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Recent Articles  

55 pages, 2462 KiB  
Review
Natural Products for Improving Soft Tissue Healing: Mechanisms, Innovations, and Clinical Potential
by Adina Alberts, Ioana Alexandra Lungescu, Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu and Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(6), 758; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060758 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
Scar development is a notable clinical and aesthetic issue in soft tissue healing, frequently compromising functionality and quality of life. Conventional treatments demonstrate limited efficacy in avoiding fibrosis and facilitating regenerative repair. Nevertheless, natural compounds have surfaced as viable alternatives owing to their [...] Read more.
Scar development is a notable clinical and aesthetic issue in soft tissue healing, frequently compromising functionality and quality of life. Conventional treatments demonstrate limited efficacy in avoiding fibrosis and facilitating regenerative repair. Nevertheless, natural compounds have surfaced as viable alternatives owing to their biocompatibility, multitarget bioactivity, and historical application in traditional medicine. This review examines the therapeutic potential of plant-derived substances, marine agents, and microbial metabolites in influencing critical stages of wound healing, including inflammation, oxidative stress, fibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. While these agents have demonstrated beneficial effects in preclinical models, their direct impact on functional or aesthetic clinical outcomes remains under investigation. We propose a hierarchical framework linking molecular mechanisms to clinical endpoints, suggesting that improvements at the cellular and molecular level may eventually support better healing quality. Natural bioactives, especially when integrated into advanced delivery systems such as hydrogels and nanocarriers, show promise for enhancing the regenerative microenvironment. By contextualizing these mechanisms within real-world therapeutic goals, this review highlights both the potential and limitations of natural products in the pursuit of improved soft tissue healing. Further translational research is needed to determine how modulation of these processes may reduce scarring and approach clinically meaningful outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Naturally Derived Materials-Based Drug Delivery Systems and Their Biomedical Applications)
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16 pages, 475 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dried Distillers Grains in Supplements for Beef Cows During Late Gestation on Cow–Calf Performance and Metabolic Status
by Johnnatan Castro Cabral Gonçalves, Jean Marcelo Albuquerque, Edinael Rodrigues de Almeida, Luanna Carla Coelho, José Augusto Moura Godinho, Lilian Yukie Pacheco Toma, Matheus Fellipe de Lana Ferreira, Luciana Navajas Rennó, Cláudia Batista Sampaio, Edenio Detmann and Sidnei Antônio Lopes
Animals 2025, 15(12), 1698; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15121698 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
Forty multiparous Nellore cows, with an average body weight, body condition score, and gestation days of 533 ± 32 kg, 5.7 ± 0.4 points, and 198 days, respectively, were managed under continuous grazing on a Urochloa decumbens pasture and either received or did [...] Read more.
Forty multiparous Nellore cows, with an average body weight, body condition score, and gestation days of 533 ± 32 kg, 5.7 ± 0.4 points, and 198 days, respectively, were managed under continuous grazing on a Urochloa decumbens pasture and either received or did not receive 1 kg/day of supplement varying in the levels of inclusion of dried distillers grains (DDG) (Control, 0% DDG, 42% DDG, or 84% DDG) during the last trimester of gestation. The objective was to evaluate the effects of prepartum DDG supplementation on performance, reproduction, fetal development, and calf performance. A quadratic effect of supplementation on BW variation pre- and postpartum was observed (p < 0.05), with cows treated with 42% DDG showing higher BW gain prepartum and low BW loss postpartum. Cows supplemented with 42% DDG had lower levels of non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate prepartum (p < 0.05). However, body weight-related metrics, such as condition score, carcass traits, and metabolic indicators, varied only by measurement day (p < 0.05). No effect of supplementation was observed on fetal development, calf metabolic profile, milk yield, or postnatal calf performance (p > 0.05). It is recommended to include up to 42% DDG in supplements for beef cows during late gestation grazing on low-quality tropical forage conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Nutrition on Reproduction and Fetal Programming of Beef Cattle)
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28 pages, 3264 KiB  
Article
Microbially Mediated Carbon Regulation by Straw Mulching in Rainfed Maize Rhizosphere
by Lei Pang, Haimei Wu, Jianlong Lu, Haofei Zheng, Xiaohua Wang, Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz and Yanli Zhou
Agronomy 2025, 15(6), 1412; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15061412 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
Soil carbon dynamics and microbial communities are critical to soil health. However, the specific effects of mulching on soil microbial community and carbon dynamics in semi-arid rainfed regions remain insufficiently understood. This study aims to identify optimal mulching practices that promote soil carbon [...] Read more.
Soil carbon dynamics and microbial communities are critical to soil health. However, the specific effects of mulching on soil microbial community and carbon dynamics in semi-arid rainfed regions remain insufficiently understood. This study aims to identify optimal mulching practices that promote soil carbon sequestration and enhance soil microbial functionality. Mulching treatments were applied in furrows before maize sowing, including black plastic film (TB), white plastic film (TW), straw mulching without sowing (TC), and straw mulching with sowing (TG), and were compared with flat sowing without mulching (TN). Results revealed that TG treatment promoted soil carbon dynamics by increasing total carbon (9%), organic carbon (19%), microbial biomass carbon (100%), easily oxidized carbon (10%), particulate-associated carbon (77%), carbon stability index (7%), active carbon fraction (45%), dissolved carbon proportion (30%), and microbial quotient (34%) compared to TN. A higher abundance and composition of bacterial communities were observed compared to fungal communities. The highest bacterial abundance of Kaistobacter, iii1_15, Sinobacteraceae, and Xanthomonadaceae, and fungal abundance of unspecified fungi, Laiosphaeriaceae, and Sordariomycetes, with the dominant aerobic respiration metabolic pathway involved in organic matter decomposition, were observed in TG and TC. The results indicated that TG treatment most effectively promoted carbon fractions and microbial activity that could strengthen soil health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Innovative Cropping Systems)
19 pages, 7989 KiB  
Review
Atomic Manipulation of 2D Materials by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Advances in Graphene and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
by Tingting Wang, Lingtao Zhan, Teng Zhang, Yan Li, Haolong Fan, Xiongbai Cao, Zhenru Zhou, Qinze Yu, Cesare Grazioli, Huixia Yang, Quanzhen Zhang and Yeliang Wang
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(12), 888; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15120888 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in atomic-scale manipulation of two-dimensional (2D) materials, particularly graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). STM, originally developed for high-resolution imaging, has evolved into a powerful tool for precise manipulation [...] Read more.
This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in atomic-scale manipulation of two-dimensional (2D) materials, particularly graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). STM, originally developed for high-resolution imaging, has evolved into a powerful tool for precise manipulation of 2D materials, enabling translational, rotational, folding, picking, and etching operations at the nanoscale. These manipulation techniques are critical for constructing custom heterostructures, tuning electronic properties, and exploring dynamic behaviors such as superlubricity, strain engineering, phase transitions, and quantum confinement effects. We detail the fundamental mechanisms behind STM-based manipulations and present representative experimental results, including stress-induced bandgap modulation, tip-induced phase transformations, and atomic-precision nanostructuring. The versatility and cleanliness of STM offer unique advantages over conventional transfer methods, paving the way for innovative applications in nanoelectronics, quantum devices, and 2D material-based systems. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future prospects of integrating STM manipulation with advanced computational techniques for automated nanofabrication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Structured Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications (2nd Edition))
21 pages, 580 KiB  
Article
Impact of Capital Endowment and Environmental Literacy on Farmers’ Willingness to Pay and Level of Payment for Domestic Waste Management
by Dandan Fan and Lanzhen Tong
Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5308; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125308 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
China’s rural rejuvenation rationale reveals that domestic waste management (DWM), as a gateway to habitat enhancement, is a critical policy pathway for achieving sustainable rural development. This paper analyzes the influence of capital endowment (CE) and environmental literacy (EL) on farmers’ willingness to [...] Read more.
China’s rural rejuvenation rationale reveals that domestic waste management (DWM), as a gateway to habitat enhancement, is a critical policy pathway for achieving sustainable rural development. This paper analyzes the influence of capital endowment (CE) and environmental literacy (EL) on farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for DWM through a binary logistic model, focusing on the Yangtze River Delta region, with 571 farmers contributing validated responses. It also conducts a more in-depth exploration of the regulatory role of EL and the influence of CE on WTP for DWM. The findings are as follows: (1) CE and sub-dimensions of economic capital and psychological capital yield a substantial positive effect on WTP for DWM. (2) CE and sub-dimensions of economic capital, human capital, and psychological capital yield a substantial positive effect on LOP for DWM. (3) EL and sub-dimensions of ER, EP, and EKS exert a notably positive influence on WTP and LOP for DWM. (4) EL functions as a moderator in the effect of CE on WTP for DWM. Based on this, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to improve farmers’ WTP for DWM from two aspects: optimize the structure of farmers’ capital endowment and foster a positive climate for the entire society to safeguard the environment and strengthen the environmental literacy education system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
16 pages, 1793 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of Red Watermelon in Preventing Atherosclerosis Through the Role of Lipids, PCSK9, LOX-1, CD36, and ABCA1 in Wistar Rats
by Mochamad Bahrudin, Asra Al Fauzi and Paulus Sugianto
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(6), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47060433 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition marked by lipid accumulation, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, leading to narrowed arteries and an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes. Key proteins involved in this process include PCSK9, LOX-1, ROS, CD36, and ABCA1. PCSK9 degrades LDL receptors, [...] Read more.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition marked by lipid accumulation, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, leading to narrowed arteries and an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes. Key proteins involved in this process include PCSK9, LOX-1, ROS, CD36, and ABCA1. PCSK9 degrades LDL receptors, raising blood LDL levels, while LOX-1 and CD36 promote the uptake of oxidized LDL by macrophages, enhancing foam cell formation. ABCA1, on the other hand, facilitates cholesterol efflux to HDL, reducing atherosclerosis risk. Red watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), rich in lycopene, citrulline, and vitamins A, C, and E, has antioxidant and cardioprotective properties. This study aimed to explore the effects of red watermelon extract on the expression of PCSK9, LOX-1, ROS, TNFα, CD36, and ABCA1 in a Wistar rat model of atherosclerosis. In a randomized control trial, male Wistar rats were induced with a high-fat diet (margarine) and treated with red watermelon extract for four weeks. The findings showed that red watermelon extract reduced the expression of PCSK9, LOX-1, CD36, ROS, and TNFα, leading to lower LDL levels, and inhibited foam cell formation. It also increased ABCA1 expression, thus promoting cholesterol efflux and higher HDL levels. Path analysis confirmed that the anti-atherogenic effect of C. lanatus was primarily mediated through the PCSK9-ABCA1-FC axis. This suggests that red watermelon may serve as a natural agent for atherosclerosis prevention by regulating lipid metabolism pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacological Activities and Mechanisms of Action of Natural Products)
23 pages, 3715 KiB  
Article
Crushed Stone Grain Shapes Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks
by Alexey N. Beskopylny, Evgenii M. Shcherban’, Sergey A. Stel’makh, Irina Razveeva, Alexander L. Mailyan, Diana Elshaeva, Andrei Chernil’nik, Nadezhda I. Nikora and Gleb Onore
Buildings 2025, 15(12), 1982; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15121982 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
Currently, intelligent technologies are becoming both a topical subject for theoretical discussions and a proper tool for transforming traditional industries, including the construction industry. The construction industry intensively uses innovative methods based on intelligent algorithms of various natures. As practice shows, modern intelligent [...] Read more.
Currently, intelligent technologies are becoming both a topical subject for theoretical discussions and a proper tool for transforming traditional industries, including the construction industry. The construction industry intensively uses innovative methods based on intelligent algorithms of various natures. As practice shows, modern intelligent technologies based on AI surpass traditional ones in accuracy and speed of information processing. This study implements methods using convolutional neural networks, which solve an important problem in the construction industry—to classify crushed stone grains by their shape. Rapid determination of the crushed stone grain class will allow determining the content of lamellar and acicular grains, which in turn is a characteristic that affects the strength, adhesion, and filler placement. The classification algorithms were based on the ResNet50, MobileNetV3 Small, and DenseNet121 architectures. Three-dimensional images of acicular, lamellar, and cuboid grains were converted into single-channel digital tensor format. During the laboratory experiment, the proposed intelligent algorithms demonstrated high stability and efficiency. The total processing time for 200 grains, including the photo recording stage, averaged 16 min 41 s, with the accuracy reaching 92%, which is comparable to the results of manual classification by specialists. These models provide for the complete automation of crushed stone grain typing, leading to reduced labor costs and a decreased likelihood of human error. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation)
18 pages, 4974 KiB  
Article
Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Plant–Litter–Soil Among Different Forest Stands in a Limestone Region of China
by Yeqiao Wang, Haochuan Tu, Jingjing Zheng, Xiongjie Li, Guibin Wang and Jing Guo
Plants 2025, 14(12), 1758; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14121758 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
The transformation of degraded stands represents an essential strategy for enhancing stand productivity and optimizing site adaptability. This study examined four typical monoculture forest stands transformed from underperforming Platycladus orientalis (PO) forests in the limestone area of Xuzhou, China: Acer pictum [...] Read more.
The transformation of degraded stands represents an essential strategy for enhancing stand productivity and optimizing site adaptability. This study examined four typical monoculture forest stands transformed from underperforming Platycladus orientalis (PO) forests in the limestone area of Xuzhou, China: Acer pictum subsp. mono (AP), Pistacia chinensis (PC), Ligustrum lucidum (LL), and Firmiana simplex (FS). The contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), along with the C:N:P stoichiometric ratios, were analyzed in plants (leaves and fine roots), litter, and soil. The relationships among these components and their main influencing factors were explored. The results indicated that FS leaves contained higher levels of N and P, whereas LL litter presented significantly elevated C:N and N:P ratios in comparison with those of the other forest stands (p < 0.05). With the exception of FS, leaves displayed lower P than fine roots, which presented pronounced P enrichment. The soil C, N, and P contents decreased with depth, with both the forest stand and depth significantly impacting the soil stoichiometry (p < 0.01). Redundancy analysis identified available potassium, total nitrogen, and microbial biomass carbon in the soil as key factors influencing the stoichiometric characteristics of the leaf–fine root–litter continuum. Collectively, the leaf N:P ratios (>16) and low soil P contents indicate that plantation growth was primarily constrained by P limitation. In response, AP, PC, and LL allocate more P to fine roots to adapt to the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant–Soil Interactions)
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21 pages, 528 KiB  
Article
Research on the Impact of Corporate ESG Performance on Sustained Innovation in the VUCA Context: Evidence from China
by Huicong Li, Jie Wang, Ruzhen Zhang and Mengran Duan
Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5304; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125304 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
In recent years, corporate innovation has faced growing pressures from macroeconomic fluctuations and intensifying industry competition, making the maintenance of uninterrupted innovation increasingly crucial. This study selected Chinese listed firms from 2015 to 2022 as samples and adopted a panel fixed-effect model to [...] Read more.
In recent years, corporate innovation has faced growing pressures from macroeconomic fluctuations and intensifying industry competition, making the maintenance of uninterrupted innovation increasingly crucial. This study selected Chinese listed firms from 2015 to 2022 as samples and adopted a panel fixed-effect model to examine the impact of corporate ESG performance on sustained innovation, with particular attention to external environmental pressures, including macroeconomic uncertainty, industry competition, and market attention. The results demonstrate that corporate ESG performance significantly promotes corporate sustained innovation. Mechanism analyses indicate that from the dual perspectives of resource effects and governance effects, ESG performance primarily enhances sustained innovation by increasing investment in R&D funding and personnel, as well as avoiding managerial myopia. Specifically, macroeconomic uncertainty dampens the positive effect of ESG performance, whereas, under industry competitive and market scrutiny pressures, the beneficial impact of ESG performance on sustained innovation becomes more evident. The research findings expand the internal drivers for sustained innovation, enrich the study of economic consequences of ESG performance, and clarify the differentiated moderating effects of various external pressures under VUCA scenarios. By integrating internal drivers and external complex environments, the paper offers practical insights for firms to leverage ESG practices for innovation resilience and long-term growth, particularly under dynamic market conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Business Practices in Emerging Markets: Innovation, Governance, and Environmental Impact)
21 pages, 5091 KiB  
Article
Desertification and Agrifood Systems: Restoration of Degraded Agricultural Lands in the Arab Region
by Feras Ziadat, Giulia Conchedda, Fidaa Haddad, Jeremiah Njeru, Aurélie Brès, Mona Dawelbait and Lifeng Li
Agriculture 2025, 15(12), 1249; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15121249 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
The FAO estimates that 1660 million hectares globally are degraded due to human activities, with over 60% of this degradation affecting agricultural lands, including croplands and pastures. Given that 95% of global food production depends on land, this widespread degradation presents significant challenges [...] Read more.
The FAO estimates that 1660 million hectares globally are degraded due to human activities, with over 60% of this degradation affecting agricultural lands, including croplands and pastures. Given that 95% of global food production depends on land, this widespread degradation presents significant challenges to agrifood systems. This study compares patterns of human-induced land degradation in Arab countries with global and regional averages, examining drivers, impacts on agrifood systems, current yield gaps, and restoration opportunities. The results indicate that in the Arab region, two-thirds of the 70 million hectares affected by human-induced degradation—over 46 million hectares—are agricultural land, with croplands particularly impacted. However, with less than 4% of land in the Arab region designated for restoration, the region lags behind global targets. Restoring 26 million hectares of degraded cropland could reduce the yield gap by up to 50% for oil crops and help cereal, root, and tuber crops approach their potential yields. These findings underscore the pressing need for a regional initiative specifically targeting agricultural land degradation to enhance food security, reduce poverty, and support sustainable and resilient agrifood systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for Resilient and Sustainable Agri-Food Systems)
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23 pages, 887 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Saudi and Middle East Green Initiatives: The Role of Environmental Governance, Renewable Energy Transition, and Innovation in Achieving a Regional Green Future
by Osama Ali Mohamed Elkebti and Wagdi M. S. Khalifa
Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5307; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125307 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
The transition to sustainable, innovation-driven economies has become a global imperative, particularly for resource-dependent regions like the Middle East, where environmental challenges, fossil fuel reliance, and economic diversification pressures intersect. In this context, green innovation plays a pivotal role in mitigating environmental degradation [...] Read more.
The transition to sustainable, innovation-driven economies has become a global imperative, particularly for resource-dependent regions like the Middle East, where environmental challenges, fossil fuel reliance, and economic diversification pressures intersect. In this context, green innovation plays a pivotal role in mitigating environmental degradation while supporting long-term economic growth. This study examines the short-term and long-term drivers of green innovation across 13 Middle Eastern countries from 1990 to 2023, with a focus on environmental governance, environmental pollution, economic growth, and natural resource abundance. Using a balanced panel dataset, this study applies Frees, Friedman, and Pesaran CSD tests to address cross-sectional dependency and second-generation unit root tests for data stationarity. Both first- and second-generation cointegration tests confirm long-run relationships among variables. The empirical analysis employs the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) model, alongside Pooled Mean Group (PMG-ARDL), Average Mean Group (AMG), and Common Correlated Effects CCEMG estimators, ensuring robustness. The findings indicate that, in the long term, environmental governance, economic growth, population size, and natural resource abundance significantly promote green innovation, with respective coefficients of 0.3, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.4. Conversely, human development and environmental pollution exert a negative influence on green innovation, particularly over the long term. These results suggest that, while economic and governance factors drive innovation, human capital development may prioritize immediate growth over sustainability, and pollution may hinder long-term innovation. Enhancing environmental governance, accelerating renewables, using strategic resource revenue for green projects, integrating green growth, and regional collaboration can position Middle Eastern economies as green innovation leaders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Economics in Sustainable Social Policy Development)
17 pages, 3610 KiB  
Article
Semi-Active Vibration Control for High-Speed Elevator Using Magnetorheological Damper
by Marcos Gonçalves, Maria E. K. Fuziki, Jose M. Balthazar, Giane G. Lenzi and Angelo M. Tusset
Magnetism 2025, 5(2), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetism5020013 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
This paper presents the results of investigating the application of magnetorheological fluids in controlling the lateral and angular vibrations of a high-speed elevator. Numerical simulations are performed for a mathematical model with two degrees of freedom. The lateral and rotational accelerations are analyzed [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of investigating the application of magnetorheological fluids in controlling the lateral and angular vibrations of a high-speed elevator. Numerical simulations are performed for a mathematical model with two degrees of freedom. The lateral and rotational accelerations are analyzed for different travel speeds to determine passenger comfort levels. To attenuate the elevator vibrations, the introduction of a magnetorheological damper in parallel with the passive damper of the elevator rollers is considered. To semi-actively control the dissipative forces of the magnetorheological fluids, a State-Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE control) is proposed. The numerical results demonstrate that using an MR damper makes it possible to reduce the acceleration levels of the elevator cabin, thus improving passenger comfort and reducing the elevator’s vibration levels and wear on the mechanical and electronic components of the elevator. In addition to the results, a detailed sensitivity analysis is presented. Full article
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33 pages, 1830 KiB  
Review
Eleutherococcus senticosus (Acanthopanax senticosus): An Important Adaptogenic Plant
by Grzegorz Kos, Katarzyna Czarnek, Ilona Sadok, Agnieszka Krzyszczak-Turczyn, Paweł Kubica, Karolina Fila, Gizem Emre, Małgorzata Tatarczak-Michalewska, Małgorzata Latalska, Eliza Blicharska, Daniel Załuski, Nazım Şekeroğlu and Agnieszka Szopa
Molecules 2025, 30(12), 2512; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30122512 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
This comprehensive review focuses on Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES), examining the phytochemical composition, traditional medicinal roles, ecological traits, and pharmacological effects. Native to Northeast Asia, ES is used in traditional Chinese, Korean, and Japanese medicine. The rhizomes and bark are utilized medicinally and valued [...] Read more.
This comprehensive review focuses on Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES), examining the phytochemical composition, traditional medicinal roles, ecological traits, and pharmacological effects. Native to Northeast Asia, ES is used in traditional Chinese, Korean, and Japanese medicine. The rhizomes and bark are utilized medicinally and valued for their adaptogenic properties that enhance stress resistance, boost mental and physical endurance, and exhibit immunostimulatory effects that strengthen the immune system. Its pharmacological potential stems from a variety of bioactive compounds, including eleutherosides, lignans, saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, which contribute to health benefits such as neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antioxidative activities. Neuroprotective properties may aid in the management of neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, while antidiabetic effects support glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity. With increasing demands and conservation concerns, sustainable cultivation practices are essential, as ES is endangered in some areas. Plant biotechnology techniques offer solutions to enhance secondary metabolite yields while ensuring genetic stability and minimizing environmental impacts. ES is a promising natural resource for various industries because of its extensive benefits. Still, its conservation and sustainable production are critical and require ongoing research and innovative cultivation strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Natural Compounds Research: Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology)
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36 pages, 1077 KiB  
Review
The Range and Impact of Adverse and Positive Childhood Experiences on Psychosocial Outcomes in Children with Intellectual Disabilities: A Scoping Review
by Jessica Vervoort-Schel, Gabriëlle Mercera, Inge Wissink, Janneke Staaks, Peer van der Helm, Ramón Lindauer and Xavier Moonen
Disabilities 2025, 5(2), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/disabilities5020055 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
Children with intellectual disabilities experience unique developmental, social, and environmental challenges that intersect with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and positive childhood experiences (PCEs), shaping their psychosocial outcomes. While prior research has mainly examined single adversities or protective elements, the frameworks of ACEs and [...] Read more.
Children with intellectual disabilities experience unique developmental, social, and environmental challenges that intersect with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and positive childhood experiences (PCEs), shaping their psychosocial outcomes. While prior research has mainly examined single adversities or protective elements, the frameworks of ACEs and PCEs provide a broader understanding of their cumulative and interactive effects. However, these constructs remain underexplored in children with intellectual disabilities. This scoping review maps the range, conceptualization, and impact of ACEs, PCEs, and related concepts on psychosocial outcomes. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, a search of PsycInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified studies until October 2024. Two reviewers screened and extracted data using standardized criteria. Findings reveal variability in how ACEs and PCEs are defined and measured. ACE exposure, particularly the cumulative impact of multiple ACEs (polyvictimization), links to adverse psychosocial outcomes, including emotional (e.g., anxiety, depression, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder), behavioral (e.g., aggression, conduct problems), and developmental (e.g., social and adaptive skill deficits) difficulties. PCEs—such as positive parent–child relationships, teacher–student support, and peer acceptance—mitigate risks, though impact varies by context. Intellectual disabilities severity and socioeconomic adversity shape associations. Further research is needed to inform the adaptation of ACE–PCE frameworks for children with intellectual disabilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Physical Health and Well-Being of Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities)
19 pages, 1500 KiB  
Article
Green Design and Life Cycle Assessment of Novel Thiophene-Based Surfactants to Balance Their Synthesis Performance and Environmental Impact
by Catalina Stoica, Alina Roxana Banciu, Hisham Idriss, Justin Z. Lian, Anca-Maria Patrascu, Stefano Cucurachi, Sébastien Richeter, Sébastien Clément and Mihai Nita-Lazar
Materials 2025, 18(12), 2701; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18122701 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
Continuous human population growth, industrialization, and technical progress have increased the demand for a new design and synthesis of chemical compounds. Developing eco-friendly chemical compounds has been a priority for fostering a sustainable and healthy environment, which is directly linked to human well-being. [...] Read more.
Continuous human population growth, industrialization, and technical progress have increased the demand for a new design and synthesis of chemical compounds. Developing eco-friendly chemical compounds has been a priority for fostering a sustainable and healthy environment, which is directly linked to human well-being. In this context, green chemistry and circular economy principles have been applied to generate valuable new chemicals, such as surfactants, with high market value. Surfactants play a crucial role in various products for both domestic and industrial applications, leading to their large-scale production a diverse array of chemical structures. However, the advantages of their use must be balanced against their negative environmental impact as pollutants. Thus, there is an increasing demand for the development of new eco-friendly surfactants. Additionally, life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of new surfactants are essential for evaluating their environmental impact, enhancing energy efficiency and facilitating the transition toward sustainable energy resources. In this work, we present the chemical synthesis of oligomeric and polymeric thiophene-based surfactants with potential applications in biosensors, organic transistors, and various other fields. The newly synthesized oligomeric and polymeric thiophene-based surfactants demonstrated medium-to-high biodegradation potential and showed no significant ecotoxicological effects on bacterial communities. However, the LCA of their synthesis revealed a negative impact on the environment and human health, particularly concerning polymeric thiophene-based surfactants. The LCA identified specific chemical steps that could be optimized to develop a new generation of eco-friendly surfactants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Biological, Medical and Environmental Applications (3rd Edition))
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40 pages, 4806 KiB  
Review
On the Origin of Thermally Enhanced Upconversion Luminescence in Lanthanide-Doped Nanosized Fluoride Phosphors
by Shirun Yan
Materials 2025, 18(12), 2700; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18122700 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
Thermally enhanced upconversion luminescence (UCL), also known as negative thermal quenching of UCL, denotes a continuous increase in the UCL emission intensity of a particular phosphor with a rising temperature. In recent years, the thermal enhancement of UCL has attracted extensive research attention, [...] Read more.
Thermally enhanced upconversion luminescence (UCL), also known as negative thermal quenching of UCL, denotes a continuous increase in the UCL emission intensity of a particular phosphor with a rising temperature. In recent years, the thermal enhancement of UCL has attracted extensive research attention, with numerous reports detailing this effect in phosphors characterized by varying particle sizes, architectures, and compositions. Several hypotheses have been formulated to explain the underlying mechanisms driving this thermal enhancement. This paper rigorously examines thermally enhanced UCL in fluoride nanoparticles by addressing two key questions: (1) Is the thermal enhancement of UCL an intrinsic feature of these nanoparticles? (2) Can the proposed mechanisms explaining this enhancement be unequivocally supported by the existing literature? Upon analyzing a compilation of experimental observations alongside the concurrent phenomena occurred during spectral measurements, it is postulated that thermally enhanced UCL intensity is likely a consequence of multiple extrinsic factors operating simultaneously at elevated temperatures, rather than being an intrinsic property of nanoparticles. These factors include moisture desorption, laser-induced local heating, and lattice thermal expansion. The size-dependent properties of nanoparticles, such as surface-to-volume ratio, thermal expansion coefficient, and quantum yield, are the fundamental reasons for the size-dependent thermal enhancement factor of UCL. Temperature-dependent emission spectral intensity is not a dependable indicator for assessing the thermal quenching properties of phosphors. This is because it is influenced not only by the phosphor’s quantum yield, but also by various extrinsic factors at high temperatures. The nonlinear nature of UCL further magnifies the impact of these extrinsic factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optical and Photonic Materials)
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24 pages, 3128 KiB  
Review
Biochar-Based Materials for Catalytic CO2 Valorization
by Shahab Zomorodbakhsh, Lucas D. Dias, Mário J. F. Calvete, Andreia F. Peixoto, Rui M. B. Carrilho and Mariette M. Pereira
Catalysts 2025, 15(6), 568; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15060568 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
Biochar-based materials have gathered increasing attention as sustainable catalysts for carbon dioxide (CO2) valorization, offering a green alternative to traditional metal-based systems. Produced from renewable biomass through pyrolysis, biochar possesses key features—such as high surface area, rich porosity and tunable surface [...] Read more.
Biochar-based materials have gathered increasing attention as sustainable catalysts for carbon dioxide (CO2) valorization, offering a green alternative to traditional metal-based systems. Produced from renewable biomass through pyrolysis, biochar possesses key features—such as high surface area, rich porosity and tunable surface chemistry—that make it particularly suited for heterogeneous catalysis. This review highlights recent advances in the use of biochar-derived catalysts for key CO2 conversion reactions, focusing on cycloaddition to epoxides, dry reforming of methane and catalytic biomass upgrading. Emphasis is given to the role of biochar’s origin and preparation methods, which critically influence its structure, surface functionality and catalytic performance. Feedstocks rich in mineral content or oxygenated groups, for instance, can enhance CO2 activation and product selectivity. Furthermore, tailored modifications—such as doping with heteroatoms or supporting metal nanoparticles—further boost catalytic activity and stability by tuning acid–base behavior, while maintaining low toxicity and cost-effectiveness. Compared to conventional catalysts, biochar-based systems offer advantages in low cost, recyclability and resistance to deactivation. Challenges remain in standardizing production methods, controlling structural variability, minimizing metal leaching and scaling up. This review presents biochar as a versatile, renewable platform for CO2 utilization, highlighting the importance of rational design, feedstock selection and functionalization strategies for developing efficient, sustainable catalytic systems, in line with green chemistry and circular economy principles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Catalysts to Address Environmental Challenges)
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16 pages, 557 KiB  
Review
Healing Ability of Endodontic Filling Materials in Retrograde Treatment: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies
by Tarek Ashi, Rim Bourgi, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Louis Hardan, Carmen Nahat, Zaher Altaqi, Naji Kharouf and Youssef Haikel
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 6461; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126461 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
The fundamental goal of endodontic surgery is to remove the infection cause and create an ideal environment for periapical tissue and bone recovery. This systematic review aims to present evidence-based findings regarding the healing ability of endodontic materials in retrograde treatment. The study [...] Read more.
The fundamental goal of endodontic surgery is to remove the infection cause and create an ideal environment for periapical tissue and bone recovery. This systematic review aims to present evidence-based findings regarding the healing ability of endodontic materials in retrograde treatment. The study evaluates the advantages and drawbacks of commonly utilized materials, empowering clinicians with valuable insights for preoperative planning in endodontic surgery. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including MEDLINE, Scielo, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar, using the PIOT framework. A total of 3124 papers were identified, of which 2534 remained after removing duplicates. Following a stringent selection process, 35 clinical studies were included for qualitative assessment. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies—of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for non-randomized trials, the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cohort studies, and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for cross-sectional studies. Due to high heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes, a meta-analysis could not be performed. The review identified Super Ethoxybenzoic Acid (Super EBA), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM®), Retroplast, Endosequence®, and gutta-percha as the primary retrograde root filling materials. Follow-up periods ranged from 6 months to 17.5 years. Although the materials showed varying degrees of success, the overall findings highlighted that no single material demonstrated universally superior healing ability. The review also emphasized the need for standardization in future clinical trials to facilitate better comparisons. The selection of retrograde filling materials plays a pivotal role in the success of endodontic surgery. New bioceramic materials like MTA and Biodentine offer improved sealing, biocompatibility, and tissue regeneration compared to traditional materials, leading to better clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects, Third Edition)
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17 pages, 2371 KiB  
Systematic Review
Pott’s Puffy Tumor in the Adult Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case Reports
by Klaudia Kokot, Justyna Małgorzata Fercho, Konrad Duszyński, Weronika Jagieło, Jakub Miller, Oskar Gerald Chasles, Rami Yuser, Martyna Klecha, Rafał Matuszczak, Eryk Nowiński, Kaja Klein-Awerjanow, Tomasz Nowicki, Maciej Mielczarek, Jacek Szypenbejl, Mariusz Siemiński and Tomasz Szmuda
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(12), 4062; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14124062 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
Objectives: Pott’s puffy tumor (PPT) is a rare and life-threatening infection of the frontal sinuses, predominantly affecting children but with less frequent reports in adults. Therefore, we present an analysis of one hundred and eighty-one cases of adult patients diagnosed with PPT, [...] Read more.
Objectives: Pott’s puffy tumor (PPT) is a rare and life-threatening infection of the frontal sinuses, predominantly affecting children but with less frequent reports in adults. Therefore, we present an analysis of one hundred and eighty-one cases of adult patients diagnosed with PPT, along with a description of one of our cases. The purpose of this research is to identify the most common symptoms, predisposing medical history, predominant microorganisms, commonly used antibiotics, treatment options, long-term outcomes, and possible complications in adults. Despite its rarity, PPT has a dynamic course, necessitating familiarization with appropriate treatment methods to improve patient well-being. Methods: Methods involved a systematic search of PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Scopus, following PRISMA guidelines. A total of 122 articles were screened, providing 180 adult patients aged 18 to 86, alongside 1 additional patient treated at our institution, bringing the total to 181 patients. Results: The results showed that the patients ranged from 18 to 86 years of age (mean age of 47 years), with 72.2% being males. The most common symptoms were forehead swelling (74.7%), frontal headache (67%), fever (59.3%), and acute/chronic rhinosinusitis (39.6%). The risk factors associated with its development include sinusitis (49.5%) and previous head trauma (12.6%). Intracranial involvement was found in 38.1% of patients. Streptococcus spp. (19.3%) and Staphylococcus spp. (16.6%) were the most commonly identified pathogens. Surgical intervention was employed in 87.3% of cases, with a mean hospital stay of 23 days. There was no significant difference in hospital stay or rehospitalization rates between those with and without intracranial involvement. Antibiotic therapy was used in 87.3% of cases, with a mean duration of 61 days. A combination of Cephalosporin, Metronidazole, and Nafcillin was the most common empirical antibiotic therapy. The mean follow-up period was 14 months, with a mortality rate of 1.6%. Conclusions: The conclusion highlights the importance of the prompt initiation of empirical antibiotic therapy, followed by targeted treatment based on microbiological cultures. Recognizing that PPT symptoms are not exclusive to pediatric patients but can also affect adults is crucial. PPT warrants further research to optimize its management and outcomes. It is believed that PPT may be more treatable in adults when identified early, which emphasizes the need for PPT recognition among adults. Timely empirical antibiotics based on microbiological results, along with appropriate surgical intervention, are critical for improving outcomes. Multidisciplinary care involving otolaryngologists, neurologists, and infectious disease specialists is essential. Further studies should be developed for the evaluation of diagnostic protocols and long-term management strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Otolaryngology)
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16 pages, 2358 KiB  
Article
Tuning the Inter-Chromophore Electronic Coupling in Perylene Diimide Dimers with Rigid Covalent Linkers
by Guo Yu, Yixuan Gao, Yonghang Li, Yiran Tian, Xiaoyu Zhang, Yandong Han, Jinsheng Song, Wensheng Yang and Xiaonan Ma
Molecules 2025, 30(12), 2513; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30122513 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
The organic multi-chromophore system has been increasingly attractive due to the potential optoelectronic applications. The inter-chromophore electronic coupling (EC), i.e., JCoul and JCT, plays a critical role in determining the relaxation path of the excited state. However, the molecular designing [...] Read more.
The organic multi-chromophore system has been increasingly attractive due to the potential optoelectronic applications. The inter-chromophore electronic coupling (EC), i.e., JCoul and JCT, plays a critical role in determining the relaxation path of the excited state. However, the molecular designing strategy for effective tuning of inter-chromophore EC is still challenging. In this computational work, we designed a series of perylene diimides (PDI) covalent dimers with rigid linking cores containing thiophene (Th) or phenyl (Ph) fragments and performed corresponding theoretical investigation to analyze the inter-PDI electronic coupling. Vibrational analysis indicated that the minimized excited state structural relaxation (ES-SR) can ensure the rigid inter-PDI geometry pre-defined by the topological characteristic of linking cores, leading to comparable |JCoul| on S0 and S1 states. The saddle-shaped linking cores allow collaborative tuning of inter-PDI dihedral (a) and slipping (q) angles, leading to effective tuning of inter-PDI |JCoul| = 0–1000 cm−1. Our work provides a new molecular designing strategy for effective tuning of inter-chromophore EC for organic chromophores. By using a rigid inter-chromophore structure, the ignorable ES-SR allows simplified molecular designing without considering the plausible geometric difference between S1 and S0 states, which might be useful for future applications in organic optoelectronics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Chemistry)
24 pages, 5675 KiB  
Article
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Circaea lutetiana EthanolicExtract: Phytochemical Profiling, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation
by Zhanar Iskakova, Akmaral Kozhantayeva, Aliya Temirbekova, Saule Mukhtubayeva, Gulmira Bissenova, Zhanar Tekebayeva, Kairtai Almagambetov, Yerbolat Tashenov and Zinigul Sarmurzina
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(12), 5505; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125505 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
In the current decade, the use of plant extracts for the green preparation of metal nanoparticles has garnered increasing attention due to their eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. In the current study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the ethanolic extract of Circaea lutetiana [...] Read more.
In the current decade, the use of plant extracts for the green preparation of metal nanoparticles has garnered increasing attention due to their eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. In the current study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the ethanolic extract of Circaea lutetiana for the first time. Thetotal flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC)of the extract were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was employed to determine the functional groups involved in both the reduction and stabilization processes of AgNPs. The formation and optical properties of AgNPs were confirmed by Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The greenlysynthesized AgNPs were characterized by FT-IR, UV–Vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analyses, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results confirmed that the AgNPs were spherical in shape with an average size of approximately 3.8 nm and showed a good crystalline nature. Additionally, the AgNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, demonstrating their potential as green antimicrobial agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Nanomaterials: Approaches, Strategies and Applications)
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16 pages, 788 KiB  
Article
The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress and Student Engagement for Student Teachers’ Intention to Drop Out of University in Germany: An Analysis Using the Study Demands–Resources Model Under Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Conditions
by Edgar Hahn, Dina Kuhlee, Julia Zimmermann and Juan Serrano-Sánchez
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(6), 719; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15060719 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
This article examines the interplay between study demands, institutional resources, and individual resources, specifically resilience, with the perceived stress, study engagement, and dropout intentions of student teachers using the Study Demands–Resources model. The aim is to describe the relevance of these variables in [...] Read more.
This article examines the interplay between study demands, institutional resources, and individual resources, specifically resilience, with the perceived stress, study engagement, and dropout intentions of student teachers using the Study Demands–Resources model. The aim is to describe the relevance of these variables in relation to student teachers’ intention to drop out of their studies as an indicator of student success. Further, we aim to explore whether the correlation structures can also be confirmed under different conditions, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To answer these questions, data collected under pandemic study conditions (NLA1 = 510) and post-pandemic study conditions (NLA2 = 433) are used and analysed by SEM. The results show that the Study Demands–Resources model is applicable in the two different contexts based on its validation in both study contexts. In line with the model, in both contexts, perceived stress and student engagement were significantly related to student teachers’ dropout intentions. Furthermore, study demands and resilience influenced perceived stress, which in turn affected dropout intentions, whereas institutional resources were associated with dropout intentions via student engagement. This article contextualises the findings within the existing research landscape. Based on the results, theoretical implications are discussed and approaches to reduce perceived stress in a sustainable manner to support student teachers and their academic success are described. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mind Matters: Exploring Mental Health and Well-Being in the Education System)
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14 pages, 649 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Allergen-Specific IgE Positivity and Serum Immunoglobulin E Concentrations of Allergens in Dogs with Suspected Allergic Dermatitis Using the Multiple Allergen Simultaneous Test in South Korea
by Yoon-Seok Jang, Jae-Il Han, Eun-Soo Lee, Doo-Sung Cheon, Aryung Nam and Jae-Eun Hyun
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(6), 563; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12060563 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
Type I allergies are triggered by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reactions upon allergen exposure. Dogs are diagnosed with allergic dermatitis based on history, clinical signs, and allergen-specific IgE detection. Using the multiple allergen simultaneous test (MAST)–immunoblot assay, this study measured IgE concentrations and [...] Read more.
Type I allergies are triggered by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reactions upon allergen exposure. Dogs are diagnosed with allergic dermatitis based on history, clinical signs, and allergen-specific IgE detection. Using the multiple allergen simultaneous test (MAST)–immunoblot assay, this study measured IgE concentrations and analyzed the proportion of dogs showing allergen-specific IgE positivity, and IgE concentrations of environmental and food allergens in South Korea. We examined data from canine serum using the MAST assay in 2023; the allergen panel included 130 allergens. Data were analyzed, with results greater than zero regarded as positive for the prevalence measurements and concentrations compared among subgroups. Overall, 2663 samples were evaluated to assess the proportion of dogs showing allergen-specific IgE positivity and mean concentrations of environmental and food allergens. Among the environmental allergens, Alternaria spp. had the highest IgE prevalence, whereas Japanese cedar had the highest mean IgE concentration. Allergen-specific differences were observed among subgroups categorized by age, sex, and breed. To our knowledge, this research is the first large-scale study to analyze canine serum using a MAST assay to assess the IgE prevalence of allergen-specific IgE positivity and concentration and to examine data by age, sex, and breed. These findings provide information for diagnosis and management of canine allergies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research in Small Animal Clinical Dermatology)
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20 pages, 2442 KiB  
Article
Does Empirical Antibiotic Use Improve Outcomes in Ventilated Patients with Pandemic Viral Infection? A Multicentre Retrospective Study
by Elisabeth Papiol, Julen Berrueta, Juan Carlos Ruíz-Rodríguez, Ricard Ferrer, Sara Manrique, Laura Claverias, Alejandro García-Martínez, Pau Orts, Emili Díaz, Rafael Zaragoza, Marco Marotta, María Bodí, Sandra Trefler, Josep Gómez, Ignacio Martín-Loeches and Alejandro Rodríguez
Antibiotics 2025, 14(6), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14060594 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
Background: During the influenza A(H1N1) and COVID-19 pandemics, empirical antibiotic treatment (EAT) was widely administered to critically ill patients despite low rates of confirmed bacterial co-infection (COI). The clinical benefit of this practice remains uncertain and may contradict antimicrobial stewardship principles. Objective: To [...] Read more.
Background: During the influenza A(H1N1) and COVID-19 pandemics, empirical antibiotic treatment (EAT) was widely administered to critically ill patients despite low rates of confirmed bacterial co-infection (COI). The clinical benefit of this practice remains uncertain and may contradict antimicrobial stewardship principles. Objective: To evaluate whether EAT at ICU admission reduces ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence or ICU mortality in critically ill patients with pandemic viral pneumonia, stratified by presence of COI. Methods: This retrospective analysis combined two national multicentre ICU registries in Spain, including 4197 adult patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for influenza A(H1N1) or COVID-19 between 2009 and 2021. Primary outcomes were ICU mortality and VAP incidence. Analyses were stratified by microbiologically confirmed bacterial COI. Propensity score matching, Cox regression, General Linear (GLM), and random forest models were applied. Results: Among patients without COI (n = 3543), EAT was not associated with lower ICU mortality (OR = 1.02, 95%CI 0.81–1.28, p = 0.87) or VAP (OR = 1.02, 95%CI 0.79–1.39, p = 0.89). In patients with confirmed COI (n = 654), appropriate EAT was associated with reduced VAP (17.4% vs. 36.3%, p < 0.001) and ICU mortality (38.4% vs. 49.6%, OR = 1.89, 95%CI 1.13–3.14, p = 0.03) compared to inappropriate EAT. Conclusions: EAT was not associated with a lower incidence of VAP or higher survival rates and could be harmful if administered incorrectly. These findings support a more targeted approach to antibiotic use, guided by microbiology, biomarkers and stewardship principles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Antibiotics Use and Antimicrobial Stewardship)
8 pages, 451 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Student Mental Health: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
by Joanne Worsley, Jason McIntyre and Rhiannon Corcoran
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(6), 913; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22060913 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
Background: Although mental health among students has become a pressing public concern over recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic introduced new stressors, which may further increase the mental health burden for them. While past work has investigated links between pandemic related factors and [...] Read more.
Background: Although mental health among students has become a pressing public concern over recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic introduced new stressors, which may further increase the mental health burden for them. While past work has investigated links between pandemic related factors and student mental health and wellbeing, there is conflicting evidence around some symptoms (e.g., anxiety) and little work has focused on less common mental health conditions (e.g., eating disorders). Aims: The current study aimed to detail the prevalence of mental distress in the student population at an early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and compare university students’ mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we aimed to compare levels of depression, anxiety, and eating disorders in a large sample of students. Methods: We analysed data from a repeated cross-sectional survey on different samples of UK university students before the pandemic (n = 4812) and during the pandemic (n = 3817). Results: There were high levels of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic, with more than 50% experiencing levels above the clinical cut-offs. Findings revealed a significant increase in symptoms of depression and anxiety from pre- to mid-pandemic as well as a significant increase in the prevalence of eating disorders. Conclusions: By late 2020, mental health in the student population had deteriorated compared to pre-pandemic levels. These findings provide evidence for increased levels of depression, anxiety, and eating disorders related to the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need for better preparedness for future crises in order to mitigate the impact on student mental health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral and Mental Health)
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22 pages, 3503 KiB  
Article
Advancing Compatibility and Interfacial Interaction Between PEEK and GNPs Through a Strategic Approach Using Pyrene-Functionalized PDMAEMA-b-PMMA Copolymer
by Chae-Yun Nam, Dohyun Im, Jun-Hyung Lee, Jinwon Kim, Kie-Yong Cho and Ho-Gyu Yoon
Polymers 2025, 17(12), 1599; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17121599 (registering DOI) - 8 Jun 2025
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), known for its high heat and chemical resistance and excellent mechanical properties, is extensively utilized, particularly as a metal substitute, in the automotive industry. Although PEEK exhibits outstanding properties, enhancements are essential to improve its practical performance. In this study, we [...] Read more.
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), known for its high heat and chemical resistance and excellent mechanical properties, is extensively utilized, particularly as a metal substitute, in the automotive industry. Although PEEK exhibits outstanding properties, enhancements are essential to improve its practical performance. In this study, we aimed to improve the performance of PEEK by incorporating graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and optimizing their dispersion through non-covalent functionalization. We synthesized pyrene-functionalized poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (py-PDMAEMA-b-PMMA) as a compatibilizer of PEEK and GNPs and investigated the thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of the PEEK/GNP composites—GNPs treated with py-PDMAEMA-b-PMMA (F-GNP) and untreated GNPs (pristine GNPs, P-GNP). The F-GNP composites exhibited higher crystallinity and tensile strength than the P-GNP composites, with the best performance observed at a GNP content of 0.1 wt.%. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the enhanced tribological behavior (including a low friction coefficient and reduced abrasive wear) of the F-GNP composites. These enhancements were attributed to the improved interfacial bonding and uniform stress distribution enabled by py-PDMAEMA-b-PMMA. These findings highlight the potential of F-GNP composites to expand the application scope of PEEK to fields requiring superior mechanical performance, such as the automotive and electronics industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Chemistry)
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