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15 pages, 2257 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Deep Learning-Based Flap Detection System Using Thermographic Images in Plastic Surgery

by Răzvan Danciu, Bogdan Andrei Danciu, Luiz-Sorin Vasiu, Adelaida Avino, Claudiu Ioan Filip, Cristian-Sorin Hariga, Laura Răducu and Radu-Cristian Jecan

Appl. Syst. Innov. 2024, 7(6), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/asi7060101 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

In reconstructive surgery, flaps are the cornerstone for repairing tissue defects, but postoperative monitoring of their viability remains a challenge. Among the imagistic techniques for monitoring flaps, the thermal camera has demonstrated its value as an efficient indirect method that is easy to [...] Read more.

In reconstructive surgery, flaps are the cornerstone for repairing tissue defects, but postoperative monitoring of their viability remains a challenge. Among the imagistic techniques for monitoring flaps, the thermal camera has demonstrated its value as an efficient indirect method that is easy to use and easy to integrate into clinical practice. This provides a narrow color spectrum image that is amenable to the development of an artificial neural network in the context of current technological progress. In the present study, we introduce a novel attention-enhanced recurrent residual U-Net (AER2U-Net) model that is able to accurately segment flaps on thermographic images. This model was trained on a uniquely generated database of thermographic images obtained by monitoring 40 patients who required flap surgery. We compared the proposed AER2U-Net with several state-of-the-art neural networks used for multi-modal segmentation of medical images, all of which are based on the U-Net architecture (U-Net, R2U-Net, AttU-Net). Experimental results demonstrate that our model (AER2U-Net) achieves significantly better performance on our unique dataset compared to these existing U-Net variants, showing an accuracy of 0.87. This deep learning-based algorithm offers a non-invasive and precise method to monitor flap vitality and detect postoperative complications early, with further refinement needed to enhance its clinical applicability and effectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Healthcare Through Intelligent Clinical Decision Support Systems: Techniques, Applications, and Future Directions)

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13 pages, 10436 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization and Experimental Verification of Lower Articulation for Low-Floor Tram Using Meta-Model

by Ji-Won Jin, Jaewon Lee, Jeonghwan Choi, Haeyoung Ji and Won-Ju Hwang

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(21), 9618; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14219618 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to optimize the lower articulation of low-floor trams using a meta-model technique, followed by an experimental validation. The design variables were identified through structural analyses, and the optimization reduced the weight of the lower articulation by 20% while maintaining load-bearing [...] Read more.

This study aimed to optimize the lower articulation of low-floor trams using a meta-model technique, followed by an experimental validation. The design variables were identified through structural analyses, and the optimization reduced the weight of the lower articulation by 20% while maintaining load-bearing performance. Strain gauges were attached to failure-prone areas for structural and fatigue testing. The results of the optimized design were compared with experimental data, confirming its validity. This method effectively reduces the cost and improves the performance of tram articulation devices. This study presents an effective approach for cost reduction and performance improvement in the lower articulation of low-floor trams. Full article

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13 pages, 2415 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Heterologous Expression of Type II PKS Gene Cluster Leads to Diversified Angucyclines in Streptomyces albus J1074

by Xiaoting Zhang, Falei Zhang, Chen Li, Jiayi Li, Xiao Xu, Tianjiao Zhu, Qian Che, Deihai Li and Guojian Zhang

Mar. Drugs 2024, 22(11), 480; https://doi.org/10.3390/md22110480 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

Heterologous expression has emerged as an effective strategy in activating Streptomyces cryptic gene clusters or improving yield. Eight compounds were successfully obtained by heterologous expression of the type II PKS gene cluster spi derived from marine Streptomyces sp. HDN155000 in the chassis host [...] Read more.

Heterologous expression has emerged as an effective strategy in activating Streptomyces cryptic gene clusters or improving yield. Eight compounds were successfully obtained by heterologous expression of the type II PKS gene cluster spi derived from marine Streptomyces sp. HDN155000 in the chassis host Streptomyces albus J1074. The structures with absolute configurations were elucidated using extensive MS and NMR spectroscopic methods, as well as theoretical NMR calculations and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Interestingly, compound WS009 Z (2) contains a rare thiomethyl group, angumycinone T (4) has a novel oxo-bridge formed between C12a and C4, and angumycinone X (3) showed cytotoxicity toward K562 and NCI-H446/EP cell lines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genome Mining and Drug Discovery of Marine and Halophilic Microorganisms)

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18 pages, 516 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Online Learning from the Learning Cycle Perspective: Discovering Patterns in Recent Research

by Maria Osipenko

Information 2024, 15(11), 665; https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110665 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

We propose a method for automatically extracting new trends and best practices from the recent literature on online learning, aligned with the learning cycle perspective. Using titles and abstracts of research articles published in high ranked educational journals, we assign topic proportions to [...] Read more.

We propose a method for automatically extracting new trends and best practices from the recent literature on online learning, aligned with the learning cycle perspective. Using titles and abstracts of research articles published in high ranked educational journals, we assign topic proportions to the articles, where the topics are aligned with the components of the learning cycle: engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration, evaluation, and evolution. The topic analysis is conducted using keyword-based Latent Dirichlet allocation, and the topic keywords are chosen to reflect the nature of the learning cycle components. Our analysis reveals the time dynamics of research topics aligned on learning cycle components, component weights, and interconnections between them in the current research focus. Connections between the topics and user-defined learning elements are discovered. Concretely, we examine how effective learning elements such as virtual reality, multimedia, gamification, and problem-based learning are related to the learning cycle components in the literature. In this way, any innovative learning strategy or learning element can be placed in the landscape of the learning cycle topics. The analysis can be helpful to other researches when designing effective learning activities that address particular components of the learning cycle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Information Applications)

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Graphical abstract

11 pages, 1579 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating Chlorine Sanitization at Practical Concentrations for Controlling Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella on Fresh Peaches

by Xiaoye Shen, Mengqian Hang, Yuan Su, Jeanene Marie de Avila and Mei-Jun Zhu

Foods 2024, 13(21), 3344; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13213344 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

Recent foodborne outbreaks and recalls involving Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella-contaminated peaches have caused significant economic losses to the peach industry. This study evaluated the effectiveness of chlorine, a commonly used sanitizer in the fresh produce industry, against L. monocytogenes and Salmonella and [...] Read more.

Recent foodborne outbreaks and recalls involving Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella-contaminated peaches have caused significant economic losses to the peach industry. This study evaluated the effectiveness of chlorine, a commonly used sanitizer in the fresh produce industry, against L. monocytogenes and Salmonella and its ability to control cross-contamination in fresh peaches. Peaches inoculated with L. monocytogenes or Salmonella (~6 log₁₀ CFU/peach) were treated with 50–150 mg/L of free chlorine (FC, pH6.8) 24 h post-inoculation. The results revealed that chlorine had similar efficacy against L. monocytogenes and Salmonella on peaches (p > 0.05). A 30 s treatment at 50, 100, and 150 mg/L FC resulted in dose-dependent reductions (p < 0.05), achieving reductions of 0.88–0.92, 1.54–1.61, and 1.73–1.79 log₁₀ CFU/peach, respectively. Extending the contact time to 2 min slightly but significantly enhanced the chlorine efficacy (p < 0.05). Additionally, a 30 s to 2 min exposure to chlorine with 50–150 mg/L FC resulted in a 1.05–1.43 log₁₀ CFU/peach reduction in yeasts and molds. Tap water exposure led to substantial cross-contamination between inoculated and uninoculated fruits and processed water, with Salmonella exhibiting higher transfer rates than L. monocytogenes. The application of chlorine mitigated the cross-contamination of both pathogens but did not entirely prevent it. These findings offer valuable insights for the peach and other stone fruit industries to verify process controls. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms—Impact on Food Safety and Quality)

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17 pages, 412 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Iterative Approach to Common Fixed Points of G-Nonexpansive Mappings with Applications in Solving the Heat Equation

by Raweerote Suparatulatorn, Payakorn Saksuriya, Teeranush Suebcharoen and Khuanchanok Chaichana

Axioms 2024, 13(11), 729; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms13110729 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

This study presents an iterative method for approximating common fixed points of a finite set of G-nonexpansive mappings within a real Hilbert space with a directed graph. We establish definitions for left and right coordinate convexity and demonstrate both weak and strong [...] Read more.

This study presents an iterative method for approximating common fixed points of a finite set of G-nonexpansive mappings within a real Hilbert space with a directed graph. We establish definitions for left and right coordinate convexity and demonstrate both weak and strong convergence results based on reasonable assumptions. Furthermore, our algorithm’s effectiveness in solving the heat equation is highlighted, contributing to energy optimization and sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fixed Point Theory and Its Related Topics IV)

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13 pages, 3457 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Composition and Injection Rate Co-Optimization Method of Supercritical Multicomponent Thermal Fluid Used for Offshore Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery

by Shenyao Yang, Zhilin Qi, Jie Tian, Mingda Dong, Wei Zhang and Wende Yan

Energies 2024, 17(21), 5239; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215239 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

Supercritical multicomponent thermal fluid injection is a new technology with great potential for offshore heavy oil thermal recovery. In the process of thermal fluid generation, the reaction conditions including temperature, pressure, and the organic mass concentration in the reaction material will significantly affect [...] Read more.

Supercritical multicomponent thermal fluid injection is a new technology with great potential for offshore heavy oil thermal recovery. In the process of thermal fluid generation, the reaction conditions including temperature, pressure, and the organic mass concentration in the reaction material will significantly affect its composition and injection rate and will further affect the thermal recovery and development quality of heavy oil. However, there is a lack of relevant research on the variation rules and control methods of the composition and injection rate of supercritical multicomponent thermal fluids, resulting in a lack of technical mechanisms for effective optimization. To fill this gap, a reaction molecular dynamics simulation method was used to simulate thermal fluid generation under different temperatures, pressures, and organic mass concentrations. The changes in thermal fluid composition and yield with reaction conditions were studied, and a control model of thermal fluid composition and yield was established. The proportional relationship between the thermal fluid generation scale of an offshore heavy oil platform and the simulated thermal fluid generation scale is analyzed, and a collaborative optimization method of thermal fluid composition and injection rate in field applications is proposed. The results show the following: (1) The higher the mass concentration of organic matter, the higher the content of supercritical carbon dioxide and supercritical nitrogen in thermal fluids, and the lower the content of supercritical water. (2) The higher the temperature and pressure, the higher the thermal fluid yield, and the higher the organic mass concentration, the lower the thermal fluid yield. (3) The component fitting model conforms to the power function relationship, and the coefficient of determination R² is greater than 0.9; the yield fitting model conforms to the modified inverse linear logarithmic function relationship, the determination coefficient R² is greater than 0.8, and the fitting degree is high. (4) The ratio between the actual injection rate of thermal fluids in the mine field and the molecular simulated thermal fluid yield is the ratio of organic matter mass in the platform thermal fluid generator and organic matter mass in the simulated box. (5) Based on the composition and yield control model, combined with the simulation of the ratio relationship between yield and injection rate in the field, a collaborative optimization method of thermal fluid composition and injection rate was established. The research results can provide an effective technical method for predicting, controlling, and optimizing the composition and injection rate of supercritical multicomponent thermal fluids. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Oil, Gas and Geothermal Reservoirs: 2nd Edition)

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21 pages, 18375 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Crop Leaf Area Index Estimation via Random Forest Regression: Bayesian Optimization and Feature Selection Approach

by Jun Zhang, Jinpeng Cheng, Cuiping Liu, Qiang Wu, Shuping Xiong, Hao Yang, Shenglong Chang, Yuanyuan Fu, Mohan Yang, Shiyu Zhang, Guijun Yang and Xinming Ma

Remote Sens. 2024, 16(21), 3917; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16213917 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

The Leaf Area Index (LAI) is a crucial structural parameter linked to the photosynthetic capacity and biomass of crops. While integrating machine learning algorithms with spectral variables has improved LAI estimation over large areas, excessive input parameters can lead to data redundancy and [...] Read more.

The Leaf Area Index (LAI) is a crucial structural parameter linked to the photosynthetic capacity and biomass of crops. While integrating machine learning algorithms with spectral variables has improved LAI estimation over large areas, excessive input parameters can lead to data redundancy and reduced generalizability across different crop species. To address these challenges, we propose a novel framework based on Bayesian-Optimized Random Forest Regression (Bayes-RFR) for enhanced LAI estimation. This framework employs a tree model-based feature selection method to identify critical features, reducing redundancy and improving model interpretability. A Gaussian process serves as a prior model to optimize the hyperparameters of the Random Forest Regression. The field experiments conducted over two years on maize and wheat involved collecting LAI, hyperspectral, multispectral, and RGB data. The results indicate that the tree model-based feature selection outperformed the traditional correlation analysis and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE). The Bayes-RFR model demonstrated a superior validation accuracy compared to the standard Random Forest Regression and Pso-optimized models, with the R² values increasing by 27% for the maize hyperspectral data, 12% for the maize multispectral data, and 47% for the wheat hyperspectral data. These findings suggest that the proposed Bayes-RFR framework significantly enhances the stability and predictive capability of LAI estimation across various crop types, offering valuable insights for precision agriculture and crop monitoring. Full article

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9 pages, 6245 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mid-Infrared Emission in Ge/Ge_1-xSn_x/Ge Quantum Well Modeled Within 14-Band k.p Model

by Omar Zitouni, Nouha Mastour and Said Ridene

Electronics 2024, 13(21), 4142; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13214142 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

Band structure and gain in a Ge/Ge_1-xSn_x/Ge quantum well are described theoretically using a 14-band k.p model. It has been shown that the quantum well width and the α-Sn concentration considerably modify the conduction and valence subband structure, and, [...] Read more.

Band structure and gain in a Ge/Ge_1-xSn_x/Ge quantum well are described theoretically using a 14-band k.p model. It has been shown that the quantum well width and the α-Sn concentration considerably modify the conduction and valence subband structure, and, as a result, the optical gain changes with the insertion of a very small concentration of α-Sn. In particular, we have determined the necessary injection carrier density Nj and the critical α-Sn concentration for elevated high gain lasing. It is found that for Nj = 1.5 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³, we achieved a maximum peak gain for α-Sn concentration of the order 0.155. We can predict that Ge/Ge_1-xSn_x/Ge QWs should be manufactured with an α-Sn concentration less than 0.155 in devices for optoelectronics applications such as telecommunication and light emitting laser diodes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Modeling, Fabrication, and Characterization of Semiconductor Materials and Devices)

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25 pages, 15402 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Interplay Between Atmospheric Correction and Fusion Techniques Enhances the Quality of Remote Sensing Image Fusion

by Yang Li, Feinan Chen, Tangyu Sui, Rufang Ti, Weihua Cheng, Jin Hong and Zhenwei Qiu

Remote Sens. 2024, 16(21), 3916; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16213916 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

Remote sensing image fusion technology integrates observational data from multiple satellite platforms to leverage the complementary advantages of the different types of remote sensing images. High-quality fused remote sensing images provide detailed information on surface radiation, climate, and environmental conditions, thereby supporting governmental [...] Read more.

Remote sensing image fusion technology integrates observational data from multiple satellite platforms to leverage the complementary advantages of the different types of remote sensing images. High-quality fused remote sensing images provide detailed information on surface radiation, climate, and environmental conditions, thereby supporting governmental policies on environmental changes. Improving the quality and quantitative accuracy of fused images is a crucial trend in remote sensing image fusion research. This study investigates the impact of atmospheric correction and five widely applied fusion techniques on remote sensing image fusion. By constructing four fusion frameworks, it evaluates how the choice of fusion method, the implementation of atmospheric correction, the synchronization of atmospheric parameters, and the timing of atmospheric correction influence the outcomes of remote sensing image fusion. Aerial flights using remote sensors were conducted to acquire atmospheric parameter distribution images that are strictly synchronous with the remote sensing images. Comprehensive and systematic evaluations of the fused remote sensing images were performed. Experiments show that for the remote sensing images used, selecting the appropriate fusion method can improve the spatial detail evaluation metrics of the fused images by up to 2.739 times, with the smallest deviation from true reflectance reaching 35.02%. Incorporating synchronous atmospheric parameter distribution images can enhance the spatial detail evaluation metrics by up to 2.03 times, with the smallest deviation from true reflectance reaching 5.4%. This indicates that choosing an appropriate fusion method and performing imaging-based synchronous atmospheric correction before fusion can maximize the enhancement of spatial details and spectral quantification in fused images. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Deep Fusion of Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images)

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10 pages, 263 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Few-Shot Methods for Aspect-Level Sentiment Analysis

by Aleksander Wawer

Information 2024, 15(11), 664; https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110664 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we explore the approaches to the problem of cross-domain few-shot classification of sentiment aspects. By cross-domain few-shot, we mean a setting where the model is trained on large data in one domain (for example, hotel reviews) and is intended to [...] Read more.

In this paper, we explore the approaches to the problem of cross-domain few-shot classification of sentiment aspects. By cross-domain few-shot, we mean a setting where the model is trained on large data in one domain (for example, hotel reviews) and is intended to perform on another (for example, restaurant reviews) with only a few labelled examples in the target domain. We start with pre-trained monolingual language models. Using the Polish language dataset AspectEmo, we compare model training using standard gradient-based learning to a zero-shot approach and two dedicated few-shot methods: ProtoNet and NNShot. We find both dedicated methods much superior to both gradient learning and zero-shot setup, with a small advantage held by NNShot. Overall, we find few-shot to be a compelling alternative, achieving a surprising amount of performance compared to gradient training on full-size data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Artificial Intelligence 2024)

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13 pages, 652 KiB

Open AccessReview

Impact of Digital Innovations on Health Literacy Applied to Patients with Special Needs: A Systematic Review

by Lucilene Bustilho Cardoso, Patrícia Couto, Patrícia Correia, Pedro C. Lopes, Juliana Campos Hasse Fernandes, Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes and Nélio Jorge Veiga

Information 2024, 15(11), 663; https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110663 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

MHealth strategies have been used in various health areas, and mobile apps have been used in the context of health self-management. They can be considered an adjuvant intervention in oral health literacy, mainly for people with special health needs. Thus, the aim of [...] Read more.

MHealth strategies have been used in various health areas, and mobile apps have been used in the context of health self-management. They can be considered an adjuvant intervention in oral health literacy, mainly for people with special health needs. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the improvement of oral health literacy in patients with special needs when using digital platforms. A systematic literature review, based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, was the main research method employed in this study. A search was undertaken in PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases, according to the relevant Mesh descriptors, their synonyms, and free terms (Entry Terms). Studies published between the years 2012 and 2023 were included. Two researchers independently assessed the quality of the included studies by completing the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale questionnaire. The analysis corpus comprised 5 articles among the 402 articles selected after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria (k = 0.97). The evidence from the considered articles is consensual regarding the effectiveness of using new technologies and innovations in promoting oral health literacy in patients with special health needs. The interventions were based on using the Illustration Reinforcement Communication System, inspired by the Picture Exchange Communication System, Nintendo^® Wii™ TV, virtual reality, smartphones, with software applications to read messages sent, Audio Tactile Performance technique, and Art package. One study had a low-quality assessment, and four had a high quality. The evidence from the articles included in this systematic review is consistent regarding the effectiveness of using new technologies and innovations in promoting oral health literacy in patients with special health needs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Information Communication Technologies in the Digital Era)

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18 pages, 578 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Framework for Industry 4.0 Related Green Concept Integration of Services Component in Commercial Buildings

by Amusan Lekan, Clinton Aigbavboa, Dashe Chalya and Aigbe Fortune

Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9141; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219141 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

The effects of global warming are far-reaching and can affect and threaten every aspect of human existence. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation have mainly contributed to the emission of these greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Construction activities and practices [...] Read more.

The effects of global warming are far-reaching and can affect and threaten every aspect of human existence. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation have mainly contributed to the emission of these greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Construction activities and practices are one such human activity. Building services are the aspects of a building that ensure the occupants are comfortable and secure within the building. However, building services use resources such as energy and water to create such comfort. The 4.0 era of industry has introduced dimensions to Green Building Concepts and practices of creating structures and processes that are environmentally friendly, responsible and resource efficient. This research, therefore, seeks to develop a framework for the integration of Industry 4.0-related green concepts into services in commercial buildings. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted in this research to provide information concerning integrating green concepts into building services in commercial buildings in Nigeria. Data were collected with questionnaires from 106 built environment professionals who also use commercial buildings in the study area of Abuja. Statistical tools for frequency, percentage, mean score, relative important index (RII), independent samples t test, Mann–Whitney U test and the factor reduction method based on eigen values were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that quality indoor air conditioning is the most critical satisfaction parameter for users within commercial buildings, with an average mean score of 3.81. The aesthetic effect of installed services on the building façade and high-quality building services components was ranked high, with an average mean score of 3.33 for each. The results also indicated that the lack of relevant technology and inadequate training of service personnel hindered the growth of green building concepts in Nigeria. These factors had a mean score of 4.35 each. Professionals ranked energy efficient/saving bulbs, e.g., CFLs, remote controlled, sensored lights, natural daylight, solar photovoltaic panels and building management systems, as the most effective green components that can be incorporated into commercial buildings. These factors and others were combined to create a framework for integrating green concepts for services into commercial buildings. When the construction industry and government in Nigeria adopt this framework, it can promote more integration of green concepts into commercial building services. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Green Building Materials, Structures, and Techniques)

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14 pages, 1940 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Therapeutic Potential of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review of Anti-Inflammatory and Metabolic Effects

by Piotr K. Krajewski, Aleksandra Złotowska and Jacek C. Szepietowski

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(21), 6292; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13216292 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are synthetic peptides that mimic the natural activity of GLP-1, widely known for lowering blood glucose levels and promoting weight reduction. These characteristics make them a valuable tool in managing type 2 diabetes and obesity-related conditions. Recent [...] Read more.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are synthetic peptides that mimic the natural activity of GLP-1, widely known for lowering blood glucose levels and promoting weight reduction. These characteristics make them a valuable tool in managing type 2 diabetes and obesity-related conditions. Recent findings indicate that GLP1-RAs may also offer therapeutic benefits in managing hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a chronic inflammatory skin disorder closely associated with metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. This review explores the potential role of GLP1-RAs in managing HS. Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching electronic databases, including MEDLINE and Google Scholar, without date limitations. Key search terms included “GLP-1” or “GLP-1 agonists” combined with “hidradenitis suppurativa” or “acne inversa”. Inclusion criteria were set for studies reporting on the use of GLP1-RAs as a treatment for HS, with articles discussing theoretical applications excluded. Data synthesis included findings from 25 relevant studies. Results: The analysis revealed that GLP1-RAs, specifically liraglutide and semaglutide, led to significant reductions in weight and systemic inflammation in HS patients. Notably, improvements in lesion severity and quality of life were reported. The anti-inflammatory effects of GLP1-RAs were attributed to the suppression of key inflammatory pathways involving TNF-α, IL-17, and NF-κB. Conclusions: GLP1-RAs demonstrate significant potential as an adjunct therapy for HS, addressing both the metabolic and inflammatory aspects of the condition. While early results are promising, further research is necessary to determine their long-term efficacy in managing HS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chronic Inflammatory Skin Diseases: An Update for Clinician—Part II)

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16 pages, 954 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Big Data Insights into Coastal Tourism: Analyzing Customer Satisfaction at Egyptian Red Sea Dive Resorts

by Yinai Zhong, Angellie Williady, Narariya Dita Handani and Hak-Seon Kim

Tour. Hosp. 2024, 5(4), 996-1011; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040056 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

This research aims to explore the relationship between customer satisfaction and various extracted factors at dive resorts in the Red Sea, Egypt, utilizing a hybrid methodology of descriptive and diagnostic analytics applied to online review data. Employing techniques such as KH coder for [...] Read more.

This research aims to explore the relationship between customer satisfaction and various extracted factors at dive resorts in the Red Sea, Egypt, utilizing a hybrid methodology of descriptive and diagnostic analytics applied to online review data. Employing techniques such as KH coder for text analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and linear regression, this study systematically identifies key elements that influence customer satisfaction. Findings reveal that activities related to diving and marine life markedly enhance guest satisfaction, underscoring the critical role these aspects play in the overall appeal of Egyptian coastal tourism. Conversely, areas such as dining and amenities were identified as needing improvement. The originality of this study lies in its application of big data analytics to dissect and understand customer feedback in a sector-specific context, providing strategic insights for the sustainable advancement of coastal tourism in Egypt. By focusing on dive resorts, this research highlights their integral role in coastal tourism and offers a model for leveraging online customer reviews to enhance service quality and promote sustainable practices within the tourism industry, contributing to the overall growth and sustainability of coastal tourism. Full article

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12 pages, 334 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nursing Interventions Related to the Need for Oxygenation in Severe COVID-19 Disease in Hospitalized Adults: A Retrospective Study

by Nicolás Santiago-González, María de Lourdes García-Hernández, Patricia Cruz-Bello, Lorena Chaparro-Díaz, María de Lourdes Rico-González, Yolanda Hernández-Ortega and Jesús Santiago-Abundio

Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14(4), 3126-3137; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040227 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

COVID-19 affects the respiratory system, reducing the oxygen saturation level, leading to hypoxemia and increasing the metabolic oxygenation need. Objective: To describe the nursing interventions related to the need for oxygenation in hospitalized adults with severe COVID-19 disease in the Intensive Care Unit. [...] Read more.

COVID-19 affects the respiratory system, reducing the oxygen saturation level, leading to hypoxemia and increasing the metabolic oxygenation need. Objective: To describe the nursing interventions related to the need for oxygenation in hospitalized adults with severe COVID-19 disease in the Intensive Care Unit. Method: This was an observational, retrospective and descriptive study in a population of 2205 patients with a convenience sample of n = 430 and based on the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) and the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). The analysis was performed with a non-parametric test to determine the association between the nursing interventions and the need for oxygenation. Results: The findings are aimed at improving nursing interventions with statistical associations as follow: oxygen therapy (p < 0.000), airway suctioning (p < 0.000), airway management (p = 0.029), invasive mechanical ventilation (p < 0.000) and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (p = 0.022). NOC taxonomy expected outcomes in ventilation, 34% (146), alteration in gas exchange, 33.7% (145), and respiratory status, 558.9% (253), were severely compromised. Conclusions: The nursing interventions to maintain the respiratory status are focused on airway care and oxygen therapy in order to increase the oxygen saturation level and decrease the severity of the need for oxygenation. Full article

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10 pages, 3420 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flexible Composites with Rare-Earth Element Doped Polycrystalline Particles for Piezoelectric Nanogenerators

by Yanzhe Fan, Zihan Jia, Zhuo Zhang, Shengfei Gu, Wenya Du and Dabin Lin

Micromachines 2024, 15(11), 1280; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15111280 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

Energy harvesting plays an important role in advancing personalized wearables by enabling continuous monitoring, enhancing wearable functionality and facilitating sustainable solutions. We aimed to develop a flexible piezoelectric energy harvesting system based on inorganic piezoelectric materials that convert mechanical energy into electricity to [...] Read more.

Energy harvesting plays an important role in advancing personalized wearables by enabling continuous monitoring, enhancing wearable functionality and facilitating sustainable solutions. We aimed to develop a flexible piezoelectric energy harvesting system based on inorganic piezoelectric materials that convert mechanical energy into electricity to power a wide range of mobile and portable electronic devices. There is significant interest in flexible piezoelectric energy harvesting systems that use inorganic piezoelectric materials due to their exceptional physical features and prospective applications. Herein, we successfully demonstrated a flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) designed by the co-doped rare-earth element ceramics (RE-PMN-PT) embedded in PVDF and PDMS composite film and attained a significant output performance while avoiding electrical poling process. The impact of dielectric characteristics on the electrical output of nanogenerators was investigated, together with the structure of the composites. The Sm/La-PMN-PT particles effectively amplify both the voltage and current output, showcasing their potential to power portable and wearable devices, as demonstrated by their capacity to illuminate LEDs. The maximal output power of 2 mW was correlated with the high voltage (220 V) and current (90 µA) of Sm/La-PMN-PT/PVDF, which demonstrated that the device has the potential for energy harvesting in biomedical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section A：Physics)

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18 pages, 2036 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Chilean COVID-19 Genomics Network Biorepository: A Resource for Multi-Omics Studies of COVID-19 and Long COVID in a Latin American Population

by Iskra A. Signore, Gerardo Donoso, Pamela Bocchieri, Eduardo A. Tobar-Calfucoy, Cristian E. Yáñez, Laura Carvajal-Silva, Andrea X. Silva, Carola Otth, Claudio Cappelli, Héctor Valenzuela Jorquera, Daniela Zapata-Contreras, Yolanda Espinosa-Parrilla, Paula Zúñiga-Pacheco, Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo, Virginia A. Monardes-Ramírez, Pia Kochifas Velasquez, Christian A. Muñoz, Cristina Dorador, Jonathan García-Araya, Claudia P. Campillay-Véliz, Cesar Echeverria, Rodolfo Alejandro Santander, Leslie C. Cerpa, Matías F. Martínez, Luis Abel Quiñones, Eduardo Roberto Lamoza Galleguillos, Juan Saez Hidalgo, Estefanía Nova-Lamperti, Sergio Sanhueza, Annesi Giacaman, Gerardo Acosta-Jamett, Cristóbal Verdugo, Anita Plaza, Claudio Verdugo, Carolina Selman, Ricardo Alejandro Verdugo and Alicia Colombo Show full author list Hide full author list

Genes 2024, 15(11), 1352; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15111352 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

Although a lack of diversity in genetic studies is an acknowledged obstacle for personalized medicine and precision public health, Latin American populations remain particularly understudied despite their heterogeneity and mixed ancestry. This gap extends to COVID-19 despite its variability in susceptibility and clinical [...] Read more.

Although a lack of diversity in genetic studies is an acknowledged obstacle for personalized medicine and precision public health, Latin American populations remain particularly understudied despite their heterogeneity and mixed ancestry. This gap extends to COVID-19 despite its variability in susceptibility and clinical course, where ethnic background appears to influence disease severity, with non-Europeans facing higher hospitalization rates. In addition, access to high-quality samples and data is a critical issue for personalized and precision medicine, and it has become clear that the solution lies in biobanks. The creation of the Chilean COVID-19 Biorepository reported here addresses these gaps, representing the first nationwide multicentric Chilean initiative. It operates under rigorous biobanking standards and serves as one of South America’s largest COVID cohorts. A centralized harmonization strategy was chosen and included unified standard operating procedures, a sampling coding system, and biobanking staff training. Adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection provided broad informed consent. Samples were collected to preserve blood, plasma, buffy coat, and DNA. Quality controls included adherence to the standard preanalytical code, incident reporting, and DNA concentration and absorbance ratio 260/280 assessments. Detailed sociodemographic, health, medication, and preexisting condition data were gathered. In five months, 2262 participants were enrolled, pseudonymized, and sorted by disease severity. The average Amerindian ancestry considering all participant was 44.0% [SD 15.5%], and this value increased to 61.2% [SD 19.5%] among those who self-identified as Native South Americans. Notably, 279 participants self-identified with one of 12 ethnic groups. High compliance (>90%) in all assessed quality controls was achieved. Looking ahead, our team founded the COVID-19 Genomics Network (C19-GenoNet) focused on identifying genetic factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 outcomes. In conclusion, this bottom-up collaborative effort aims to promote the integration of Latin American populations into global genetic research and welcomes collaborations supporting this endeavor. Interested parties are invited to explore collaboration opportunities through our catalog, accessible online. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Medicine and Genetics)

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9 pages, 228 KiB

Open AccessReview

Exploring the Link Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adolescent Dating Violence Perpetration and Victimization: A Review of the Literature

by Katie N. Russell, Laura A. Voith and Ashley S. Withrow

Youth 2024, 4(4), 1505-1513; https://doi.org/10.3390/youth4040096 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked with multiple adverse outcomes, including adolescent dating violence (ADV). ADV is a serious public health issue, with the U.S. rates ranging from 6.4% to 73% for victimization across all types and from 11% [...] Read more.

Background and Purpose: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked with multiple adverse outcomes, including adolescent dating violence (ADV). ADV is a serious public health issue, with the U.S. rates ranging from 6.4% to 73% for victimization across all types and from 11% to 77% for perpetration. Given the high prevalence of ADV and the fact that it has been frequently linked with ACEs earlier in life, it is crucial to thoroughly understand this relation and apply this information to prevention and intervention efforts. However, to date, there are no known reviews synthesizing the link between ACEs and ADV, nor exploring which ACEs have been included across other studies. Methods: To address these gaps, this study included three comprehensive searches to identify the following: (1) the measurement tools used to measure ACEs; (2) the type of ACEs significantly linked with ADV; and (3) the risk and protective factors considered in this relation. Results: A total of 34 studies were included. There were 24 different assessment tools used to measure the ACEs of adolescents, with the number of ACEs included ranging from 1 to 93. All but one study linked at least one ACE to ADV. The types of ACEs linked with ADV consisted of victimization (e.g., child abuse and bullying), witnessing violence (i.e., home and school), and household dysfunction (e.g., caregiver substance abuse). Several risk and protective factors were considered. Conclusions/Implications: This study found the measurement of ACEs in the literature to be inconsistent, making it difficult to synthesize and compare the findings across studies. Despite the measurement inconsistencies, however, most studies linked ACEs with ADV, emphasizing the importance of considering this relation in prevention/intervention programming. Full article

15 pages, 451 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Voluntary Participation Mediates the Relationship Between Multi-Membership in Online Communities and Life Satisfaction Among Chinese Populations: A Gendered Perspective

by Xiaorui Huang and Mingqi Fu

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 976; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14110976 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

Whether and how multi-membership in online communities might relate to life satisfaction within the Chinese population remain unclear. This study adopts a gendered perspective to explore the mediating role of voluntary participation in the relationship mentioned above based on a cross-sectional analysis of [...] Read more.

Whether and how multi-membership in online communities might relate to life satisfaction within the Chinese population remain unclear. This study adopts a gendered perspective to explore the mediating role of voluntary participation in the relationship mentioned above based on a cross-sectional analysis of 2558 respondents from the 2019 Chinese Social Survey (CSS). Multivariable regressions and a mediation analysis were adopted for analyses. The findings reveal that a higher level of multi-membership in online communities is associated with greater life satisfaction for both males (B = 0.31, SE = 0.11) and females (B = 0.10, SE = 0.02). Specifically, the positive relationship is partially mediated (6.6%) by increased voluntary participation among females, where involvement in multiple types of online communities correlates with a heightened likelihood of engaging in voluntary activities (B = 0.006, Z = 3.910), which in turn contributes to higher levels of life satisfaction (B = 0.114, Z = 2.760). However, voluntary participation does not exhibit a significant mediating role in the relationship between multi-membership and life satisfaction among males. These findings provide valuable insights into the intricate ways in which online interactions can affect voluntary participation and life satisfaction, underscoring the importance of considering gender differences in these dynamics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health Behaviors in the New Media Era)

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11 pages, 1312 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Isometric Exercise Position on the Effectiveness of Isolated Work of the Thigh Flexor Muscles Based on the Results of the sEMG Study

by Joanna Zyznawska, Grzegorz Frankowski, Ewa Wodka-Natkaniec and Joanna Skoczek

Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(6), 2217-2227; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14060174 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

Backgroud: The main function of the hamstring muscles is to bend the knee joint and support the function of the hip extensors. Their frequent injuries are the result of overload related to, among others, dynamic running or jumping, and inadequate preparation for athletics [...] Read more.

Backgroud: The main function of the hamstring muscles is to bend the knee joint and support the function of the hip extensors. Their frequent injuries are the result of overload related to, among others, dynamic running or jumping, and inadequate preparation for athletics activities. The asymmetry of the work of individual flexor muscle groups is clearly marked in the case of valgus or varus of the knee joint, i.e., in different positions of the lower limb. The aim of the study was to determine the position and form of a rehabilitation exercise in which an isolated group of muscles flexing the knee joint will show the greatest bioelectrical activity. Methods: The study involved 25 students of the Jagiellonian University Medical College. The students were aged 20–26. The average age was 22.9 (±1.4). The study participants included 17 women with an average age of 23.0 (±1.1) and 8 men with an average age of 22.6 (±1.9). Women constituted 68% and men 32% of all respondents. All participants agreed to participate in the study. Surface electromyography measurements in both lower limbs provided an initial number of 50 cases. The activity of the knee flexor muscles during isometric contraction with resistance was measured in correlation with three foot and lower leg settings: internal rotation, neutral position, and external rotation. The bioelectrical activity of the semitendinosus muscle is significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the internal rotation position than in the neutral position of the lower leg, while the bioelectrical activity of the biceps femoris muscle is inversely higher (p < 0.01) in the external rotation position than in the neutral position. Results: The results are significant for both average and maximum values of muscle stimulation. During isometric contraction with resistance, the semitendinosus muscle shows the greatest bioelectrical activity in the internal rotation position of the lower leg and foot, and the biceps femoris muscle in the external rotation position of the lower leg and foot. Conclusions: The above information has important implicational applications when improving isolated groups of hamstrings. In the future, this may contribute to more effective rehabilitation of patients with injuries of the muscles described in the article. Full article

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11 pages, 1575 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Predictive Value of Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value for Saphenous Vein Graft Disease in Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients

by Faruk Serhatlioglu, Zeki Cetinkaya and Yucel Yilmaz

J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(11), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11110337 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains the gold standard treatment for patients with significant coronary artery disease (CAD) and high-risk profiles for percutaneous coronary intervention. Despite the frequent use of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) in CABG, their patency rates are lower than [...] Read more.

Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains the gold standard treatment for patients with significant coronary artery disease (CAD) and high-risk profiles for percutaneous coronary intervention. Despite the frequent use of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) in CABG, their patency rates are lower than those of arterial grafts. Identifying noninvasive methods to determine SVG patency is crucial. Aims: This study investigates the relationship between a novel inflammation marker, pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), and SVG patency in post-CABG patients. Methods: The study included 507 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) due to clinical indications between 2016 and 2023. Patients who had undergone CABG at least one year prior with at least one SGV used were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of SVG stenosis (SGVS). Results: Among the 507 patients, 244 had SVGS. Patients with SVGS exhibited higher levels of diabetes mellitus and inflammatory markers such as NLR, SII, CAR, and PIV. Multivariate analysis identified PIV as an independent predictor of SVGS. ROC analysis showed that a PIV cut-off value > 315.5 predicted SVGS with 75.8% sensitivity and 68.6% specificity. Conclusions: PIV, a simple and easily measurable marker, demonstrated strong predictive value for SVGS in post-CABG patients. Full article

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15 pages, 1381 KiB

Open AccessReview

Therapeutic Potential of Bee and Wasp Venom in Anti-Arthritic Treatment: A Review

by Hongmei Sun, Yunxia Qu, Xiaojing Lei, Qingzhu Xu, Siming Li, Zhengmei Shi, Huai Xiao, Chenggui Zhang and Zhibin Yang

Toxins 2024, 16(11), 452; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16110452 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

Arthritis has a high global prevalence. During the early ancient human era, bee (Apis) venom therapy was employed in Egypt, Greece, and China to alleviate ailments such as arthritis and neuralgia. In addition, bee venom has long been used as a [...] Read more.

Arthritis has a high global prevalence. During the early ancient human era, bee (Apis) venom therapy was employed in Egypt, Greece, and China to alleviate ailments such as arthritis and neuralgia. In addition, bee venom has long been used as a traditional medicine for immune-related diseases in Korea. Wasp (Vespa) venom is a folk medicine of the Jingpo people in Yunnan, China, and has been widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. In spite of this, the underlying mechanisms of bee and wasp venoms for the treatment of arthritis are yet to be fully understood. In recent years, researchers have investigated the potential anti-arthritic properties of bee and wasp venoms. Studies have shown that both bee and wasp venom can improve swelling, pain, and inflammation caused by arthritis. The difference is that bee venom reduces arthritis damage to bone and cartilage by inhibiting the IRAK2/TAK1/NF-κB signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and JAK/STAT signaling pathway, as well as decreasing osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the RANKL/RANK signaling pathway. Wasp venom, on the other hand, regulates synovial cell apoptosis via the Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway, inhibits the JAK/STAT signaling pathway to reduce inflammation production, and also ameliorates joint inflammation by regulating redox balance and iron death in synovial cells. This review provides a detailed overview of the various types of arthritis and their current therapeutic approaches; additionally, it comprehensively analyzes the therapeutic properties of bee venom, wasp venom, or venom components used as anti-arthritic drugs and explores their mechanisms of action in anti-arthritic therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Animal Venoms to Solutions: In Honor of Professor Lourival D. Possani on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday)

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15 pages, 8188 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Safety of Aero-Engine Oil Pipe under Heating Conditions Based on Fluid–Solid Thermal Coupling

by Yuepeng Yang, Fang Wang, Fang Wen and Jie Jin

Materials 2024, 17(21), 5137; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17215137 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2024

Abstract

This paper examines the safety of aero-engine pipelines under different heating conditions. Based on the fire test standard documents, a model of an aero-engine oil pipe was constructed, and its safety under heating conditions that meet the standard was analyzed using fluid–solid thermal [...] Read more.

This paper examines the safety of aero-engine pipelines under different heating conditions. Based on the fire test standard documents, a model of an aero-engine oil pipe was constructed, and its safety under heating conditions that meet the standard was analyzed using fluid–solid thermal coupling. The pipe material was stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti, and the oil inside the pipeline was China RP-3 kerosene. To simulate the different working conditions or pump failure scenarios, various kerosene inlet flow rates were used for the calculations. The results indicate that the pipe wall exhibits an uneven temperature distribution under standard heating conditions. As the kerosene flow rate decreases, the pipe wall temperature rises, and heat transfer deterioration occurs. The increase in the pipe wall temperature reduces the material’s strength, while the uneven temperature distribution generates thermal stress, further increasing the safety risk. When the kerosene flow rate is reduced to a certain level, the equivalent stress in the pipe wall exceeds the material’s yield strength, leading to a high risk of rupture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Finite Element Analysis and Fracture Control in Steels and Non-ferrous Alloys)

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