice sports. We failed to find statistical differences in the WHOQOL-BREF domains between SLU+ and SLU− patients. However, higher income and employment status were associated with improved WHOQOL-BREF domain scores in SCD patients, while vaso-occlusive episodes and female gender were linked to lower scores. Our data reinforce the sociodemographic characteristics of SCD. The physical domain was associated with income, occupation, and vaso-occlusion. The psychological domain was associated with income and occupation. The social relationship domain was associated with occupation and female gender. The environmental domain was associated with vaso-occlusion. The WHOQOL-BREF is a reliable tool to measure QoL in SCD. Full article

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14 pages, 521 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perceived Stress: Psychosocial-Sociodemographic Factors as Predictors of Tension, Irritability, and Fatigue Among Ecuadorian University Professors

by Henry Cadena-Povea, Marco Hernández-Martínez, Gabriela Bastidas-Amador and Josué Calderón-Muñoz

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010107 - 15 Jan 2025

Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify the factors that best predict variations in tension, irritability, and fatigue (TIF) among university professors in Ecuador. Using a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design, data were collected from a probabilistic sample of 364 participants. Psychometric measures were adapted and linguistically validated to assess TIF, and participants completed the Perceived Stress Questionnaire, alongside a sociodemographic questionnaire. Written informed consent was obtained, and participation was entirely voluntary. The results indicated that TIF significantly contribute to perceived stress levels among professors. Specific sociodemographic predictors were identified as statistically significant, providing insight into the multifaceted nature of work-related stress in academic settings and its potential implications for health and job satisfaction. The findings underscore the importance of targeted strategies to reduce stress-related outcomes, addressing factors unique to the academic environment in Ecuador. Additionally, while sociodemographic aspects were associated with variations in stress levels, other stress types also triggered TIF among university professors. Full article

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13 pages, 897 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison Between Water Aerobics and Deep-Water Running on Middle-Aged Adults’ Anthropometric, Hemodynamic and Functional Outcomes

by Larissa dos Santos Leonel, Angelica Danielevicz and Rodrigo Sudatti Delevatti

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010106 - 14 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: Head-out aquatic training, using modalities such as water-aerobics/hydrogymnastics (HYD) and deep-water running (DWR), has been effective in improving the physical, metabolic and cognitive health of middle-aged adults. However, direct comparisons between these modalities are lacking. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of water aerobics and deep-water running on anthropometric, functional and hemodynamic outcomes in adults and older adults. Methods: An uncontrolled pragmatic trial (RBR-2txw8zy) was conducted with participants aged 30 to 80, allocated to HYD and DWR groups. The intervention consisted of 12 weeks of progressive aerobic training with weekly undulating periodization (2× week), divided into three mesocycles (4, 5, and 3 weeks), each lasting 50 min. Intensity was prescribed using the Rate of Perceived Effort (RPE), ranging from RPE 11 to 17. Outcomes assessed included the 30 s chair stand, 30 s arm curl, Timed-Up-and-Go usual (TUG-u) and maximum (TUG-m), 6 min walking test (6MWT), body mass, waist circumference, blood pressure and resting heart rate-HRrest. The analysis was conducted using generalized estimating equations, with per-protocol (PP) and intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses. Results: The study included 104 participants (HYD: n = 63, mean age 59 years, 54 women; DWR: n = 41, mean age 53 years, 33 women). ITT analysis showed improvements in waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and TUG-m in the HYD group, and a reduction in HRrest in the DWR group. Both modalities showed significant improvements in the 30 s chair stand, 30 s arm curl, 6MWT, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio in the PP analysis. Conclusions: Both modalities promoted functional improvements and favorable changes in anthropometric evaluations, with DWR showing a greater reduction in HRrest. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Physiology of Endurance Training and Its Practical Application for Lifelong Health)

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14 pages, 315 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Differential Life Satisfaction in a German Representative Sample

by Christopher Arnold and Beate Muschalla

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010105 - 14 Jan 2025

Abstract

Life satisfaction includes various aspects, such as satisfaction with work, family, environment, and finances, and is influenced by sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors. This representative study investigates differential life satisfaction in the general population and its associations with sociodemographics. The study used a cross-sectional design with 2522 German participants, collected via face-to-face interviews and three-stage random sampling, assessing satisfaction across 17 life areas with the Differential Life Burden Scale. Overall life satisfaction was high (M = 4.46, scale from 1 to 6). Although globally satisfied, most participants (84.2%) named at least one negative area of life. Politics and environment were perceived as dissatisfying (M = 3.1; M = 3.81, respectively); social contacts and leisure time were evaluated as rather satisfying (M about 5.00). Age, income, and unemployment were associated with life satisfaction. Gender and age were differently associated with life domains: Older people were less satisfied with their health. Younger people were more satisfied with leisure time. Younger were less satisfied with their children than older participants. The German population is generally satisfied with life, though factors like age, unemployment, and income influence the number of negatively perceived life domains. This highlights the importance of evaluating specific life areas in addition to overall life satisfaction for a more comprehensive understanding. Full article

23 pages, 795 KiB

Open AccessReview

Athletes’ Knowledge of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction and Their Knowledge of and Engagement with Pelvic Floor Muscle Training: A Scoping Review

by Jacinta Magor, Romany Martin and Marie-Louise Bird

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010104 - 14 Jan 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is prevalent among athletes. Investigating whether athletes are practicing pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) will assist in delineating the factors underlying the burden of PFD in this population. Additionally, investigating athletes’ knowledge of PFD and knowledge of and attitudes toward PFMT may inform interventions to improve the practice of PFMT. Aims: This scoping review aimed to collate the available evidence regarding athletes’ knowledge of PFD and their knowledge of and engagement with PFMT. Furthermore, this review aimed to determine the types of athletes (sports and competition levels) research had been conducted on and the definitions of PFD and PFMT most used. Methods: Six databases were searched up to January 2024. No study design or publication types were restricted; however, non-English articles were excluded due to resource constraints. Additional publications were identified through the reference lists of included articles. Data were synthesized and presented under subheadings relevant to the aims of this review. Results: Thirty-five publications were included for data extraction. Athletes had low practice of PFMT, poor knowledge of PFD and PFMT, but positive attitudes toward PFMT. One publication reported that higher levels of knowledge were associated with a lower prevalence of PFD. The athletic population was heterogeneous in sport type and competition level, and the definitions of PFD and PFMT were ill-defined. Conclusions: Athletes have a low practice of PFMT and poor knowledge of PFD and PFMT. The education of athletes may have a role in supporting pelvic floor health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Fitness and Injury Prevention in Athletes)

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16 pages, 1410 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Sex and Body Composition on Aerobic Capacity in Normal Weight Lean, Normal Weight Obese, and Obese Phenotypes

by Sam R. Emerson, Samantha Hart, Christina M. Sciarrillo, Travis Eden, Tyler J. Godsey, Harrison Smith, Ashley Keller and Bryant H. Keirns

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010103 - 14 Jan 2025

Abstract

Normal weight obesity (NWO) is a body composition phenotype that is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and is characterized by a normal weight body mass index but elevated body fat. The purpose of this study was to determine sex differences in aerobic capacity across body composition phenotypes, including normal weight lean (NWL), NWO, and traditional obesity (OB). We recruited 60 participants according to three body composition phenotypes: NWL (n = 10 females, n = 10 males), NWO (n = 10 females, n = 10 males), and OB (n = 10 females, n = 10 males). Measurements included fasting metabolic risk factors, body composition X-ray scan, and peak exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine aerobic capacity (VO_2peak). Across groups, males (34.5 ± 11.7 mL/kg/min) exhibited greater VO_2peak than females (28.8 ± 8.8 mL/kg/min; p = 0.04). There were no differences in VO_2peak between sexes within the same body composition phenotype, but NWL (42.7 ± 9.0 mL/kg/min) exhibited greater VO_2peak than NWO (27.9 ± 4.4 mL/kg/min; p < 0.0001) and OB (24.4 ± 7.3 mL/kg/min; p < 0.0001). VO_2peak was inversely correlated with relative body fat in the full sample (r = −0.67; p < 0.0001), but was stronger in males (r = −0.78; p < 0.0001) than females (r = −0.53; p = 0.0028). Visceral adipose tissue was not significantly correlated with VO_2peak in the full sample (r = −0.25; p = 0.05) or in males (r = −0.23; p = 0.25), although they were inversely correlated in females (r = −0.36; p = 0.048). Our results suggest low aerobic capacity in both men and women with NWO, similar to men and women with OB. The relationship between body composition and aerobic capacity is strong across body composition phenotypes, but appears to be more consistent in females than males. For healthcare professionals aiming to lower cardiometabolic risk, attention should be given to improving aerobic fitness in both men and women with elevated body fat, including those with NWO. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sex Differences in Physiologic Responses and Long-Term Adaptations to Exercise)

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22 pages, 1513 KiB

Open AccessReview

Regional Variations in the Prevalence of Risk Factors and Non-Communicable Diseases in Papua New Guinea: A Scoping Review

by Bobby Porykali, Ryley Gronau, Phyllis Tran, Juliana Chen, Margaret Allman-Farinelli, Anna Rangan, Shelina Porykali, Robin Oge, Hans Nogua and Alyse Davies

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010102 - 14 Jan 2025

Abstract

Often referred to as ‘the last unknown’, Papua New Guinea’s largely unexplored environments across its four distinct regions, the Highlands, New Guinea Islands, Momase, and Southern, exhibit remarkable diversity. Understanding this diversity is significant in contextualising the risk factors associated with developing non-communicable diseases. This review aims to map and summarise the literature to provide region-specific prevalence data for risk factors and non-communicable diseases. Four databases and grey literature were searched. Two reviewers completed the screening and data extraction. Twenty-one studies were included, with five reporting the data by region and the remaining reporting the data nationwide. Six studies reported on risk factors, thirteen reported on non-communicable diseases, and two reported on risk factors and non-communicable diseases. The Southern region, which includes the Capital, Port Moresby, reported the highest prevalence for most risk factors: anthropometric (overweight, obesity, and waist circumference), lifestyle (betel nut, alcohol, unhealthy diet, and stress), and biochemical (cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c, and metabolic syndrome). The findings of this review highlight the limited evidence base for region-specific risk factor data and the lack of objective diagnosis of non-communicable diseases. There were variations in the prevalence of specific risk factors by region; however, the Southern region stands out as requiring immediate attention for health promotion program interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disparity of Non-Communicable Diseases Among Pacific Islanders)

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16 pages, 596 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of Global Postural Reeducation in Postural Changes and Postural Stability in Young Adults

by Maria Paula Pacheco, Sara Morais, Paulo José Carvalho, Luís Cavalheiro and Filipa Sousa

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010101 - 13 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: Postural changes are considered a public health issue and have gathered significant interest in both research and clinical practice. Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of Global Postural Reeducation (GPR) in improving postural changes and postural stability in healthy young adults. Additionally, this study aims to identify the main postural changes in the sample population. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted with a sample of students (n = 38) from the 2nd and 3rd years of undergraduate programs at Coimbra Health School, divided into an experimental group (EG) with 20 subjects and a control group (CG) with 18 subjects. The EG underwent a GPR intervention, while the CG received no intervention. Postural changes were assessed using a 3D motion analysis system (Qualisys), and stabilometry was evaluated using a Bertec force platform. Results: At baseline (T0), the groups were homogeneous regarding sample characterization variables, as well as postural and stabilometric variables (p > 0.05). After four weeks of the intervention (T1), no significant differences were observed between the EG and CG for any of the variables studied (p > 0.05). However, within-group analysis for the experimental group revealed a significant difference (p = 0.04) in anterior-posterior velocity, indicating a reduction in this parameter from T0 to T1. In the control group, a significant difference was observed (p = 0.03) in the left knee valgus, indicating a reduction in valgus alignment. Conclusions: GPR does not appear to be effective in improving postural changes or center of pressure displacement in healthy young students. Full article

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4 pages, 187 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Work Psychology and Occupational Health: An Editorial

by Masahito Fushimi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010100 - 13 Jan 2025

Abstract

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted workers’ health, particularly their mental well-being [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Work Psychology and Occupational Health)

16 pages, 1334 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations Between Daily-Use Products and Urinary Biomarkers of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Adults of Reproductive Age

by Jayne Marie Foley, Carol F. Kwiatkowski, Johanna R. Rochester, Iva Neveux, Shaun Dabe, Michael Kupec Lathrop, Eric J. Daza, Joseph J. Grzymski, Ben K. Greenfield and Jenna Hua

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(1), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010099 - 13 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: Daily-use products, including personal care products, household products, and dietary supplements, often contain ingredients that raise concerns regarding harmful chemical exposure. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) found in daily-use products are associated with numerous adverse health effects. Methods: This pilot study explores the relationship between concentrations of EDCs in urine samples and products used 24 h prior to sample collection, and ingredients of concern in those products, in 140 adults of reproductive age in Northern Nevada. Results: Having higher numbers of products and ingredients of concern, especially in the personal care category, was associated with higher levels of mono-(-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP). Similarly, taking more supplements was associated with higher levels of methylparaben (MePB). In contrast, using household products with more ingredients of concern was associated with lower levels of monobutyl phthalate (MBP). Generally, women used more products, were exposed to more ingredients of concern and had higher urinary metabolites than men. Participants who rated themselves as being in poor/fair health were exposed to more personal care and supplement ingredients of concern than those in better health. Interestingly, those in excellent health also took supplements with more ingredients of concern. Conclusions: Greater product use and more ingredients of concern are associated with urinary metabolites of known EDCs and self-ratings of poor health. Women and people who take supplements are at greater risk, and even people who consider themselves to be healthy can be highly exposed. More education among the general public is needed to make people aware of the presence of these chemicals in their everyday products so they can make efforts to avoid them. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Health)

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