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Open AccessArticle

Consumption of Soft and Hard News on the Večernji.hr News Website and Readers’ Interests: The Possibility of Using Artificial Intelligence in the Production of Diverse Media Content

by Marin Galić, Stela Lechpammer and Jelena Blaži

Journal. Media 2025, 6(3), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia6030137 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to clarify the difference between soft and hard news and to explore consumer preferences so that newspapers can adapt their artificial intelligence (AI) tools accordingly. The work focuses on the analysis of the results from a focus [...] Read more.

The aim of this paper is to clarify the difference between soft and hard news and to explore consumer preferences so that newspapers can adapt their artificial intelligence (AI) tools accordingly. The work focuses on the analysis of the results from a focus group discussion held on 26 March 2024, on the reading habits among readers of the news website Večernji.hr. The analysis shows that readers are not fully aware of their reading habits, often overestimating their interest in hard news while underestimating their interest in miscellaneous entertaining content in the media commonly referred to as soft news. In order to verify their statements, a content analysis of the 50 most-read articles on that news website from 25 to 29 March 2024 was conducted, also from the perspective of hard and soft news, so that this data can be compared with the results of the focus group discussion. The analysis of article readership confirmed and further emphasized the readers’ interest in the miscellanea. These findings have been contextualized within previous experiences of using artificial intelligence in the media, which show that AI tools are highly suitable for informative genres based on service data—typically classified as hard news, and are also compatible with some types of soft news. The great interest of readers in soft news suggests that significant effort should be put in its production and that it should not be considered an unimportant supplement to hard news. Artificial intelligence tools are less suitable for creating miscellanea, but they can be helpful in analyzing trends and detecting events. In these areas collaboration between humans and machines is essential, as only a journalist can accurately understand the human dimension and social context, which is the necessary framework for producing soft news. Full article

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18 pages, 1815 KB

Open AccessArticle

Metagenomic Detection of RNA Viruses of Hyalomma asiaticum Ticks in the Southern Regions of Kazakhstan

by Kulyaisan T. Sultankulova, Nurlan S. Kozhabergenov, Gaukhar O. Shynybekova, Olga V. Chervyakova, Bekbolat S. Usserbayev, Dana A. Alibekova, Asankadir T. Zhunushov and Mukhit B. Orynbayev

Microorganisms 2025, 13(9), 2064; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13092064 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

Hyalomma ticks are known for their ability to transmit a wide range of pathogens, posing a significant threat to both human and animal health. The viral communities associated with Hyalomma asiaticum ticks in Kazakhstan remain largely unexplored. Using high-throughput sequencing on the Ion [...] Read more.

Hyalomma ticks are known for their ability to transmit a wide range of pathogens, posing a significant threat to both human and animal health. The viral communities associated with Hyalomma asiaticum ticks in Kazakhstan remain largely unexplored. Using high-throughput sequencing on the Ion Torrent platform, nine RNA viruses belonging to seven families were identified. These viruses were associated with H. asiaticum ticks collected in 2024 in southern Kazakhstan. The detected viruses—including Bole tick virus 1 (Phenuiviridae), Bole tick virus 3 (Chuviridae), Bole tick virus 4 (Flaviviridae), Hubei toti-like virus 24 (Totiviridae), Kashgar totiv tick virus 1 (Totiviridae), Lonestar tick totivirus (Totiviridae), Qingyuan parti tick virus 1 (Partitiviridae), and Taishun tick virus (Rhabdoviridae)—had previously been reported only in China. This study provides the first documented evidence of the presence of RNA viruses previously unreported in Kazakhstan within H. asiaticum tick populations. A newly isolated Kazakhstan strain of Wad Medani virus (Sedoreoviridae), identified from H. asiaticum, shares genetic similarities with Russian strains, suggesting a common epidemiological landscape across Central Eurasia. The detection of novel RNA viruses in Kazakhstan highlights the need for ongoing surveillance, as their impact on human and animal health remains insufficiently understood. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ticks and Threats: Insights on Tick-Borne Diseases)

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31 pages, 9599 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multiple Bifurcation Analysis in a Discrete-Time Predator–Prey Model with Holling IV Response Function

by Yun Liu, Lifeng Guo and Xijuan Liu

Symmetry 2025, 17(9), 1459; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17091459 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

This study examines a discrete-time predator–prey model constructed via piecewise constant discretization of its continuous counterpart. Through comprehensive qualitative and dynamical analyses, we reveal a rich set of nonlinear phenomena, encompassing Neimark–Sacker bifurcation, flip bifurcation, and codimension-two bifurcations corresponding to 1:2, 1:3, and [...] Read more.

This study examines a discrete-time predator–prey model constructed via piecewise constant discretization of its continuous counterpart. Through comprehensive qualitative and dynamical analyses, we reveal a rich set of nonlinear phenomena, encompassing Neimark–Sacker bifurcation, flip bifurcation, and codimension-two bifurcations corresponding to 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 resonances. Rigorous analysis of these bifurcation scenarios, conducted via center manifold theory and bifurcation methods, establishes a robust mathematical framework for their characterization. Numerical simulations corroborate the theoretical predictions, exposing intricate dynamical phenomena such as quasiperiodic oscillations and chaotic attractors. Our results demonstrate that resonance-driven bifurcations are potent drivers of ecological complexity in discrete systems, acting as key determinants that orchestrate the emergent dynamics of populations—a finding with profound implications for interpreting patterns in real-world ecosystems subject to discrete generations or seasonal pulses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Mathematics)

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16 pages, 1240 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating Machine Learning Models for Particulate Matter Prediction Under Climate Change Scenarios in Brazilian Capitals

by Alicia da Silva Bonifácio, Ronan Adler Tavella, Rodrigo de Lima Brum, Gustavo de Oliveira Silveira, Ronabson Cardoso Fernandes, Gabriel Fuscald Scursone, Ricardo Arend Machado, Diana Francisca Adamatti and Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior

Atmosphere 2025, 16(9), 1052; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16091052 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

Air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀), poses a significant environmental health risk globally. This study evaluates the predictive performance of three machine learning algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Random Forest [...] Read more.

Air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀), poses a significant environmental health risk globally. This study evaluates the predictive performance of three machine learning algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Random Forest (RF), for forecasting particulate matter concentrations in four Brazilian cities (Porto Alegre, Recife, Goiânia, and Belém), which share similar demographic and urbanization characteristics but differ in geographic and climatic conditions. Using data from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, daily concentrations of PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ were modeled based on meteorological variables, including air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, and accumulated precipitation. The models were tested under two climate change scenarios (+2 °C and +4 °C temperature increases). The results indicate that RF consistently outperformed the other models, achieving low RMSE values, around 0.3 µg/m³, across all cities, regardless of their geographic and climatic differences. KNN showed stable performance under moderate temperature increases (+2 °C) but exhibited higher errors under more extreme warming, while SVM demonstrated higher sensitivity to temperature changes, leading to greater variability in bivariate contexts. However, in multivariate contexts, SVM adjusted better, improving its predictive performance by accounting for the combined influence of multiple meteorological variables. These findings underscore the importance of selecting suitable machine learning models, with RF proving to be the most robust approach for particulate matter prediction across diverse environmental contexts. This study contributes valuable insights for the development of region-specific air quality management strategies in the face of climate change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Monitoring of Air Quality: From Data to Predictions)

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17 pages, 2686 KB

Open AccessArticle

Leaching of Heavy Metals from Farmland Soil in China: The Status and Ecological Risk Assessment

by Na Mi, Yuanyuan Lu, Zhen Song, Feng Sheng, Yun Chen, Zhanghao Chen, Jianzhou He and Tingting Fan

Agronomy 2025, 15(9), 2126; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15092126 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

In this paper, using the leaching models, we quantified the leaching content of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn, and estimated the ecological risk changes in farmland soil caused by leaching and the ecological risk in leachate in China. Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, [...] Read more.

In this paper, using the leaching models, we quantified the leaching content of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn, and estimated the ecological risk changes in farmland soil caused by leaching and the ecological risk in leachate in China. Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Chongqing are hotspot areas. The leaching of Cd in these regions exceed reported mean values in Europe (2.56 g ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). Although the total ecological risk of heavy metals in the soil of various provinces (ranged from 20 to 130) was generally low, Cd was the most important contributor to ecological risks, while 9 provinces exhibited considerable ecological risk from Cd. The calculated Cd, Pb, and Zn in leachate exceed drinking water standards (GB 5749-2022) in five provinces. Overall, the leaching of heavy metals in Chinese agricultural soils, particularly in the southern regions, is a critical issue that warrants attention. Soil pH is the most prominent factor influencing heavy metal leaching. A 5% increase in pH reduces leaching by 31.2% for Cd, 25.42% for Pb, 22.07% for Cu, and 38.37% for Zn. Adjusting the pH to 6 can effectively solve the problem of excessive heavy metal content in leachate in most areas. The study recommends prioritizing groundwater monitoring in critical provinces such as Jiangxi and adjusting the soil pH of farmland in key regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agricultural Pollution: Toxicology and Remediation Strategies)

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Graphical abstract

31 pages, 6584 KB

Open AccessReview

Advancements in Active Journal Bearings: A Critical Review of Performance, Control, and Emerging Prospects

by Navaneeth Krishna Vernekar, Raghuvir Pai, Ganesha Aroor, Nitesh Kumar and Girish Hariharan

Modelling 2025, 6(3), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling6030097 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

The active or adjustable journal bearings are designed with unique mechanisms to reduce the rotor-bearing system lateral vibrations by adjusting their damping and stiffness. The article provides a comprehensive review of the literature, outlining the structure and findings of studies on active bearings. [...] Read more.

The active or adjustable journal bearings are designed with unique mechanisms to reduce the rotor-bearing system lateral vibrations by adjusting their damping and stiffness. The article provides a comprehensive review of the literature, outlining the structure and findings of studies on active bearings. Over the years, various kinds of adjustable bearing designs have been developed with unique operational mechanisms. Such bearing designs include adjustable pad sectors, externally adjustable pads, active oil injection through pad openings, and flexible deformable sleeves. These modifications enhance the turbine shaft line’s performance by increasing the system’s overall stability. The detailed review in this paper highlights the characteristics of bearings, along with the key advantages, limitations, and potential offered by active control across different bearing types. The efficiency of any rotor system can be greatly enhanced by optimally selecting the adjustable bearing parameters. These adjustable bearings have demonstrated a unique capability to modify the hydrodynamic operation within the bearing clearances. Experimental studies and simulation approaches were also utilized to optimize bearing geometries, lubrication regimes, and control mechanisms. The use of advanced controllers like PID, LQG, and Deep Q networks further refined the stability. The concluding section of the article explores potential avenues for the future development of active bearings. Full article

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26 pages, 958 KB

Open AccessReview

Immune Response to Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffolds: A Comprehensive Review

by Daniela J. Romero, George Hussey and Héctor Capella-Monsonís

Biologics 2025, 5(3), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/biologics5030028 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

Extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffolds have demonstrated therapeutic potential across a variety of clinical and preclinical applications for tissue repair and regeneration. In parallel, these scaffolds and their components have shown the capacity to modulate the immune response. Unlike synthetic implants, which are often [...] Read more.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffolds have demonstrated therapeutic potential across a variety of clinical and preclinical applications for tissue repair and regeneration. In parallel, these scaffolds and their components have shown the capacity to modulate the immune response. Unlike synthetic implants, which are often associated with chronic inflammation or fibrotic encapsulation, ECM bioscaffolds interact dynamically with host cells, promoting constructive tissue remodeling. This effect is largely attributed to the preservation of structural and biochemical cues—such as degradation products and matrix-bound nanovesicles (MBV). These cues influence immune cell behavior and support the transition from inflammation to resolution and functional tissue regeneration. However, the immunomodulatory properties of ECM bioscaffolds are dependent on the source tissue and, critically, on the methods used for decellularization. Inadequate removal of cellular components or the presence of residual chemicals can shift the host response towards a pro-inflammatory, non-constructive phenotype, ultimately compromising therapeutic outcomes. This review synthesizes current basic concepts on the innate immune response to ECM bioscaffolds, with particular attention to the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases following implantation. We explore how specific ECM features shape these responses and distinguish between pro-remodeling and pro-inflammatory outcomes. Additionally, we examine the impact of manufacturing practices and quality control on the preservation of ECM bioactivity. These insights challenge the conventional classification of ECM bioscaffolds as medical devices and support their recognition as biologically active materials with distinct immunoregulatory potential. A deeper understanding of these properties is critical for optimizing clinical applications and guiding the development of updated regulatory frameworks in regenerative medicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Protein Therapeutics)

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18 pages, 684 KB

Open AccessArticle

A New Topp–Leone Odd Weibull Flexible-G Family of Distributions with Applications

by Fastel Chipepa, Mahmoud M. Abdelwahab, Wellington Fredrick Charumbira and Mustafa M. Hasaballah

Mathematics 2025, 13(17), 2866; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13172866 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

The acceptance of generalized distributions has significantly improved over the past two decades. In this paper, we introduce a new generalized distribution: Topp–Leone odd Weibull flexible-G family of distributions (FoD). The new FoD is a combination of two FOD; the Topp–Leone-G and odd [...] Read more.

The acceptance of generalized distributions has significantly improved over the past two decades. In this paper, we introduce a new generalized distribution: Topp–Leone odd Weibull flexible-G family of distributions (FoD). The new FoD is a combination of two FOD; the Topp–Leone-G and odd Weibull-flexible-G families. The proposed FoD possesses more flexibility compared to the two individual FoD when considered separately. Some selected statistical properties of this new model are derived. Three special cases from the proposed family are considered. The new model exhibits symmetry and long or short tails, and it also addresses various levels of kurtosis. Monte Carlo simulation studies were conducted to verify the consistency of the maximum likelihood estimators. Two real data examples were used as illustrations on the flexibility of the new model in comparison to other competing models. The developed model proved to perform better than all the selected competing models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section D1: Probability and Statistics)

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21 pages, 643 KB

Open AccessArticle

From Peer Support to Program Supervision: Qualitative Insights on WhatsApp as Informal Digital Infrastructure for Community Health Workers and Public Health Officers in an Indian High-Priority Aspirational District

by Anshuman Thakur, Reshmi Bhageerathy, Prasanna Mithra, Varalakshmi Chandra Sekaran and Shuba Kumar

Healthcare 2025, 13(17), 2223; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13172223 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

Background: In low-resource health systems, official mHealth platforms often face usability and infrastructure barriers. In India, Community Health Workers (CHWs) and their supervisors have pragmatically turned to WhatsApp as an informal digital infrastructure. While widely adopted, its dual role as both a [...] Read more.

Background: In low-resource health systems, official mHealth platforms often face usability and infrastructure barriers. In India, Community Health Workers (CHWs) and their supervisors have pragmatically turned to WhatsApp as an informal digital infrastructure. While widely adopted, its dual role as both a support system and a source of burden remains underexplored. Aim: To examine the patterns and purposes of WhatsApp use among CHWs and block-level supervisors; to identify perceived benefits, barriers, and risks; and to assess its influence on workflow, power relations, digital equity, and program outcomes in an Indian Aspirational District. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study between June and December 2023 in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India. Data comprised 32 in-depth interviews and six focus group discussions with CHWs (Anganwadi Workers, ASHAs, ANMs) and block-level public health officers (total participants n = 81). We used reflexive thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s approach; reporting adhered to the COREQ guideline. Results: WhatsApp emerged as a de facto digital backbone for real-time communication, peer support, and program supervision, often perceived as more usable than official applications. Its informal adoption also created a triple burden: digital fatigue from information overload and blurred work–life boundaries; duplication of reporting across WhatsApp and official portals; and systemic inequities that disadvantaged older or less digitally literate CHWs, with risks of surveillance creep and data privacy breaches. Conclusion: WhatsApp simultaneously enables coordination and imposes workload and equity costs on India’s frontline workforce. Without formal policy and governance, this user-driven adaptation risks widening digital divides and accelerating burnout. We recommend clear protocols on purpose-limited use, investments in equitable digital capability and devices, and safeguards that protect worker well-being and data privacy. Full article

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17 pages, 5455 KB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Terpolymer Scale Inhibitors

by Fei Gao, Peng Xu, Yongqing Zhang and Hui Zhang

Materials 2025, 18(17), 4163; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18174163 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

To address scaling issues in oilfield water injection, a degradable terpolymer scale inhibitor MA-AA-AMPS (terpolymer)was synthesized via aqueous solution polymerization using maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid as monomers. Characterization confirmed the presence of carboxyl, sulfonic, and amide groups in the copolymer [...] Read more.

To address scaling issues in oilfield water injection, a degradable terpolymer scale inhibitor MA-AA-AMPS (terpolymer)was synthesized via aqueous solution polymerization using maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid as monomers. Characterization confirmed the presence of carboxyl, sulfonic, and amide groups in the copolymer with good thermal stability. Scale inhibition tests showed that at 2% dosage, its scale inhibition efficiency exceeded 80%, remaining above 80% in the pH range of 3–8 and over 50% at 150 °C, with excellent tolerance to high-calcium environments. Biodegradation tests revealed BOD₅/COD > 0.3, with a biodegradation rate exceeding 50% in 15 days and reaching 83.4% in 30 days, indicating environmental friendliness. This scale inhibitor effectively solves scaling problems in oilfield water injection systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Mechanical Behavior of Biopolymer Materials)

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33 pages, 7900 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Strategy Improved Red-Billed Blue Magpie Optimization Algorithm and Its Applications

by Yancang Li, Jiaqi Zhi, Xinle Wang and Binli Shi

Biomimetics 2025, 10(9), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10090592 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

To address the issues of low convergence accuracy, poor population diversity, and susceptibility to local optima in the Red-billed Blue Magpie Optimization Algorithm (RBMO), this study proposes a multi-strategy improved Red-billed Blue Magpie Optimization Algorithm (SWRBMO). First, an adaptive T-distribution-based sinh–cosh search strategy [...] Read more.

To address the issues of low convergence accuracy, poor population diversity, and susceptibility to local optima in the Red-billed Blue Magpie Optimization Algorithm (RBMO), this study proposes a multi-strategy improved Red-billed Blue Magpie Optimization Algorithm (SWRBMO). First, an adaptive T-distribution-based sinh–cosh search strategy is used to enhance global exploration and speed up convergence. Second, a neighborhood-guided reinforcement strategy helps the algorithm avoid local optima. Third, a crossover strategy is also introduced to improve convergence accuracy. SWRBMO is evaluated on 15 benchmark functions selected from the CEC2005 test suite, with ablation studies on 12 of them, and further validated on the CEC2019 and CEC2021 test suites. Across all test sets, its convergence behavior and statistical significance are analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Comparative experiments on CEC2019 and CEC2021 demonstrate that SWRBMO achieves faster convergence and higher accuracy than RBMO and other competitive algorithms. Finally, four engineering design problems further confirm its practicality, where SWRBMO outperforms other methods by up to 99%, 38.4%, 2.4%, and nearly 100% in the respective cases, highlighting its strong potential for real-world engineering applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biological Optimisation and Management)

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8 pages, 395 KB

Open AccessBrief Report

Profiling COVID-19 Cases in Tlemcen, Algeria: PCR and CT Imaging Insights

by Ilyes Zatla, Lamia Boublenza, Wafaa Lemerini, Chahinez Triqui and Nabahate Selka

COVID 2025, 5(9), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/covid5090149 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has significantly impacted public health worldwide. This study aimed to assess the clinical and diagnostic features of COVID-19 cases in the Tlemcen region, Algeria, and analyze epidemiological trends from January to December 2021. This retrospective study included [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has significantly impacted public health worldwide. This study aimed to assess the clinical and diagnostic features of COVID-19 cases in the Tlemcen region, Algeria, and analyze epidemiological trends from January to December 2021. This retrospective study included 68,745 confirmed snapshot active COVID-19 cases from the Public Local Health Care Establishment (EPSP)—University Hospital of Tlemcen. Patients underwent PCR testing and chest CT imaging for clinical evaluation. Data on symptoms, PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values, and CT imaging findings were collected, and statistical analysis was performed to examine the patient’s viral load and lung involvement data. Among 488 confirmed cases, common symptoms included fever, cough, and shortness of breath. PCR Ct values ranged from 15 to 35, and CT imaging revealed widespread lung involvement, with ground-glass opacities being the predominant feature. Epidemiological trends showed a consistent increase in cumulative cases, highlighting sustained transmission throughout the study period. Over the study period, epidemiological surveillance recorded a progressive rise in daily cases, peaking in July with 72 cases, followed by a gradual decline toward the end of the year. The findings underscore the utility of PCR Ct values and CT imaging in evaluating disease severity and monitoring regional case progression. The upward trend in cumulative cases emphasizes the need for ongoing public health measures and diagnostic strategies to manage future outbreaks effectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID and Public Health)

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19 pages, 2463 KB

Open AccessArticle

Development of an SA/XLG Composite Hydrogel Film for Customized Facial Mask Applications

by Su-Mei Huang, Xu-Ling Sun, Chia-Ching Li and Jiunn-Jer Hwang

Polymers 2025, 17(17), 2410; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17172410 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

This study aims to address the poor extensibility, brittleness, and limited hydration stability of pure sodium alginate (SA) hydrogels, which hinder their use in flexible, skin-adherent applications such as facial masks, by developing bio-based composites incorporating five representative functional additives: xanthan gum, guar [...] Read more.

This study aims to address the poor extensibility, brittleness, and limited hydration stability of pure sodium alginate (SA) hydrogels, which hinder their use in flexible, skin-adherent applications such as facial masks, by developing bio-based composites incorporating five representative functional additives: xanthan gum, guar gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), poly(ethylene glycol)-240/hexamethylene diisocyanate copolymer bis-decyl tetradeceth-20 ether (GT-700), and Laponite^® XLG. Composite hydrogels were prepared by blending 1.5 wt% SA with 0.3 wt% of each additive in aqueous humectant solution, followed by ionic crosslinking using 3% (w/w) CaCl₂ solution. Physicochemical characterization included rotational viscometry, uniaxial tensile testing, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, swelling ratio analysis, and pH measurement. Among them, the SA/XLG composite exhibited the most favorable performance, showing the highest viscosity, shear-thickening behavior, and markedly enhanced extensibility with an elongation at break of 14.8% (compared to 2.5% for neat SA). It also demonstrated a mean swelling ratio of 0.24 g/g and complete dissolution in water within one year. ATR-FTIR confirmed distinct non-covalent interactions between SA and XLG without covalent modification. The hydrogel also demonstrated excellent conformability to complex 3D surfaces, consistent hydration retention under centrifugal stress (+23.6% mass gain), and complete biodegradability in aqueous environments. Although its moderately alkaline pH (8.96) may require buffering for dermatological compatibility, its mechanical resilience and environmental responsiveness support its application as a sustainable, single-use skin-contact material. Notably, the SA/XLG composite hydrogel demonstrated compatibility with personalized fabrication strategies integrating 3D scanning and additive manufacturing, wherein facial topography is digitized and transformed into anatomically matched molds—highlighting its potential for customized cosmetic and biomedical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stimuli-Responsive Polymers: Advances and Prospects)

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19 pages, 1888 KB

Open AccessArticle

Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Solution Utilizing Activated Carbon Prepared from Catha edulis Stem

by Meseret Dawit Teweldebrihan, Mikiyas Abewaa Gnaro and Megersa Olumana Dinka

Environments 2025, 12(9), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12090314 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

Phenol and its derivatives in water and wastewater are highly toxic and challenging to degrade, posing serious environmental and health risks. Therefore, this research focuses on the removal of phenol from aqueous solutions using activated carbon made from Catha edulis stems. The activation [...] Read more.

Phenol and its derivatives in water and wastewater are highly toxic and challenging to degrade, posing serious environmental and health risks. Therefore, this research focuses on the removal of phenol from aqueous solutions using activated carbon made from Catha edulis stems. The activation process involved impregnating the Catha edulis stems with phosphoric acid followed by thermal treatment at 500 °C for 2 h. The resulting adsorbent was extensively characterized using various techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and proximate analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were designed using a full factorial approach with four factors at two levels, resulting in 16 different experimental conditions. The characterization results showed that the activated carbon has a high surface area of 1323 m²/g, a porous and heterogeneous structure, and an amorphous surface with multiple functional groups. Under optimal conditions of pH 2, a contact time of 60 min, an adsorbent dosage of 0.1 g/100 mL, and an initial phenol concentration of 100 mg/L, the adsorbent achieved a phenol removal efficiency of 99.9%. Isotherm and kinetics analyses revealed that phenol adsorption fits the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating a uniform interaction and chemisorptive process. This study highlights the effectiveness of Catha edulis stem-based activated carbon as a promising material for phenol removal in water treatment applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies of Water and Wastewater Treatment (2nd Edition))

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14 pages, 1498 KB

Open AccessArticle

Backtracking Search Algorithm-Based Lemurs Optimizer for Coupled Structural Systems

by Khadijetou Maaloum Din, Rabii El Maani, Ahmed Tchvagha Zeine and Rachid Ellaia

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(17), 9751; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179751 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

The Backtracking Search Algorithm (BSA) has emerged as a promising stochastic optimization method. This paper introduces a novel hybrid evolutionary algorithm, termed LOBSA, integrating the strengths of BSA and Lemurs Optimizer (LO). The hybrid approach significantly improves global exploration and convergence speed, validated [...] Read more.

The Backtracking Search Algorithm (BSA) has emerged as a promising stochastic optimization method. This paper introduces a novel hybrid evolutionary algorithm, termed LOBSA, integrating the strengths of BSA and Lemurs Optimizer (LO). The hybrid approach significantly improves global exploration and convergence speed, validated through rigorous tests on 23 benchmark functions from the CEC 2013 suite, encompassing unimodal, multimodal, and fixed dimension multimodal functions. Compared with state-of-the-art algorithms, LOBSA presents a relative improvement, achieving superior results and outperforming traditional BSA by up to 35% of global performance gain in terms of solution accuracy. Moreover, the applicability and robustness of LOBSA were demonstrated in practical constrained optimization and a fluid–structure interaction problem involving the dynamic analysis and optimization of a submerged boat propeller, demonstrating both computational efficiency and real-world applicability. Full article

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21 pages, 4905 KB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Irrigation Water Needs Through Conjunctive Water Use: Future Prospectives

by Abinash Dalai, Mahendra Prasad Tripathi, Atmaram Mishra, Sasmita Chand, Boorla Venkataramana and Jagdeep Kumar Nayak

Water 2025, 17(17), 2622; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17172622 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

Over the past two decades, climate change and climatic variability have received significant attention from the scientific community. The present study investigates the impact of future climate change on irrigation water requirements in the coastal districts of Odisha, Eastern India, specifically within the [...] Read more.

Over the past two decades, climate change and climatic variability have received significant attention from the scientific community. The present study investigates the impact of future climate change on irrigation water requirements in the coastal districts of Odisha, Eastern India, specifically within the Phulnakhara distributary’s command area of the main Puri canal system. Field investigations were conducted during the kharif and rabi seasons of 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. The study offers a new perspective involving a future climate data-driven model with water requirements of RCP 4.5 for this canal command area, and after integrating this with the optimal cropping area, the optimal future irrigation water needs for the kharif and rabi seasons were determined. The study focused on assessing future irrigation water demands under changing climatic conditions, with an emphasis on the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources. Projections indicate that peak irrigation demand will occur in the kharif season of 2042–2043 and the rabi season of 2044–2045. Furthermore, a significant decline in groundwater levels is anticipated, ranging from 1.23 to 1.42 m below ground level (BGL) during the kharif season and from 1.46 to 1.64 m BGL during the rabi season, over the next 30 years (2021–2022 to 2050–2051). The most pronounced groundwater table decline is projected for the years 2042–2043 (kharif) and 2044–2045 (rabi), highlighting the need for sustainable water resource management strategies in the region. Based on this study, integrating the optimal crop area with future irrigation water needs will result in groundwater table fluctuations under the permissible limit. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources: Assessment and Modeling, 2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 1378 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Liposomal Formulation Enhances the Anti-Senescence Properties of Nicotinamide Adenine-Dinucleotide (NAD⁺) in Endothelial Cells and Keratinocytes

by Stefano Ministrini, Luca Liberale, Hanns-Eberhard Erle, Giuseppe Percoco, Ali Tfayli, Ali Assi, Ivan Kapitonov, Isabel Greiner and Giovanni Guido Camici

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(9), 722; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47090722 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

Nicotinamide adenine-dinucleotide (NAD⁺) supplementation is a promising strategy to delay cellular aging in different areas, including cosmetic dermatology. However, low bioavailability and stability of NAD⁺ formulations are the main factors limiting its effectiveness as an anti-aging treatment. In light of [...] Read more.

Nicotinamide adenine-dinucleotide (NAD⁺) supplementation is a promising strategy to delay cellular aging in different areas, including cosmetic dermatology. However, low bioavailability and stability of NAD⁺ formulations are the main factors limiting its effectiveness as an anti-aging treatment. In light of the above, a liposomal formulation of NAD⁺ (LF-NAD⁺) was tested in this study and compared to NAD⁺ alone in primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKas). Intracellular NAD⁺ was measured using a colorimetric assay. Cell survival was derived from lactate dehydrogenase release in supernatants. Cell senescence was measured by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Molecular mechanisms underlying the reported effects were analyzed by Western blot. Skin penetration of NAD⁺ was measured ex vivo in skin explants, using infrared spectroscopy. Compared to control NAD⁺ alone, the LF-NAD⁺ formulation increased the intracellular NAD⁺ content and cell survival in HAECs, but not in HEKas. Instead, a significant reduction in the number of senescent cells was observed in both HAECs and HEKas. LF-NAD⁺ treatment was associated with a reduced expression of p16 in both HAECs and HEKas, and to a significant reduction in p21 in HEKas alone. Finally, LF-NAD⁺ increases the skin penetration of the active substance NAD⁺ by 30% compared to the application of NAD⁺ alone. LF-NAD⁺, enhances the anti-aging effects of NAD⁺ on vascular and skin cells. Such in vitro findings might indicate a potential anti-aging role in the microcirculation and in the epidermidis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Molecular Pathways in Skin Health and Diseases)

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18 pages, 5778 KB

Open AccessArticle

Hierarchical Switching Control Strategy for Smart Power-Exchange Station in Honeycomb Distribution Network

by Xiangkun Meng, Wenyao Sun, Yi Zhao, Xiaoyi Qian and Yan Zhang

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 7998; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17177998 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

The Honeycomb Distribution Network is a new distribution network architecture that utilizes the Smart Power-Exchange Station (SPES) to enable power interconnection and mutual assistance among multiple microgrids/distribution units, thereby supporting high-proportion integration of distributed renewable energy and promoting a sustainable energy transition. To [...] Read more.

The Honeycomb Distribution Network is a new distribution network architecture that utilizes the Smart Power-Exchange Station (SPES) to enable power interconnection and mutual assistance among multiple microgrids/distribution units, thereby supporting high-proportion integration of distributed renewable energy and promoting a sustainable energy transition. To promote the continuous and reliable operation of the Honeycomb Distribution Network, this paper proposes a Hierarchical Switching Control Strategy to address the issues of DC bus voltage (U_dc) fluctuation in the SPES of the Honeycomb Distribution Network, as well as the state of charge (SOC) and charging/discharging power limitation of the energy storage module (ESM). The strategy consists of the system decision-making layer and the converter control layer. The system decision-making layer selects the main converter through the importance degree of each distribution unit and determines the control strategy of each converter through the operation state of the ESM’s SOC. The converter control layer restricts the ESM’s input/output active power—this ensures the ESM’s SOC and input/output active power stay within the power boundary. Additionally, it combines the Flexible Virtual Inertia Adaptive (FVIA) control method to suppress U_dc fluctuations and improve the response speed of the ESM converter’s input/output active power. A simulation model built in MATLAB/Simulink is used to verify the proposed control strategy, and the results demonstrate that the strategy can not only effectively reduce U_dc deviation and make the ESM’s input/output power reach the stable value faster, but also effectively avoid the ESM entering the unstable operation area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Planning, Operation, Control/Protection, and Market of New Power Energy System)

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18 pages, 4559 KB

Open AccessArticle

Automating Leaf Area Measurement in Citrus: The Development and Validation of a Python-Based Tool

by Emilio Suarez, Manuel Blaser and Mary Sutton

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(17), 9750; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179750 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

Leaf area is a critical trait in plant physiology and agronomy, yet conventional measurement approaches such as those using ImageJ remain labor-intensive, user-dependent, and difficult to scale for high-throughput phenotyping. To address these limitations, we developed a fully automated, open-source Python tool for [...] Read more.

Leaf area is a critical trait in plant physiology and agronomy, yet conventional measurement approaches such as those using ImageJ remain labor-intensive, user-dependent, and difficult to scale for high-throughput phenotyping. To address these limitations, we developed a fully automated, open-source Python tool for quantifying citrus leaf area from scanned images using multi-mask HSV segmentation, contour-hierarchy filtering, and batch calibration. The tool was validated against ImageJ across 11 citrus cultivars (n = 412 leaves), representing a broad range of leaf sizes and morphologies. Agreement between methods was near perfect, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.997, mean bias within ±0.14 cm², and error rates below 2.5%. Bland–Altman analysis confirmed narrow limits of agreement (±0.3 cm²) while scatter plots showed robust performance across both small and large leaves. Importantly, the Python tool successfully handled challenging imaging conditions, including low-contrast leaves and edge-aligned specimens, where ImageJ required manual intervention. Processing efficiency was markedly improved, with the full dataset analyzed in 7 s compared with over 3 h using ImageJ, representing a >1600-fold speed increase. By eliminating manual thresholding and reducing user variability, this tool provides a reliable, efficient, and accessible framework for high-throughput leaf area quantification, advancing reproducibility and scalability in digital phenotyping. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence Applications in Precision Agriculture)

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13 pages, 437 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Sodium Nitrite-Related Fatalities: Are We Facing a New Trend? Case Report and Literature Review

by Valentina Caparrelli, Margherita Pallocci, Roberta Tittarelli, Carmelo Russo, Laura Donato, Francesca Ponzani, Pierluigi Passalacqua, Filippo Milano and Michele Treglia

Forensic Sci. 2025, 5(3), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci5030042 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

Suicide is a public health concern worldwide. The methods used worldwide can vary based on geographical context and the ease with which victims can find the means to act on suicidal thoughts. In this context, the recent emergence of an online market for [...] Read more.

Suicide is a public health concern worldwide. The methods used worldwide can vary based on geographical context and the ease with which victims can find the means to act on suicidal thoughts. In this context, the recent emergence of an online market for toxic and narcotic substances has increased accessibility to these substances for recreational and suicidal purposes. The presented case concerns a fatal sodium nitrite dose purchased online. The body exhibited the characteristic blue-gray staining of hypostasis, more evident on the neck and the upper third of the posterior surface of the chest, and toxicological analysis revealed methemoglobin levels exceeding 30%. Although there is no standardized analytical procedure, the determination of nitrite in postmortem samples is crucial in these cases. Additionally, nitrite is difficult to detect postmortem because it rapidly turns into sodium nitrate. In the case presented, capillary ion analysis (CIA) with direct UV detection was performed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of nitrite and nitrate in the cadaveric central blood samples. The analytical determination identified the presence of nitrite ions and sodium nitrate, in a concentration of 9515 µmol/L. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Interdisciplinary Frontiers in Forensic Sciences: Innovations, Ethical Principles and Collaborative Approaches)

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20 pages, 2053 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Anatomical Variations in the Superior Thyroid Artery: A Systematic Review and Implications for Free Flap Surgery

by Królikowska Aleksandra, Julia Stokłosa, Alicja Patkowska, Wiktoria Rudko, Mateusz Mazurek and Zygmunt Domagała

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(17), 6250; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14176250 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

Background: The superior thyroid artery (STA) exhibits significant anatomical variability, which is crucial for head and neck surgical procedures, particularly free flap reconstruction. This systematic review synthesizes the current knowledge on STA origin, branching patterns, perfusion territory, and its relationship with the superior [...] Read more.

Background: The superior thyroid artery (STA) exhibits significant anatomical variability, which is crucial for head and neck surgical procedures, particularly free flap reconstruction. This systematic review synthesizes the current knowledge on STA origin, branching patterns, perfusion territory, and its relationship with the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), focusing on implications for flap selection and surgical planning. Methods: A comprehensive search of relevant databases was conducted to identify studies reporting on STA anatomy. Data extraction focused on the STA origin variations, relationships with anatomical landmarks, branching patterns, perfusion territory, and the STA-SLN relationship. Emphasis was placed on variations impacting STA’s suitability as a recipient vessel for free flaps. Data were synthesized qualitatively. Results: The STA most commonly originates from the external carotid artery (ECA), with variations from the carotid bifurcation (CB) and common carotid artery (CCA). Sex-based and laterality differences were noted. Branching patterns varied considerably, influencing perfusion of the thyroid gland, larynx, and adjacent musculature. The STA’s relationship with the external branch of the SLN (EBSLN), classified by Cernea’s classification, highlighted the risk of iatrogenic injury. The STA provides perfusion to the thyroid gland, larynx, sternocleidomastoid muscle, and strap muscles, all of which can be raised as flaps. Conclusions: Understanding STA anatomical variations is essential for surgeons planning free flap reconstruction in the head and neck. This review underscores the importance of preoperative imaging to assess STA suitability as a recipient’s vessel and minimize complications. Further research is needed to quantify the impact of STA variations on free flap outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section General Surgery)

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20 pages, 1792 KB

Open AccessArticle

When the Mind Cannot Shift: Cognitive Flexibility Impairments in Methamphetamine-Dependent Individuals

by Xikun Zhang, Yue Li, Qikai Zhang, Yuan Wang, Jifan Zhou and Meng Zhang

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(9), 1207; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15091207 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

Cognitive flexibility—the ability to adapt cognitive strategies and behavioral responses in changing environments—is a key component of executive function, supporting rule updating and conflict resolution. Individuals with substance addiction often exhibit behavioral rigidity and reduced adaptability, reflecting impairments in this domain. This study [...] Read more.

Cognitive flexibility—the ability to adapt cognitive strategies and behavioral responses in changing environments—is a key component of executive function, supporting rule updating and conflict resolution. Individuals with substance addiction often exhibit behavioral rigidity and reduced adaptability, reflecting impairments in this domain. This study examined cognitive flexibility in individuals with methamphetamine dependence through three behavioral tasks—intra-dimensional task switching, extra-dimensional task switching, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)—in combination with a subjective self-report measure. Results showed that, compared to healthy controls, methamphetamine-dependent individuals demonstrated elevated reaction time switch costs in Intra-dimensional Task Switching and increased accuracy switch costs in Extra-dimensional Task Switching, as well as more perseverative and non-perseverative errors in the WCST. These findings suggested not only reduced performances in explicitly cued rule updating and strategic shifting but also deficits in feedback-driven learning and inflexibility in cognitive set shifting on methamphetamine-dependent individuals. Moreover, their self-reported cognitive flexibility scores were aligned with their objective performance, significantly lower than healthy controls. In summary, these findings revealed consistent cognitive flexibility impairments at both behavioral and subjective levels in individuals with methamphetamine dependence, indicating a core executive dysfunction that may undermine adaptive functioning in real-life contexts. The study offers critical insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying addiction and provides a theoretical foundation for targeted cognitive interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cognition)

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19 pages, 3608 KB

Open AccessArticle

Perioperative Oral Immunonutrient Regulation of Intestinal Barrier and Gut Microbiota in Patients with Gastric Cancer, a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

by Zicheng Zheng, Guanmo Liu, Yihua Wang, Jie Li, Chenggang Zhang, Yajun Zhang, Xin Ye and Weiming Kang

Biomedicines 2025, 13(9), 2163; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092163 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Perioperative enteral and parenteral nutrition have been increasingly used to treat malnutrition in patients with gastric cancer. Immunonutrients have been suggested to reduce postoperative inflammatory responses and enhance immune function compared to conventional nutritional formulas. However, the insufficiency of [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Perioperative enteral and parenteral nutrition have been increasingly used to treat malnutrition in patients with gastric cancer. Immunonutrients have been suggested to reduce postoperative inflammatory responses and enhance immune function compared to conventional nutritional formulas. However, the insufficiency of evidence and unclear specific mechanism limit the recommendation level of immunonutrients in clinical guidelines. This study aimed to investigate the effects of immunonutrients on intestinal barrier function and to explore potential mechanisms through gut microbiota modulation. Methods: A total of 58 patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery participated in this randomized controlled trial. The immunonutrients group (n = 29) was additionally supplemented with 282 mg of omega-3 fatty acids, 1.2 g of arginine, and 128 mg of nucleotides per 100 kilocalories compared to the standard nutrients group (n = 29). Perioperative serum immune, nutritional parameters, and intestinal barrier markers (diamine oxidase, D-lactate, endotoxin) were evaluated. Fecal microbiota structure and functional pathways were analyzed via metagenomic sequencing. Results: Postoperative immune and nutritional parameters showed no statistically significant intergroup differences, though mean value curves suggested a protective trend in the immunonutrients group. The immunonutrients group exhibited significantly lower postoperative diamine oxidase (p = 0.043) and endotoxin levels (p = 0.043), alongside a substantial increase in microbiota α-diversity (p = 0.0005). Probiotic genera such as Akkermansia (3.26%) and Bifidobacterium longum (2.31%) were enriched in the immunonutrients group. Functional pathway analysis suggested that immunonutrients enhanced intestinal barrier protection. Conclusions: Immunonutrients may attenuate surgery-induced intestinal barrier damage in gastric cancer patients by modulating gut microbiota diversity, enriching beneficial taxa, and suppressing pathogenic bacteria. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota, Diet, and Immunity: Investigating the Connections and Implications for Disease Development: 2nd Edition)

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13 pages, 759 KB

Open AccessReview

Prevalence of Polypharmacy Among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease—A Narrative Literature Review

by Monika Szkultecka-Dębek, Lucyna Bułaś, Agnieszka Skowron and Mariola Drozd

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(17), 6263; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14176263 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

Background and aim: Managing the therapy of patients with chronic liver diseases and comorbidities presents significant challenges for physicians and pharmacists, particularly regarding drug-induced liver damage and polypharmacy. Given the liver’s central role in drug detoxification, polypharmacy in liver disease requires special attention. [...] Read more.

Background and aim: Managing the therapy of patients with chronic liver diseases and comorbidities presents significant challenges for physicians and pharmacists, particularly regarding drug-induced liver damage and polypharmacy. Given the liver’s central role in drug detoxification, polypharmacy in liver disease requires special attention. The aim of the review was to assess the prevalence of polypharmacy among patients with chronic liver diseases. Approach and Results: A literature search focused on randomized controlled trials, database reviews, and medical records. Review of PubMed, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect databases identified 2578 manuscripts, however only 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of studies showed that the prevalence of polypharmacy among patients with chronic liver disease can exceed 50%, and can lead to high prevalence of MRP and pDDI among those patients. Conclusions: Findings reveal a critical link between polypharmacy and adverse outcomes in chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis, hepatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Individualized treatment plans, considering factors such as age, gender, comorbidities, and liver disease severity are essential. The interventions focused on mitigating MRP and reducing pDDI need to be implemented in order to reduce the potential harm of polypharmacy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug-Related Problems: Clinical Pharmacy and Safety of Pharmacotherapy)

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24 pages, 1636 KB

Open AccessReview

Diagnostic Innovations to Combat Antibiotic Resistance in Critical Care: Tools for Targeted Therapy and Stewardship

by Ahmed D. Alatawi, Helal F. Hetta, Mostafa A. Sayed Ali, Yasmin N. Ramadan, Amirah B. Alaqyli, Wareef K. Alansari, Nada H. Aldhaheri, Talidah A. Bin Selim, Shahad A. Merdad, Maram O. Alharbi, Wejdan Alhumaidi Hmdan Alatawi and Abdelazeem M. Algammal

Diagnostics 2025, 15(17), 2244; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15172244 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat, with critical care settings representing one of the most vulnerable arenas due to the high burden of infection and frequent empirical antibiotic use. Rapid and precise diagnosis of infectious pathogens is crucial for initiating appropriate [...] Read more.

Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat, with critical care settings representing one of the most vulnerable arenas due to the high burden of infection and frequent empirical antibiotic use. Rapid and precise diagnosis of infectious pathogens is crucial for initiating appropriate therapy, minimizing unnecessary antimicrobial exposure, and supporting effective stewardship programs. This review explores how innovative diagnostic technologies are reshaping infection management and antimicrobial stewardship in critical care. We examine the clinical utility of molecular assays, multiplex PCR, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, metagenomic sequencing, point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, and emerging tools like biosensors and AI-powered predictive models. These platforms enable earlier pathogen identification and resistance profiling, facilitating timely and targeted therapy while minimizing unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotic use. By integrating diagnostics into stewardship frameworks, clinicians can optimize antimicrobial regimens, improve patient outcomes, and reduce resistance selection pressure. Despite their promise, adoption is challenged by cost, infrastructure, interpretation complexity, and inequitable access, particularly in low-resource settings. Future perspectives emphasize the need for scalable, AI-enhanced, and globally accessible diagnostic solutions. In bridging innovation with clinical application, diagnostic advancements can serve as pivotal tools in the global effort to curb antimicrobial resistance in critical care environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)

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11 pages, 684 KB

Open AccessCommentary

Reframing Academic Development for the Ecological University: From ‘Change’ to ‘Growth’

by Ian M. Kinchin

Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(9), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15091159 (registering DOI) - 5 Sep 2025

Abstract

This paper contributes to an emerging multi-layered perspective of academic development that embraces the diversity of knowledges that exists across the university campus. However, across these multiple layers there are a few universal characteristics that can provide cohesion and sustainability for third-space practitioners. [...] Read more.

This paper contributes to an emerging multi-layered perspective of academic development that embraces the diversity of knowledges that exists across the university campus. However, across these multiple layers there are a few universal characteristics that can provide cohesion and sustainability for third-space practitioners. A focus on growth allows academic development to align with a philosophy of becoming that is supported by the powerful adaptive cycle heuristic. A professional framework that highlights key ecological concepts of resilience and humility draws together the professional endeavours of academic developers. This may help to disengage the university from destructive pathological values that are maintained by neoliberalism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Teacher Education)

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