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14 pages, 1045 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Neuroticism and Daydreaming in the Link Between Attachment and Suicide Risk in Emerging Adults

by Danilo Calaresi, Valeria Saladino, Fiorenza Giordano and Valeria Verrastro

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(4), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15040052 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

Insecure attachment styles (AS) are related to increased emotional distress, leading individuals to employ unhealthy coping mechanisms. These maladaptive strategies are often linked to impaired functioning, feelings of hopelessness, and isolation, all of which are recognized as risk factors for suicide. This study [...] Read more.

Insecure attachment styles (AS) are related to increased emotional distress, leading individuals to employ unhealthy coping mechanisms. These maladaptive strategies are often linked to impaired functioning, feelings of hopelessness, and isolation, all of which are recognized as risk factors for suicide. This study aimed to examine whether neuroticism and maladaptive daydreaming (MD) sequentially mediate the relationship between AS and suicide risk (SR). A total of 1152 emerging adults (50% female) between the ages of 18 and 25 completed self-report questionnaires. The results revealed that secure attachment (SA) did not show any direct relationship with MD, but it was linked to SR through the mediating influence of neuroticism. Dismissing attachment (DA) did not demonstrate any connections with the other variables. The path among preoccupied attachment (PA) and SR was fully mediated by neuroticism and MD, while the path among fearful attachment (FA) and (SR) was partially mediated by these factors. These findings suggest that addressing neuroticism and MD could be crucial in reducing SR, especially among individuals with specific AS. Additionally, the results underscore the importance of personalized approaches, as interventions may need to be tailored to individuals’ specific AS. Full article

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15 pages, 3115 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Effects of a Non-Insect Artificial Diet on the Nutritional Development of Harmonia axyridis

by Tingting Zhang, Yinchen Yu, Jianyu Li, Li Zheng, Shiwei Chen and Jianjun Mao

Insects 2025, 16(4), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040380 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

Artificial diets applied in the mass-rearing propagation of H. axyridis can improve reproductive ability by optimizing the feeding formula. This study used transcriptome data to investigate the effects of various artificial diets on the growth and development of H. axyridis. Results indicate [...] Read more.

Artificial diets applied in the mass-rearing propagation of H. axyridis can improve reproductive ability by optimizing the feeding formula. This study used transcriptome data to investigate the effects of various artificial diets on the growth and development of H. axyridis. Results indicate that spawning increased with the low-fat and JH III-supplemented artificial diet (Diet 3). Furthermore, the highest glycogen content found in Diet 3 was significantly different from the other two groups. Triglyceride content decreased as adult feeding time increased in the three artificial diet groups, with the fastest decrease observed in the low-fat diet (Diet 2). Protein content increased gradually in the high-fat diet (Diet 1) group compared to the other treatment groups. The adults reared on low-fat artificial diets, when compared to those on artificial diets supplemented with juvenile hormones at the transcriptome level, were found to have upregulated genes enriched in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, ribosome biogenesis, and the hedgehog signaling pathway. In contrast, the genes upregulated in the latter group were enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid biosynthesis, and the metabolism of other amino acids. The results suggest that nutritional status significantly affects the growth and development of H. axyridis and has practical implications for the artificial feeding of natural pest enemies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Insect Physiology, Reproduction and Development)

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12 pages, 1505 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cerebral Hemodynamic Alterations in Dialysis COVID-19 Survivors: A Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Study on Intracranial Pressure Dynamics

by José Lapeña-Motilva, Daniel Fouz-Ruiz, Mariano Ruiz-Ortiz, Eduardo Sanpedro-Murillo, Sara Gómez-Enjuto, Inés Hernando-Jimenez, Aida Frias-González, Andrea Soledad Suso, Evangelina Merida-Herrero and Julián Benito-León

Kidney Dial. 2025, 5(2), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial5020012 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: We observed a COVID-19 survivor with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt who developed increased intracranial pressure during hemodialysis. We hypothesized that post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, patients may have altered cerebral perfusion pressure regulation in response to intracranial pressure changes. Methods: From April to July 2021, we [...] Read more.

Background: We observed a COVID-19 survivor with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt who developed increased intracranial pressure during hemodialysis. We hypothesized that post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, patients may have altered cerebral perfusion pressure regulation in response to intracranial pressure changes. Methods: From April to July 2021, we recruited dialysis patients with prior COVID-19 from two Madrid nephrology departments. We also recruited age- and sex-matched dialysis patients without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the middle cerebral artery velocity before dialysis and 30, 60, and 90 min after the initiation of dialysis. Results: The final sample included 37 patients (16 post-COVID-19 and 21 without). The COVID-19 survivors showed a significant pulsatility index increase between 30 and 60 min compared to those without COVID-19. They also had lower heart rates. Conclusions: We propose two mechanisms: an increase in intracranial pressure or a decreased arterial elasticity. A lower heart rate was also observed in the COVID-19 survivors. This study highlights SARS-CoV-2’s multifaceted effects, including potential long-term vascular and cerebral repercussions. Full article

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17 pages, 4116 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Different Substrate and Microorganism Concentrations on Butyric Acid-Derived Biohydrogen Production

by Gizem Karakaya and Serpil Özmihçi

Processes 2025, 13(4), 1068; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13041068 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

This study examines the effect of inoculum (0.5–3 g/L) and substrate concentration (40–200 g/L) on butyric acid and biohydrogen production by batch dark fermentation at 37 °C. Clostridium pasteurianum DSM525 and Cheese Whey Powder (CWP) were used in the experiments. The results showed [...] Read more.

This study examines the effect of inoculum (0.5–3 g/L) and substrate concentration (40–200 g/L) on butyric acid and biohydrogen production by batch dark fermentation at 37 °C. Clostridium pasteurianum DSM525 and Cheese Whey Powder (CWP) were used in the experiments. The results showed that biohydrogen and butyric acid production increased with a 1.5 g/L microorganism concentration and 80 g/L CWP. A Cumulative Hydrogen Formation (CHF) of 458 mL, butyric acid (BA) of 1.523 g/L, butyric acid to acetic acid (BA/AA) ratio of 3.07 g BA/g AA, hydrogen production yield (Y_H2/TS) of 1278.63 mL H₂/g TS, and butyric acid production yield (Y_BA/TS) of 0.37 g BA/g TS at 1.5 g/L inoculum concentration was achieved. The hydrogen (HPR) and butyric acid production rates (BAPR) were similarly the highest at 1.5 g/L. The maximum specific hydrogen (SHPR) and butyric acid rates (SBAPR) were obtained at 2 g/L and 1 g/L organism concentrations, respectively. In variations of substrate concentrations, 651.1 mL of CHF, 1.1 g/L of BA, 3.23 g BA/g AA of BA/AA ratio, 576 mL H2/g TS of YH2/TS, and 27.4 g BA/g TS of Y_BA/TS were accomplished. HPR and SHPR were the highest at 80 g/L CWP due to no substrate inhibition. The BAPR was at its maximum at 100 g/L, BA accumulation was faster, and the SBAPR was at maximum 40 g/L CWP. The results showed a good adaptation of C. pasteurianum to the butyric acid-derived hydrogen production pathway. This strategy could build a renewable and sustainable process with dual valuable outputs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biological Processes and Systems)

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9 pages, 851 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Performance of Ship-Based QKD Under the Influence of Sea-Surface Atmospheric Turbulence

by Gui-Ying Jiang, Ya-Ping Li, Xiao-Han Li, Wei-Dong Zhang, Zi-Ao Wan, Qi-Ming Zhu, Peng-Fei Gong and Song Zhang

Photonics 2025, 12(4), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12040340 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

There are numerous studies on the effects of ocean turbulence on wireless optical communications and on satellite–ground quantum key distribution (QKD); however, there are few studies on the impact of near sea-surface turbulence on ship-based QKD performance. This study investigates the influence of [...] Read more.

There are numerous studies on the effects of ocean turbulence on wireless optical communications and on satellite–ground quantum key distribution (QKD); however, there are few studies on the impact of near sea-surface turbulence on ship-based QKD performance. This study investigates the influence of sea-surface atmospheric turbulence on laser beam propagation, atmospheric scintillation, and aiming error. It focuses on the impact of sea-surface turbulence on the performance of satellite-to-ship QKD and ship-to-ship QKD systems. The results show that strong turbulence severely degrades QKD system performance; horizontal transmission distances change from 32 km (weak turbulence) to 3 km (strong turbulence) in ship-to-ship QKD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Quantum Photonics and Technologies)

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14 pages, 1939 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Marital Status-Specific Associations Between Multidomain Leisure Activities and Cognitive Reserve in Clinically Unimpaired Older Adults: Based on a National Chinese Cohort

by Cheng Cai, Junyi Wang, Dan Liu, Jing Liu, Juan Zhou, Xiaochang Liu, Dan Song, Shiyue Li, Yuyang Cui, Qianqian Nie, Feifei Hu, Xinyan Xie, Guirong Cheng and Yan Zeng

Brain Sci. 2025, 15(4), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15040371 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: It is unclear how marital status moderates the association between multidomain leisure activities and the progression of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey with up to 10 years of follow-up were used. The [...] Read more.

Background: It is unclear how marital status moderates the association between multidomain leisure activities and the progression of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey with up to 10 years of follow-up were used. The study included participants aged ≥65 years without cognitive impairment at baseline. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate the modifying effect of marriage on leisure activities (multiple types, frequency, and single type) and cognitive decline. Results: A total of 5286 participants (aged 79.01 ± 9.54 years, 50.0% women, and 61.4% rural residents) were enrolled. The results indicated that marital status moderates the relationship between leisure activities and cognitive decline. In the unmarried group, multi-type and high-frequency leisure activities were more strongly associated with slower cognitive decline. Specific activities such as gardening, reading, performing household chores, and playing cards were found to significantly contribute to cognitive protection exclusively within the unmarried group, with no such effect observed in the married group. Conclusions: Marital status affects the relationship between participation in multiple leisure activities and cognitive decline in cognitively intact elderly people. For unmarried older adults, regular participation in leisure activities may be an effective intervention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cognitive, Social and Affective Neuroscience)

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23 pages, 3337 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Direct Medical Costs of Colorectal Cancer in Antigua and Barbuda: A Prevalence-Based Cost-of-Illness Study

by Andre A. N. Bovell, Jabulani Ncayiyana and Themba G. Ginindza

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(4), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22040552 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

Colorectal cancer burden is a threat to health systems in several countries. As the cost of diagnosing, treating, and managing this cancer is unknown in Antigua and Barbuda, this study aimed to estimate its direct medical cost in this country. We used the [...] Read more.

Colorectal cancer burden is a threat to health systems in several countries. As the cost of diagnosing, treating, and managing this cancer is unknown in Antigua and Barbuda, this study aimed to estimate its direct medical cost in this country. We used the prevalence-based cost-of-illness methodology to study data on patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 2017 and 2021. Data record abstraction was carried out to determine the five-year prevalence, and a top-down and bottom-up approach was employed to estimate the direct medical costs for colorectal cancer care components. All costs were computed at 2021 price levels and are reported in United States dollars. The total annual direct medical costs for colorectal cancer were estimated at USD 1.14 million (ranging between USD 0.85 million and USD 1.42 million). Major cost drivers were treatment (USD 613,650.01) and post-treatment side-effects care (USD 402,234.50). The overall estimated direct medical unit costs were USD 139,295.58, with the main drivers being surgery (USD 43,467.10), other complications of treatment (USD 28,469.21), and immunotherapy (USD 19,200.00). This study provides evidence of the economic burden of colorectal cancer in Antigua and Barbuda. The estimates of annual direct medical costs are substantial. Our findings could help in the development of health policy and aid in resource allocation related to local colorectal cancer management. Full article

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17 pages, 3070 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Magnetic Field on ROS Generation in Cu-g-C₃N₄ Against E. coli Disinfection Process

by Elkin Darío C. Castrillon, Santiago Correa and Yenny P. Ávila-Torres

Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(4), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11040028 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

The antibacterial activity of g-C₃N₄ and Cu-g-C₃N₄ was evaluated against E. coli, with their disinfection capabilities influenced by structural characteristics, photocatalytic properties, and modulation under a static magnetic field. The incorporation of Cu²⁺ does not [...] Read more.

The antibacterial activity of g-C₃N₄ and Cu-g-C₃N₄ was evaluated against E. coli, with their disinfection capabilities influenced by structural characteristics, photocatalytic properties, and modulation under a static magnetic field. The incorporation of Cu²⁺ does not significantly affect the (210) reflection in XRD analysis, indicating that the alignment of aromatic layers remains stable. However, the presence of copper enables complete disinfection, in contrast to graphitic carbon nitride, which achieves only partial disinfection. Cu²⁺ is likely positioned at N-aliphatic sites and coexists with hydroxylated species, which may influence photocatalytic performance by modifying reactant adsorption and ROS generation. SEM-EDS analysis confirmed that Cu²⁺ modification did not significantly alter the material’s morphology, although a 3% copper content was detected, suggesting a heterogeneous surface distribution. Thermodynamic analysis showed that exposure to a magnetic field increased the Gibbs free energy of adsorption from 6.34 J/m² to 10.52 J/m², reducing interactions with key reactants essential for ROS formation. As a result, both disinfection and photodegradation efficiency were significantly diminished. Additionally, the presence of a magnetic field was found to modify the surface properties of the material, affecting its photocatalytic performance. In Cu-C₃N₄ materials, a decrease in the contact angle suggests enhanced hydrophilicity, while an increase in surface tension may influence the adsorption of water and hydroxyl radicals. This study underscores the effect of a magnetic field on the photocatalytic behavior of materials deposited on polymeric substrates with intrinsic electronic properties, ultimately impacting overall disinfection efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Magnetic Field Effect on Catalysts)

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11 pages, 840 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sex Difference in the Associations of Socioeconomic Status, Cognitive Function, and Brain Volume with Dementia in Old Adults: Findings from the OASIS Study

by Sophia Z. Liu, Ghazaal Tahmasebi, Ying Sheng, Ivo D. Dinov, Dennis Tsilimingras and Xuefeng Liu

J. Dement. Alzheimer's Dis. 2025, 2(2), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad2020009 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: Sex differences in the association of cognitive function and imaging measures with dementia have not been fully investigated. Understanding sex differences in the dementia-related socioeconomic, cognitive, and imaging measurements is crucial for uncovering sex-related pathways to dementia and facilitating early diagnosis, [...] Read more.

Background: Sex differences in the association of cognitive function and imaging measures with dementia have not been fully investigated. Understanding sex differences in the dementia-related socioeconomic, cognitive, and imaging measurements is crucial for uncovering sex-related pathways to dementia and facilitating early diagnosis, family planning, and cost control. Methods: We selected data from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies, with longitudinal measurements of brain volumes, on 150 individuals aged 60 to 96 years. Dementia status was determined using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale, and Alzheimer’s disease was diagnosed as a CDR of ≥0.5. Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the associations of socioeconomic, cognitive, and imaging factors with dementia in men and women. Results: The study sample consisted of 88 women (58.7%) and 62 men (41.3%), and the average age of the subjects was 75.4 years at the initial visit. A lower socioeconomic status was associated with a reduced estimated total intracranial volume in men, but not in women. Ageing and lower MMSE scores were associated with a reduced nWBV in both men and women. Lower education affected dementia more in women than in men. Age, education, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and normalized whole-brain volume (nWBV) were associated with dementia in women, while only MMSE and nWBV were associated with dementia in men. Conclusions: The association between education and the prevalence of dementia differs in men and women. Women may have more risk factors for dementia than men. Full article

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22 pages, 9907 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Advanced Modular Honeycombs with Biomimetic Density Gradients for Superior Energy Dissipation

by Yong Dong, Jie He, Dongtao Wang, Dazhi Luo, Yanghui Zeng, Haixia Feng, Xizhen You and Lumin Shen

Biomimetics 2025, 10(4), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10040221 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

The honeycomb configuration has been widely adopted in numerous sectors owing to its superior strength-to-weight ratio, rigidity, and outstanding energy absorption properties, attracting substantial academic attention and research interest. This study introduces a biomimetic modular honeycomb configuration inspired by the variable-density biological enhancement [...] Read more.

The honeycomb configuration has been widely adopted in numerous sectors owing to its superior strength-to-weight ratio, rigidity, and outstanding energy absorption properties, attracting substantial academic attention and research interest. This study introduces a biomimetic modular honeycomb configuration inspired by the variable-density biological enhancement characteristics of tree stem tissues. This study examined the out-of-plane compressive behavior and mechanical characteristics of modular honeycomb structures. A numerical model of the modular honeycomb was constructed utilizing finite element technology, enabling simulation studies at varying impact velocities. The improved weight-bearing and impact-absorbing properties of modular honeycomb structures are investigated using theoretical analysis and computer simulations. It also scrutinizes the effects of boundary and matching conditions on the honeycomb’s performance. The results indicate that adjusting the thickness of the walls in both the matrix honeycomb and sub-honeycomb structures can substantially improve their resistance to low-velocity out-of-plane compression impacts. Furthermore, the energy absorption capacity of modular honeycombs during high-velocity impacts is significantly influenced by multiple factors: the impact velocity, the density of the honeycomb structure, and the distribution of wall thickness within the sub-honeycomb and the primary honeycomb matrix. Notably, the modular honeycomb with an optimally designed structure demonstrates superior high-speed impact resistance compared to conventional honeycombs of equivalent density. These insights underscore the potential for advanced honeycomb designs to further advance material performance in structural applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimetic Energy-Absorbing Materials or Structures)

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17 pages, 4201 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Distributed Photovoltaic Short-Term Power Prediction Based on Personalized Federated Multi-Task Learning

by Wenxiang Luo, Yang Shen, Zewen Li and Fangming Deng

Energies 2025, 18(7), 1796; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18071796 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

In a distributed photovoltaic system, photovoltaic data are affected by heterogeneity, which leads to the problems of low adaptability and poor accuracy of photovoltaic power prediction models. This paper proposes a distributed photovoltaic power prediction scheme based on Personalized Federated Multi-Task Learning (PFL). [...] Read more.

In a distributed photovoltaic system, photovoltaic data are affected by heterogeneity, which leads to the problems of low adaptability and poor accuracy of photovoltaic power prediction models. This paper proposes a distributed photovoltaic power prediction scheme based on Personalized Federated Multi-Task Learning (PFL). The federal learning framework is used to enhance the privacy of photovoltaic data and improve the model’s performance in a distributed environment. A multi-task module is added to PFL to solve the problem that an FL single global model cannot improve the prediction accuracy of all photovoltaic power stations. A cbam-itcn prediction algorithm was designed. By improving the parallel pooling structure of a time series convolution network (TCN), an improved time series convolution network (iTCN) prediction model was established, and the channel attention mechanism CBAMANet was added to highlight the key meteorological characteristics’ information and improve the feature extraction ability of time series data in photovoltaic power prediction. The experimental analysis shows that CBAM-iTCN is 45.06% and 42.16% lower than a traditional LSTM, Mae, and RMSE. Compared with FL, the MAPE of the PFL proposed in this paper is reduced by 9.79%, and for photovoltaic power plants with large data feature deviation, the MAPE experiences an 18.07% reduction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI Facilitated Cyber–Physical Energy Systems—Planning, Operation, and Markets)

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20 pages, 3343 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Industrial-Grade CNN-Based System for the Discrimination of Music Versus Non-Music in Radio Broadcast Audio

by Valerio Cesarini, Vincenzo Addati and Giovanni Costantini

Information 2025, 16(4), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16040288 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

This paper addresses the issue of distinguishing commercially played songs from non-music audio in radio broadcasts, where automatic song identification systems are commonly employed for reporting purposes. Service call costs increase because these systems need to remain continuously active, even when music is [...] Read more.

This paper addresses the issue of distinguishing commercially played songs from non-music audio in radio broadcasts, where automatic song identification systems are commonly employed for reporting purposes. Service call costs increase because these systems need to remain continuously active, even when music is not being broadcast. Our solution serves as a preliminary filter to determine whether an audio segment constitutes “music” and thus warrants a subsequent service call to an identifier. We collected 139 h of non-consecutive 5 s audio samples from various radio broadcasts, labeling segments from talk shows or advertisements as “non-music”. We implemented multiple data augmentation strategies, including FM-like pre-processing, trained a custom Convolutional Neural Network, and then built a live inference platform capable of continuously monitoring web radio streams. This platform was validated using 1360 newly collected audio samples, evaluating performance on both 5 s chunks and 15 s buffers. The system demonstrated consistently high performance on previously unseen stations, achieving an average accuracy of 96% and a maximum of 98.23%. The intensive pre-processing contributed to these performances with the benefit of making the system inherently suitable for FM radio. This solution has been incorporated into a commercial product currently utilized by Italian clients for royalty calculation and reporting purposes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signal Processing and Machine Learning, 2nd Edition)

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21 pages, 4349 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Wind Power Grid Integration Power Fluctuation Smoothing Control Strategy Based on Energy Storage Battery Health Prediction

by Bin Cheng, Jiahui Wu, Guancheng Lv and Zhongbo Li

Energies 2025, 18(7), 1795; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18071795 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

Due to the volatility and uncertainty of wind power generation, energy storage can help mitigate the fluctuations in wind power grid integration. During its use, the health of the energy storage system, defined as the ratio of the current available capacity to the [...] Read more.

Due to the volatility and uncertainty of wind power generation, energy storage can help mitigate the fluctuations in wind power grid integration. During its use, the health of the energy storage system, defined as the ratio of the current available capacity to the initial capacity, deteriorates, leading to a reduction in the available margin for power fluctuation smoothing. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the state of health (SOH) and adjust its charge/discharge control strategy based on the predicted SOH results. This study first adopts a Genetic Algorithm-Optimized Support Vector Regression (GA-SVR) model to predict the SOH of the energy storage system. Secondly, based on the health prediction results, a control strategy based on the model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is proposed to manage the energy storage system’s charge/discharge process, ensuring that the power meets grid integration requirements while minimizing energy storage lifespan loss. Further, since the lifespan loss caused by smoothing the same fluctuation differs at different health levels, a fuzzy adaptive control strategy is used to adjust the parameters of the MPC algorithm’s objective function under varying health conditions, thereby optimizing energy storage power and achieving the smooth control of the wind farm grid integration power at different energy storage health levels. Finally, a simulation is conducted in MATLAB for a 50 MW wind farm grid integration system, with experimental parameters adjusted accordingly. The experimental results show that the GA-SVR algorithm can accurately predict the health of the energy storage system, and the MPC-based control strategy derived from health predictions can improve grid power stability while adaptively adjusting energy storage output according to different health levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy)

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21 pages, 3292 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Frequency-Regulated Repeated Micro-Vibration Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation Through BMP Signaling in MC3T3-E1 Cells

by Ayumu Matsushita, Tada-aki Kudo, Kanako Tominami, Yohei Hayashi, Takuya Noguchi, Takakuni Tanaka, Satoshi Izumi, Keiko Gengyo-Ando, Atsushi Matsuzawa, Guang Hong and Junichi Nakai

Life 2025, 15(4), 588; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15040588 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

Physical stimulation, which is a key factor affecting the metabolism of osteoblasts and their precursor cells, plays an important role in bone remodeling; however, the role of micro-vibrations in osteoblast differentiation is unclear. In the present study, we determined the effects of frequency-regulated [...] Read more.

Physical stimulation, which is a key factor affecting the metabolism of osteoblasts and their precursor cells, plays an important role in bone remodeling; however, the role of micro-vibrations in osteoblast differentiation is unclear. In the present study, we determined the effects of frequency-regulated repeated micro-vibration (FRMV) on cell proliferation and established a method to induce osteoblast differentiation through FRMV using the mouse pre-osteoblast-like cell line MC3T3-E1, which is widely used in bone metabolism research. The results indicated that FRMV significantly influenced the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells in a normal growth medium. FRMV at 42.2 Hz significantly promoted proliferation, whereas FRMV at 92.1 Hz showed no effect on the proliferation rate. Moreover, FRMV at 42.2 Hz significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity and ALP gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Treatment with LDN193189, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling inhibitor, revealed that the FRMV-induced upregulation in ALP enzyme activity and ALP gene expression were significantly suppressed in MC3T3-E1 cells. The results suggest that the FRMV protocol developed in the present study induces osteoblast differentiation through the BMP signaling pathway. Thus, FRMV may contribute to the development of effective bone regeneration technologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bone Remodeling)

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20 pages, 274 KiB

Open AccessArticle

“Confession Is Good for the Soul?” Charismatics and Confession in Conversation

by Andrew P. Rogers

Religions 2025, 16(4), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040461 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

Scripture speaks of confessing our sins to God and to one another (e.g., Ps 32:5; Jas 5:16; 1 Jn 1:9). For a tradition that has been strong on sin and the Bible, how do evangelicals deal with confession? In this article, I explore [...] Read more.

Scripture speaks of confessing our sins to God and to one another (e.g., Ps 32:5; Jas 5:16; 1 Jn 1:9). For a tradition that has been strong on sin and the Bible, how do evangelicals deal with confession? In this article, I explore practices of confession in UK charismatic networks based on interviews with five national leaders using a critical conversation methodology. These networks have largely adopted an informal and spontaneous ‘liturgy’ since they began in the 1970s, so this is also a case study of what shape practices take when traditional Christian practices have been put aside. As a semi-indigenous researcher, I offer an account of the ‘what’ of charismatic confession practice from a leader’s perspective: as a network, in public worship, in small groups, and individually. I conclude that these confession practices can be characterised as relational, DIY, and ‘as and when’. I then proceed to offer some ‘whys’ for these practices, including pendulum swings of recent tradition, the relation of confession to charismatic sung worship, and both emic and etic deformations. Finally, I ask, ‘Whither charismatic confession?’ and answer this through posing three questions for reflection around the Bible and confession, the retrieval of practices, and the formative power of practices. This leads into a response to the Special Issue question of how God’s own action is disclosed through these conversations about confession with charismatics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disclosing God in Action: Contemporary British Evangelical Practices)

12 pages, 8504 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Altered Lactylation Myocardial Tissue May Contribute to a More Severe Energy-Deprived State of the Tissue and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in HOCM

by Ruoxuan Li, Jing Wang, Jia Zhao, Jiao Liu, Yuze Qin, Yue Wang, Yiming Yuan, Nan Kang, Lu Yao, Fan Yang, Ke Feng, Lanlan Zhang, Shengjun Ta, Bo Wang and Liwen Liu

Bioengineering 2025, 12(4), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12040379 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common hereditary cardiovascular disease. In general, obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is more closely related to severe clinical symptoms and adverse clinical outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the possible causes of HOCM, which may help physicians [...] Read more.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common hereditary cardiovascular disease. In general, obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is more closely related to severe clinical symptoms and adverse clinical outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the possible causes of HOCM, which may help physicians better understand the disease and effectively control and manage the progression of the disease. In recent years, the discovery of lactylation has provided scholars with a new direction to explore the occurrence of diseases. In cardiovascular diseases, this post-translational modification can exacerbate cardiac dysfunction, and it can also promote the cardiac repair process after myocardial infarction. In this study, we used the myocardial tissue of mice carrying the Myh7 V878A gene mutation site for protein lactylation detection. Through a further analysis of the enriched pathways using KEGG enrichment, GO enrichment, and Wiki Pathways enrichment, we found that the enriched pathways with lactylation modifications in the HOCM mice mainly included the fatty acid oxidation pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway, the adrenergic signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes, and the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy pathway. Among the above pathways, significant changes in lactylation occurred in proteins including Acads, Acaa2, Mdh2, Myl2, and Myl3. We used the COIP experiment to verify the omics results and the ELISA assay to verify the function of the enzymes. We found that a decrease in lactylation modifications also led to a decrease in enzyme function. The abnormalities of these proteins not only lead to abnormalities in energy metabolism in the myocardial tissue of HOCM but also may affect myocardial contractility, resulting in the impaired contractile function of HOCM. The results of this study lay a preliminary theoretical foundation for further exploring the pathogenesis of HOCM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering)

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11 pages, 269 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Fractional Dirac System with Eigenparameter-Dependent and Transmission Conditions

by Abdullah Kablan and Fulya Şahantürk

Fractal Fract. 2025, 9(4), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9040227 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

This work investigates the fractional Dirac system that has transmission conditions, and its boundary condition contains an eigenparameter. Defining a convenient inner product space and a new operator that has the same eigenvalues as the considered problem, we demonstrate that the fractional Dirac [...] Read more.

This work investigates the fractional Dirac system that has transmission conditions, and its boundary condition contains an eigenparameter. Defining a convenient inner product space and a new operator that has the same eigenvalues as the considered problem, we demonstrate that the fractional Dirac system is symmetric in this space. Thus, we have reached some remarkable results for the spectral characteristics of the operator. Furthermore, in the next section of the study, the existence of solutions was examined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Fractional Initial and Boundary Value Problems)

20 pages, 1878 KiB

Open AccessArticle

“I Want to Be Born with That Pronunciation”: Metalinguistic Comments About K-Pop Idols’ Inner Circle Accents

by Jihye Kim and Luoxiangyu Zhang

Languages 2025, 10(4), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages10040075 (registering DOI) - 3 Apr 2025

Abstract

The Korean popular music (K-pop) industry, with its global popularity and increasing multilingual orientation, serves as a suitable context for exploring language perceptions. This research examines the metalinguistic commentary on K-pop idols’ English accents on YouTube. Specifically, we investigate how online users evaluate [...] Read more.

The Korean popular music (K-pop) industry, with its global popularity and increasing multilingual orientation, serves as a suitable context for exploring language perceptions. This research examines the metalinguistic commentary on K-pop idols’ English accents on YouTube. Specifically, we investigate how online users evaluate the idols’ English accents and how their metalinguistic comments communicate linguistic ideologies that favor a “native” way of speaking. Our dataset consists of 602 metalinguistic comments drawn from four popular YouTube videos featuring the evaluation of K-pop idols’ accents. We employ content analysis to first categorize comments into positive, negative, and neutral evaluations, then focus on aspects being evaluated in the users’ comments (e.g., social attractiveness and (non-)nativeness). The results indicate that a vast majority of comments (88.1%) convey positive evaluations, largely associating the idols’ accents with social appeal and native-like accents. Although a few neutral and negative evaluations exist, our result shows a dominant preference for inner circle accents and complex attitudes toward accented speech in digital spaces. We conclude by highlighting the influence of digital platforms in shaping language perceptions and the implications for linguistic stereotyping in the context of K-pop culture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue L2 Speech Perception and Production in the Globalized World)

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26 pages, 12666 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gaslike Social Motility: Optimization Algorithm with Application in Image Thresholding Segmentation

by Oscar D. Sanchez, Luz M. Reyes, Arturo Valdivia-González, Alma Y. Alanis and Eduardo Rangel-Heras

Algorithms 2025, 18(4), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040199 (registering DOI) - 2 Apr 2025

Abstract

This work introduces a novel and practical metaheuristic algorithm, the Gaslike Social Motility (GSM) algorithm, designed for optimization and image thresholding segmentation. Inspired by a deterministic model that replicates social behaviors using gaslike particles, GSM is characterized by its simplicity, minimal parameter requirements, [...] Read more.

This work introduces a novel and practical metaheuristic algorithm, the Gaslike Social Motility (GSM) algorithm, designed for optimization and image thresholding segmentation. Inspired by a deterministic model that replicates social behaviors using gaslike particles, GSM is characterized by its simplicity, minimal parameter requirements, and emergent social dynamics. These dynamics include: (1) attraction between similar particles, (2) formation of stable particle clusters, (3) division of groups upon reaching a critical size, (4) inter-group interactions that influence particle distribution during the search process, and (5) internal state changes in particles driven by local interactions. The model’s versatility, including cross-group monitoring and adaptability to environmental interactions, makes it a powerful tool for exploring diverse scenarios. GSM is rigorously evaluated against established and recent metaheuristic algorithms, including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), Bat Algorithm (BA), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (AHA), AHA with Aquila Optimization (AHA-AO), Colliding Bodies Optimization (CBO), Enhanced CBO (ECBO), and Social Network Search (SNS). Performance is assessed using 22 benchmark functions, demonstrating GSM’s competitiveness. Additionally, GSM’s efficiency in image thresholding segmentation is highlighted, as it achieves high-quality results with fewer iterations and particles compared to other methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Evolutionary Algorithms and Machine Learning)

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11 pages, 2503 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pathology of Free-Living Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta caretta) Embryos on the Island of Linosa (Italy)

by Frine Eleonora Scaglione, Matteo Cuccato, Erica Longato, Paola Pregel, Daniele Zucca, Stefano Nannarelli, Alessandra De Lucia, Marco Pilia, Elisabetta Manuali, Marco Gobbi, Enrico Bollo and Simonetta Appino

Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(4), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12040328 - 2 Apr 2025

Abstract

On the beach of Linosa Island (Italy), 43 loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) unhatched eggs were recovered from nests, formalin-fixed and necropsied. The tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Grocott, von Kossa, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and Movat pentachrome stains. Histologically, [...] Read more.

On the beach of Linosa Island (Italy), 43 loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) unhatched eggs were recovered from nests, formalin-fixed and necropsied. The tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Grocott, von Kossa, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and Movat pentachrome stains. Histologically, vacuolar degeneration (100.0%) and increased numbers of melanomacrophages (18.6%) in the liver, and edema (14.0%) in the lungs were observed. Twenty-five kidneys (58.1%) showed deposition of blue amorphous material with HE staining, which also appeared PAS-positive and black with von Kossa staining, allowing a diagnosis of calcium oxalate, confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hepatic lesions may be indicative of toxicosis, infection, or a defense mechanism. A statistically significant association between the nest position and renal oxalosis (renal calcium oxalate deposition) was observed. Renal oxalosis was probably due to the exceptionally high summer temperatures, which were statistically higher compared to the temperatures recorded in the previous two years. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Anatomy, Histology and Pathology)

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13 pages, 2817 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ortholog Analysis and Transformation of Glycoside Hydrolase Genes in Hyperthermophilic Archaeal Thermococcus Species

by Jun Won Lee, Jae Kyu Lim, Hyun Sook Lee, Sung Gyun Kang, Jung-Hyun Lee, Kae Kyoung Kwon and Yun Jae Kim

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(7), 3305; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073305 - 2 Apr 2025

Abstract

Archaea thrive in extreme environments, exhibiting unique traits with significant biotechnological potential. In this study, we investigated whether Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 could stably integrate a large glycoside hydrolase (GH) gene cluster from T. pacificus P-4, enhancing β-linked polysaccharides degradation for hydrogen production. Among [...] Read more.

Archaea thrive in extreme environments, exhibiting unique traits with significant biotechnological potential. In this study, we investigated whether Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 could stably integrate a large glycoside hydrolase (GH) gene cluster from T. pacificus P-4, enhancing β-linked polysaccharides degradation for hydrogen production. Among 35 Thermococcus genomes examined via OrthoFinder2 and OrthoVenn3, and selecting Tpa-GH gene clusters as the target, we cloned and integrated Tpa-GH into T. onnurineus NA1 using a fosmid-based system, creating the GH03 mutant. Cultivation in a modified MM1 medium supplemented with laminarin revealed significantly higher growth and hydrogen production in T. onnurineus GH03 than in the wild-type strain. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of stable, large-fragment DNA integration in hyperthermophilic archaea and underscore the promise of T. onnurineus GH03 as a strain for high-temperature biomass conversion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermophilic, Heterotrophic Anaerobes—Recent Advances in Phylogeny and Biotechnology)

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76 pages, 16124 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mapping Data-Driven Research Impact Science: The Role of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence

by Mudassar Hassan Arsalan, Omar Mubin, Abdullah Al Mahmud, Imran Ahmed Khan and Ali Jan Hassan

Metrics 2025, 2(2), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/metrics2020005 - 2 Apr 2025

Abstract

In an era of evolving scholarly ecosystems, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have become pivotal in advancing research impact analysis. Despite their transformative potential, the fragmented body of literature in this domain necessitates consolidation to provide a comprehensive understanding of their [...] Read more.

In an era of evolving scholarly ecosystems, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have become pivotal in advancing research impact analysis. Despite their transformative potential, the fragmented body of literature in this domain necessitates consolidation to provide a comprehensive understanding of their applications in multidimensional impact assessment. This study bridges this gap by employing bibliometric methodologies, including co-authorship analysis, citation burst detection, and advanced topic modelling using BERTopic, to analyse a curated corpus of 1608 scholarly articles. Guided by three core research questions, this study investigates how ML and AI enhance research impact evaluation, identifies dominant methodologies, and outlines future research directions. The findings underscore the transformative potential of ML and AI to augment traditional bibliometric indicators by uncovering latent patterns in collaboration networks, institutional influence, and knowledge dissemination. In particular, the scalability and semantic depth of BERTopic in thematic extraction, combined with the visualisation capabilities of tools such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer, provide novel insights into the dynamic interplay of scholarly contributions across dimensions. Theoretically, this research extends the scientometric discourse by integrating advanced computational techniques and reconfiguring established paradigms for assessing research contributions. Practically, it provides actionable insights for researchers, institutions, and policymakers, enabling enhanced strategic decision-making and visibility of impactful research. By proposing a robust, data-driven framework, this study lays the groundwork for holistic and equitable research impact evaluation, addressing its academic, societal, and economic dimensions. Full article

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22 pages, 3121 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Digital Cognitive Stimulation Therapy Combined with Online Hearing Training on Quality of Life in Dementia Patients

by Gregor Hohenberg, Jan Ehlers and Thomas Ostermann

J. Dement. Alzheimer's Dis. 2025, 2(2), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad2020008 - 2 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: Dementia patients often experience a decline in both their cognitive and sensory functions, particularly hearing, which significantly impacts their quality of life. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a combined Digital Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (DKST) and online hearing training intervention in [...] Read more.

Background: Dementia patients often experience a decline in both their cognitive and sensory functions, particularly hearing, which significantly impacts their quality of life. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a combined Digital Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (DKST) and online hearing training intervention in enhancing the quality of life of individuals with dementia. Methods: Twenty-three patients participated in a six-month program integrating cognitive exercises and hearing rehabilitation, facilitated by trained co-therapists. Quality of life was assessed using the Quality of Life (QoL) Questionnaire, while the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was employed to categorize participants based on their cognitive status. Results: The results revealed significant improvements in the overall quality of life. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that combining DKST with hearing training effectively addresses sensory and cognitive challenges, supporting improved quality of life and highlighting the potential of digital interventions in dementia care. Full article

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14 pages, 1453 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sex and Gender Disparities in Missed Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Nested Case-Control Study

by Cécile Barras, Michael Amiguet, Joëlle Schwarz, Patrik Michel and Carole Clair

Clin. Transl. Neurosci. 2025, 9(2), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/ctn9020022 - 2 Apr 2025

Abstract

Backround: The aim is to analyze whether sex and gender are associated with missed acute ischemic stroke (M-AIS). Methods: We performed a nested case-control study, using data collected from March 2003 to December 2020 from ASTRAL (Acute STroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne). [...] Read more.

Backround: The aim is to analyze whether sex and gender are associated with missed acute ischemic stroke (M-AIS). Methods: We performed a nested case-control study, using data collected from March 2003 to December 2020 from ASTRAL (Acute STroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne). M-AIS were compared with a randomly selected control sample of acute ischmemic stroke (AIS). We extracted six gender-related socioeconomic variables. A gendered socioeconomic position (SEP) score was constructed reflecting the level of correspondence with feminine characteristics. Associations between M-AIS and the gender-related socioeconomic variables and the gendered SEP score were investigated using logistic regression. Results: Of the 6007 AIS, 182 (3%) were M-AIS. 80 (44%) were women. No association between administrative sex and M-AIS was found (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.78–2.00). Differences were found for gender-related socioeconomic variables, women in the middle professional category had higher odds of an M-AIS compared to women in the lower professional category (OR 3.93, 95% CI 1.19–13.03). Men with higher education had lower odds of an M-AIS compared to men with lower education (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.10–0.92). For women, a 20-unit increase in the gendered SEP score was associated with lower odds of an M-AIS (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46–0.94). For men, the same increase in the score tended to higher the odds of an M-AIS (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.00–2.32). Conclusions: The interaction of administrative sex with gender-related socioeconomic variables revealed different associations with M-AIS for women and men. Correspondence to expected gender norms may have a protective effect against M-AIS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Health)

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12 pages, 480 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Potentials of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production from Biomass and Waste: How Australia’s Sugar Industry Can Become a Successful Global Example

by Marcel Dossow, Vahid Shadravan, Weiss Naim, Sebastian Fendt, David Harris and Hartmut Spliethoff

Biomass 2025, 5(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass5020021 - 2 Apr 2025

Abstract

Abstract: This study assesses Queensland’s sugar industry potential for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production via biomass-to-liquids (BtL) processes. Using surplus sugarcane bagasse, preliminary estimates suggest that individual mills could support 60–130 MW_th gasifiers, while clustered approaches enable larger capacities. Annual BtL [...] Read more.

Abstract: This study assesses Queensland’s sugar industry potential for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production via biomass-to-liquids (BtL) processes. Using surplus sugarcane bagasse, preliminary estimates suggest that individual mills could support 60–130 MW_th gasifiers, while clustered approaches enable larger capacities. Annual BtL syncrude production could reach 440 mL, increasing to ~1000 mL with additional feedstocks. These findings highlight both the industrial-scale viability of SAF production and the logistical and engineering challenges that must be addressed to align with Australia’s renewable energy and fuel security goals. Full article

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