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25 pages, 3106 KB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Carbon Emissions and Carbon Reduction Benefits of Green Hydrogen and Its Derivatives Based on the Full Life Cycle

by Lili Ma, Wenwen Qin, Mingyue Hu, Daoshun Zha, Jiadong Xuan, Kaixuan Hou and Tiantian Feng

Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9077; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209077 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Under the constraints of the “dual carbon” goals, accurately depicting the full life cycle carbon footprint of green hydrogen and its derivatives and quantifying the potential for emission reduction is a prerequisite for hydrogen energy policy and investment decisions. This paper constructs a [...] Read more.

Under the constraints of the “dual carbon” goals, accurately depicting the full life cycle carbon footprint of green hydrogen and its derivatives and quantifying the potential for emission reduction is a prerequisite for hydrogen energy policy and investment decisions. This paper constructs a unified life cycle model, covering the entire process from “wind and solar power generation–electrolysis of water to producing hydrogen-synthesis of methanol/ammonia-terminal transportation”, and includes the manufacturing stage of key front-end equipment and the negative carbon effect of CO₂ capture within a single system boundary, and also presents an empirical analysis. The results show that the full life cycle carbon emissions of wind power hydrogen production and photovoltaic hydrogen production are 1.43 kgCO₂/kgH₂ and 3.17 kgCO₂/kgH₂, respectively, both lower than the 4.9 kg threshold for renewable hydrogen in China. Green hydrogen synthesis of methanol achieves a net negative emission of −0.83 kgCO₂/kgCH₃OH, and the emission of green hydrogen synthesis of ammonia is 0.57 kgCO₂/kgNH₃. At the same time, it is predicted that green hydrogen, green ammonia, and green methanol can contribute approximately 1766, 66.62, and 30 million tons of CO₂ emission reduction, respectively, by 2060, providing a quantitative basis for the large-scale layout and policy formulation of the hydrogen energy industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy Systems: Integrating Renewable Energy Carbon Trading and Electricity Markets)

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17 pages, 3498 KB

Open AccessArticle

Self-Supervised Learning and Multi-Sensor Fusion for Alpine Wetland Vegetation Mapping: Bayinbuluke, China

by Muhammad Murtaza Zaka, Alim Samat, Jilili Abuduwaili, Enzhao Zhu, Arslan Akhtar and Wenbo Li

Plants 2025, 14(20), 3153; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14203153 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Accurate mapping of wetland vegetation is essential for ecological monitoring and conservation, yet it remains challenging due to the spatial heterogeneity of wetlands, the scarcity of ground-truth data, and the spread of invasive species. Invasive plants alter native vegetation patterns, making their early [...] Read more.

Accurate mapping of wetland vegetation is essential for ecological monitoring and conservation, yet it remains challenging due to the spatial heterogeneity of wetlands, the scarcity of ground-truth data, and the spread of invasive species. Invasive plants alter native vegetation patterns, making their early detection critical for preserving ecosystem integrity. This study proposes a novel framework that integrates self-supervised learning (SSL), supervised segmentation, and multi-sensor data fusion to enhance vegetation classification in the Bayinbuluke Alpine Wetland, China. High-resolution satellite imagery from PlanetScope-3 and Jilin-1 was fused, and SSL methods—including BYOL, DINO, and MoCo v3—were employed to learn transferable feature representations without extensive labeled data. The results show that SSL methods exhibit consistent variations in classification performance, while multi-sensor fusion significantly improves the detection of rare and fragmented vegetation patches and enables the early identification of invasive species. Overall, the proposed SSL–fusion strategy reduces reliance on labor-intensive field data collection and provides a scalable, high-precision solution for wetland monitoring and invasive species management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computer Vision Techniques for Plant Phenomics Applications)

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14 pages, 1519 KB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Impact of Different Photovoltaic Fishery Models on Climate and Water Environment in Aquaculture

by Wei Luo, Qiang Li, Lingling Wang, Yurui Li, Yongyang Lv, Xiu Liu, Jian Zhou and Yuanliang Duan

Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9076; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209076 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

To study the impact of photovoltaic facilities on the climate of aquaculture areas within the new aquaculture model (photovoltaic fishery mode, PFM), meteorological monitoring instruments were used to measure light intensity, temperature, humidity, and water environment in the PFM aquaculture areas of Dongying [...] Read more.

To study the impact of photovoltaic facilities on the climate of aquaculture areas within the new aquaculture model (photovoltaic fishery mode, PFM), meteorological monitoring instruments were used to measure light intensity, temperature, humidity, and water environment in the PFM aquaculture areas of Dongying City and Taishan City. The experimental results showed that photovoltaic facilities (PFs) significantly affected lighting, causing a substantial decrease in light intensity above the ponds, with an annual average reduction ranging from 24.15% to 67.75%, compared to the traditional pond mode (TPM). The impact of flexible PF on lighting was less pronounced than that of fixed photovoltaic facilities, with decreases of only 24.15% and 65.06%, respectively, compared to TPM. PF influenced temperature within a small range, particularly in the Dongying City aquaculture area, where the temperature difference reached 1.48 °C. The effect of flexible PF on temperature, with a decrease of only 0.071%, was much smaller than that of fixed PF, which showed a decrease of 3.28% compared to TPM. In both Dongying City and Taishan City aquaculture areas, PF reduced environmental humidity by 4.71% to 9.62% compared to TPM. In Dongying City, the water temperature under the PFM-fixed system was 0.39 to 3.78 °C lower than that of TPM. The annual biomass variation patterns of zooplankton and phytoplankton in Dongying City and Taishan City were opposite. This study provides data to support further research on the relationship between PFM and aquaculture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon-Energy-Water Nexus in Global Energy Transition)

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31 pages, 4496 KB

Open AccessArticle

Cytotoxicity of Mimusops caffra-Based Ursolic Acid, Oleanolic Acid and Derivatives Against Human Cancerous and Non-Cancerous Cell Lines

by Sithenkosi Mlala, Opeoluwa Oyehan Oyedeji, Gbemisola Morounke Saibu, Mavuto Gondwe and Adebola Omowunmi Oyedeji

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(20), 9969; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26209969 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, cancer is still the leading cause of death for humans worldwide. Although over 100 chemotherapeutic agents are currently available for the treatment of cancer patients, the overall long term clinical benefit is disappointing due to the lack [...] Read more.

According to the World Health Organization, cancer is still the leading cause of death for humans worldwide. Although over 100 chemotherapeutic agents are currently available for the treatment of cancer patients, the overall long term clinical benefit is disappointing due to the lack of effectiveness or severe side effects from these drugs. The use of complementary and alternative medicinal products from plants has continued to increase in past decades, due to fewer side effects of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants of which pentacyclic triterpenoids have been identified as one class of secondary metabolites that could play an important role in the treatment and management of a number of non-communicable diseases. The main aim of this study is to extract, isolate, identify, and elucidate pentacyclic triterpenoid (ursolic acid, UA (1), and oleanolic acid, OA (2)) from Mimusops caffra. Semi-synthesis of UA was carried out to obtain some triterpenoid derivatives (3-O-acetyl ursolic acid, AUA (3), ursolic-28-methylate, UM (4), and 3-acetylursolic-methylate, AUM (5)), and we evaluated these compounds as anti-cancer therapeutic agents. Isolation of ursolic acid (UA) (1) from M. caffra is always accompanied by its isomer oleanolic acid (OA) (2) due to their similar retention factors (Rf) values. Acetylation and deacetylation techniques were used to isolate compounds 1 and 2. In vitro cytotoxicity activities of UA, AUA UM, and AUM were evaluated against various cancer cell lines, such as human breast adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines (MDA), human liver cancer cell lines (HepG2), human prostate cancer cell lines (PC3) and non-cancerous human fibroblast cell lines (KMST-6) using MTT assays. The UM exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activities against cancer cells, while little or no activities were observed on non-cancerous cell lines, which indicates that the addition of methyl at C-28 of UA is essential to enhance its activity as a therapeutic agent for cancer. The AUA showed moderate or no cytotoxicity against the different cancer cell lines, which is less than that of the UA parent compound. Moreover, these results suggest that ursolic acid and UA derivatives are potential therapeutic drugs for human breast, liver, and prostate cancers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Discovery: Natural Products and Compounds)

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22 pages, 642 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Impact of Novel Therapies on Quality-of-Life in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials

by Banice Kamau, Maxim Shulimovich and Sinha Samridhi

Cancers 2025, 17(20), 3307; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17203307 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype characterized by poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Chemotherapy regimens are associated with significant adverse effects negatively impacting patients’ quality of life (QoL). This systematic review aims to evaluate and compare QoL [...] Read more.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype characterized by poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Chemotherapy regimens are associated with significant adverse effects negatively impacting patients’ quality of life (QoL). This systematic review aims to evaluate and compare QoL outcomes of patients with TNBC receiving novel therapies—including immunotherapy, antibody–drug conjugates, and targeted therapies—versus standard chemotherapy. Methods: We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published within the past 15 years, identified through comprehensive searches in PubMed, Google Scholar, Research4Life, and Elicit. Included studies involved FDA-approved novel therapies (pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, sacituzumab-govitecan, olaparib, and talazoparib) administered to TNBC patients, and assessed QoL using validated tools such as EORTC QLQ-C30. Observational studies, case reports, and non-standardized assessments were excluded. Results: Eight RCTs comprising 3929 patients met the inclusion criteria. Sacituzumab govitecan and PARP inhibitors (olaparib and talazoparib) significantly improved QoL, notably delaying deterioration across physical, emotional, and functional domains compared to standard chemotherapy. Conversely, immunotherapies (pembrolizumab, atezolizumab) showed non-significant trends toward QoL improvement, with effects varying by patient subgroup and disease stage. Interpretation was limited by study design differences, inconsistent compliance, and incomplete data reporting. Conclusions: Immunotherapy showed a neutral effect on quality of life, providing neither significant improvement nor additional decline. Olaparib was associated with a delayed deterioration in quality of life, showing a more favorable tolerability profile compared to chemotherapy. Talazoparib leads to clinically meaningful enhancements in quality of life, while sacituzumab govitecan effectively improves patient-reported outcomes relative to standard chemotherapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Systematic Review or Meta-Analysis in Cancer Research)

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15 pages, 1167 KB

Open AccessArticle

Optimal Configuration of Transformer–Energy Storage Deeply Integrated System Based on Enhanced Q-Learning with Hybrid Guidance

by Zhe Li, Li You, Yiqun Kang, Daojun Tan, Xuan Cai, Haozhe Xiong and Yonghui Liu

Processes 2025, 13(10), 3267; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103267 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

This paper investigates the multi-objective siting and sizing problem of a transformer–energy storage deeply integrated system (TES-DIS) that serves as a grid-side common interest entity. This study is motivated by the critical role of energy storage systems in generation–grid–load–storage resource allocation and the [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the multi-objective siting and sizing problem of a transformer–energy storage deeply integrated system (TES-DIS) that serves as a grid-side common interest entity. This study is motivated by the critical role of energy storage systems in generation–grid–load–storage resource allocation and the superior capability of artificial intelligence algorithms in addressing multi-dimensional, multi-constrained optimization challenges. A multi-objective optimization model is first formulated with dual objectives: minimizing voltage deviation levels and comprehensive economic costs. To overcome the limitations of conventional methods in complex power systems—particularly regarding solution quality and convergence speed—an enhanced Q-learning with hybrid guidance algorithm is proposed. The improved algorithm demonstrates strengthened local search capability and accelerated late-stage convergence performance. Validation using a real-world urban power grid in China confirms the method’s effectiveness. Compared to traditional approaches, the proposed solution achieves optimal TES-DIS planning through autonomous learning, demonstrating (1) 70.73% cost reduction and (2) 89.85% faster computational efficiency. These results verify the method’s capability for intelligent, simplified power system planning with superior optimization performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Smart Microgrids in Renewable Energy Development)

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22 pages, 1687 KB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Distribution Network Harmonic Mitigation and Optimization Control Strategy Oriented by Source Tracing

by Xin Zhou, Zun Ma, Hongwei Zhao and Hongbo Zou

Processes 2025, 13(10), 3268; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103268 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Against the backdrop of a high proportion of distributed renewable energy sources being integrated into the power grid, distribution networks are confronted with issues of grid-wide and decentralized harmonic pollution and voltage deviation, rendering traditional point-to-point governance methods inadequate for meeting collaborative governance [...] Read more.

Against the backdrop of a high proportion of distributed renewable energy sources being integrated into the power grid, distribution networks are confronted with issues of grid-wide and decentralized harmonic pollution and voltage deviation, rendering traditional point-to-point governance methods inadequate for meeting collaborative governance requirements. To address this problem, this paper proposes a source-tracing-oriented harmonic mitigation and optimization control strategy for distribution networks. Firstly, it identifies regional dominant harmonic source mitigation nodes based on harmonic and reactive power sensitivity indices as well as comprehensive voltage sensitivity indices. Subsequently, with the optimization objectives of reducing harmonic power loss and suppressing voltage fluctuation in the distribution network, it configures the quantity and capacity of voltage-detection-based active power filters (VDAPFs) and Static Var Generators (SVGs) and solves the model using an improved Spider Jump algorithm (SJA). Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are validated through testing on an improved IEEE-33 standard node test system. Through analysis, the proposed method can reduce the voltage fluctuation rate and total harmonic distortion (THD) by 2.3% and 2.6%, respectively, achieving nearly 90% equipment utilization efficiency with the minimum investment cost. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Optimization Control of Active Distribution Networks and Smart Grids)

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16 pages, 7443 KB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Jurassic Source Rocks from the Northern Tibetan Plateau Basin

by Yajun Shi, Li Xu, Xinmin Ma and Jiajia Guo

Processes 2025, 13(10), 3266; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103266 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

The Northern Tibetan Plateau Basin is the most extensive and least explored Mesozoic marine basin in China and shows considerable potential for oil and gas exploration. This study systematically analyzed the abundance, type, hydrocarbon generation potential, and conversion rate of organic matter within [...] Read more.

The Northern Tibetan Plateau Basin is the most extensive and least explored Mesozoic marine basin in China and shows considerable potential for oil and gas exploration. This study systematically analyzed the abundance, type, hydrocarbon generation potential, and conversion rate of organic matter within three Jurassic drill core samples from the Biloucuo area of the Northern Tibetan Plateau Basin. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of these Jurassic source rocks was >4%, on average, permitting their classification as excellent source rocks. The average contents of sapropelinite, exinite, vitrinite, and inertinite in kerogen were 74%, 4%, 18%, and 4%, respectively. The H/C and O/C ratios of the kerogen mainly ranged from 0.8 to 1.3 and 0.06 to 0.11, respectively, indicative of type II₁ kerogen. The average S₁ + S₂ content was 15.0 mg/g rock, indicating a high hydrocarbon generation potential. On the basis of the relationship between the quantity of soluble hydrocarbons remaining in the strata and the S₂ and TOC contents, it can be inferred that the hydrocarbon generation conversion rate of these Jurassic source rocks was between 25% and 50%, and partial hydrocarbon expulsion has taken place. It is estimated that the maximum oil generation potential of the formation will reach 20 kg/t rock at a greater depth, which equates to good exploration potential. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Theory and Technology of Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs)

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34 pages, 4354 KB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Designer Mismatch Characteristic and Talent Cultivation Strategy in China’s Construction Industry

by Sidong Zhao, Xianteng Liu, Yongxin Liu and Weiwei Li

Buildings 2025, 15(20), 3686; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15203686 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Architectural design stands as a highly knowledge-intensive field, with designers serving as the linchpin for its premium development. China’s construction industry is now navigating a transitional phase of slower growth, where a misalignment in designer capabilities significantly obstructs the nation’s shift from being [...] Read more.

Architectural design stands as a highly knowledge-intensive field, with designers serving as the linchpin for its premium development. China’s construction industry is now navigating a transitional phase of slower growth, where a misalignment in designer capabilities significantly obstructs the nation’s shift from being a mere “construction giant” to becoming a true “construction powerhouse”. Based on the spatial mismatch model and Geodetector, this study empirically analyzes the mismatch relationship among designers and its influencing factors using panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2023, and proposes strategies for cultivating architectural design talents. Findings reveal that China’s architectural designers exhibit spatial supply imbalance, and complex trends in designer allocation-simultaneous growth and decline coexist. China exhibits diverse types of architect mismatch: 22.58% of regions are in a state of Positive Mismatch, and 12.90% experience Negative Mismatch. In over one-third of regions, the architectural design talent market can no longer self-correct architect mismatch through market mechanisms, urgently requiring collaborative intervention policies from governments, design associations, and enterprises to address architect supply–demand governance. For a smooth transition during the transformation and upgrading of the construction and design industries, the architectural design talent market should accommodate frictional designer mismatch. The contribution of designer mismatch varies significantly, with factors such as innovation, industrial structure, and fiscal self-sufficiency exerting more direct influence, while other factors play indirect roles through dual-factor enhancement effects and nonlinear enhancement effects. The insights from the analysis results and conclusions for future designer cultivation include fostering an interdisciplinary teaching model for designers through university–enterprise collaboration, enhancing education in AI and intelligent construction literacy, and establishing an intelligent service platform for designer supply–demand matching to promptly build a new differentiated and precise designer supply system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)

20 pages, 9011 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of HiPIMS Pulse Conditions on the Microstructural, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of TiB₂ Coatings on Steel Substrates

by Daniel Kottfer, Karol Kyzioł, Mária Kaňuchová, Marta Kianicová, Michal Žitňan, Ewa Durda, Marianna Trebuňová, Dávid Medveď and Patrik Kľučiar

Materials 2025, 18(20), 4699; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18204699 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

This study examines the impact of varying pulse conditions on the properties of titanium diboride (TiB₂) coatings deposited by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). The coatings were prepared on steel substrates using an industrial-scale system. During the experiments, the HiPIMS frequency [...] Read more.

This study examines the impact of varying pulse conditions on the properties of titanium diboride (TiB₂) coatings deposited by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). The coatings were prepared on steel substrates using an industrial-scale system. During the experiments, the HiPIMS frequency and pulse width were systematically varied to examine their influence on the coating’s microstructural, mechanical, and tribological properties. The obtained results show a correlation between process parameters and coating performance. A maximum hardness of 39.7 GPa and a coefficient of friction (CoF) as low as 0.68 were achieved. The best combination of mechanical properties was observed for coatings prepared in a frequency range of 600–1000 Hz and with a pulse width of 50 µs. Notably, the optimal tribological properties and surface roughness were obtained at 800 Hz and a 50 µs pulse width. This work demonstrates that fine-tuning HiPIMS pulse conditions is crucial for achieving high-quality TiB₂ coatings with enhanced functional performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Functional Coatings for Surface Engineering: Deposition, Properties and Applications)

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21 pages, 783 KB

Open AccessArticle

Inverse Judd–Ofelt Formalism Based on Radiative Lifetime for Comparative Spectroscopy of RE³⁺ Ions in Glass

by Helena Cristina Vasconcelos, Maria Gabriela Meirelles and Reşit Özmenteş

Photonics 2025, 12(10), 1011; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12101011 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

This work shows that inverse Judd–Ofelt (JO) analysis of relative absorption spectra, anchored by a single lifetime, provides JO parameters and radiative rates without absolute calibration. The method is applied to Er³⁺, Dy³⁺, and Sm³⁺ in a compositionally [...] Read more.

This work shows that inverse Judd–Ofelt (JO) analysis of relative absorption spectra, anchored by a single lifetime, provides JO parameters and radiative rates without absolute calibration. The method is applied to Er³⁺, Dy³⁺, and Sm³⁺ in a compositionally identical oxyfluoride glass. Three well-resolved ground-state 4f–4f absorption bands were selected. After baseline removal and wavenumber-domain integration, their normalized strengths S_rel,k (k = 1, 2, 3; k∈S) define a 3 × 3 system solved by non-negative least squares to obtain the anchor-independent ordering (Ω₂:Ω₄:Ω₆). Absolute scaling uses a single lifetime anchor. We report lifetime-scaled Ω_t and A_rad, and the normalized fractions p_k within the selected triplets; as imposed by the method, the anchor-independent ordering (Ω₂:Ω₄:Ω₆) is analyzed, while absolute A_rad and Ω_t scale with τ_ref. The extracted parameters fall within the expected ranges for oxyfluoride hosts and reveal clear ion-specific trends: Ω₂ follows Dy³⁺ > Er³⁺ > Sm³⁺ (site asymmetry/hypersensitive response), while the ordering Ω₄ > Ω₆ holds across all ions (oxide-rich networks). Er³⁺ exhibits the largest Ω₄ and the smallest Ω₆, indicative of pronounced medium-range “rigidity” with suppressed long-range polarizability; Sm³⁺ shows the lowest Ω₂ (more symmetric/less covalent coordination); and Dy³⁺ the highest Ω₂ (strong hypersensitive behavior). Uncertainty was quantified by Monte Carlo resampling of the preprocessing steps, yielding compact 95% confidence intervals; the resulting JO-parameter trends (Ω₂, Ω₄, Ω₆) and normalized f_k fractions reproduce the characteristic spectroscopic behavior known for each ion. This method enables quantitative JO outputs from uncalibrated spectra, allowing direct spectroscopic comparisons and quick screening when only relative absorption data are available. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Optoelectronics and Optical Materials)

13 pages, 440 KB

Open AccessArticle

Feline Lymphoma in Focus: Examining the Patterns and Types in Croatia’s Pathological Records

by Vida Eraghi, Iva Ciprić, Nikola Serdar, Anouk Jonker, Lidija Medven Zagradišnik, Dunja Vlahović, Ivana Mihoković Buhin, Ivan-Conrado Šoštarić-Zuckermann, Branka Artuković, Doroteja Huber, Mavro Matasović, Marko Hohšteter and Andrea Gudan Kurilj

Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(10), 986; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12100986 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Feline lymphoma, a common neoplasm in cats, presents across diverse anatomical sites and is influenced by genetic, immune, environmental, and viral factors. This 15-year retrospective study analyzed feline lymphoma cases from the University of Zagreb’s Department of Veterinary Pathology, focusing on epidemiology, anatomical [...] Read more.

Feline lymphoma, a common neoplasm in cats, presents across diverse anatomical sites and is influenced by genetic, immune, environmental, and viral factors. This 15-year retrospective study analyzed feline lymphoma cases from the University of Zagreb’s Department of Veterinary Pathology, focusing on epidemiology, anatomical distribution, and immunophenotype. A bimodal age distribution was observed, with peaks at 2–3 and 10–12 years, and breed predispositions were noted in British and European Shorthairs after adjusting for referral frequency. Multicentric lymphoma was the most frequent type observed, followed by alimentary and mediastinal forms. Mediastinal lymphoma predominated in younger cats, whereas alimentary lymphoma was more common in older individuals. Male cats were overrepresented among renal lymphoma cases. Feline leukemia virus/feline immunodeficiency virus (FeLV/FIV) infection showed a strong correlation with mediastinal lymphoma. Overall, B-cell lymphomas were predominant; however, T-cell types were more frequently observed in European Shorthairs. In our study, mediastinal forms were uniformly T-cell, while alimentary and multicentric lymphomas were predominantly B-cell. Temporal trends showed surges in 2016–2017 and 2022–2023, and a decline during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings highlight the complexity of feline lymphoma and underscore the need for tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Full article

11 pages, 255 KB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Analysis of Serum Lipid Profiles in Sanctuary-Housed Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary

by Ethan Renfro, Anneke Moresco, Ismail Hirji, Zoë MacIntyre, Kylie McDaniel, Yedra Feltrer-Rambaud, Thalita Calvi, Larry J. Minter, Aimee Drane, Joshua C. Tremblay, Bala Amarasekaran and Kimberly Ange-van Heugten

Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(10), 985; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12100985 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) were evaluated in chimpanzees at Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary, Sierra Leone. Blood from 75 visually healthy chimpanzees was collected, centrifuged within one hour of collection, and analyzed at Choithram Hospital within 24 [...] Read more.

Cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) were evaluated in chimpanzees at Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary, Sierra Leone. Blood from 75 visually healthy chimpanzees was collected, centrifuged within one hour of collection, and analyzed at Choithram Hospital within 24 h. Statistical analyses assessed differences and interactions based on age, body condition score (BCS), housing group, and sex. HDLs varied widely by housing group; HDLs and LDLs were higher in males than in females. Cholesterol and LDLs were higher in prepubertal individuals while VLDLs and triglycerides were higher in postpubertal individuals. Lipid biomarker differences by age and age * sex statistical interactions were not observed. These data represent a novel compilation of serum lipid biomarkers from a large population of sanctuary-housed Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) within a range country, a population not previously studied with regard to serum lipid biomarkers. This study has documented significant differences compared to known values from managed chimpanzees and human reference ranges. The relationship of serum lipid biomarkers with health and disease in great apes remains understudied, but the present data set provides a basis for future studies to ascertain whether these differences are healthy biomarker variations or represent an elevated risk factor for disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Biomedical Sciences)

10 pages, 245 KB

Open AccessArticle

Hypertension Resistant to RAAS Inhibitors as a Prognostic Indicator for Rapid Progression to ESRD in ADPKD: A Ten-Year Follow-Up

by Andrea Angioi, Doloretta Piras, Nicola Lepori, Matteo Floris, Gianfranca Cabiddu and Antonello Pani

Diagnostics 2025, 15(20), 2583; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15202583 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by progressive renal cyst development and variable trajectories toward end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hypertension is both common and prognostically significant in ADPKD. However, the escalating need for antihypertensive agents beyond RAAS inhibition on disease [...] Read more.

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by progressive renal cyst development and variable trajectories toward end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hypertension is both common and prognostically significant in ADPKD. However, the escalating need for antihypertensive agents beyond RAAS inhibition on disease progression remains underexplored. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-center cohort study including 133 ADPKD patients followed for a median of 5 years. Baseline clinical, biochemical, and genetic data were collected. The primary outcome was a ≥25% decline in eGFR over 5 years. All patients achieved a blood pressure target range of 110/70 to 130/85 mmHg during follow-up. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of rapid progression. Results: Patients with hypertension resistant to RAAS (i.e., those requiring additional antihypertensive drugs on top of RAAS inhibitors) had significantly higher odds of rapid eGFR decline (multivariate OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.03–1.57; p = 0.0248). The presence of hypertension resistant to RAAS was interpreted as a potential clinical surrogate for a more aggressive cystic phenotype and intrarenal hemodynamic dysregulation. Conclusions: Hypertension resistant to RAAS is an independent predictor of accelerated renal function decline in ADPKD. Its identification may aid in early risk stratification and prompt consideration of disease-modifying therapies such as tolvaptan. Further validation in larger cohorts is warranted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis)

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18 pages, 13398 KB

Open AccessArticle

Surrounding Vitality Reasoning of Attractions Supported by Knowledge Graph

by Yi Liu, Lili Wu and Youneng Su

ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2025, 14(10), 400; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14100400 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

The vitality of areas around tourist attractions plays a crucial role in promoting the sustainable development of both tourism and the regional economy. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the methods for mining vitality around attraction perimeters, and existing approaches [...] Read more.

The vitality of areas around tourist attractions plays a crucial role in promoting the sustainable development of both tourism and the regional economy. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the methods for mining vitality around attraction perimeters, and existing approaches are often inadequate to meet the evolving needs of contemporary tourism development. To address this gap, we proposed a method for inferring vitality around attractions based on a knowledge graph. Our approach began by analyzing the functional and morphological characteristics of the areas surrounding the attractions, followed by the design of a vitality calculation model for these regions. Next, we developed a knowledge graph structure tailored for vitality reasoning around the attractions and established reasoning rules based on this graph. Finally, we conducted experiments to apply the vitality inference method to the main urban area of Kaifeng City as a case study. The results indicated that our method could effectively reason about vitality around the attractions. Notably, the vitality levels around the attractions in Kaifeng’s main urban area exhibited clear spatial differentiation. Attractions such as the Yang Family’s Tianbo Mansion, the Millennium City Park, and Lord Bao’s Memorial Temple showed higher vitality values, largely due to their advantageous functional integration and synergistic morphological characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spatial Information for Improved Living Spaces)

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15 pages, 386 KB

Open AccessReview

Sepsis Biomarkers: What Surgeons Need to Know

by Gabriele Melegari, Federica Arturi, Fabio Gazzotti, Matteo Villani, Elisabetta Bertellini and Alberto Barbieri

Anesth. Res. 2025, 2(4), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/anesthres2040023 - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome caused by a dysregulated host response to infection leading to organ dysfunction. Distinguishing sepsis from localized infection is crucial, as it guides clinical decision-making and biomarker interpretation. Biomarkers may support diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic choices, but their [...] Read more.

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome caused by a dysregulated host response to infection leading to organ dysfunction. Distinguishing sepsis from localized infection is crucial, as it guides clinical decision-making and biomarker interpretation. Biomarkers may support diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic choices, but their integration into practice remains debated. Methods: This narrative review was conducted in accordance with the SANRA (Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL (January 2000–September 2025). Studies evaluating sepsis-related biomarkers for diagnosis, prognostication, shock assessment, antimicrobial stewardship, and post-acute follow-up were considered. Findings: Established biomarkers such as procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate remain widely used for diagnosis, monitoring of inflammatory response, and assessment of severity. Emerging candidates include pancreatic stone protein (PSP), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and monocyte HLA-DR (mHLA-DR), which may provide insights into infection dynamics, renal injury, and immune suppression, respectively. However, limitations in standardization and heterogeneous evidence hinder routine implementation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), despite extensive study, shows limited specificity and inconsistent clinical applicability. Renin has been proposed as a marker of shock severity rather than infection. Comparative evidence highlights the need for stage-specific biomarker use across prehospital, emergency, ICU, and recovery phases. Conclusions: No single biomarker is universally applicable in sepsis. Their utility depends on timing, clinical setting, and patient phenotype. Combining classical and emerging biomarkers with point-of-care technologies and dynamic monitoring may enhance personalized management. Limitations include heterogeneity of evidence and lack of standardized thresholds. Future research should validate biomarker panels, integrate them into stewardship strategies, and explore their cost-effectiveness in clinical practice. Full article

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12 pages, 493 KB

Open AccessArticle

Teachers’ Voice-Related Quality of Life in Relation to Environmental Noise in Schools: A Multidimensional Study Using VHI Test and Listen Responsibly App

by Jessica Frangipane, Pasquale Viola, Roberto Minici, Alfonso Scarpa, Alessia Astorina, Teodoro Aragona, Emilio Avallone, Federico Maria Gioacchini, Pietro De Luca, Giampietro Ricci, Valeria Gambacorta, Eva Orzan and Giuseppe Chiarella

Audiol. Res. 2025, 15(5), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres15050138 - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The voice is often perceived as a natural and spontaneous means of communication, but it involves complex interactions among physiological, psychological, and environmental factors. For teachers, whose profession relies heavily on vocal use, understanding and managing vocal strain is crucial. This [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: The voice is often perceived as a natural and spontaneous means of communication, but it involves complex interactions among physiological, psychological, and environmental factors. For teachers, whose profession relies heavily on vocal use, understanding and managing vocal strain is crucial. This study investigates the correlation between ambient noise levels in classrooms and teachers’ self-assessed voice-related quality of life, as measured by the Voice Handicap Index (VHI). The focus is on how classroom acoustics affect vocal health, considering the high incidence of vocal fatigue among educators. Methods: A pilot exploratory study was conducted from September 2022 to November 2022 involving four primary school teachers (two language and two science) from an Italian primary school. Classroom noise levels were recorded using the “Listen Responsibly” app at intervals during lessons. Following each lesson, teachers completed the VHI questionnaire to evaluate their voice-related quality of life. Statistical analyses included simple and multiple linear regressions, logistic regression, and Spearman’s correlation to assess the relationships between noise levels and VHI scores. Results: The study yielded 60 observations categorized into VHI Grade 1 (0–30) and Grade 2 (31–60). Significant differences were observed in average noise levels between these groups, with Grade 2 exhibiting higher noise levels (p < 0.0001). Simple and multiple linear regression analyses confirmed a positive correlation between average recorded noise and VHI scores, with each unit increase in noise associated with a 0.72 unit increase in VHI score (p < 0.0001). Logistic regression identified average recorded noise > 59.5 dB as a significant predictor of higher VHI grades (p < 0.0001). Spearman’s correlation confirmed a strong positive correlation (ρ = 0.77, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The study demonstrates a significant relationship between increased classroom noise levels and worse voice-related quality of life among teachers. These findings highlight the need for improved acoustic management in schools to reduce vocal strain. Implementing noise reduction strategies and enhancing classroom acoustics can help mitigate vocal health issues among educators, ultimately improving their professional and personal well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breaking Down Listening Barriers for Students with Hearing Difficulties)

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9 pages, 207 KB

Open AccessReview

Is General Anesthesia Safe for a Child with Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection? A Narrative Review

by Jowita Rosada-Kurasińska, Alicja Bartkowska-Śniatkowska, Anna Wiernik, Bartłomiej Kociński and Małgorzata Grześkowiak

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(5), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17050106 - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Anesthesia for children with a current respiratory infection or a history of infection within the last two weeks is always associated with a high risk of respiratory complications. However, this risk decreases significantly when the interval between the last symptoms of the infection [...] Read more.

Anesthesia for children with a current respiratory infection or a history of infection within the last two weeks is always associated with a high risk of respiratory complications. However, this risk decreases significantly when the interval between the last symptoms of the infection and the planned anesthesia and medical procedure is extended to at least 2–4 weeks. The most common adverse events include bronchospasm, laryngospasm, and apnea. For children requiring unplanned procedures—such as emergency, urgent, or immediate general anesthesia—guidelines should be followed to maximize their safety and minimize the risk of complications. Full article

11 pages, 474 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Feasibility of the Arabic Version of Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3 to Identify Preterm Infants at Risk of Developmental Delays in Saudi Arabia

by Turki Aljuhani, Waad Aljurayyad, Ibrahim F. Almudayfir, Ruyuf M. Alhassan, Monerah I. Alharran, Razan A. Aloushan, Reem S. Alsaleem, Nassar M. Althunayyan and Reem A. Albesher

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(5), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17050105 - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Objectives: Preterm infants are at higher risk for developmental delays (DDs) and long-term complications compared with term infants. With the high prevalence of preterm births in Arabic-speaking countries, an Arabic-language screening tool is crucial. The aim of the study is to examine the [...] Read more.

Objectives: Preterm infants are at higher risk for developmental delays (DDs) and long-term complications compared with term infants. With the high prevalence of preterm births in Arabic-speaking countries, an Arabic-language screening tool is crucial. The aim of the study is to examine the feasibility of utilizing an Arabic version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (A-ASQ-3), at 4 months corrected age (CA). Methods: Infants born at or after 28 weeks of gestational age were recruited in this longitudinal study. A total of 48 infants underwent the developmental assessment at 4 months CA using the A-ASQ-3. The primary outcome was identifying the infants at risk for DDs. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Firth’s logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: Of the 48 infants, 37 (77.1%) had a DD at in least one of the five A-ASQ-3 domains at 4-months CA. None of the risk factors assessed in this study were associated with a high risk of DDs among preterm infants. Conclusions: The A-ASQ-3 is a feasible tool for identifying infants at risk for DDs at 4 months CA. This finding underscores the need for early screening and tailored intervention programs for preterm infants in Saudi Arabia. The A-ASQ-3 can help identify infants at high risk of DDs and enable prompt referral to healthcare providers. Full article

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27 pages, 478 KB

Open AccessArticle

China–Kazakhstan Automotive Industry Cooperation Under the Belt and Road Initiative: Current Status and Future Prospects

by Xiyao Liu and Azhar Serikkaliyeva

Future Transp. 2025, 5(4), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp5040142 - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Under the Belt and Road Initiative, China and Kazakhstan have developed a strategic partnership in the automotive industry that has progressed through three distinct phases. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution and future of this cooperation, structured into the Export [...] Read more.

Under the Belt and Road Initiative, China and Kazakhstan have developed a strategic partnership in the automotive industry that has progressed through three distinct phases. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution and future of this cooperation, structured into the Export and Assembly phase (2014 to 2017), the Technology Partnership phase (2018 to 2021), and the Localization and Joint Ventures phase (2022 to 2024). Based on qualitative content analysis of policy documents, industry reports, and media coverage, the paper examines how China’s drive for industrial upgrading aligns with Kazakhstan’s goals of economic diversification and industrial growth. The findings indicate that Chinese automotive companies, such as JAC Motors, have transitioned from exporting vehicles to assembling them locally, transferring technology, and investing in joint ventures, thereby strengthening Kazakhstan’s automotive production and market potential. However, challenges remain, including overcapacity, market saturation, and the need for skilled local labor. The study concludes with recommendations to enhance cooperation through joint research and development, the creation of localized parts manufacturing clusters, and the harmonization of technical standards, offering a replicable model for bilateral partnerships within the Belt and Road framework. Full article

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22 pages, 1877 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Bifidobacterium Longum subsp. infantis and Lacticaseibacillus Rhamnosus GG Protect Intestinal Epithelium Against Inflammation-Mediated Damage in an Immunocompetent In-Vitro Model

by Ilia Belotserkovsky, Cecile Vernochet, Maroussia Roelens, Benoît Beitz, Bouthaina Ben Abdallah, Sophiane Poissonnier, Samuel Bellais, Amy Hesketh, Jazmin Meza Torres, Manal Mouharib, Justine Sunshine, Mike Shaffer, Janie Parrino, Jared Silverman, COSIPOP Study Group, Romain Daillère and Christophe Vedrine

Appl. Microbiol. 2025, 5(4), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol5040110 - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier, accompanied by local and systemic inflammation, underlies numerous human pathologies, including inflammatory bowel diseases, celiac disease, sepsis, as well as severe acute malnutrition. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG^®) have been shown [...] Read more.

Impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier, accompanied by local and systemic inflammation, underlies numerous human pathologies, including inflammatory bowel diseases, celiac disease, sepsis, as well as severe acute malnutrition. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG^®) have been shown in preclinical studies to strengthen the gut epithelial barrier and attenuate inflammation. This study aimed to compare the ability of four commercial strains of B. infantis, LGG, and their combination to mitigate inflammation-mediated epithelial damage using an in vitro immunocompetent intestinal model. A microfluidic mid-throughput platform OrganoPlate^® was used to co-culture intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Epithelial damage was induced by stimulating PBMCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and probiotic-conditioned media were applied to the apical side of Caco-2 cells to assess effects on barrier integrity, cytokine secretion, and gene transcription. All tested probiotics significantly protected the epithelium by modulating tight junction protein expression and promoting transcription of homeostatic cytokines, resulting in a “leak-tight” phenotype. These findings indicate that metabolites produced by B. infantis and/or LGG can protect the intestinal epithelium in vitro, warranting further in vivo studies to evaluate the translational relevance of this effect. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Papers Collection of Editorial Board Members and Invited Scholars in Applied Microbiology (2025))

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25 pages, 2212 KB

Open AccessReview

Review of Biomass Gasifiers: A Multi-Criteria Approach

by Julián Cardona-Giraldo, Laura C. G. Velandia, Daniel Marin, Alejandro Argel, Samira García-Freites, Marco Sanjuan, David Acosta, Adriana Aristizabal, Santiago Builes and Maria L. Botero

Gases 2025, 5(4), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/gases5040022 - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Gasification of residual biomass has emerged as an efficient thermochemical conversion process, applicable to a wide range of uses, such as electricity generation; chemical manufacturing; and the production of liquid biofuels, BioSNG (biomass-based synthetic natural gas), and hydrogen. Thus, gasification of biomass residues [...] Read more.

Gasification of residual biomass has emerged as an efficient thermochemical conversion process, applicable to a wide range of uses, such as electricity generation; chemical manufacturing; and the production of liquid biofuels, BioSNG (biomass-based synthetic natural gas), and hydrogen. Thus, gasification of biomass residues not only constitutes an important contribution toward decarbonizing the economy but also promotes the efficient utilization of renewable resources. Although a variety of gasification technologies are available, there are no clear guidelines for selecting the type of gasifier appropriate depending on the feedstock and the desired downstream products. Herein, we propose a gasifier classification model based on an extensive literature review, combined with a multi-criteria decision-making approach. A comprehensive and up-to-date literature review was conducted to gain a thorough understanding of the current state of knowledge in biomass gasification. The different features of the different types of gasifiers, in the context of biomass gasification, are presented and compared. The gasifiers were reviewed and evaluated considering criteria such as processing capacity, syngas quality, process performance, feedstock flexibility, operational and capital costs, environmental impact, and specific equipment features. A multi-criteria classification methodology was evaluated for assessing biomass gasifiers. A case study of such methodology was a applied to determine the best gasifiers for BioSNG inclusion in the natural gas distribution system in a small-scale scenario. Validation was conducted by comparing the matrix findings with commercially implemented gasification projects worldwide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Natural Gas)

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10 pages, 250 KB

Open AccessArticle

From Pregnancy to Postpartum: The Role of Maternal Anxiety and Depression in Breastfeeding Duration and Exclusivity After High- and Low-Risk Pregnancies

by Maria Dagla, Panagiota Brani, Eirini Tomara, Artemisia Kokkinari and Sevasti Louverdi

Psychiatry Int. 2025, 6(4), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint6040123 - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of maternal psychological factors—specifically anxiety and depression—on breastfeeding outcomes in women with high-risk and low-risk pregnancies. A total of 157 postpartum women were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at [...] Read more.

This study investigated the impact of maternal psychological factors—specifically anxiety and depression—on breastfeeding outcomes in women with high-risk and low-risk pregnancies. A total of 157 postpartum women were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at multiple time points: 3–4 days, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum. Breastfeeding duration and exclusivity were the primary outcomes. Correlation analyses showed significant negative associations between STAI scores and breastfeeding duration in both groups, with stronger effects in the low-risk group (e.g., r = −0.546, p < 0.001 at 3 months). Similarly, EPDS scores were inversely correlated with breastfeeding duration, particularly at 3 and 6 months postpartum (r = −0.272, p < 0.001 and r = −0.248, p = 0.001, respectively, in the high-risk group). Logistic regression identified EPDS scores at 3 months (p = 0.046, Exp(B) = 0.844) and STAI scores at 3–4 days postpartum (p = 0.006, Exp(B) = 0.861) as significant predictors of early breastfeeding cessation. The model explained 64.9% of the variance in the low-risk group. These findings highlight the significant influence of postpartum anxiety and depressive symptoms on breastfeeding outcomes and suggest that early screening and support for these specific psychological factors may enhance breastfeeding duration and exclusivity, particularly after high-risk pregnancies. Full article

19 pages, 741 KB

Open AccessArticle

Beyond Tourism: Community Empowerment and Resilience in Rural Indonesia

by Rudy Pramono and Juliana Juliana

Tour. Hosp. 2025, 6(4), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6040210 - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Community-Based Tourism (CBT) is increasingly pivotal for sustainable rural development in emerging economies, particularly in culturally rich nations like Indonesia. The vulnerability of tourism-dependent communities, starkly exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, underscores the urgent need to understand how CBT can foster socio-economic resilience—the [...] Read more.

Community-Based Tourism (CBT) is increasingly pivotal for sustainable rural development in emerging economies, particularly in culturally rich nations like Indonesia. The vulnerability of tourism-dependent communities, starkly exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, underscores the urgent need to understand how CBT can foster socio-economic resilience—the capacity to withstand, adapt to, and recover from shocks. This study aims to investigate the relationship between CBT governance models and socio-economic resilience in rural Indonesia, identifying the critical factors that enable communities to thrive amidst adversity. A comparative qualitative case study design was employed, focusing on three tourism villages in Yogyakarta (Nglanggeran) and Bali (Penglipuran, Jasri). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation conducted from June to August 2024. The findings reveal that villages with inclusive participation, strong local leadership, and equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms (e.g., Nglanggeran) demonstrate higher resilience, characterized by economic diversification, robust social capital, and strong adaptive capacity. In contrast, top-down governance (Penglipuran) or entrepreneurial but fragmented initiatives (Jasri) can limit inclusivity and adaptability, constraining resilience. This research contributes to the CBT literature by providing a comparative analysis of resilience outcomes across different governance contexts in Indonesia. It offers a refined framework for understanding how local institutions and community agency interact to build resilience. The study provides practical insights for policymakers and community leaders, highlighting the importance of fostering inclusive governance, strategic partnerships, and economic diversification to enhance the long-term sustainability and resilience of tourism-dependent communities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Tourism Destinations)

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29 pages, 631 KB

Open AccessArticle

Techno-Economic Evaluation of Sustainability Innovations in a Tourism SME: A Process-Tracing Study

by Natalia Chatzifoti, Alexandra Alexandropoulou, Andreas E. Fousteris, Maria D. Karvounidi and Panos T. Chountalas

Tour. Hosp. 2025, 6(4), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6040209 - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

In response to growing pressures for sustainability in tourism, this paper examines the techno-economic evaluation of green innovations in small and medium-sized tourism enterprises (SMEs). Focusing on a single case study of a hotel in Greece, the research investigates how and why specific [...] Read more.

In response to growing pressures for sustainability in tourism, this paper examines the techno-economic evaluation of green innovations in small and medium-sized tourism enterprises (SMEs). Focusing on a single case study of a hotel in Greece, the research investigates how and why specific sustainability interventions were implemented and assesses their operational and economic impacts. The study adopts an interpretivist approach, combining process tracing with thematic analysis. The analysis is guided by innovation diffusion theory, supported by organizational learning perspectives, to explain the stepwise adoption of sustainability practices and the internal adaptation processes that enabled them. The techno-economic evaluation draws on quantitative indicators and qualitative assessments of perceived benefits and implementation challenges, offering a broader view of value beyond purely financial metrics. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, on-site observations, and internal documentation. The findings reveal a gradual, non-linear path to innovation, shaped by adoption dynamics and organizational learning, reinforced by leadership commitment, contextual adaptation, supply chain decisions, and external incentives. Key interventions, including solar energy adoption, composting, and the formation of zero-waste partnerships, resulted in measurable reductions in energy use and landfill waste, along with improvements in guest satisfaction, operational efficiency, and local collaboration. Although it is subject to limitations typical of single-case designs, the study demonstrates how even modest sustainability efforts, when integrated into daily operations, can generate multiple types of outcomes (economic, environmental, and operational). The paper offers practical implications for tourism SMEs and policymakers and formulates propositions for future testing on sustainable innovation in the tourism sector. Full article

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20 pages, 900 KB

Open AccessArticle

Pathways to Green Purchase: Pro-Environmental Behavior and Concern in Bali Tourism

by Nilna Muna, I Kadek Rio Yasanta and Vithyacharan Retnasamy

Tour. Hosp. 2025, 6(4), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6040208 - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

The current study aims to address the research gap regarding inconsistent findings on the effect of environmental knowledge (EK) in enhancing green purchase intention (GPI) by incorporating pro-environmental behavior (PEB) and environmental concern (EC) as factors to leverage green purchase intention. Five hypotheses [...] Read more.

The current study aims to address the research gap regarding inconsistent findings on the effect of environmental knowledge (EK) in enhancing green purchase intention (GPI) by incorporating pro-environmental behavior (PEB) and environmental concern (EC) as factors to leverage green purchase intention. Five hypotheses were developed and tested using a sample of 300 respondents in Indonesia. Survey data from 300 respondents were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings demonstrate the pivotal role of pro-environmental behavior in two ways. First, pro-environmental behavior mediates the relationship between environmental knowledge and green purchase intention. Second, while pro-environmental behavior enhances environmental concern, it is insufficient to fully strengthen green purchase intention; additional factors, such as the activation of ethical values of concern, are needed to reinforce this intention further. However, the limitations include reliance on quantitative cross-sectional data and focus on Bali, suggesting a need for longitudinal and cross-cultural studies. Practical recommendations include incorporating local communities in eco-tourism programs to ensure social acceptance and sustainability. In general, the results contribute theoretically by integrating knowledge, concern, and behavior into a cohesive model explaining green consumer intentions in tourism. This comprehensive approach supports efforts to transform individual values and behavior, which are critical alongside systemic or policy changes in advancing sustainable tourism. Full article

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21 pages, 1796 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Effects of Telerehabilitation Platforms on Quality of Life in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

by Alejandro Herrera-Rojas, Andrés Moreno-Molina, Elena García-García, Naiara Molina-Rodríguez and Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda

NeuroSci 2025, 6(4), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6040103 - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that entails high costs, progressive disability, and reduced quality of life (QoL). Telerehabilitation (TR), supported by new technologies, is emerging as an alternative or complement to in-person rehabilitation, potentially lowering socioeconomic impact and improving [...] Read more.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that entails high costs, progressive disability, and reduced quality of life (QoL). Telerehabilitation (TR), supported by new technologies, is emerging as an alternative or complement to in-person rehabilitation, potentially lowering socioeconomic impact and improving QoL. Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of TR on the QoL of people with MS compared with in-person rehabilitation or no intervention. Materials and methods: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was conducted (March–May 2025) following PRISMA guidelines. Searches were run in the PubMed-Medline, EMBASE, PEDro, Web of Science, and Dialnet databases. Methodological quality was assessed with the CASP scale, risk of bias with the Risk of Bias 2 tool, and evidence level and grade of recommendation with the Oxford Classification. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251110353). Results: Of the 151 articles initially found, 12 RCTs (598 total patients) met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included (a) four studies employing video-controlled exercise (one involving Pilates to improve fitness, another involving exercise to improve fatigue and general health, and two using exercises focused on the pelvic floor muscles); (b) three studies using a monitoring app to improve manual dexterity, symptom control, and increased physical activity; (c) two studies implementing an augmented reality system to treat cognitive deficits and sexual disorders, respectively; (d) one platform with a virtual reality headset for motor and cognitive training; (e) one study focusing on video-controlled motor imagery, along with the use of a pain management app; (f) a final study addressing cognitive training and pain reduction. Studies used eight different scales to assess QoL, finding similar improvements between groups in eight of the trials and statistically significant improvements in favor of TR in four. The included trials were of good methodological quality, with a moderate-to-low risk of bias and good levels of evidence and grades of recommendation. Conclusions: TR was more effective in improving the QoL of people with MS than no intervention, was as effective as in-person treatment in patients with EDSS ≤ 6, and appeared to be more effective than in-person intervention in patients with EDSS between 5.5 and 7.5 in terms of QoL. It may also eliminate some common barriers to accessing such treatments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Impairment and Neuropsychiatric Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis (Volume II))

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