The 2023 MDPI Annual Report has
been released!
 
17 pages, 1292 KiB  
Article
The Typography of Forgetting: The Unsettling of Dominant Social Narratives in the Resurfacing of a Military Deserter in Family Memory
by Andrew Milne
Genealogy 2024, 8(2), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy8020060 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Society expects history to be objective and factual. Collectively history is the memory of the nation, that group, the imagined community that believes that it has always been together. It could even be said that the nation is about forgetting; forgetting that the [...] Read more.
Society expects history to be objective and factual. Collectively history is the memory of the nation, that group, the imagined community that believes that it has always been together. It could even be said that the nation is about forgetting; forgetting that the people who make up that community were not always together as they are now, or the forgetting of those hurdles and hindrances that create obstacles to cohesion and continuity. Memory is collaborative by nature, and provides a legacy to society, a response to its own mortality in the future. This paper proposes to examine the case of subjective recounting of the past through a family memory of war, the forgetting, the gaps created in narratives to enable cohesion and to fit in with publicly acceptable discourse. It ultimately attempts to answer the question as to why it might be important to re-examine such stories of an individual nature, in a wider scope of the nation, and links those seemingly antinomic periods of time of past, present, and future, which are not as exclusive as might be believed. This paper focuses upon a deserter ancestor, going against the grain of traditional narratives. Traditionally, soldiers are considered by definition of what is expected from them in the national narrative, as ‘war heroes’. However, this paper examines the life of a military ancestor who, in reality, did not fit into that framework, and who deserted from the army (although never on the front line, thus avoiding being shot). Nevertheless, the multiple desertions (deserted five times in total, lost kit twice, was imprisoned, and was detained for desertion three times) only ‘resurfaced’ recently due to the availability of documentation and research carried out in archives. While the ancestor conformed socially to what was expected of him, the reality of his military files seems to reveal the contrary. Despite the high numbers of times that he did desert, he did also rejoin every time, and ended up spending 3 decades in the same military unit. Or, perhaps the manner in which society views soldiers pre- and post-WWI has been altered, and, as such, desertion was not once what it has become. Forgetting has been the norm in society regarding certain pasts that step outside of the national narrative, rather than remembering. This paper attempts to imagine the nation’s past in a different way, by including those who also deserted, an area of ill-defined research in military history. Full article
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10 pages, 271 KiB  
Article
Validation of the Internal Coherence Scale (ICS) in Healthy Geriatric Individuals and Patients Suffering from Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Cancer
by Annette Mehl, Anne-Kathrin Klaus, Marcus Reif, Daniela Rodrigues Recchia, Roland Zerm, Thomas Ostermann, Benno Brinkhaus and Matthias Kröz
Geriatrics 2024, 9(3), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9030063 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Background: With increased life expectancy, the coexistence of functional impairment and multimorbidity can negatively impact life quality and coherence in geriatric individuals. The self-report 10-item Internal Coherence (ICS) measures how individuals cope with and make sense of disease-specific life challenges. The aim of [...] Read more.
Background: With increased life expectancy, the coexistence of functional impairment and multimorbidity can negatively impact life quality and coherence in geriatric individuals. The self-report 10-item Internal Coherence (ICS) measures how individuals cope with and make sense of disease-specific life challenges. The aim of this study was to validate the ICS in a sample of geriatric individuals. Methods and Procedure: In a cross-sectional study, geriatric individuals with and without chronic diseases were recruited. A factor analysis with principal component extraction (PCA) and a structural equation model (SEM) was conducted to assess the ICS factor structure in a geriatric sample. To measure convergent validity, the following scales were used: Short Health Survey (SF-12), Karnofsky Performance Index (KPI), Trait autonomic regulation (Trait aR), Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results: A sample of n = 104 (70–96 years of age) patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (n = 22), cancer diseases (n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 51) completed the ICS. PCA and SEM yielded the original two-factor solution: 1. Inner resilience and coherence and 2. Thermo coherence. Overall internal consistency for this cohort was satisfying (Cronbach’s α with rα = 0.72), and test-retest reliability was moderate (rrt = 0.53). ICS scores were significantly correlated to all convergent criteria ranging between r = 0.22 * and 0.49 ** (p < 0.05 *; p < 0.01 **). Conclusion: Study results suggest that the ICS appears to be a reliable and valid tool to measure internal coherence in a geriatric cohort (70–96 years). However, moderate test-retest reliability prompts the consideration of potential age-effects that may bias the reliability for this specific cohort. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Healthy Aging)
40 pages, 9434 KiB  
Review
Empowering Electric Vehicles Batteries: A Comprehensive Look at the Application and Challenges of Second-Life Batteries
by Seyedreza Azizighalehsari, Prasanth Venugopal, Deepak Pratap Singh, Thiago Batista Soeiro and Gert Rietveld
Batteries 2024, 10(5), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10050161 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
The surge in electric vehicle adoption has resulted in a significant rise in end-of-life batteries, which are unsuitable for demanding EV applications. Repurposing these batteries for secondary applications presents a promising avenue to tackle environmental and economic challenges associated with their disposal. The [...] Read more.
The surge in electric vehicle adoption has resulted in a significant rise in end-of-life batteries, which are unsuitable for demanding EV applications. Repurposing these batteries for secondary applications presents a promising avenue to tackle environmental and economic challenges associated with their disposal. The second-life battery (SLB) approach emerges as a mechanism to manage this massive amount of retired EV batteries. However, this approach poses significant challenges in determining and monitoring battery degradation and performance. After evaluating different scenarios for reusing or recycling retired EV batteries, this paper examines the main challenges associated with SLBs, including techno-economic aspects, uncertainty from first life, safety, characterization and screening, battery-management systems, and secondary applications. A comprehensive review of current state-of-the-art SLB research and implementations is provided, particularly emphasizing battery characterization and the requisite evaluation processes for SLB eligibility. This paper explores diverse measurement techniques for assessing SLB performance, evaluating them based on accuracy, complexity, and time consumption, which are essential for achieving cost-effective SLB applications. The overarching objective is to thoroughly understand the principal challenges associated with repurposing EV batteries and delineate the research imperatives necessary for their successful implementation and prolonged lifespan. Full article
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16 pages, 4441 KiB  
Article
Therapeutic Potential of Fucoidan in Alleviating Histamine-Induced Liver Injury: Insights from Mice Studies
by Mengyao Zhang, Huiqian Liu, Linlin Xu, Xizi Zhang, Wei Chen and Chengtao Wang
Foods 2024, 13(10), 1523; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13101523 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Histamine, a bioactive component in certain foods such as Huangjiu has been associated with liver injury and disrupted intestinal balance. This study explored the potential therapeutic effects of fucoidan (FCD) in mitigating histamine-induced imbalances in mice. We found that FCD mitigated liver injury, [...] Read more.
Histamine, a bioactive component in certain foods such as Huangjiu has been associated with liver injury and disrupted intestinal balance. This study explored the potential therapeutic effects of fucoidan (FCD) in mitigating histamine-induced imbalances in mice. We found that FCD mitigated liver injury, reducing transaminases, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Histological improvements included decreased cell infiltration and necrosis. FCD restored tight junction proteins and suppressed inflammation-related genes. Western blot analysis revealed FCD’s impact on TGF-β1, p-AKT, AKT, CYP2E1, Grp78, NLRP3, Cas-1, and GSDMD. Gut LPS levels decreased with FCD. Gut microbiota analysis showed FCD’s modulation effect, reducing Firmicutes and increasing Bacteroides. FCD demonstrates potential in alleviating histamine-induced liver injury, regulating inflammation, and influencing gut microbiota. Further research exploring higher dosages and additional parameters is warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutraceuticals, Functional Foods, and Novel Foods)
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14 pages, 1027 KiB  
Article
Predictive Value of Inflammatory Markers NLR, PLR, APRI, SII, and Liver Function Tests in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Detection in Full-Term Newborns
by Manuela Pantea, Daniela Iacob, Mirabela Dima, Mihaela Prodan, Oana Belei, Rodica Anamaria Negrean and Adrian Cosmin Ilie
Children 2024, 11(5), 593; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050593 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in full-term newborns. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Derived Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (dNLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, and Platelet Ratio (NLPR), AST-to-Platelet Ratio [...] Read more.
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in full-term newborns. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Derived Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (dNLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, and Platelet Ratio (NLPR), AST-to-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), and Systemic Immune–Inflammation Index (SII) in identifying the risk for SIRS development in full-term newborns. Conducted between January 2023 and January 2024, this observational cohort study compared full-term newborns diagnosed with SIRS with newborns without SIRS, measuring the inflammatory markers within the first day of life and three days post-birth. The study included 229 newborns, 81 with SIRS and 148 controls without SIRS. Statistically significant differences were observed in NLR (3.81 vs. 2.20, p < 0.0001), PLR (68.12 vs. 52.30, p < 0.0001), and liver enzymes (AST 40.96 U/L vs. 31.58 U/L, ALT 34.66 U/L vs. 22.46 U/L, both p < 0.0001) between the groups. The NLPR demonstrated substantial diagnostic value, with a sensitivity of 78.36% and specificity of 83.52% at 72 h (p < 0.0001). Regression analysis highlighted that the NLPR and SII were strongly predictive of SIRS, with the NLPR showing over three-times higher SIRS risk (HR 3.29, p < 0.0001) and SII indicating nearly 3.5 times the risk (HR 3.47, p < 0.0001). The NLPR, APRI, and SII showed similar prediction values to CRP levels measured on the first and third days of life (HR 3.16). Inflammatory markers like NLR, PLR, and systemic indices such as NLPR and SII, alongside liver function tests, are significant predictors of SIRS in full-term newborns. These findings support the integration of these markers into routine neonatal care, allowing for early identification and potentially improved management of newborns at risk for SIRS, thereby enhancing clinical outcomes. Full article
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27 pages, 1046 KiB  
Review
Insights into Cold Plasma Treatment on the Cereal and Legume Proteins Modification: Principle, Mechanism, and Application
by Bin Li, Lianxin Peng, Yanan Cao, Siyao Liu, Yuchen Zhu, Jianguo Dou, Zhen Yang and Chenguang Zhou
Foods 2024, 13(10), 1522; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13101522 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Cereal and legume proteins, pivotal for human health, significantly influence the quality and stability of processed foods. Despite their importance, the inherent limited functional properties of these natural proteins constrain their utility across various sectors, including the food, packaging, and pharmaceutical industries. Enhancing [...] Read more.
Cereal and legume proteins, pivotal for human health, significantly influence the quality and stability of processed foods. Despite their importance, the inherent limited functional properties of these natural proteins constrain their utility across various sectors, including the food, packaging, and pharmaceutical industries. Enhancing functional attributes of cereal and legume proteins through scientific and technological interventions is essential to broadening their application. Cold plasma (CP) technology, characterized by its non-toxic, non-thermal nature, presents numerous benefits such as low operational temperatures, lack of external chemical reagents, and cost-effectiveness. It holds the promise of improving proteins’ functionality while maximally retaining their nutritional content. This review delves into the pros and cons of different cold plasma generation techniques, elucidates the underlying mechanisms of protein modification via CP, and thoroughly examines research on the application of cold plasma in augmenting the functional properties of proteins. The aim is to furnish theoretical foundations for leveraging CP technology in the modification of cereal and legume proteins, thereby enhancing their practical applicability in diverse industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Food Engineering and Technology)
14 pages, 883 KiB  
Article
The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score Combined with Procalcitonin and Lung Ultrasound (CPIS-PLUS), a Good Tool for Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Early Diagnosis in Pediatrics
by Judit Becerra-Hervás, Carmina Guitart, Aina Covas, Sara Bobillo-Pérez, Javier Rodríguez-Fanjul, Josep L. Carrasco-Jordan, Francisco José Cambra Lasaosa, Iolanda Jordan and Mònica Balaguer
Children 2024, 11(5), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050592 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is common in Pediatric Intensive Care Units. Although early detection is crucial, current diagnostic methods are not definitive. This study aimed to identify lung ultrasound (LUS) findings and procalcitonin (PCT) values in pediatric patients with VAP to create a new [...] Read more.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is common in Pediatric Intensive Care Units. Although early detection is crucial, current diagnostic methods are not definitive. This study aimed to identify lung ultrasound (LUS) findings and procalcitonin (PCT) values in pediatric patients with VAP to create a new early diagnosis score combined with the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS), the CPIS-PLUS score. Prospective longitudinal and interventional study. Pediatric patients with suspected VAP were included and classified into VAP or non-VAP groups, based on Centers of Disease Control (CDC) criteria for the final diagnosis. A chest-X-ray (CXR), LUS, and blood test were performed within the first 12 h of admission. CPIS score was calculated. A total of 108 patients with VAP suspicion were included, and VAP was finally diagnosed in 51 (47%) patients. CPIS-PLUS showed high accuracy in VAP diagnosis with a sensitivity (Sn) of 80% (95% CI 65–89%) and specificity (Sp) of 73% (95% CI 54–86%). The area under the curve (AUC) resulted in 0.86 for CPIS-PLUS vs. 0.61 for CPIS. In conclusion, this pilot study showed that CPIS-PLUS could be a potential and reliable tool for VAP early diagnosis in pediatric patients. Internal and external validations are needed to confirm the potential value of this score to facilitate VAP diagnosis in pediatric patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Pulmonary Ultrasonography in Children)
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13 pages, 289 KiB  
Review
Ultrasound Diagnosis and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Study of Encephalopathy in Neonates Born under Asphyxia: Narrative Review
by Simeon N. Lavrentev, Anastasia S. Petrova, Olga F. Serova, Polina Vishnyakova, Maxim V. Kondratev, Anastasia S. Gryzunova, Nina I. Zakharova, Victor V. Zubkov and Denis N. Silachev
Children 2024, 11(5), 591; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050591 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Brain injury resulting from adverse events during pregnancy and delivery is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and disability. Surviving neonates often suffer long-term motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments. Birth asphyxia is among the most common causes of neonatal encephalopathy. The integration of [...] Read more.
Brain injury resulting from adverse events during pregnancy and delivery is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and disability. Surviving neonates often suffer long-term motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments. Birth asphyxia is among the most common causes of neonatal encephalopathy. The integration of ultrasound, including Doppler ultrasound, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers a promising approach to understanding the pathology and diagnosis of encephalopathy in this special patient population. Ultrasound diagnosis can be very helpful for the assessment of structural abnormalities associated with neonatal encephalopathy such as alterations in brain structures (intraventricular hemorrhage, infarcts, hydrocephalus, white matter injury) and evaluation of morphologic changes. Doppler sonography is the most valuable method as it provides information about blood flow patterns and outcome prediction. NIRS provides valuable insight into the functional aspects of brain activity by measuring tissue oxygenation and blood flow. The combination of ultrasonography and NIRS may produce complementary information on structural and functional aspects of the brain. This review summarizes the current state of research, discusses advantages and limitations, and explores future directions to improve applicability and efficacy. Full article
24 pages, 1163 KiB  
Article
ARCnet: A Multi-Feature-Based Auto Radio Check Model
by Weijun Pan, Yidi Wang, Yumei Zhang and Boyuan Han
Aerospace 2024, 11(5), 391; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11050391 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Radio checks serve as the foundation for ground-to-air communication. To integrate machine learning for automated and reliable radio checks, this study introduces an Auto Radio Check network (ARCnet), a novel algorithm for non-intrusive speech quality assessment in civil aviation, addressing the crucial need [...] Read more.
Radio checks serve as the foundation for ground-to-air communication. To integrate machine learning for automated and reliable radio checks, this study introduces an Auto Radio Check network (ARCnet), a novel algorithm for non-intrusive speech quality assessment in civil aviation, addressing the crucial need for dependable ground-to-air communication. By employing a multi-scale feature fusion approach, including the consideration of audio’s frequency domain, comprehensibility, and temporal information within the radio check scoring network, ARCnet integrates manually designed features with self-supervised features and utilizes a transformer network to enhance speech segment analysis. Utilizing the NISQA open-source dataset and the proprietary RadioCheckSpeech dataset, ARCnet demonstrates superior performance in predicting speech quality, showing a 12% improvement in both the Pearson correlation coefficient and root mean square error (RMSE) compared to existing models. This research not only highlights the significance of applying multi-scale attributes and deep neural network parameters in speech quality assessment but also emphasizes the crucial role of the temporal network in capturing the nuances of voice data. Through a comprehensive comparison of the ARCnet approach to traditional methods, this study underscores its innovative contribution to enhancing communication efficiency and safety in civil aviation. Full article
45 pages, 6295 KiB  
Article
Gymnadenia winkeliana—A New Orchid Species to Romanian Flora
by Nora E. Anghelescu, Lori Balogh, Mihaela Balogh, Nicoleta Kigyossy, Mihaela I. Georgescu, Sorina A. Petra, Florin Toma and Adrian G. Peticila
Plants 2024, 13(10), 1363; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13101363 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
A novel species, Gymnadenia winkeliana, has been identified in the Bucegi Natural Park ROSCI0013, located in the Southern Carpathians of Central Romania. Two moderately sized populations of Gymnadenia winkeliana, totalling 120–140 individuals, were discovered inhabiting the alpine grasslands of the park, [...] Read more.
A novel species, Gymnadenia winkeliana, has been identified in the Bucegi Natural Park ROSCI0013, located in the Southern Carpathians of Central Romania. Two moderately sized populations of Gymnadenia winkeliana, totalling 120–140 individuals, were discovered inhabiting the alpine grasslands of the park, situated 2.000 m above sea level. To describe this newly found population as comprehensively as possible, 44 vegetative and floral organs/organ parts were directly studied and measured from living plants. Special attention was focused on the characteristics that proved to have taxonomic significance, particularly those involving distinctive details in the morphology of the leaves, perianth, labellum and gynostemium. A total of 223 characteristics were analysed encompassing the morphology of every organ of the plant, cytology and breeding system. Furthermore, comprehensive taxonomic treatment and description, accompanied by colour photographs illustrating the holotype, are provided. Voucher specimens were deposited at the Herbarium of the University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest (USAMVB Herbarium barcode: 40102, NEA); Gymnadenia winkeliana, a (micro)endemic species, is characterized as a putative allogamous, facultatively apomict that significantly differs from other Gymnadenia R.Br. species found in Romania. Notably, it distinguishes itself through its smaller habitus (reaching heights of up to 8–10 cm), its two-coloured, rounded/hemispherical inflorescence displaying a gradient of pink hues in an acropetal fashion (ranging from whitish-pink at the base to vivid-pink at the topmost flowers), and its limited distribution in high-altitude areas, encompassing approximately 8–10 km² in the central area of the Bucegi Natural Park. This species has been under observation since 2005, with observed population numbers showing a significant increase over time, from ca. 50–55 (counted at the time of its discovery) to 120–140 individuals (counted in June 2023). Additionally, comprehensive information regarding the habitat, ecology, phenology and IUCN conservation assessments of Gymnadenia winkeliana are provided, including maps illustrating its distribution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Taxonomy, Systematics, and Phylogeography)
9 pages, 1459 KiB  
Brief Report
Characterization of Salmonella Phage P1-CTX and the Potential Mechanism Underlying the Acquisition of the blaCTX-M-27 Gene
by Qiu-Yun Zhao, Run-Mao Cai, Ping Cai, Lin Zhang, Hong-Xia Jiang and Zhen-Ling Zeng
Antibiotics 2024, 13(5), 446; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050446 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
The P1 phage has garnered attention as a carrier of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Enterobacteriaceae. However, the transferability of ARGs by P1-like phages carrying ARGs, in addition to the mechanism underlying ARG acquisition, remain largely unknown. In this study, we elucidated the [...] Read more.
The P1 phage has garnered attention as a carrier of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Enterobacteriaceae. However, the transferability of ARGs by P1-like phages carrying ARGs, in addition to the mechanism underlying ARG acquisition, remain largely unknown. In this study, we elucidated the biological characteristics, the induction and transmission abilities, and the acquisition mechanism of the blaCTX-M-27 gene in the P1 phage. The P1-CTX phage exhibited distinct lytic plaques and possessed a complete head and tail structure. Additionally, the P1-CTX phage was induced successfully under various conditions, including UV exposure, heat treatment at 42 °C, and subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics. Moreover, the P1-CTX phage could mobilize the blaCTX-M-27 gene into three strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the following seven different serotypes of Salmonella: Rissen, Derby, Kentucky, Typhimurium, Cerro, Senftenberg, and Muenster. The mechanism underlying ARG acquisition by the P1-CTX phage involved Tn1721 transposition-mediated movement of blaCTX-M-27 into the ref and mat genes within its genome. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the dynamic processes of ARG acquisition by a phage. Furthermore, this study enriches the research on the mechanism underlying the phage acquisition of drug resistance genes and provides a basis for determining the risk of drug resistance during phage transmission. Full article
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17 pages, 911 KiB  
Article
Navigating Regional Airport System Economics: Insights from Central Europe and Croatia
by Andrej Novák, Alena Novák Sedláčková, Kristína Kováčiková and Patrik Böhm
Systems 2024, 12(5), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12050175 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
This paper delves into regional airport system economics in Central Europe, with a particular focus on Slovakia, Czechia, Poland, Hungary, and Croatia. This research aimed to identify key indicators that shape optimal business models for regional airport systems by analyzing data from 24 [...] Read more.
This paper delves into regional airport system economics in Central Europe, with a particular focus on Slovakia, Czechia, Poland, Hungary, and Croatia. This research aimed to identify key indicators that shape optimal business models for regional airport systems by analyzing data from 24 airports between 2016 and 2019. Through cluster analysis, airports were categorized based on performance metrics, economic indicators, and ownership structures. The findings reveal distinct groupings among regional airports and shed light on critical factors influencing their operational and financial dynamics. By offering insights into the relationships between airport system characteristics and business model effectiveness, this paper aimed to provide valuable guidance for stakeholders, policymakers, and airport management teams. It facilitates informed decision-making and strategic planning for sustainable aviation infrastructure development in the region. Full article
15 pages, 2014 KiB  
Article
BSA Binding and Aggregate Formation of a Synthetic Amino Acid with Potential for Promoting Fibroblast Proliferation: An In Silico, CD Spectroscopic, DLS, and Cellular Study
by Hayarpi Simonyan, Rosanna Palumbo, Satenik Petrosyan, Anna Mkrtchyan, Armen Galstyan, Ashot Saghyan, Pasqualina Liana Scognamiglio, Caterina Vicidomini, Marta Fik-Jaskólka and Giovanni N. Roviello
Biomolecules 2024, 14(5), 579; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14050579 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
This study presents the chemical synthesis, purification, and characterization of a novel non-natural synthetic amino acid. The compound was synthesized in solution, purified, and characterized using NMR spectroscopy, polarimetry, and melting point determination. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis demonstrated its ability to form [...] Read more.
This study presents the chemical synthesis, purification, and characterization of a novel non-natural synthetic amino acid. The compound was synthesized in solution, purified, and characterized using NMR spectroscopy, polarimetry, and melting point determination. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis demonstrated its ability to form aggregates with an average size of 391 nm, extending to the low micrometric size range. Furthermore, cellular biological assays revealed its ability to enhance fibroblast cell growth, highlighting its potential for tissue regenerative applications. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed the ability of the synthetic amino acid to bind serum albumins (using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model), and CD deconvolution provided insights into the changes in the secondary structures of BSA upon interaction with the amino acid ligand. Additionally, molecular docking using HDOCK software elucidated the most likely binding mode of the ligand inside the BSA structure. We also performed in silico oligomerization of the synthetic compound in order to obtain a model of aggregate to investigate computationally. In more detail, the dimer formation achieved by molecular self-docking showed two distinct poses, corresponding to the lowest and comparable energies, with one pose exhibiting a quasi-coplanar arrangement characterized by a close alignment of two aromatic rings from the synthetic amino acids within the dimer, suggesting the presence of π-π stacking interactions. In contrast, the second pose displayed a non-coplanar configuration, with the aromatic rings oriented in a staggered arrangement, indicating distinct modes of interaction. Both poses were further utilized in the self-docking procedure. Notably, iterative molecular docking of amino acid structures resulted in the formation of higher-order aggregates, with a model of a 512-mer aggregate obtained through self-docking procedures. This model of aggregate presented a cavity capable of hosting therapeutic cargoes and biomolecules, rendering it a potential scaffold for cell adhesion and growth in tissue regenerative applications. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of this synthetic amino acid for tissue regenerative therapeutics and provide valuable insights into its molecular interactions and aggregation behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Protein Structure Prediction in Drug Discovery II)
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12 pages, 1541 KiB  
Article
Effect of Flavonols of Aronia melanocarpa Fruits on Morphofunctional State of Immunocompetent Organs of Rats under Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression
by Kseniya Bushmeleva, Alexandra Vyshtakalyuk, Dmitriy Terenzhev, Timur Belov, Evgeniy Nikitin and Vladimir Zobov
Biomolecules 2024, 14(5), 578; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14050578 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Aronia melanocarpa berries contain many compounds with potential benefits for human health. The food flavonoids quercetin and rutin, found in significant amounts in the fruits of A. melanocarpa, are known to have favourable effects on animal and human organisms. However, data on [...] Read more.
Aronia melanocarpa berries contain many compounds with potential benefits for human health. The food flavonoids quercetin and rutin, found in significant amounts in the fruits of A. melanocarpa, are known to have favourable effects on animal and human organisms. However, data on the effect of flavonols isolated from black chokeberry on immune functions during immunosuppression are not available in the literature. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of flavonol fraction isolated from A. melanocarpa fruits, in comparison with pure quercetin and rutin substances, on the dysfunctional state of rat thymus and spleen in immunodeficiency. The study was performed on Wistar rats. The animals were orally administered solutions of the investigated substances for 7 days: water, a mixture of quercetin and rutin and flavonol fraction of A. melanocarpa. For induction of immunosuppression, the animals were injected once intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide. Substance administration was then continued for another 7 days. The results showed that under the influence of flavonols, there was a decrease in cyclophosphamide-mediated reaction of lipid peroxidation enhancement and stimulation of proliferation of lymphocytes of thymus and spleen in rats. At that, the effect of the flavonol fraction of aronia was more pronounced. Full article
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21 pages, 475 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Impact of Botanical Origins, Harvest Years, and Geographical Variability on the Physicochemical Quality of Serbian Honey
by Aleksandra Tasić, Lato Pezo, Biljana Lončar, Mirjana B. Pešić, Živoslav Tešić and Milica Kalaba
Foods 2024, 13(10), 1530; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13101530 (registering DOI) - 14 May 2024
Abstract
This study summarized the physicochemical analysis of 609 honey samples originating from the Republic of Serbia. Variations among honey samples from different botanical origins, regions of collections, and harvest years were exposed to descriptive statistics and correlation analysis that differentiated honey samples. Furthermore, [...] Read more.
This study summarized the physicochemical analysis of 609 honey samples originating from the Republic of Serbia. Variations among honey samples from different botanical origins, regions of collections, and harvest years were exposed to descriptive statistics and correlation analysis that differentiated honey samples. Furthermore, most of the observed physicochemical parameters (glucose, fructose, sucrose content, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) levels, acidity, and electrical conductivity) varied significantly among different types of honey, years, and regions. At the same time, no noticeable difference was found in diastase activity, moisture content, and insoluble matter. Based on the obtained results, 22 honey samples could be considered adulterated, due to the irregular content of sucrose, 5-HMF, acidity, and diastase activity. In addition, 64 honey samples were suspected to be adulterated. Adulterated and non-compliant samples present a relatively low percentage (14.1%) of the total number of investigated samples. Consequently, a considerable number of honey samples met the required standards for honey quality. Overall, these findings provide insights into compositional and quality differences among various types of honey, aiding in understanding their characteristics and potential applications. Full article
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10 pages, 4795 KiB  
Article
Pulsed Electro Decoration of Carbon Nanotubes with FexZn1−xS
by Andjelika Bjelajac, Ileana Florea, Mihai Zamfir, Sandrine Tusseau-Nenez and Costel Sorin Cojocaru
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 619; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050619 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
A wide ranging scientific interest in developing new and simple preparation methods for highly catalytic bimetallic sulfides provided our motivation to explore the possibility of using the pulsed electrodeposition technique for the decoration of a carbon nanotubes forest. The carbon nanotubes were obtained [...] Read more.
A wide ranging scientific interest in developing new and simple preparation methods for highly catalytic bimetallic sulfides provided our motivation to explore the possibility of using the pulsed electrodeposition technique for the decoration of a carbon nanotubes forest. The carbon nanotubes were obtained using the hot-filament chemical vapor deposition technique. A non-thermal plasma treatment enabled the controlled creation of defects on the carbon nanotubes’ surface. These defects served as anchoring sites for the subsequent deposition of Fe and Zn nanoparticles using the pulsed electrodeposition technique. Our findings showed that only in the case of Fe deposition prior to Zn provided the formation of FeZn bimetallic-based nanoparticles, with Zn present mainly on the outer surface of the Fe core. To induce sulfurization, a thermal treatment in sulfur vapor was conducted at 500 °C, and the obtained heterostructure consisted of Fe0.3Zn0.7S as the main phase, with the minor presence of ZnS and S residues, which was deduced from the XRD results. This study provides thorough imaging of the process, presenting for each preparation step SEM/HR-TEM findings, coupled with EDS chemical analyses. The samples were tested for photocatalytic degradation of methyl blue dye to demonstrate the photoactive behavior of the heterostructure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification)
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16 pages, 3806 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Suitability of Various Silver(I) Complexes for Use in a Cyanide-Free Silver Electrolyte
by Christoph Baumer, Udo Schmidt and Andreas Bund
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 618; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050618 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
The suitability of various nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and phosphorus compounds as complexing agents in a silver electrolyte was examined by using potentiometric titration under practical conditions. The setup consisted of three electrodes to measure the pH and the activity of the silver ions [...] Read more.
The suitability of various nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and phosphorus compounds as complexing agents in a silver electrolyte was examined by using potentiometric titration under practical conditions. The setup consisted of three electrodes to measure the pH and the activity of the silver ions simultaneously. Different ratios of silver to complexing agent from 1:10 to 1:1 at a constant ionic strength of 0.2 mol/L were investigated. The type of the complexes and their corresponding critical stability constants were evaluated by fitting the measured data using a self-developed algorithm. The pH and Nernst potential curve were calculated for the assumed complexes based on the law of mass action to find the best approximation. The correct definition of the occurring species is challenging and can lead to significant changes in the calculation of stability constants. For this reason, the measured silver potential curves were primarily used for the rating of the complexing agents. An evaluation of the measurements shows that the donor atom of the complexing agent and its ligand field strongly affected the stability and type of the complexes. Only a few complexing agents were found to be suitable for use in the cyanide-free silver electrolyte. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification)
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18 pages, 6468 KiB  
Review
Multifunctional Inhibitors: Additives to Control Corrosive Degradation and Microbial Adhesion
by Judit Telegdi
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 617; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050617 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
The chemical, electrochemical and microbiological corrosive degradation of metals is a versatile harmful problem that causes significant economic loss all over the world. The mitigation of these undesired processes needs basic knowledge on the mechanisms of processes in order to control these reactions [...] Read more.
The chemical, electrochemical and microbiological corrosive degradation of metals is a versatile harmful problem that causes significant economic loss all over the world. The mitigation of these undesired processes needs basic knowledge on the mechanisms of processes in order to control these reactions with environmentally acceptable chemicals and techniques. This paper focuses on the up-to-date possibilities that help in the mitigation of chemical/electrochemical corrosion and, at the same time, decrease the deposition of corrosion relevant microorganisms, as the microbes in biofilms are more dangerous than the planktonic cells. Some chemicals or coatings due to their specific properties can fulfill multiple functions; they are able to control the corrosion caused by aggressive materials (that could be the metabolites of a corrosion relevant microorganism) and, at the same time, reduce the microbial adhesion. These additives that have important application possibilities in the chemical industry, marine environment, medical field, nanoelectronics, etc., can save energy, materials consumption and cost, and, at the same time, the efficiency is improved. All resolutions will be brought into prominence when the same chemicals (either in dissolved form or in coatings/nanolayers) can effectively control the different appearance of corrosion and, additionally, the microbial adhesion and microbiologically influenced corrosion. Full article
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24 pages, 467 KiB  
Article
Journeys without End: Narrative Endings and Implied Readers in Acts of the Apostles and Philostratus’ Life of Apollonius of Tyana
by Pieter B. Hartog
Religions 2024, 15(5), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15050606 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
This contribution compares the final sections of Acts of the Apostles and Philostratus’ Life of Apollonius of Tyana. Through this comparison, I aim to show that these two writings resemble one another in their attention to travel as a literary theme. Both [...] Read more.
This contribution compares the final sections of Acts of the Apostles and Philostratus’ Life of Apollonius of Tyana. Through this comparison, I aim to show that these two writings resemble one another in their attention to travel as a literary theme. Both Acts and Life employ this theme to communicate their message and, in their narrative endings, set up their implied readers as travelers who are meant to continue the journeys of the protagonists in these writings. At the same time, Acts and Life differ in how exactly they envision their readers to continue the journeys of their protagonists. I will argue that these similarities and differences can be explained by the shared social and intellectual climate that Acts and Life inhabit: both writings result from discourses on travel and self that were rife among intellectuals in the Roman Empire in the first three centuries of our era, irrespective of their ethnic, legal, or cultural affiliations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Travel and Religion in the Ancient Mediterranean)
14 pages, 286 KiB  
Article
The Dead in Vernacular Magic Practices among Bosniaks
by Mirjam Mencej
Religions 2024, 15(5), 605; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15050605 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Based on fieldwork research among the Bosniak (Muslim) population in rural areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, this article starts with the technique of summoning the dead, aimed at obtaining information about missing goods. It argues that the practice of summoning the dead, like [...] Read more.
Based on fieldwork research among the Bosniak (Muslim) population in rural areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, this article starts with the technique of summoning the dead, aimed at obtaining information about missing goods. It argues that the practice of summoning the dead, like practices aimed at magically harming others, is based on the same moral rules that govern everyday relations between the living and the dead. While these rules are generally followed and observed in everyday life, they can also be deliberately inverted to one’s own advantage or to the disadvantage of others. Ultimately, I argue that the dead prove to be moral agents who act when moral norms are violated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Communication with the Dead)
13 pages, 227 KiB  
Article
The Preacher as Artist: An Exploration of Sermon Creation as Art-Making
by Ruthanna B. Hooke
Religions 2024, 15(5), 604; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15050604 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Preaching is one of the most creative things a pastor does. This essay explores how a theology of creativity, the imagination, and the arts can encourage preachers to embrace proclamation as creative work. The invitation to preachers to engage their creativity and imagination [...] Read more.
Preaching is one of the most creative things a pastor does. This essay explores how a theology of creativity, the imagination, and the arts can encourage preachers to embrace proclamation as creative work. The invitation to preachers to engage their creativity and imagination in preaching rests on the theological claim that creativity is intrinsic to human beings as made in the image of God the Creator. To create is to realize a core human vocation and to deepen knowledge of God. The imagination is a primary avenue to such knowledge, since the imagination is a faculty that allows for a holistic grasp of realities both seen and unseen. An artistic approach to preaching is appropriate in that art functions in similar ways to preaching: like preaching, art explores the depths of human existence, creates wholes out of fragments, and makes connections between seemingly disparate phenomena. The dispositions of the artist are vital for preachers, especially the courage and risk-taking required in art-making as a venture into the unknown. These functions of art and qualities of the artist lead to reflections concerning the particular challenges involved in being a Christian artist, and to the role of beauty in the knowledge of God and hence in preaching. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Homiletical Theory and Praxis)
Article
Geometric Error-Based Multi-Source Error Identification and Compensation Strategy for Five-Axis Side Milling
by Ziwen Zhao, Jian Mao and Xingchi Wei
Machines 2024, 12(5), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12050340 (registering DOI) - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Based on a multi-source error model, this paper discusses the principle of error element identification and uses the mirror bias method to compensate the geometric errors of a process system. Firstly, a nine-line measurement method to determine the geometric error of the linear [...] Read more.
Based on a multi-source error model, this paper discusses the principle of error element identification and uses the mirror bias method to compensate the geometric errors of a process system. Firstly, a nine-line measurement method to determine the geometric error of the linear feed axes of machine tools is introduced, and the geometric error identification model based on the “nine-line method” is established. Then, using a ballbar mounted in the axial, tangential, and radial directions of the machine, the geometric error elements of the rotation axis are identified by three simple measurements in each direction. Subsequently, for the more common flat vise clamping workpiece in actual production, the workpiece position error is identified by using the traditional process of dimensional chain, and the workpiece attitude error is identified by fitting the angle between the positioning plane and the horizontal plane by the least squares method. Finally, based on the tool position points and tool axis vectors obtained from the multi-source error model, the error compensation value is solved using inverse machine tool kinematics to offset the machining error by mirroring the error value of the same size, and based on the “S-shaped specimen” to compensate the processing experiments, after compensation, the processing error is reduced by 30~45%, verifying the effectiveness of the compensation method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Advanced Manufacturing)
10 pages, 1005 KiB  
Article
Initial Low-Dose Hydroxyurea and Anagrelide Combination in Essential Thrombocythemia: Comparable Response with Lower Toxicity
by Young Hoon Park, Yeung-Chul Mun, Sewon Lee and Yongchel Ahn
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(10), 2901; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102901 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that overproduces platelets and is associated with life-threatening thrombosis. Medical cytoreduction either with hydroxyurea (HU) or anagrelide (AG) is widely used, but drug intolerance or resistance are major concerns. Low-dose combination of HU [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that overproduces platelets and is associated with life-threatening thrombosis. Medical cytoreduction either with hydroxyurea (HU) or anagrelide (AG) is widely used, but drug intolerance or resistance are major concerns. Low-dose combination of HU and AG as an alternative strategy has been explored in various studies. It showed comparable response with acceptable toxicity in second-line settings for patients who experienced side effects from prior monotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of upfront combination for ET patients. Materials and Methods: From January 2018 to June 2022, a total of 241 ET patients with intermediate to high risk were enrolled. We identified 21 patients with initial drug combinations and compared treatment outcomes and adverse events (AEs) between combination and monotherapy groups. Results: The median age was 62 years old (range, 26–87) and median platelet count was 912 × 109/L (range, 520–1720). Overall treatment response did not exhibit significant differences between the groups, although there was a trend towards a lower response rate in patients treated with AG alone at 3 months post-treatment (AG + HU, 85.7% vs. AG alone, 75.4%, p = 0.068). AEs of any grade occurred in 52.3% of the combination group, 44.3% of the HU monotherapy group, and 43.4% of the AG single group, respectively. Of note was that the HU plus AG combination group suffered a lower incidence of grade 3–4 AEs compared to the other two groups, with statistical significance (p = 0.008 for HU monotherapy vs. combination therapy and p < 0.01 for AG monotherapy vs. combination therapy). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that the upfront low-dose combination approach showed feasible clinical outcomes with significantly lower severe AEs compared to conventional monotherapy. These results may offer valuable insights to clinicians for future prospective investigations. Full article
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