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21 pages, 1070 KB  
Article
GS-MSDR: Gaussian Splatting with Multi-Scale Deblurring and Resolution Enhancement
by Fang Wan, Sheng Ding, Tianyu Li, Guangbo Lei, Li Xu and Tingfeng Ming
Sensors 2025, 25(21), 6598; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25216598 (registering DOI) - 27 Oct 2025
Abstract
Recent advances in 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) have achieved remarkable performance in scene reconstruction and novel view synthesis on benchmark datasets. However, real-world images are frequently affected by degradations such as camera shake, object motion, and lens defocus, which not only compromise image [...] Read more.
Recent advances in 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) have achieved remarkable performance in scene reconstruction and novel view synthesis on benchmark datasets. However, real-world images are frequently affected by degradations such as camera shake, object motion, and lens defocus, which not only compromise image quality but also severely hinder the accuracy of 3D reconstruction—particularly in fine details. While existing deblurring approaches have made progress, most are limited to addressing a single type of blur, rendering them inadequate for complex scenarios involving multiple blur sources and resolution degradation. To address these challenges, we propose Gaussian Splatting with Multi-Scale Deblurring and Resolution Enhancement (GS-MSDR), a novel framework that seamlessly integrates multi-scale deblurring and resolution enhancement. At its core, our Multi-scale Adaptive Attention Network (MAAN) fuses multi-scale features to enhance image information, while the Multi-modal Context Adapter (MCA) and adaptive spatial pooling modules further refine feature representation, facilitating the recovery of fine details in degraded regions. Additionally, our Hierarchical Progressive Kernel Optimization (HPKO) method mitigates ambiguity and ensures precise detail reconstruction through layer-wise optimization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that GS-MSDR consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods under diverse degraded scenarios, achieving superior deblurring, accurate 3D reconstruction, and efficient rendering within the 3DGS framework. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sensing and Imaging)
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15 pages, 615 KB  
Article
Point Prevalence Survey of Antibiotic Use in Latin American Hospitals: 2022–2023
by Paola Lichtenberger, Gabriel Levy-Hara, Robin Rojas-Cortés, Tatiana Orjuela, Jose Pablo Diaz-Madriz, Pilar Ramon-Pardo, Jose Luis Bustos, Anahí Dreser, Tania Herrera, Marcela Pilar Rojas-Diaz, Giovanna Huaquipaco, Didia Sagastume, Jose Luis Castro and on behalf of the Latin American PPS Group
Antibiotics 2025, 14(11), 1078; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14111078 (registering DOI) - 27 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health challenge, exacerbated by the inappropriate use of antibiotics (ABs) and the lack of standardized surveillance in healthcare settings. Objective: The Latin American PPS aimed to provide a standardized methodology for monitoring antibiotic use, gather data [...] Read more.
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health challenge, exacerbated by the inappropriate use of antibiotics (ABs) and the lack of standardized surveillance in healthcare settings. Objective: The Latin American PPS aimed to provide a standardized methodology for monitoring antibiotic use, gather data on antibiotic prescription practices, and support initiatives for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). Methodology: Using a Spanish-adapted version of the WHO PPS methodology, a point prevalence survey (PPS) was conducted between 2022 and 2023 in 67 hospitals across five Latin American countries. Results: A total of 11,094 patients were surveyed, of which 47.9% received at least one AB; surgical and intensive care units displayed the highest prevalence. Most prescribed AB were third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) (22.0%), carbapenems (12.1%), glycopeptides (9.2%), and penicillin combinations (8.6%). A substantial use of agents classified under the WHO’s “Watch” group was found, with notable variances across countries. A multilevel logistic regression model identified that patient age, ICU admission, recent hospitalization, the presence of a catheter, and intubation were significantly associated with higher odds of AB use. In contrast, patients admitted to obstetric or pediatric wards had lower odds of receiving antibiotics. The model revealed considerable heterogeneity between countries, even after adjusting clinical and demographic factors. Conclusions: This study highlights AMS opportunities through targeted interventions, such as optimizing surgical prophylaxis, reducing the use of 3GC, carbapenems, and glycopeptides, and improving adherence to CPGs. These findings provide a comprehensive framework for policymakers and healthcare facilities to develop AMS strategies tailored to the Latin American context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Resistance: A One-Health Approach, 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 2402 KB  
Review
Thermostable Proteases from Geobacillus: Production, Characterization, Structural Stability Mechanisms and Biotechnological Applications
by Meng Wang, Jun-Wei Wang and Jun-Hui Cheng
Microorganisms 2025, 13(11), 2455; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13112455 (registering DOI) - 27 Oct 2025
Abstract
Proteases play key roles in many industrial processes and account for the majority of global enzyme sales. Geobacillus isolates from extreme environments such as marine hydrothermal vents are capable of producing high yields of proteases with thermophilic properties. Many proteases produced by Geobacillus [...] Read more.
Proteases play key roles in many industrial processes and account for the majority of global enzyme sales. Geobacillus isolates from extreme environments such as marine hydrothermal vents are capable of producing high yields of proteases with thermophilic properties. Many proteases produced by Geobacillus species have been extensively studied, some of which have been purified and characterized. In addition, the high thermal stability largely depends on structural stability. Based on X-ray crystallography, several factors have been found to affect the structural stability of the thermostable proteases of Geobacillus. Moreover, the thermostable proteases of Geobacillus have a wide range of biotechnological applications, such as in detergent, food, bioremediation, leather-processing and textile industries. Therefore, this review focusses on the thermostable proteases of Geobacillus, including their characteristics, structural stability mechanisms and biotechnological applications. It will help the development of utilizing thermostable protease resources and enhancing their suitability for use in various industrial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Microbial Systems: From Molecular Mechanisms to Biotechnological Innovations)
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15 pages, 1486 KB  
Article
Body Size of Children and Adolescents from Sports Schools in the Municipality of Neiva-Huilla-Colombia
by José David López Laiseca, Kevin Ian Norton and Luís Miguel Massuça
Sports 2025, 13(11), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13110371 (registering DOI) - 27 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background: Accurate anthropometric data provides insight into comprehending morphological optimisation in sports. This study aims to determine the probability that a randomly selected individual from the general reference population falls within the sports-specific population. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 18,462 children and adolescents [...] Read more.
Background: Accurate anthropometric data provides insight into comprehending morphological optimisation in sports. This study aims to determine the probability that a randomly selected individual from the general reference population falls within the sports-specific population. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 18,462 children and adolescents (9–14 years) from the Huila department (general population, n = 17,895) and the Neiva City Sports Schools representing athletes in team sports (sport-specific population, n = 567). Body size attributes (weight and height) were considered, and the bivariate overlap zone (BOZ) was calculated. A valid and noninvasive method was adopted to estimate the maturity offset and, complementarily, the age at peak height velocity. Results: (i) BOZ results demonstrate body size is relatively more important at younger ages compared to adolescent years in both girls and boys across all sports; (ii) differences in BOZ values are clear across different sports; (iii) basketball consistently showed higher BOZ scores in both genders indicating a relatively greater opportunity for selection in this sport based on body size alone; and (iv) BOZ values tend to be substantially lower for boys when compared to girls, particularly in the older age groups. Conclusions: Our study suggested (i) more competition for sports selection among boys, likely too much selection emphasis on body size among the youngest children, and (ii) reduced competition for sports selection among young adolescents, particularly girls. Full article
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27 pages, 29382 KB  
Article
Event-Based Vision Sensor Lifetime Degradation in Low Earth Orbit
by Zachary Wilcox, Rui Graca, Brian McReynolds, John Williams, Saeed Afshar, Alexandre Marcireau, Matthew G. McHarg and Gregory Cohen
Sensors 2025, 25(21), 6599; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25216599 (registering DOI) - 27 Oct 2025
Abstract
We present the first study into the long-term effects of radiation on an Event-based Vision Sensor (EVS) using real-world data from orbit. Falcon Neuro is an experimental, first-of-its-kind payload attached to the exterior of the International Space Station (ISS) operating two DAVIS 240C [...] Read more.
We present the first study into the long-term effects of radiation on an Event-based Vision Sensor (EVS) using real-world data from orbit. Falcon Neuro is an experimental, first-of-its-kind payload attached to the exterior of the International Space Station (ISS) operating two DAVIS 240C Event-based Vision Sensors. This study considers data gathered by Falcon Neuro between January 2022 and September 2024 over a wide range of scenes from Earth-facing and space-facing sensors. Falcon Neuro contains the first working EVS system in orbit. While EVS radiation degradation has been studied on the ground, this is the first study of degradation for EVS cameras of any kind in a real, uncontrolled environment. EVS pixel circuits are unique, analog, and far more complex than CMOS or CCD cameras. By utilizing distinct and unique features in the data created by the different pixel circuits in the camera, we show that degradation effects over the life of the mission caused by radiation or other sources have been minimal, with only one of the 18 measures displaying a convincing deterioration trend. Ultimately, we demonstrate that DAVIS 240C Event-based Vision Sensors have a high aptitude for surviving long-term space flight. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
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20 pages, 1094 KB  
Review
The Gut Microbiome Role in Multiple Myeloma: Emerging Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities
by Mina Y. George, Nada K. Gamal, Daniel E. Mansour, Ademola C. Famurewa, Debalina Bose, Peter A. Messiha and Claudio Cerchione
Hematol. Rep. 2025, 17(6), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep17060056 (registering DOI) - 27 Oct 2025
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a hematological cancer depicted by the proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow, causing immune dysfunction and other abnormalities. The gut microbiome, the microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract, was found to modulate systemic immunity, inflammation, and metabolism. Although [...] Read more.
Multiple myeloma is a hematological cancer depicted by the proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow, causing immune dysfunction and other abnormalities. The gut microbiome, the microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract, was found to modulate systemic immunity, inflammation, and metabolism. Although the interplay between gut microbiome and multiple myeloma has been found in recent research, there is a gap in knowledge linking the effect of the microbiome on the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple myeloma. The imbalance in the gut microbiome, dysbiosis, may influence multiple myeloma pathogenesis through immune modulation and inflammation. Certain microbial species have been associated with multiple myeloma progression, complications, and therapeutic responses to treatment. Moreover, microbiome-derived metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, can influence the immune circuits associated with multiple myeloma progression. Understanding the bidirectional relationship between multiple myeloma and gut microbiota may provide insights into enhanced treatment and the development of new microbiome-based interventions. The current review provides a comprehensive highlight of current evidence linking the gut microbiome with multiple myeloma, demonstrating its significant roles in the development, progression, and treatment of multiple myeloma. Additionally, it focuses on the therapeutic potential of modulating the gut microbiome as a novel adjunct strategy in multiple myeloma management. Full article
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22 pages, 1250 KB  
Article
Redesigning Sustainable Vocational Education Systems to Respond to Global Economic Trends and Labor Market Demands: Evidence from EU Countries on SDGs
by Iryna Storonyanska, Lilia Benovska, Khrystyna Patytska, Olena Ivashko and Ihor Chulipa
Sustainability 2025, 17(21), 9530; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219530 (registering DOI) - 27 Oct 2025
Abstract
The transformation of vocational education and training (VET) systems has become a strategic priority for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in the context of accelerating global economic transitions. This article examines how EU member states modify their VET systems to address evolving [...] Read more.
The transformation of vocational education and training (VET) systems has become a strategic priority for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in the context of accelerating global economic transitions. This article examines how EU member states modify their VET systems to address evolving labor market demands and align with the objectives of SDGs 4, 8, and 10, utilizing system alignment, decentralization, infrastructure development, stakeholder engagement, and investment in green and digital skills. The article analyzed the influence of these five strategies. Using cross-national comparative analysis and multidimensional indicators, the study reveals that strong partnerships with labor market stakeholders and investments in green and digital transitions significantly enhance the responsiveness and sustainability of VET systems. However, assumptions related to the decentralization of governance and infrastructure expansion were not consistently supported, indicating the need for a more nuanced approach to policy reform. The findings offer practical implications for VET policy design, emphasizing flexibility, system coherence, and future-oriented planning. This study contributes to the growing body of research that links education systems to sustainable economic development. The research also concludes that innovative management models—combining flexible governance, labor-market intelligence, and digital innovation—are central to modernizing VET and improving its adaptability to future skill needs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management for Sustainable Future: Challenges, Innovations and Organizational Performance)
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20 pages, 4527 KB  
Article
Compost Monitoring System for Kitchen Waste Management: Development, Deployment and Analysis
by Sasirekha Gurla Venkata Kameswari, Arun Basavaraju, Chandrashekhar Siva Kumar and Jyotsna Bapat
IoT 2025, 6(4), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/iot6040064 (registering DOI) - 27 Oct 2025
Abstract
Composting can be perceived as an art and science of converting organic waste into a rich and nutritious soil amendment—compost. The existing literature talks about how and what parameters need to be monitored in the process of composting and what actions are to [...] Read more.
Composting can be perceived as an art and science of converting organic waste into a rich and nutritious soil amendment—compost. The existing literature talks about how and what parameters need to be monitored in the process of composting and what actions are to be taken to optimize the process. In this paper, the development, deployment and data analytics of a compost monitoring system are presented, wherein not only the parameters to be measured but also the topology, mechanical design and battery operation details, which are crucial for the deployment of the system, are considered. Having realized that the temperature plays an important role in the process of composting, a contactless method of monitoring the compost temperature, using thermal imaging, has been investigated. Results showing the screenshots of the successfully developed system, plots of the obtained data and the inferences drawn from them are presented. This work not only contributes to the composting data, which is scarce, but also brings out the advantages of using thermal images in addition to temperature sensor probes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Internet of Things Architectures, Applications, and Strategies: Emerging Paradigms, Technologies, and Advancing AI Integration)
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22 pages, 1339 KB  
Article
AI-Powered Security for IoT Ecosystems: A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach to Anomaly Detection
by Deepak Kumar, Priyanka Pramod Pawar, Santosh Reddy Addula, Mohan Kumar Meesala, Oludotun Oni, Qasim Naveed Cheema, Anwar Ul Haq and Guna Sekhar Sajja
J. Cybersecur. Priv. 2025, 5(4), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5040090 (registering DOI) - 27 Oct 2025
Abstract
The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has introduced new vulnerabilities that traditional security mechanisms often fail to address effectively. Signature-based intrusion detection systems cannot adapt to zero-day attacks, while rule-based solutions lack scalability for the diverse and high-volume traffic in [...] Read more.
The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has introduced new vulnerabilities that traditional security mechanisms often fail to address effectively. Signature-based intrusion detection systems cannot adapt to zero-day attacks, while rule-based solutions lack scalability for the diverse and high-volume traffic in IoT environments. To strengthen the security framework for IoT, this paper proposes a deep learning-based anomaly detection approach that integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BiGRUs). The model is further optimized using the Moth–Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithm for automated hyperparameter tuning. To mitigate class imbalance in benchmark datasets, we employ Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for synthetic sample generation alongside Z-score normalization. The proposed CNN–BiGRU + MFO framework is evaluated on two widely used datasets, UNSW-NB15 and UCI SECOM. Experimental results demonstrate superior performance compared to several baseline deep learning models, achieving improvements across accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC–AUC. These findings highlight the potential of combining hybrid deep learning architectures with evolutionary optimization for effective and generalizable intrusion detection in IoT systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cybersecurity in the Age of AI and IoT: Challenges and Innovations)
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17 pages, 261 KB  
Article
Traumatic Symptoms Among Syrian Refugees in Host Countries: A Comparative Study of Jordan and Spain
by Dalia Al-Hourani, Mahmoud Al-Wriekat, Rocío Llamas-Ramos and Inés Llamas-Ramos
Societies 2025, 15(11), 295; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15110295 (registering DOI) - 27 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background: Displaced individuals endure challenges, including conflict, forced migration, family separation, human rights violations, limited access to essential services, and increased exposure to violence and abuse. These hardships significantly impact their mental health, often leading to heightened trauma-related symptoms. Methods: We used a [...] Read more.
Background: Displaced individuals endure challenges, including conflict, forced migration, family separation, human rights violations, limited access to essential services, and increased exposure to violence and abuse. These hardships significantly impact their mental health, often leading to heightened trauma-related symptoms. Methods: We used a cross-sectional correlational design in refugee camps, homes, and centers across Jordan and Spain. 200 refugees with confirmed status in the past ten years were recruited. Demographic data were collected via a demographic form, the PTSD-8 Inventory assessed traumatic symptoms, and data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Chi-square tests. Results: Most participants had a secondary education, were unemployed, and had low incomes. PTSD symptoms were prevalent, with rates of recurrent thoughts (63.5%), re-experiencing events (57.5%), nightmares (50.5%), sudden reactions (56.5%), activity avoidance (53.5%), avoidance of specific thoughts or feelings (56.5%), jumpiness (53.5%), hypervigilance (53.5%), feeling on guard (41.5%), and general avoidance (43.5%) rated from rarely to most of the time. All symptoms were significantly more frequent among refugees in Jordan than in Spain. Conclusions and Recommendations: Intrusive thoughts were more frequent among females, urban residents, and unemployed individuals. Avoidance behaviors were higher in married and unemployed individuals. Hypervigilance was more prevalent among females, married individuals, and those with lower incomes. Regionally, females and married individuals in Jordan exhibited more intrusive thoughts and avoidance. In Spain, intrusive thoughts and hypervigilance were more common among females and the unemployed. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions, particularly in refugee camps like those in Jordan, where PTSD symptom rates were significantly higher. Programs should prioritize trauma-focused therapies, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, while adopting gender-sensitive approaches to address the heightened vulnerability of women and unemployed individuals. Given the strong link between unemployment and symptom severity, livelihood support and vocational training should be integrated into psychosocial care. Policymakers in host countries like Jordan could benefit from adopting integration strategies similar to Spain’s, which may contribute to lower PTSD prevalence. Additionally, community-based awareness initiatives could improve early symptom recognition and access to care. Future research should explore longitudinal outcomes to assess the long-term impact of displacement and resettlement conditions on mental health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Migrants, Refugees and Labor Markets: International Perspectives on Inclusion and Exclusion in the New Millennium)
13 pages, 222 KB  
Article
Long COVID Is Associated with Excess Direct Healthcare Expenditures Among Adults in the United States
by Rolake Neba, Lakshmi Sraddha Pedaprolu, Bryan Neba and Usha Sambamoorthi
Healthcare 2025, 13(21), 2704; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13212704 (registering DOI) - 27 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background: Long COVID can lead to a considerable economic burden because of ongoing care for persistent symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, or cognitive dysfunction. However, systematic research quantifying healthcare expenditures associated with long COVID remains limited. Objective: This study estimated the excess total, [...] Read more.
Background: Long COVID can lead to a considerable economic burden because of ongoing care for persistent symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, or cognitive dysfunction. However, systematic research quantifying healthcare expenditures associated with long COVID remains limited. Objective: This study estimated the excess total, payer, and out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures associated with long COVID among adults in the United States (US). Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis on adults ≥18 years using 2022 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data (N = 17,119; representing approximately 254 million adults). Economic burden was measured with (1) total, (2) payer, and (3) out-of-pocket expenditures by individuals and their families. Generalized linear models (GLMs) with gamma distribution and log link were utilized to estimate excess expenditures associated with long COVID after adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, social determinants of health, health status, and lifestyle factors. Results: Overall, 7.0% of the population reported long COVID. Adults with long COVID exhibited higher total (USD 11,305 vs. USD 7162) and payer (USD 9983 vs. USD 6097) expenditures compared to those with no COVID. In a fully adjusted analysis, long COVID was associated with an excess of USD 4098 in total healthcare expenditures and USD 3705 in payer expenditures. We did not observe significant differences in out-of-pocket expenditures between those with long COVID and no COVID. Conclusions: Adults with long COVID had 1.5 times higher total healthcare costs compared to those without COVID. This study highlights the need for comprehensive strategies and policies to reduce the economic burden associated with long COVID. Full article
13 pages, 10831 KB  
Article
Investigation on Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Al-Mg-Zn Aluminum Alloy via Uniaxial Isothermal Hot Compression Tests
by Fei He, Junzhe Huang, Kai Zhu, Xiwu Li, Kai Wen, Guanjun Gao, Lizhen Yan, Hongwei Yan, Zhihui Li, Yongan Zhang and Baiqing Xiong
Materials 2025, 18(21), 4903; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18214903 (registering DOI) - 27 Oct 2025
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of a novel high-magnesium-content (high-Mg) aluminum alloy, bridging the disciplines of material processing and physical metallurgy. Uniaxial hot compression tests were performed over the temperature range of 280~400 °C and strain [...] Read more.
In this study, we investigated the hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of a novel high-magnesium-content (high-Mg) aluminum alloy, bridging the disciplines of material processing and physical metallurgy. Uniaxial hot compression tests were performed over the temperature range of 280~400 °C and strain rates of 0.001~10 s−1 to investigate its hot deformation behavior. The flow stress curves were systematically analyzed, and a constitutive model was developed to describe the thermo-mechanical response of the alloy. Microstructural evolution was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results indicate that dynamic recovery serves as the dominant softening mechanism at lower deformation temperatures (≤320 °C). As the temperature increased to 400 °C, a significant rise in dynamic recrystallization was observed. Moreover, at 400 °C, higher strain rates led to the formation of abundant, network-like, mushroom-shaped dynamically recrystallized grains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Metals and Alloys)
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31 pages, 2790 KB  
Article
An Integrated Financial–Sustainability Framework for Predicting Green Infrastructure Project Success
by Ahmad A. Tareemi
Sustainability 2025, 17(21), 9529; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219529 (registering DOI) - 27 Oct 2025
Abstract
To overcome the inadequacy of traditional financial metrics in appraising green infrastructure, this study develops and validates an integrated framework combining financial and sustainability indicators to more accurately predict project performance. Employing a mixed-methods design, this study synthesized metrics from expert interviews (N [...] Read more.
To overcome the inadequacy of traditional financial metrics in appraising green infrastructure, this study develops and validates an integrated framework combining financial and sustainability indicators to more accurately predict project performance. Employing a mixed-methods design, this study synthesized metrics from expert interviews (N = 24) and literature, then collected data from 42 completed projects in Gulf Cooperation Council countries. The framework’s predictive validity was tested using a novel application of a Gradient Boosting Machine (XGBoost) model, with SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis ensuring model interpretability. The integrated framework yielded higher out-of-sample discriminatory performance (AUC-ROC = 0.88) than a baseline using only traditional metrics (AUC-ROC = 0.71). In SHAP analyses, RBCR and LCC contributed most to the model’s predictions, whereas NPV and IRR contributed least. These results indicate stronger predictive associations for sustainability-oriented metrics in this study’s model. Because the design is cross-sectional and predictive, all findings are associational rather than causal; residual confounding is possible. The validated, interpretable model is therefore positioned as a decision support tool that complements, rather than replaces, expert appraisal. Full article
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22 pages, 2807 KB  
Article
A Crisis-Proof Electrical Power System: Desirable Characteristics and Investment Decision Support Approaches
by Renata Nogueira Francisco de Carvalho, Erik Eduardo Rego, Pamella Elleng Rosa Sangy and Simone Quaresma Brandão
Electricity 2025, 6(4), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/electricity6040061 (registering DOI) - 27 Oct 2025
Abstract
Electricity expansion planning is inherently subject to uncertainty, shaped by climatic, regulatory, and economic risks. In Brazil, this challenge is compounded by recurrent crises that have repeatedly reduced electricity demand. This study proposes a complementary decision-support approach to make planning more resilient to [...] Read more.
Electricity expansion planning is inherently subject to uncertainty, shaped by climatic, regulatory, and economic risks. In Brazil, this challenge is compounded by recurrent crises that have repeatedly reduced electricity demand. This study proposes a complementary decision-support approach to make planning more resilient to such crises. Using Brazil’s official optimization models (NEWAVE), we introduce two analytical elements: (i) a regret-minimization screen for choosing between conservative and optimistic demand trajectories and (ii) a flexibility stress test that evaluates the cost impact of compulsory-dispatch shares in generation portfolios. Key findings show that conservative demand projections systematically minimize consumer-cost regret when crises occur, while portfolios with lower compulsory-dispatch shares reduce total system cost and improve adaptability across 2000 hydro inflow scenarios. These results highlight that crisis-robust planning requires combining cautious demand assumptions with flexible supply portfolios. Although grounded in the Brazilian context, the methodological contributions are generalizable and provide practical guidance for other electricity markets facing deep and recurrent uncertainty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Energy Systems for a Decarbonized Future: Renewable Integration, Smart Grids, and Optimization Strategies)
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40 pages, 4019 KB  
Review
Data Integration and Storage Strategies in Heterogeneous Analytical Systems: Architectures, Methods, and Interoperability Challenges
by Paraskevas Koukaras
Information 2025, 16(11), 932; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16110932 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025
Abstract
In the current scenario of universal accessibility of data, organisations face highly complex challenges related to integrating and processing diverse sets of data in order to meet their analytical needs. This review paper analyses traditional and innovative methods used for data storage and [...] Read more.
In the current scenario of universal accessibility of data, organisations face highly complex challenges related to integrating and processing diverse sets of data in order to meet their analytical needs. This review paper analyses traditional and innovative methods used for data storage and integration, with particular focus on their implications for scalability, consistency, and interoperability within an analytical ecosystem. In particular, it contributes a cross-layer taxonomy linking integration mechanisms (schema matching, entity resolution, and semantic enrichment) to storage/query substrates (row/column stores, NoSQL, lakehouse, and federation), together with comparative tables and figures that synthesise trade-offs and performance/governance levers. Through schema mapping solutions addressing the challenges brought about by structural heterogeneity, storage architectures varying from traditional storage solutions all the way to cloud storage solutions, and ETL pipeline integration using federated query processors, the research provides specific attention for the application of metadata management, with a focus on semantic enrichment using ontologies and lineage management to enable end-to-end traceability and governance. It also covers performance hotspots and caching techniques, along with consistency trade-offs arising out of distributed systems. Empirical case studies from real applications in enterprise lakehouses, scientific exploration activities, and public governance applications serve to invoke this review. Following this work is the possibility of future directions in convergent analytical platforms with support for multiple workloads, along with metadata-centric orchestration with provisions for AI-based integration. Combining technological advancement with practical considerations results in an enabling resource for researchers and practitioners seeking the creation of fault-tolerant, reliable, and future-ready data infrastructure. This review is primarily aimed at researchers, system architects, and advanced practitioners who design and evaluate heterogeneous analytical platforms. It also offers value to graduate students by serving as a structured overview of contemporary methods, thereby bridging academic knowledge with industrial practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Methods for Multi-Source Information Management, Modeling, and Analysis)
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12 pages, 430 KB  
Article
The Impact of Postoperative Intravenous Iron Therapy on Clinical Outcomes in Surgical Patients with Iron-Deficiency Anemia: A Comparative Analysis by Frailty Status in the Setting of Elective Cardiac Surgery
by Laser Şanal, Erdal Şimşek and Serdar Günaydın
Medicina 2025, 61(11), 1919; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61111919 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to comparatively investigate the impact of postoperative intravenous iron therapy (IVIT) as an add-on to preoperative IVIT on clinical outcomes in frail versus non-frail patients with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in the setting of elective cardiac surgery. Materials [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to comparatively investigate the impact of postoperative intravenous iron therapy (IVIT) as an add-on to preoperative IVIT on clinical outcomes in frail versus non-frail patients with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in the setting of elective cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective single-center study. The data was collected prospectively between January 2021 and November 2024. A total of 200 patients with IDA (100 frail and 100 propensity-score-matched non-frail patients) who received IVIT before and/or after elective cardiac surgery were included. Patients were divided into four equal groups including frail pre/post group (frail patients with preoperative plus postoperative IVIT), non-frail pre/post group (non-frail patients with preoperative plus postoperative IVIT), frail pre group (frail patients with preoperative IVIT) and non-frail pre group (non-frail patients with preoperative IVIT). Perioperative parameters, postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay (LOS) were recorded in each group. Postoperative follow-up parameters included change in hemoglobin levels and reticulocyte count from baseline (on operation day, postoperative day 1, day 7, 1st month and 3rd month) as well as the hospital readmission and mortality rates within 3 months after surgery. Results: Hemoglobin levels (10.6 ± 1.2 g/dL at baseline to 12.6 ± 1.4 g/dL at 1st month and 13.4 ± 1.4 g/dL at 3rd month, p = 0.01 and p = 0.02) and reticulocyte counts (0.035 ± 0.005 × 1012/L at baseline to 0.075 ± 0.005 × 1012/L at 1st month and 0.085 ± 0.005 × 1012/L at 3rd month, p = 0.004 and p = 0.002) were significantly improved from baseline only in the frail pre/post group. Conclusions: Postoperative IVIT demonstrated improved postoperative hemoglobin levels and reticulocyte counts, besides its potential in reducing perioperative transfusions, in the setting of elective cardiac surgery in frail patients with IDA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cardiology)
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22 pages, 422 KB  
Article
Feasibility and Reliability of the Osteoarthritis Quality Indicator Questionnaire for Assessing Osteoarthritis Care in Bilingual General Practices in South Tyrol/Alto Adige, Italy
by Christian J. Wiedermann, Antje van der Zee-Neuen, Pasqualina Marino, Angelika Mahlknecht, Sonja Wildburger, Julia Fuchs, Christian Dejaco, Michele di Lernia, Giuliano Piccoliori, Adolf Engl, Markus Ritter and Nina Østerås
Medicina 2025, 61(11), 1921; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61111921 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Evaluating osteoarthritis (OA) care quality is increasingly relevant for service improvement and benchmarking purposes. The Osteoarthritis Quality Indicator questionnaire (OA-QI) measures patient-reported guideline-concordant care; however, no version has been tested in Italian primary care or bilingual contexts. This study [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Evaluating osteoarthritis (OA) care quality is increasingly relevant for service improvement and benchmarking purposes. The Osteoarthritis Quality Indicator questionnaire (OA-QI) measures patient-reported guideline-concordant care; however, no version has been tested in Italian primary care or bilingual contexts. This study aimed to introduce the OA-QI version 3 (OA-QI v3) in German and Italian, assess its applicability in practice, and examine its acceptability and reliability. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the South Tyrolean General Practice Research Network. Thirty-eight general practitioners recruited 266 patients with hip or knee OA. Patients completed the OA-QI v3 in German or Italian, with subsamples for comprehensibility testing (n = 38) and retest reliability after 14 days (n = 36). Test–retest reliability was analyzed using percent agreement, Cohen’s κ, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and standard error of measurement. The smallest detectable change was analyzed to estimate factual change. Results: Response rate reached 95% of the targeted patients. Patient feedback showed good comprehensibility and ease of use in both languages. Adherence to recommended quality indicators varied, with strengths in physical activity advice, NSAID prescription, and pain assessment, but gaps in weight management, occupational counseling, and assistive devices. Test–retest reliability ranged from fair to substantial at the item level (κ = 0.33–0.69) and was moderate for the total score (ICC = 0.55, 95% CI 0.28–0.74). While measurement error restricted individual-level interpretation, reliability at the practice or institutional level supports application for benchmarking and quality monitoring. Conclusions: The OA-QI v3 was feasible, acceptable, and reliable for group-level assessments in South Tyrol. These findings position OA-QI v3 as a practical tool for identifying care gaps and guiding quality improvement, while providing important lessons for the full validation of the German and Italian versions in larger cross-national samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pathogenesis, Rehabilitation, and Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis)
11 pages, 827 KB  
Article
Comparison of Cryoballoon Ablation Methods in Pulmonary Vein Isolation
by Kaspars Kupics, Raivis Bricis, Kristine Jubele, Ieva Ansaberga, Oskars Kalējs and Andrejs Erglis
Medicina 2025, 61(11), 1920; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61111920 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cryoballoon ablation is a well-established therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF), enabling pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using a single-shot technique. The two primary systems—Medtronic Arctic Front and the newer Boston Scientific POLARx—differ in design and performance characteristics, but few direct comparisons [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Cryoballoon ablation is a well-established therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF), enabling pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using a single-shot technique. The two primary systems—Medtronic Arctic Front and the newer Boston Scientific POLARx—differ in design and performance characteristics, but few direct comparisons exist. This study aimed to compare the biophysical parameters and mid-term outcomes of the POLARx and Arctic Front cryoballoon systems. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective analysis of 200 patients who underwent cryoballoon ablation for paroxysmal or persistent AF, patients were grouped by ablation system: POLARx (n = 107) and Arctic Front (n = 93). Key parameters including nadir balloon temperatures, time to reach −40 °C, procedure duration, dose area product (DAP), complication rates, and recurrence of AF were assessed. Results: The POLARx system achieved significantly lower nadir temperatures in all pulmonary veins compared to Arctic Front (left superior PV: −57.6 ± 5.0 °C vs. −50.1 ± 5.7 °C, p < 0.001). Time to reach −40 °C was also shorter with POLARx (left superior PV: 23.3 ± 7.3 s vs. 33.3 ± 11.5 s, p < 0.001). Despite these advantages, procedure time was longer in the POLARx group (64.7 ± 14.8 min vs. 51.6 ± 19.7 min, p < 0.001). AF recurrence at 11.8 months was similar (33.6% in POLARx vs. 39.8% in Arctic Front, p = 0.93). Phrenic nerve palsy occurred in 5.0% (POLARx) and 4.3% (Arctic Front), with no cases of cardiac tamponade. Conclusions: While both systems demonstrated similar efficacy and safety, POLARx was associated with superior cooling kinetics and biophysical performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atrial Fibrillation: Clinical Complications and Treatment)
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10 pages, 733 KB  
Article
Effects of Selected Biopesticides on Two Arthropod Pests of Cannabis sativa L. in Northeastern Oregon
by Tiziana Oppedisano, Silvia I. Rondon and Daniel I. Thompson
Agrochemicals 2025, 4(4), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals4040019 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation in the United States has expanded rapidly over the past decade. Due to federal and state regulations, only a limited number of studies have examined the chemical options available for controlling pests on C. sativa. In [...] Read more.
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation in the United States has expanded rapidly over the past decade. Due to federal and state regulations, only a limited number of studies have examined the chemical options available for controlling pests on C. sativa. In the U.S., two of the most important species of arthropod pests affecting C. sativa are the beet leafhopper Circulifer tenellus Baker (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). This study evaluated the effects of four biopesticides, Chromobacterium subtsugae, Burkholderia spp., Chenopodium ambrosioides, and azadirachtin, under greenhouse conditions against C. tenellus adults and nymphs and T. urticae adults. Biopesticides were applied to foliage using a calibrated hand sprayer. To evaluate the biopesticides’ potency, C. tenellus adults, nymphs, and mites were released 1 h after treatment; to evaluate the residual efficacy, they were released 7 days after treatment (DAT). In both experiments, C. tenellus adults, nymphs, and mites were counted 1, 3, and 7 days after release. Our results indicate that Burkholderia spp. exhibited the highest efficacy against C. tenellus adults at 7 DAT, whereas C. ambrosioides and azadirachtin caused the greatest nymphal mortality at 1 and 3 DAT, respectively. Our results show that Burkholderia spp. had the greatest potency against C. tenellus adults 7 DAT, while C. ambrosioides and azadirachtin highly affect the mortality of nymphs at 1 and 3 DAT, respectively. Treatments with C. subtsugae and C. ambrosioides showed high potency against T. urticae. Finally, C. subtsugae showed the lowest residual effect against the mite pest. The data presented in this article will add to the arsenal of information to improve the current management strategies used against these two hemp pests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Natural Products in Crop Pest Management)
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18 pages, 728 KB  
Article
Fairness, Greenwashing, and Religious Centrality: Explaining Muslim Tourists’ Conservation Payment Intentions in a UNESCO Geopark
by Ihsan Ro’is, Mohammad Huzaini and Akhmad Jufri
Tour. Hosp. 2025, 6(5), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6050224 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025
Abstract
This study examines how institutional signals shape Muslim tourists’ willingness to pay for conservation in the Rinjani–Lombok UNESCO Global Geopark, Indonesia. Drawing on justice theory, signaling theory, and Islamic stewardship principles, the model positions distributive and procedural justice as positive antecedents of trust [...] Read more.
This study examines how institutional signals shape Muslim tourists’ willingness to pay for conservation in the Rinjani–Lombok UNESCO Global Geopark, Indonesia. Drawing on justice theory, signaling theory, and Islamic stewardship principles, the model positions distributive and procedural justice as positive antecedents of trust in governance, while greenwashing functions as a negative signal. Trust is theorized as the proximal driver of willingness to pay, with perceived overtourism and Islamic religious centrality as contextual moderators. Data were collected through an on-site intercept survey of 235 Muslim tourists across major entry points and viewpoints in the geopark, with balanced coverage of weekdays, weekends, and time periods. Analysis was conducted using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings confirm that fairness strengthens trust, greenwashing undermines it, and trust significantly predicts willingness to contribute. The trust–payment link is weakened by overtourism but reinforced by religiosity, underscoring the role of credible and culturally resonant governance. Full article
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14 pages, 22331 KB  
Data Descriptor
Electrical Measurement Dataset from a University Laboratory for Smart Energy Applications
by Sergio D. Saldarriaga-Zuluaga, José Ricardo Velasco-Méndez, Carlos Mario Moreno-Paniagua, Bayron Alvarez-Arboleda and Sergio Andres Estrada-Mesa
Data 2025, 10(11), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/data10110170 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of electrical parameters is essential for understanding energy consumption, assessing power quality, and analyzing load behavior. This paper presents a dataset comprising measurements of three-phase voltages and currents, active and reactive power (per phase and total), power factor, and system frequency. [...] Read more.
Continuous monitoring of electrical parameters is essential for understanding energy consumption, assessing power quality, and analyzing load behavior. This paper presents a dataset comprising measurements of three-phase voltages and currents, active and reactive power (per phase and total), power factor, and system frequency. The data was collected between April and December 2024 in the low-voltage system of a university laboratory, using high-accuracy power analyzers installed at the point of common coupling. Measurements were recorded every 10 min, generating 79 files with 432 records each, for a total of approximately 34,128 entries. To ensure data quality, the values were validated, erroneous entries removed, and consistency verified using power triangle relationships. The curated dataset is provided in tabular (CSV) format, with each record including a timestamp, three-phase voltages, three-phase currents, active and reactive power (per phase and total), power factor (per phase and global), and system frequency. This dataset offers a comprehensive characterization of electrical behavior in a university laboratory over a nine-month period. It is openly available for reuse and can support research in power system analysis, renewable energy integration, demand forecasting, energy efficiency, and the development of machine learning models for smart energy applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Smart Energy Systems, 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 1727 KB  
Article
Postural and Muscular Responses to a Novel Multisensory Relaxation System in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Feasibility Study
by Laura Zaliene, Daiva Mockeviciene, Eugenijus Macerauskas, Vytautas Zalys and Migle Dovydaitiene
Children 2025, 12(11), 1455; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12111455 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently show postural abnormalities and elevated muscle tone, which can hinder participation in education and rehabilitation. Evidence on the immediate physiological effects of standardized multisensory environments is limited. Objective: To evaluate feasibility, safety and short-term physiological/postural [...] Read more.
Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently show postural abnormalities and elevated muscle tone, which can hinder participation in education and rehabilitation. Evidence on the immediate physiological effects of standardized multisensory environments is limited. Objective: To evaluate feasibility, safety and short-term physiological/postural responses to an automated multisensory smart relaxation system in children with severe ASD. Methods: In a single-session pilot across three sites, 30 children (27 boys; 6–16 years) underwent pre–post postural observation and bilateral surface EMG of the upper trapezius, biceps brachii and rectus abdominis. The system delivered parameterized sound, vibration, and mild heat. EMG was normalized to a quiet-sitting baseline. Results: The intervention was well tolerated with no adverse events. Most children sat independently (25/30; 80%) and a majority stood up unaided after the session (24/30; 76.9%). Postural profiles reflected common ASD features (neutral trunk 76%, forward head 52%, rounded/protracted shoulders 46%), while limb behavior was predominantly calm (73%). Normalized EMG amplitudes were low, with no significant pre–post changes and no meaningful left–right asymmetries (all p > 0.05; Cohen’s d < 0.20), indicating physiological calmness rather than tonic co-contraction. Conclusions: A single session with a smart multisensory relaxation system was safe, feasible, and physiologically calming for children with severe ASD, without increasing postural or muscular tension. The platform’s standardization and objective monitoring support its potential as a short-term calming adjunct before therapy or classroom tasks. Larger, gender-balanced, multi-session trials with behavioral outcomes are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Global Pediatric Health)
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17 pages, 1082 KB  
Article
Longitudinal Association of Maternity Care Practices with Exclusive Breastfeeding in U.S. Hospitals, 2018–2022
by Lucas Gosdin, Kristin J. Marks, O. Yaw Addo, Lauren O’Connor, Sofia Awan, Daurice A. Grossniklaus and Heather C. Hamner
Children 2025, 12(11), 1454; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12111454 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Breastfeeding has health benefits for infants and mothers, and hospitals play an important role in supporting breastfeeding. This analysis examines the longitudinal association of hospital maternity care practices and policies with in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding rates from 2018 to 2022. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Breastfeeding has health benefits for infants and mothers, and hospitals play an important role in supporting breastfeeding. This analysis examines the longitudinal association of hospital maternity care practices and policies with in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding rates from 2018 to 2022. Methods: U.S. hospitals completing ≥2 surveys during 2018, 2020, and 2022 cycles of CDC’s Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) survey comprised a nested longitudinal cohort (n = 2109). Hospitals were given a modified mPINC score (0 to 100 points) based on self-reported adherence to maternity care practices and policies supportive of breastfeeding, including skin-to-skin contact, monitoring following birth, rooming-in, feeding counseling and education, and institutional policies. Hospitals reported their exclusive breastfeeding rates for healthy infants for the duration of hospitalization. A path analysis quantified the total effects of modified mPINC scores on in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding rates in subsequent survey cycles, controlling for annual births. Results: Among hospitals with the highest modified mPINC scores of 100 points, the mean in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding rates were 62.0% in 2018 (n = 129), 62.2% in 2020 (n = 132), and 61.7% in 2022 (n = 138). Hospitals with the lowest scores of <60 points had exclusive breastfeeding rates of 40.6% (n = 247), 41.9% (n = 173), and 37.8% (n = 127), respectively. Hospitals that increased their modified mPINC score by 10 points from 2018 to 2022, regardless of their score in 2018, had a 2.0 p.p. increase in their exclusive breastfeeding rates. In an adjusted path analysis, each 10-point higher modified mPINC score in 2018 was associated with a 4.4 (95% CI, 4.0–4.9) percentage point higher exclusive breastfeeding rate in 2022—through increasing the likelihood of higher in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding rates in 2018 and 2020 and higher modified mPINC scores in 2020 and 2022. Conclusions: Improving and sustaining maternity care practices and policies supportive of breastfeeding are associated with higher in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding over time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infant and Early Childhood Nutrition (2nd Edition))
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15 pages, 268 KB  
Article
Parental Self-Compassion and Psychological Distress in Families of Children with Language and Speech Disorders: A Mixed-Methods Study in the Greek Context
by Eirini Karakasidou, Anna Papadimitriou and Lida Triantafyllou
Children 2025, 12(11), 1456; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12111456 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Parents of children with language and speech disorders frequently face elevated psychological distress, which may hinder their caregiving capacity and overall well-being. In the Greek context, where research in this area remains limited, this study aimed to explore the relationship between parental [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Parents of children with language and speech disorders frequently face elevated psychological distress, which may hinder their caregiving capacity and overall well-being. In the Greek context, where research in this area remains limited, this study aimed to explore the relationship between parental self-compassion and psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) among families of children diagnosed with such disorders. Methods: A mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 150 parents (aged 27–55) using the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Additionally, qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews to gain deeper insight into parents’ emotional experiences, coping strategies, and support needs. Results: Quantitative analyses demonstrated a significant negative correlation between self-compassion and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The qualitative findings revealed themes of emotional burden, adaptive and maladaptive coping mechanisms, and the need for structured emotional support systems. Conclusions: The findings underscore the protective role of self-compassion in mitigating psychological distress among parents of children with communication disorders. Integrating self-compassion training and emotional support into family-centered intervention programs may enhance both parental well-being and child developmental outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Comprehensive Approaches to Assessing and Intervening in Childhood Language and Speech Disorders)
27 pages, 11871 KB  
Article
Experiences Using MediaPipe to Make the Arms of a Humanoid Robot Imitate a Video-Recorded Dancer Performing a Robot Dance
by Eduard Clotet, David Martínez and Jordi Palacín
Robotics 2025, 14(11), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14110153 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025
Abstract
This paper presents our first results obtained in the direction of using a humanoid robot to perform a robot dance at a level comparable to that of a human dancer. The scope of this first approach is limited to performing an offline analysis [...] Read more.
This paper presents our first results obtained in the direction of using a humanoid robot to perform a robot dance at a level comparable to that of a human dancer. The scope of this first approach is limited to performing an offline analysis of the movements of the arms of the dancer and to replicating these movements with the arms of the robot. To this end, the movements of a dancer performing a static robot dance (without moving the hips or feet) were recorded. These movements were analyzed offline using the MediaPipe BlazePose framework, adapted to the mechanical configuration of the arms of the humanoid robot, and finally reproduced by the robot. Results showed that MediaPipe has some inaccuracies when detecting sudden movements of the dancer’s arms that appeared blurred in the images. In general, the humanoid robot was capable of replicating the movement of the dancer’s arms but was unable to follow the original rhythm of the robotic dance due to acceleration limitations of its actuators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Humanoid and Human Robotics)
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14 pages, 1037 KB  
Article
Adulticidal Activity of the Insect Growth Regulators Methoprene and Cyromazine in House Flies (Musca domestica L.): Evidence from Feeding Trials
by Gökhan Erdoğan
Biology 2025, 14(11), 1495; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14111495 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025
Abstract
House flies (Musca domestica L.) are major vectors of numerous pathogens affecting both humans and animals. The global distribution of house flies has been steadily increasing the expansion of human settlements, increased waste production, and the growth of livestock farms established to [...] Read more.
House flies (Musca domestica L.) are major vectors of numerous pathogens affecting both humans and animals. The global distribution of house flies has been steadily increasing the expansion of human settlements, increased waste production, and the growth of livestock farms established to meet the demand for animal-derived products. Frequent exposure to intensive pesticide applications in agricultural and livestock areas has accelerated the development of insecticide resistance, posing a serious challenge to sustainable control efforts. The widespread and repeated use of conventional chemical insecticides has contributed to rapid resistance evolution in many populations worldwide. In this study, the acute toxic effects of two insect growth regulators (IGRs)—cyromazine and methoprene—commonly used in the larval stages of house flies were evaluated against adult flies. Treatments were applied (3 replicates) orally via 40% sugar-water solutions containing 1%, 5%, and 10% concentrations, and bioassays were conducted on eight distinct house fly populations. The results showed that cyromazine caused average adult mortalities of 76.35%, 81.00%, and 84.50% within 48 h, while methoprene produced 70.62%, 99.37%, and 100% mortality at the same concentrations. At 10%, methoprene achieved 100% mortality across all populations, whereas cyromazine induced mortality ranging from 44.28% to 100%. These findings suggest that IGRs can be effective alternatives to conventional insecticides and can be integrated into IPM/IVM programs to reduce chemical use and delay resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arthropods as Vectors of Human and Animal Pathogens: Vector Ecology and Disease Transmission)
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20 pages, 4530 KB  
Article
Development of an Anthropometric Soft Pneumatic Gripper with Reconfigurable Fingers for Assistive Robotics
by Francesco Buonamici, Michele Cerruti, Lorenzo Torzini, Luca Puggelli, Yary Volpe and Lapo Governi
Robotics 2025, 14(11), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14110152 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025
Abstract
This study presents the development of a prototype anthropomorphic soft robotic gripper intended for applications in rehabilitation and assistive robotics, where safe and adaptive interaction with humans is required. The device consists of three elastomeric fingers, fabricated in TPU via FFF 3D printing [...] Read more.
This study presents the development of a prototype anthropomorphic soft robotic gripper intended for applications in rehabilitation and assistive robotics, where safe and adaptive interaction with humans is required. The device consists of three elastomeric fingers, fabricated in TPU via FFF 3D printing and actuated through pneumatic soft actuators that ensure compliant contact with both biological tissue and rigid objects. A custom 3D-printed pneumatic rotary actuator enables finger reconfiguration, thereby extending the range of grasping modalities. The actuation system comprises six 2/2 solenoid valves controlled by an Arduino Uno and integrated into a dedicated pneumatic circuit. Experimental characterization demonstrated a peak grasping force exceeding 17 N on rigid targets, while functional tests in table-picking scenarios confirmed adaptability to objects of varying shapes and sizes. Owing to its anthropomorphic configuration, mechanical compliance, and ease of fabrication and control, the proposed gripper represents a versatile solution for rehabilitation-oriented devices as well as assistive robotic end-effectors in pick-and-place tasks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Biomedical Robotics)
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