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14 pages, 2227 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating the Performance of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for the Detection of Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms on Stainless Steel Surfaces

by Carmen Pilar Garrido-Pérez, Marta López-Cabo and Alejandro Garrido-Maestu

Pathogens 2026, 15(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15010049 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

L. monocytogenes is the causative agent of human listeriosis, a deadly disease with fatality rates up to 20%. L. monocytogenes has the ability to grow under harsh environmental conditions. It can form biofilms in food industries, making it capable of persisting in facilities. [...] Read more.

L. monocytogenes is the causative agent of human listeriosis, a deadly disease with fatality rates up to 20%. L. monocytogenes has the ability to grow under harsh environmental conditions. It can form biofilms in food industries, making it capable of persisting in facilities. Given this scenario, it is of utmost importance to rapidly detect this bacterium not only in foods but also on food-contact surfaces. For the successful outcome of any given detection technology, it is imperative to properly process the samples. In the present work, PBS, LPT, and LPT-Pronase were compared to determine which one could provide better results in DNA-based detection. Additionally, the effect of a short TSB pre-enrichment was assessed. To better mimic a real scenario, L. monocytogenes monospecies and multispecies biofilms were analyzed. It was observed that supplementing LPT with pronase, a protein-degrading enzyme, could better detach the biofilm, which achieved a 0.5 cycle reduction compared to the other broths, and the pre-enrichment reduced the real-time PCR by ~2 cycles. The samples were analyzed by real-time PCR and colorimetric LAMP, and the same results were obtained with both techniques regardless of the concentration of L. monocytogenes present in the biofilm; the initial concentration was 1.8 log CFU/cm² 15 min after the pre-enrichment. The results were confirmed by real-time PCR, which demonstrated the applicability of the methodology to be applied in decentralized setups, such as food-processing facilities, with minimal laboratory infrastructure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Immunopathogenesis and Control of Bacterial Infections)

17 pages, 2690 KB

Open AccessArticle

Academic Libraries as Partners in Data Literacy Education—An Explorative Case Study

by Simone Fühles-Ubach, Elisabeth Kaliva and Martina Echtenbruck

Publications 2026, 14(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/publications14010003 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

The concept of the ‘teaching library’, which originated in the Anglo-American world, describes all activities of libraries in the field of promoting information, media, and data literacy, as well as other skills in dealing with analog and digital media. Although data literacy is [...] Read more.

The concept of the ‘teaching library’, which originated in the Anglo-American world, describes all activities of libraries in the field of promoting information, media, and data literacy, as well as other skills in dealing with analog and digital media. Although data literacy is explicitly mentioned in this definition, many training courses in academic libraries seem to focus more on promoting library use, information, and media literacy. Given that the creation of data management plans, along with the indexing, storage, and reuse of research data, have become standard elements of the research process, this article discusses the growing importance of academic libraries in teaching data literacy. It presents a modular course framework, developed in exchange with the university library, as a reusable model for data literacy education. The primary objective is to introduce this framework and illustrate its application; preliminary, exploratory insights from a self-assessment survey are provided to support this presentation. The limited participant count in the pre- and post-evaluations restricts the statistical generalizability of the findings but provides a solid empirical impression of the effectiveness of the course format. Results indicate substantial learning progress in fields where academic libraries have proven expertise. The main conclusion is that such library-integrated interdisciplinary courses provide a valuable framework for data literacy education and highlight strategic areas for library involvement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Academic Libraries in Supporting Research)

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24 pages, 1119 KB

Open AccessReview

SLC35 Transporters: The Missing Link Between Glycosylation and Type 2 Diabetes

by Xu Zhang, Hafiza Mahreen Mehwish and Pulin Che

Diabetology 2026, 7(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology7010007 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) affects hundreds of millions worldwide, with recent estimates indicating approximately 589 million adults living with diabetes, most with type 2 disease. Beyond classical insulin signaling pathways, increasing evidence implicates altered protein glycosylation in metabolic dysfunction. The solute carrier [...] Read more.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) affects hundreds of millions worldwide, with recent estimates indicating approximately 589 million adults living with diabetes, most with type 2 disease. Beyond classical insulin signaling pathways, increasing evidence implicates altered protein glycosylation in metabolic dysfunction. The solute carrier 35 (SLC35) family of nucleotide sugar transporters mediates the import of activated sugars into the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi lumen, thereby influencing global glycosylation patterns. Dysregulation of these transporters can perturb glucose homeostasis, insulin responsiveness, and nutrient-sensing pathways through changes in glycosylation flux. In this review, we dissect the molecular mechanisms by which these transporters modulate glucose homeostasis, insulin signaling pathways, protein O-GlcN acylation, and broader glycosylation processes. We integrate findings from human genetic studies, rodent models, and in vitro functional analyses to characterize how altered SLC35 activity is associated with T2D and metabolic syndrome. Four members demonstrate particularly compelling evidence: SLC35B4 modulates hepatic glucose metabolism, SLC35D3 mutations impair dopaminergic signaling and energy balance, and SLC35F3 variants interact with high-carbohydrate intake to increase metabolic-syndrome risk. SLC35A3, though less studied, may influence glycosylation-dependent insulin signaling through its role in N-glycan biosynthesis. Beyond these characterized transporters, this review identifies potential metabolic roles for understudied family members, suggesting broader implications across the entire SLC35 family. We also discuss how such alterations can lead to disrupted hexosamine flux, impaired glycoprotein processing, aberrant cellular signaling, and micronutrient imbalances. Finally, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting SLC35 transporters, outlining both opportunities and challenges in translating these insights into novel T2D treatments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives on Diabetes and Stroke Research)

14 pages, 615 KB

Open AccessArticle

Beyond Addiction: Burden of Polypharmacy and Risk in Frail Patients with Substance Use Disorder

by L. Goretti Santiago Gutiérrez, Daida Alberto Armas, Verónica Hernández García, Juan Ramón Santana Ayala, Roberto García Sánchez, Soraya Paz Montelongo, Ángel J. Gutiérrez, Arturo Hardisson de la Torre and Carmen Rubio Armendáriz

Pharmacy 2026, 14(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy14010004 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic and clinically complex condition, frequently complicated by significant organic and psychiatric comorbidities. Most patients are polymedicated and require opioid substitution programs (OSPs). This complexity is further exacerbated by drug–drug interactions, therapeutic duplication, and fragmentation of the [...] Read more.

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic and clinically complex condition, frequently complicated by significant organic and psychiatric comorbidities. Most patients are polymedicated and require opioid substitution programs (OSPs). This complexity is further exacerbated by drug–drug interactions, therapeutic duplication, and fragmentation of the healthcare system. This retrospective observational study analyses the prevalence of polypharmacy and associated pharmacotherapeutic risks in a cohort of 1050 patients with SUD treated at Drug Care Units (DCUs) in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). Prescriptions were dominated by methadone (62%), antidepressants, and antipsychotics, often in combination with benzodiazepines. Significant polypharmacy (>10 active prescriptions) was observed in 2.3% of patients, while 8.1% received 6–10 medications and 37.2% were using 2–5 medications. Women showed a higher pharmacological burden, with 3.5% experiencing significant polypharmacy (>10 different prescriptions) compared with 1.1% of men. Overall, 31% of patients received antidepressants, 31% were treated with antipsychotics—frequently with concurrent use of multiple agents—and 6.4% received opioids outside the OSP. Therapeutic duplication was observed in 15.6% of patients for psycholeptics, 14.2% for psychoanaleptics, and 3.2% for antiepileptics. Additionally, 25.2% of patients reported self-medication, predominantly with benzodiazepines. These findings underscore the need for integrated pharmaceutical care programs incorporating individualized therapeutic review and deprescribing strategies to enhance the safety and efficacy of SUD treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacy Practice and Practice-Based Research)

8 pages, 2018 KB

Open AccessData Descriptor

A Georeferenced Field Dataset of Forest Cover Density and Composition for Vegetation Classification and Monitoring

by Lucio Di Cosmo, Patrizia Gasparini, Antonio Floris, Maria Rizzo, Hannes Markart and Marco Pietrogiovanna

Data 2026, 11(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/data11010005 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services, and their importance in supporting human well-being is widely recognized. As goods and benefits from forests are exhaustible, it is therefore essential to gather sound data for their monitoring and management. Remote sensing has gained [...] Read more.

Forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services, and their importance in supporting human well-being is widely recognized. As goods and benefits from forests are exhaustible, it is therefore essential to gather sound data for their monitoring and management. Remote sensing has gained increasing importance in collecting data on forests, driven by the growing demand for regularly updated environmental data. However, remote sensing modeling of vegetation requires reference data to be collected in the field. This article presents a dataset on tree crown cover—both total and by species—of 528 georeferenced forest plots located in the Eastern Alps, Italy, an area affected by extensive wind and snow damage and subsequent widespread damage caused by bark beetles. The characteristic species of the forest types in the dataset are widely distributed over the Eurasian continent, making the dataset potentially useful to many users and researchers studying forest biodiversity or remote sensing applications to monitor forest cover changes. Data were collected within a still ongoing project aimed at detecting crown cover changes in small forest patches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Applications of Artificial Intelligence Models and Spatiotemporal Data in Agriculture and the Ecological Environment)

15 pages, 2428 KB

Open AccessArticle

Electron Scattering Properties in Dense Quantum Plasma of Neon

by Erik O. Shalenov, Yerkhan A. Tashkenbayev, Yeldos S. Seitkozhanov and Karlygash N. Dzhumagulova

Physics 2026, 8(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics8010005 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

We present the effective optical potential describing the interaction between an electron and a neon atom in a dense plasma. This potential accounts not only for the screening effect but also for the quantum non-locality and electronic correlation effects, which lead to an [...] Read more.

We present the effective optical potential describing the interaction between an electron and a neon atom in a dense plasma. This potential accounts not only for the screening effect but also for the quantum non-locality and electronic correlation effects, which lead to an increase in the interaction energy between the electron and the neon atom. Within this framework, differential and momentum transport cross-sections for elastic electron–neon scattering are determined. The obtained results are compared with the available experimental data and theoretical predictions, showing exceptionally good agreement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Atomic Physics)

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14 pages, 609 KB

Open AccessArticle

Genomic Variation and GWAS Analysis for Salt Tolerance Discovered in Egyptian Rice Germplasm

by Yueying Wang, Faming Yu, Sirinthorn Kongpraphrut, Congcong Liu, Muhammad Asad Ullah Asad, Salma Kelany, Mengrui Sun, Yuxuan Wang, Yang Lv, Galal Anis, Mohamed Hazman, Qian Qian, Yuexing Wang and Longbiao Guo

Plants 2026, 15(1), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010128 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Egyptian rice landraces represent a unique genetic reservoir shaped by arid environments, yet their genomic and transcriptional response to salt stress remains largely unexplored. Here, we integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and population genetic analyses to systematically unravel the mechanisms of salt tolerance in this [...] Read more.

Egyptian rice landraces represent a unique genetic reservoir shaped by arid environments, yet their genomic and transcriptional response to salt stress remains largely unexplored. Here, we integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and population genetic analyses to systematically unravel the mechanisms of salt tolerance in this vital germplasm. Resequencing 56 Egyptian accessions uncovered a treasure trove of genetic variation, including 18,204 novel SNPs. An expanded GWAS on 258 accessions discovered 17 novel loci for salt tolerance. Parallel RNA-Seq analysis of a salt-tolerant-susceptible pair (Giza 176 vs. 9311) under stress delineated a defense network centered on phenylpropanoid and lipid metabolic pathways in the tolerant genotype. The power of our integrated approach was exemplified by the convergent identification of ONAC063, where GWAS loci, transcriptional responsiveness, and haplotype-phenotype association collectively validated its role. Furthermore, selection sweep analysis highlighted 62 candidate genes under divergent selection. Our study not only positions Egyptian rice as a key resource for allele mining but also establishes a robust multi-omics pipeline for bridging genetic diversity with complex traits, accelerating the discovery of functional genes for breeding climate-resilient crops. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Plant Genetics and Genomics)

19 pages, 5120 KB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Multi-Layer Optimal Injection Model of CO₂-Containing Natural Gas with Minimum Wellhead Gas Injection Pressure and Layered Gas Distribution Volume Requirements as Optimization Goals

by Biao Wang, Yingwen Ma, Yuchen Ji, Jifei Yu, Xingquan Zhang, Ruiquan Liao, Wei Luo and Jihan Wang

Processes 2026, 14(1), 151; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14010151 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

The separate-layer gas injection technology is a key means to improve the effect of refined gas injection development. Currently, the measurement and adjustment of separate injection wells primarily rely on manual experience and automatic measurement via instrument traversal, resulting in a long duration, [...] Read more.

The separate-layer gas injection technology is a key means to improve the effect of refined gas injection development. Currently, the measurement and adjustment of separate injection wells primarily rely on manual experience and automatic measurement via instrument traversal, resulting in a long duration, low efficiency, and low qualification rate for injection allocation across multi-layer intervals. Given the different CO₂-containing natural gas injection rates across different intervals, this paper establishes a coupled flow model of a separate-layer gas injection wellbore–gas distributor–formation based on the energy and mass conservation equations for wellbore pipe flow, and develops a solution method for determining gas nozzle sizes across multi-layer intervals. Based on the maximum allowable gas nozzle size, an optimization method for multi-layer collaborative allocation of separate injection wells is established, with minimum wellhead injection pressure and layered injection allocation as the optimization objectives, and the opening of gas distributors for each layer as the optimization variable. Taking Well XXX as an example, the optimization process of allocation schemes under different gas allocation requirements is simulated. The research shows that the model and method proposed in this paper have high calculation accuracy, and the formulated allocation schemes have strong adaptability and minor injection allocation errors, providing a scientific decision-making method for formulating refined allocation schemes for separate-layer gas injection wells, with significant theoretical and practical value for promoting the refined development of oilfields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Petroleum and Low-Carbon Energy Process Engineering)

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30 pages, 2051 KB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Impact and Mechanism of Cultivated Land Transfer on Grain Green Total Factor Productivity in China

by Pan Zhang, Jiayi Zhang, Suxin Hu, Changjiang Ma, Shasha Lu and Xiankang Li

Sustainability 2026, 18(1), 441; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18010441 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Exploring the impact of cultivated land transfer on grain green total factor productivity is of great significance in promoting efficient and low-carbon utilization of arable land and green and high-quality development of grain production in China. Based on the panel data of 30 [...] Read more.

Exploring the impact of cultivated land transfer on grain green total factor productivity is of great significance in promoting efficient and low-carbon utilization of arable land and green and high-quality development of grain production in China. Based on the panel data of 30 provincial-level administrative regions in China from 2006 to 2022, this study employed the EBM model, Tobit model and mediation effect model to measure grain green total factor productivity across provinces, analyze its spatiotemporal evolution trends, and explore the influence and mechanisms of cultivated land transfer on the grain green total factor productivity. The findings revealed that: (i) The overall level of China’s grain green total factor productivity was relatively low, though it exhibited some improvement and regional differences during the sample period, with the highest level in grain-producing areas, followed by production-marketing balance areas, and the lowest level in grain-marketing areas. (ii) Cultivated land transfer had a significant positive impact on grain green total factor productivity. However, an excessively large scale of transferred cultivated land may also inhibit efficiency improvements. (iii) The impact of cultivated land transfer on grain green total factor productivity showed notable regional heterogeneity. In terms of coefficient magnitude, the impact was greater in production-marketing balance areas than in grain-producing areas, while it was not significant in major grain-marketing areas. The effect was stronger in the western region compared to the eastern and central regions. (iv) Cultivated land transfer could improve grain green total factor productivity through large-scale management of cultivated land, large-scale management of services and green production technology. Further analysis indicated a synergistic interaction between scale management and technological progress in green production within these pathways. To enhance grain green total factor productivity, it is essential to implement region-specific policies for cultivated land transfer and scale operations that account for local geographical and agricultural conditions. Specifically, policymakers should facilitate the integration of land scale management with service scale operation, while simultaneously promoting the coordinated advancement of scale operation and green production technology. Full article

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16 pages, 17041 KB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Sound Recognition of Long-Distance UAV Based on Harmonic Features

by Kuangang Fan, Wenjie Pan, Jilong Zhong, Zhiyu Zeng and Wenzheng Chen

Drones 2026, 10(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/drones10010025 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

With the extensive application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in both military and civilian domains, the significance of UAV identification technology has become increasingly prominent. Among various recognition methods, voice recognition has garnered considerable attention due to its advantages of low cost and [...] Read more.

With the extensive application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in both military and civilian domains, the significance of UAV identification technology has become increasingly prominent. Among various recognition methods, voice recognition has garnered considerable attention due to its advantages of low cost and easy deployment. However, most existing research primarily focuses on isolating UAV sounds from noise signals in complex environments, with limited studies on long-distance UAV sound recognition. Based on this, this paper proposes a frequency domain feature extraction method based on harmonic features. By analyzing the harmonic features of UAV sounds, we select stable parameters with strong robustness against interference capabilities as the main features to minimize information redundancy and feature fluctuation. The experimental results indicate that this method achieves a recognition accuracy of 78.03% for the DJI Phantom 4 Pro V2.0 UAV at a distance of 120 m. To validate the proposed method, comprehensive comparisons against traditional MFCC, Log-Mel Spectrogram, and modern Raw Waveform CNN (M5) baselines demonstrate the superior robustness of the proposed approach. While these comparative methods exhibited significant performance drops in challenging long-distance scenarios (e.g., accuracies falling below 24% for the DJI Mavic Pro), the proposed method maintained consistent identification capabilities, validating its effectiveness in low-signal environments. Full article

9 pages, 501 KB

Open AccessCommunication

Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Experience in the Management of Culture-Positive Mucormycosis: Observation from a Large Healthcare System

by Maryam Naveed, Tirdad T. Zangeneh, Nathan P. Wiederhold, William Lainhart and Mohanad M. Al-Obaidi

J. Fungi 2026, 12(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12010034 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background: Mucormycosis, an invasive fungal infection with high morbidity and mortality rates, requires prompt surgical and antifungal therapies; however, the role of antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) in clinical management of mucormycosis remains underexplored. We aimed to describe the experience of using AFST in [...] Read more.

Background: Mucormycosis, an invasive fungal infection with high morbidity and mortality rates, requires prompt surgical and antifungal therapies; however, the role of antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) in clinical management of mucormycosis remains underexplored. We aimed to describe the experience of using AFST in the clinical management of mucormycosis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study from 1 October 2017 to 8 February 2023. We included non-pregnant patients aged ≥ 18 years old with a positive culture for Mucorales and with proven or probable mucormycosis. We collected clinical and microbiological data using a chart review. Results: Over the study period, a total of 119 patients were included, with 36 (30%) undergoing AFST. Of all patients, the median age was 54 years, with 80 (67%) being White and not Hispanic and 73 (61%) being male. Fifty-three (45%) patients had DM, 27 (23%) had hematological malignancy, 15 (13%) had SOT, and 23 (19%) had COVID-19. Half of the cases met the criteria of proven invasive mucormycosis, with pulmonary involvement being the most common presentation (46, 39%), followed by rhino-cerebral-orbital involvement (35, 29%). The majority of Mucorales isolates were Rhizopus species (79, 66%). Among the 36 who underwent AFST, posaconazole minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were lower than isavuconazole (range 0.03 to 2 µg/mL versus 0.1 to 16 µg/mL, respectively). AFST resulted in a change in antifungal therapy from isavuconazole to posaconazole in 3/36 (8%) cases. There was no statistically significant difference in the mortality between the patients whose isolates received AFST versus those who did not have AFST performed. Conclusions: AFST led to a change in antifungal therapy in a minority of mucormycosis cases. Further studies to understand the epidemiological range of antifungal MICs and the effect of AFST-informed antifungal therapy are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host–Fungal Interplay: Virulence, Immunity, Antifungal Resistance, and Therapeutic Strategies)

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25 pages, 349 KB

Open AccessReview

Role of Biological Control in Management of Invasive Exotic Arthropod Pests and Weeds in India

by Rangaswamy Muniappan, Kesavan Subaharan, Krishnan Selvaraj, Muthusamy Sampathkumar and Satya Nand Sushil

Insects 2026, 17(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17010061 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Classical biological control of exotic invasive weeds first took place in India in 1795. Thus far, a total of 174 natural enemies have been imported into India, and out of these, 77 have established themselves in the field. Twelve exotic insect pests and [...] Read more.

Classical biological control of exotic invasive weeds first took place in India in 1795. Thus far, a total of 174 natural enemies have been imported into India, and out of these, 77 have established themselves in the field. Twelve exotic insect pests and four weeds were successfully controlled with a combination of classical, augmentative, and conservation biological control. Additionally, eight insect pests and one weed were substantially controlled. Augmentative biological control has been adopted as per the needs and availability of resources. Conservation biological control is ubiquitous and has been facilitated by the adoption of integrated pest management. In the past, biological control activities were sporadic; however, since 1977, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research—National Bureau for Agricultural Insect Resources has been regularly implementing classical biological control of invasive agricultural insect pests of economic importance. Unfortunately, the importance given to invasive weeds and insect pests of natural resources has fallen behind in recent years. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Insect Pest and Vector Management)

23 pages, 325 KB

Open AccessArticle

Perceptions of Gender Nonconformity, Internalized Stigma, and Embodiment in a Sample of Self-Identified Transgender Individuals

by Julie L. Nagoshi, Rosalind Evans, Craig T. Nagoshi, Vijayan K. Pillai and Heather K. Terrell

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010022 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

This study examines how societal heteronormative norms influence interactions involving transgender individuals, offering insights into identity formation and mental health. Understanding how societal heteronormative norms shape interactions involving transgender individuals is crucial to the attainment of public health goals related to addressing societal [...] Read more.

This study examines how societal heteronormative norms influence interactions involving transgender individuals, offering insights into identity formation and mental health. Understanding how societal heteronormative norms shape interactions involving transgender individuals is crucial to the attainment of public health goals related to addressing societal barriers, such as stigma, and promoting mental health. Interviews were conducted at a university in the Southwest United States with 11 self-identified transgender individuals, focusing on three main questions: How do you feel when you interact with someone who does not conform to heteronormative gender roles? When you meet somebody who doesn’t conform to heteronormative gender roles does that cause you to question your own gender identity. Does your body have to match your gender identity? Directed content analysis revealed a divided phenomenon. While some participants experienced discomfort due to societal scrutiny, safety issues concerns, and heightened visibility, others found empowerment and validation in these interactions, affirming their identities and fostering a sense of belonging. Yet another finding pointed to the role of embodiment and lived experiences, highlighting contrasting views on body harmony congruence: some participants prioritized physical alignment for societal acceptance, while others valued internal authenticity over external validation. This underscores the tension between personal agency and societal expectations in shaping gender identity. The study contributes to transidentity-theoretical literature by addressing the diverse outcomes resulting from the copresence of discomfort versus empowerment, internalized stigma, and the interplay of self-perception with societal norms. Clinical implications point to the need for inclusive spaces, supportive interventions, and mental health resources to assist trans individuals in navigating these challenges. Full article

17 pages, 556 KB

Open AccessArticle

Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of Aerobic Acute Exercise Prior to Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy Infusion in Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Manon Gouez, Olivia Pérol, Vincent Pialoux, Virginie Avrillon, Maxime Boussageon, Chantal Decroisette, Lidia Delrieu, Houssein El Hajj, Baptiste Fournier, Romane Gille, Mathilde His, Bénédicte Mastroianni, Aurélie Swalduz, Maurice Pérol and Béatrice Fervers

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(1), 334; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010334 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Recent preclinical studies suggest that acute exercise induces immune modulation, enhances tumor blood perfusion, and is associated with reduced tumor growth. Adding exercise to immunochemotherapy treatment (ICT) has been proposed as a strategy to increase treatment effectiveness. The ERICA trial (NCT04676009) aimed [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Recent preclinical studies suggest that acute exercise induces immune modulation, enhances tumor blood perfusion, and is associated with reduced tumor growth. Adding exercise to immunochemotherapy treatment (ICT) has been proposed as a strategy to increase treatment effectiveness. The ERICA trial (NCT04676009) aimed to assess the feasibility of acute aerobic exercise performed immediately before the administration of ICT in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) and to explore hypothesis-generating outcomes related to physical fitness and patient-reported outcomes. Methods: Newly diagnosed mNSCLC patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to the exercise or control group. The exercise intervention included supervised acute exercise before each of four ICT cycles plus a 3-month home-based walking program with an activity tracker and step goals. The feasibility of the exercise protocol was assessed through adherence, acceptability, tolerability, and safety. Clinical, physical, and patient-reported outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. Results: Twenty-six patients (mean age 60.6 years; SD 10.65) participated, with an 87.5% acceptance rate. In the exercise group (n = 17), 80.9% of participants completed the acute exercise sessions, with a median interval of 38 min [IQR, 20–60] between exercise and ICT. No exercise-related adverse effects were reported. After 3 months, 60% of participants in the exercise group were classified as active and maintained their step goals. Self-reported measures suggest that maintaining physical fitness is favorable for reducing fatigue and insomnia, and therefore improving quality of life. Conclusions: Acute exercise performed immediately before each ICT administration in patients with mNSCLC appears feasible and safe. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sports Medicine)

16 pages, 721 KB

Open AccessArticle

Heritage-Led Urban Regeneration and Institutional Logic: A Comparative Analysis of Tobacco Warehouses Across Europe

by Vasiliki Fragkoudi and Alkmini Gritzali

Tour. Hosp. 2026, 7(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp7010009 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

This paper examines the role of institutional logics in shaping heritage-led urban regeneration across fifteen adaptive reuse projects of former tobacco factories in Europe. By categorizing managing authorities into public, private, and community-led actors, the study interprets regeneration outcomes, such as community participation, [...] Read more.

This paper examines the role of institutional logics in shaping heritage-led urban regeneration across fifteen adaptive reuse projects of former tobacco factories in Europe. By categorizing managing authorities into public, private, and community-led actors, the study interprets regeneration outcomes, such as community participation, tourism growth, and crime reduction, through the lens of institutional theory. The analysis reveals that each authority type operates under distinct logics: regulative (public), market-driven (private), and normative (community), which significantly influence the depth and type of impact achieved. Through a comparative framework and empirical indicators, the paper highlights how institutional arrangements affect not only project design but also questions of inclusion, identity, and sustainability. Findings challenge simplistic binaries of top-down versus bottom-up governance and offer a more nuanced understanding of how urban heritage can serve divergent values. The paper concludes with implications for urban policy and future research on hybrid and participatory models of heritage governance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rethinking Destination Planning Through Sustainable Local Development)

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15 pages, 377 KB

Open AccessArticle

Health Literacy and Associated Factors Among Military Personnel: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lithuania

by Saulius Sukys and Kristina Motiejunaite

Healthcare 2026, 14(1), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14010103 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background: Health literacy is increasingly recognized as an essential determinant of health, readiness, and safety in the military, especially as health systems become more digitalized. However, evidence on general and digital health literacy in the armed forces remains limited. This study examined levels [...] Read more.

Background: Health literacy is increasingly recognized as an essential determinant of health, readiness, and safety in the military, especially as health systems become more digitalized. However, evidence on general and digital health literacy in the armed forces remains limited. This study examined levels of general health literacy and digital health literacy among Lithuanian soldiers and explored their associations with sociodemographic, service-related, and health characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 603 military personnel serving in the national armed forces. General and digital health literacy were measured with HLS19-Q12 and HLS19-DIGI. Data on sociodemographic and military characteristics, self-rated health, and self-reported long-term illnesses were collected. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and multivariable regression models were used to analyze the data. Results: The sample was predominantly male (81.9%) with a mean age of 39.08 years (SD = 8.89). The mean general health literacy score was 80.1 (SD = 19.17), whereas the mean digital health literacy score was 67.81 (SD = 30.05). Overall, 45.0% of soldiers had excellent general health literacy, and 12.0% had inadequate general health literacy; 42.1% had excellent digital health literacy, and 35% had inadequate digital health literacy. Higher levels of health literacy were positively associated with better self-rated health and social status. No statistically significant associations were found between health literacy and gender, age, education, length of service, type of military service, and self-reported long-term health complaints. Conclusions: Military personnel in this study displayed relatively high general health literacy, yet digital health literacy was lower and more unevenly distributed, indicating a potential vulnerability for health outcomes as access to information, communication, and care increasingly relies on digital platforms. Given the cross-sectional design, causal inferences cannot be drawn. Military health services may build on existing health literacy strengths while considering strategies to address digital health literacy gaps (e.g., targeted training, tailored support, and user-friendly digital solutions, including service design), acknowledging that feasibility and implementation depend on organizational context and resources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Literacy: Evidence and Approaches)

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24 pages, 4478 KB

Open AccessArticle

Citicoline Triggers Proteome Remodeling and Proteostatic Adaptation: Evidence from Shotgun Proteomics

by Dario Cavaterra, Sara Giammaria, Irene Pandino, Gabriele Antonio Zingale, Valerio Delli Paoli, Rebecca Fiore, Manuele Michelessi, Gloria Roberti, Carmela Carnevale, Lucia Tanga, Daniela Cazzato, Elisa Peroni, Giuseppe Grasso, Gianluca Manni, Alessio Bocedi, Francesco Oddone, Massimiliano Coletta, Diego Sbardella and Grazia Raffaella Tundo

Pharmaceutics 2026, 18(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18010061 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Citicoline, also known as CDP-choline, is a nootropic agent currently used in the treatment of glaucoma and is undergoing evaluation as a first-line therapy in a multi-center, international, phase III, randomized clinical trial involving citicoline eyedrops (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05710198). Numerous clinical [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Citicoline, also known as CDP-choline, is a nootropic agent currently used in the treatment of glaucoma and is undergoing evaluation as a first-line therapy in a multi-center, international, phase III, randomized clinical trial involving citicoline eyedrops (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05710198). Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have linked the neuroenhancement and neuroprotective effects of citicoline to its role as a metabolic precursor for structural and functional components of cell membranes (such as phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin) and for neurotransmitters (e.g., acetylcholine and dopamine). However, compelling evidence suggests that the molecular mechanisms underlying its cytoprotective activity involve additional as-yet uncharacterized pharmacological actions. Methods: To further elucidate its pharmacology, we investigated the effect of two cytoprotective doses of citicoline (0.1 mM and 1 mM) on the global proteome of neuroblastoma cells using an unbiased shotgun proteomics approach. Results: With over 4000 unique proteins identified and quantified per experimental condition, the proteomics analysis revealed that citicoline, after 6 h of stimulation, induces a profound and robust remodeling of the intracellular proteome compared to untreated cells. Importantly, this effect was observed to significantly diminish by 18 h of stimulation, highlighting its transient nature (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD061053). The clustering and rationalization of proteins upregulated by citicoline treatment identified the enrichment of key pathways for mRNA splicing, protein translation, proteostasis balance through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), and mitochondrial metabolism. Conclusions: These proteomics findings introduce previously uncharacterized biological effects of citicoline and foster the working hypothesis that this drug may exert its cytoprotective activity through molecular mechanisms linked to the hormesis principle. These data further support the rationale for its clinical application in neurodegenerative processes and human disorders characterized by proteotoxicity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Drug Delivery Systems for Targeted Neurological Therapies)

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15 pages, 1849 KB

Open AccessArticle

Digitally Adjustable Laser Diode Driver Circuit with 9 ps Resolution

by Michał Pietrzak, Wiktor Porakowski and Oleksandra Zhyhylii

Electronics 2026, 15(1), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15010210 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Laser pulses are essential in various scientific fields, yet existing laser diode drivers offer limited adjustability. This paper presents a digitally adjustable subnanosecond gain-switched laser diode driver, a first one with step sizes of the control being in the single-digit picosecond range. The [...] Read more.

Laser pulses are essential in various scientific fields, yet existing laser diode drivers offer limited adjustability. This paper presents a digitally adjustable subnanosecond gain-switched laser diode driver, a first one with step sizes of the control being in the single-digit picosecond range. The proposed circuit differentially drives the laser diode (LD) using two high-current gate drivers whose relative delay is digitally adjusted by a dual programmable delay line. Pulse width is defined by the delay difference between the two channels, enabling fine control without the need for high-speed semiconductor switching. Experimental results demonstrate stable optical pulse generation with widths tunable from

350 p s

to

2.8 n s

in

9 p s

increments and repetition rates exceeding

150 M H z

. Timing jitter remains below

15 p s

, and amplitude variation is below 1% across the tested operating conditions. The proposed solution provides a compact, low-cost, and highly adjustable platform for applications that require precise timing and pulse-width control, such as time-resolved measurements, range finding, and nonlinear optical excitation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Digital and Analog Electronic Systems for Next-Generation Devices)

13 pages, 789 KB

Open AccessArticle

Relationships Between Loaded Countermovement Jumps and 1-RM Back Squat: A Discrete Metrics and Waveform Analysis

by Mary Claire Geneau, David L. Carey, Paul B. Gastin, Sam J. Robertson and Lachlan P. James

Biomechanics 2026, 6(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics6010003 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the differences in force–time characteristics of different incrementally loaded countermovement jumps (CMJs) and assessed their relationship to one-repetition maximum (1-RM) back squat performance. Methods: Nineteen resistance-trained males participated in this cross-sectional study, performing CMJs under six conditions [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the differences in force–time characteristics of different incrementally loaded countermovement jumps (CMJs) and assessed their relationship to one-repetition maximum (1-RM) back squat performance. Methods: Nineteen resistance-trained males participated in this cross-sectional study, performing CMJs under six conditions (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% body mass) followed by a 1-RM back squat. Multiple regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between discrete CMJ metrics (net concentric impulse, net concentric mean force, eccentric duration) with 1-RM values. Additionally, one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to evaluate the intact force–time curve between jump conditions. Results: The multiple regression models explained 53–66% of the variance in 1-RM squat performance, which was greatest under the 80% body mass condition. One-dimensional SPM analysis revealed significant differences in force–time curves across all loading conditions. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that metrics from a loaded CMJ explained up to 66% of variance in the 1-RM back squat, suggesting the two tests are independent measures of strength. Further, each loaded jump condition elicited unique force-time curves, suggesting that each load requires a different neuromuscular technique. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sports Biomechanics)

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18 pages, 1383 KB

Open AccessArticle

Site- and Size-Based Algorithm for Reconstruction of Cheek Skin Defects: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

by Emilia Lis, Anna Lato, Julia Miaśkiewicz, Michał Gontarz, Tomasz Marecik, Krzysztof Gąsiorowski, Grażyna Wyszyńska-Pawelec and Jakub Bargiel

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(1), 331; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010331 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background: The rising incidence of cutaneous non-melanoma skin cancers underscores the need for individualized reconstruction, particularly for cheek defects that pose distinctive anatomic and functional challenges. This study aimed to analyze reconstructive patterns for cheek skin lesions and to develop a simple, site- [...] Read more.

Background: The rising incidence of cutaneous non-melanoma skin cancers underscores the need for individualized reconstruction, particularly for cheek defects that pose distinctive anatomic and functional challenges. This study aimed to analyze reconstructive patterns for cheek skin lesions and to develop a simple, site- and size-based algorithm for small- to medium-sized defects. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 129 consecutive patients treated between 2022 and 2025 for primary basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or benign cheek skin tumors. After excision, defects were reconstructed with primary closure, local flaps, or skin grafts. Associations between the largest clinically measured lesion diameter (used as a proxy for the post-excision defect size), anatomical subsite, histopathology, and reconstructive technique were evaluated using ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests, chi-square tests, and Spearman’s correlation. Results: The mean lesion diameter was 19.75 ± 12.93 mm. Reconstruction was performed using local flaps in 62 patients (48.06%), primary closure in 53 (41.09%), and skin grafts in 14 (10.85%). Larger defects were more frequently managed with grafts or flaps (F(2,110) = 4.84, p = 0.010), and lesion size correlated with reconstructive complexity (Spearman’s ρ = 0.229, p = 0.015). Lesion location was also significantly associated with the reconstruction method (χ²(10) = 48.29, p < 0.001; Cramér’s V = 0.44). Margin-negative (R0) excision was achieved in 95.35% of cases, with a low recurrence rate (3.91%) and complication rate (1.56%). Conclusions: Lesion size and anatomical location are key determinants of reconstructive strategy for cheek skin defects. In this cohort, lesions ≤ 20 mm were predominantly managed with primary closure, whereas lesions > 20 mm more frequently required flap reconstruction or skin grafting. This size-based split is cohort-derived and should be interpreted as a pragmatic framework that requires external validation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management of Skin Cancer: From Pathology Advances to Techniques Applications)

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21 pages, 17013 KB

Open AccessArticle

Gut Microbiota-Derived Propionic Acid Mediates ApoA-I-Induced Amelioration of MASLD via Activation of GPR43–Ca²⁺–CAMKII–ATGL Hepatic Lipolysis

by Mengyuan Liu, Yutong Wang and Haixia Huang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010468 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a widespread hepatic condition characterised by hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. Emerging research highlights the contribution of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolic byproducts to the pathogenesis of MASLD through the gut‒liver axis. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), [...] Read more.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a widespread hepatic condition characterised by hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. Emerging research highlights the contribution of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolic byproducts to the pathogenesis of MASLD through the gut‒liver axis. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the principal structural component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is linked to various metabolic disorders; however, its function in MASLD has not yet been clearly elucidated. This study sought to examine whether apoA-I protects against MASLD, with a focus on the possible role of the gut microbiota and propionic acid (PPA). The contribution of the gut microbiota was evaluated using faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and antibiotic cocktail (ABX)-mediated depletion. Microbial composition was assessed via 16S rRNA sequencing, and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were quantified. The effects of PPA on MASLD were examined using in vivo and in vitro models. The results showed that apoA-I overexpression alleviated MASLD in a gut microbiota-dependent manner, restored microbial homeostasis, and elevated PPA levels. PPA supplementation improved MASLD phenotypes. Mechanistically, PPA treatment was associated with the activation of the GPR43–Ca²⁺–CAMKII–ATGL pathway, suggesting that PPA plays a role in stimulating hepatic lipolysis and enhancing mitochondrial β-oxidation. These findings reveal a novel pathway through which apoA-I ameliorates MASLD by modulating the gut microbiota and increasing PPA levels, which activate a hepatic lipolysis cascade. The apoA-I–microbiota–PPA axis represents a promising therapeutic target for MASLD intervention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiome Stability in Health and Disease)

30 pages, 781 KB

Open AccessReview

The Evolving Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospital Settings: Bridging the Analytical and Clinical Needs

by Špela Volčanšek, Andrej Janež and Matevž Srpčič

Diabetology 2026, 7(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology7010006 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background: The use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers several benefits. Compared to point-of-care (POC) capillary glucose tests, user acceptability is greater, and time in the target glucose range is improved. If these advantages can be transferred from outpatient to in-patient settings, [...] Read more.

Background: The use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers several benefits. Compared to point-of-care (POC) capillary glucose tests, user acceptability is greater, and time in the target glucose range is improved. If these advantages can be transferred from outpatient to in-patient settings, CGM could assist clinicians in making timely, proactive treatment decisions. Scope of the review: This scoping review focuses on clinical studies of CGM use in hospital settings among non-pregnant adults, with a particular focus on studies from 2023 to 2025. It examines the latest evidence and guidelines and sets out the clinical and analytical considerations involved in implementing in-patient CGM. Main findings: In-hospital CGM facilitates hypoglycemia detection, especially asymptomatic and nocturnal episodes. Data on the impact of CGM use on clinical outcomes are scarce, and most studies focus on the reliability of CGM technology rather than clinical outcomes. Several factors affect CGM accuracy in hospitals, such as medications, fluid management, and hemodynamic disturbances. Despite between-device and settings-related variability, CGM devices generally show reasonable accuracy, with Mean Absolute Relative Differences (MARDs) ranging from 10% to 23%. In-hospital CGM has also improved workflows and reduced personnel exposure in infectious disease settings. Key implementation challenges: The MARD thresholds for safe in-hospital CGM use without confirmatory POC testing and evidence-based protocols for CGM application in ICU and non-ICU settings are not yet established. Despite challenges related to implementation, including personnel training, integrating diabetes technology with electronic health records, and costs, the benefits of improved monitoring and in-patient safety make CGM use worthwhile to pursue. Full article

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23 pages, 6499 KB

Open AccessArticle

Fluorescent Detection Probes for Hg²⁺ and Zn²⁺ with Schiff Base Structure Based on a Turn-On ESIPT–CHEF Mechanism

by Huan-Qing Li, Yun Li, Ye-Tong Liu, Si-Wei Deng, Wei Wang, Sheng-Yu Li and Zhao-Yang Wang

Chemosensors 2026, 14(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors14010009 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Three Schiff base fluorescent probes 3a–3c with N-heterocyclic structure were designed and synthesized by using the reaction of 4-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde with different N-heterocyclic amines, such as 2-aminobenzimidazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole, and 2-amino-6-methylpyridine. Compound 3a exhibited excellent selectivity towards Hg²⁺, with [...] Read more.

Three Schiff base fluorescent probes 3a–3c with N-heterocyclic structure were designed and synthesized by using the reaction of 4-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde with different N-heterocyclic amines, such as 2-aminobenzimidazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole, and 2-amino-6-methylpyridine. Compound 3a exhibited excellent selectivity towards Hg²⁺, with a detection limit of 3.21 × 10⁻⁷ M and a response time of only 30 s. It could be used as a fluorescent probe for detecting Hg²⁺. Meanwhile, compounds 3b and 3c exhibited excellent selectivity towards Zn²⁺, with detection limits of 1.61 × 10⁻⁷ M and 2.03 × 10⁻⁷ M, respectively, and response times of only 30 s. They could serve as fluorescent probes for detecting Zn²⁺. Using probe 3a for Hg²⁺ as an example, the detecting mechanism was further elucidated through ¹H NMR, ESI-MS testing, and DFT calculation analysis. For compound 3a, the coordination stoichiometry between compound 3a and Hg²⁺ was verified to be 1:1 through a Job’s plot. After coordination with Hg²⁺, the molecular rigidity of compound 3a was enhanced, which inhibited the non-radiative decay process and led to the closure of the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) effect. At the same time, the fluorescence intensity was significantly increased through the chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) mechanism, which was confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, compounds 3a–3c were successfully applied in practical water samples and test strips for the detection of Hg²⁺/Zn²⁺. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Organic Conjugated Materials in Chemosensors)

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13 pages, 1117 KB

Open AccessArticle

Beyond PlayerLoad: Detection of Critical Moments and Injury Risk in Elite Women’s Futsal

by Diego Hernán Villarejo-García, Carlos Navarro-Martínez and José Pino-Ortega

Sports 2026, 14(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports14010008 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Monitoring the volume and intensity of physical load is essential in elite women’s futsal to optimize performance and prevent injuries. However, external load indicators such as PlayerLoad may underestimate critical moments in competition where the intensity and volume of accelerations and decelerations sharply [...] Read more.

Monitoring the volume and intensity of physical load is essential in elite women’s futsal to optimize performance and prevent injuries. However, external load indicators such as PlayerLoad may underestimate critical moments in competition where the intensity and volume of accelerations and decelerations sharply increase. This study aimed to identify and characterize such critical moments by analyzing the interaction between current score, playing position, match half, and location on acceleration and deceleration volume (distance, km/h) and intensity (peak, m/s²). Thirteen elite female futsal players (age: 29.9 ± 5.1 years; height: 164.96 ± 4.22 cm; body mass: 60.31 ± 4.56 kg) competing in the Spanish First Division were analyzed over a full season. All match accelerations and decelerations recorded with WIMU PRO™ inertial devices were processed using four Linear Mixed Models (LMMs). Significant interactions emerged across all models. Volume increased when winning, particularly among pivots, while intensity rose during adverse conditions, especially when losing at home. Interindividual variability was minimal (ICC < 1%). Physical load in women’s futsal follows two situational patterns: volume increases when leading, and intensity peaks when trailing. Identifying these critical moments provides insight beyond total load metrics, offering guidance for individualized and context-specific injury prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evaluation and Implementation of Inertial Technologies in the Analysis of Sports Performance and Physical Activity)

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12 pages, 232 KB

Open AccessArticle

Baseline Serum Albumin for Long-Term Risk Stratification in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

by Kürşad Öneç, Gülşah Altun and Tansu Sav

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(1), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010333 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Mortality among patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis remains high, and biomarkers that allow early risk stratification are needed. Serum albumin reflects nutritional status and systemic inflammation and has been associated with adverse outcomes; however, its long-term prognostic significance remains incompletely defined. This study [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Mortality among patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis remains high, and biomarkers that allow early risk stratification are needed. Serum albumin reflects nutritional status and systemic inflammation and has been associated with adverse outcomes; however, its long-term prognostic significance remains incompletely defined. This study examined the association between baseline serum albumin and long-term (up to 10-year) all-cause mortality in a large hemodialysis cohort. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adult patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis between 2015 and 2025 at a tertiary nephrology center. Individuals with at least three months of stable dialysis and available baseline serum albumin measurements were included. Patients were categorized into two groups according to baseline serum albumin levels (<3.5 g/dL and ≥3.5 g/dL). The primary outcome was long-term (up to 10-year) all-cause mortality, while secondary outcomes included emergency department visits, hospital admissions, cardiovascular events, and infection-related hospitalizations. Survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis, and predictors of mortality were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. The median follow-up duration was 54 months (interquartile range: 28–92), with a maximum follow-up of 10 years. Results: A total of 412 patients were analyzed, of whom 40.8% had serum albumin levels < 3.5 g/dL. During follow-up, 233 deaths occurred. Lower albumin levels were associated with significantly higher mortality (76.2% vs. 43.4%, p < 0.001), increased healthcare utilization, and a greater incidence of cardiovascular and infectious complications. In multivariate analysis, albumin < 3.5 g/dL remained an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio 1.84, 95% confidence interval 1.42–2.38; p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified 3.4 g/dL as the optimal cutoff for mortality prediction (area under the curve 0.72). Conclusions: Baseline serum albumin is an independent predictor of long-term (up to 10-year) mortality and adverse clinical outcomes in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Although albumin is not a causal determinant, its association with survival likely reflects underlying nutritional and inflammatory burden. Prospective multicenter studies are warranted to validate albumin-based risk stratification and to evaluate the prognostic value of longitudinal changes in serum albumin over time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nephrology & Urology)

30 pages, 11819 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Smart Four-DOF SCARA Robot: Design, Kinematic Modeling, and Machine Learning-Based Performance Evaluation

by Ahmed G. Mahmoud A. Aziz, Saleh Al Dawsari, Amr E. Rafaat, Ayat G. Abo El-Magd and Ahmed A. Zaki Diab

Automation 2026, 7(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/automation7010011 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026

Abstract

Robotics is increasingly used in higher education laboratories, but most commercial robots are costly and designed for industrial use. This paper presents the design, modeling, and experimental evaluation of a low-cost four-degree-of-freedom (DOF) SCARA robot for educational and research purposes. The robot supports [...] Read more.

Robotics is increasingly used in higher education laboratories, but most commercial robots are costly and designed for industrial use. This paper presents the design, modeling, and experimental evaluation of a low-cost four-degree-of-freedom (DOF) SCARA robot for educational and research purposes. The robot supports pick-and-place and laser engraving tasks. Direct and inverse kinematics were developed using Denavit–Hartenberg parameters, and the mechanical structure was validated through the dynamic analyses. A new machine learning (ML) framework integrating Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) models was implemented to enhance motion precision, predict task success, and compensate positioning errors in real time. Experimental tests over 360 cyles under varying speeds, payloads, and object types show that the SVM predicts grasp success with 94.4% accuracy, while the RF model estimates XY positioning error with an RMSE of 1.84 mm and cycle time error with an RMSE of 0.41 s. Moreover, a novel approach in this work that combines it with a laser engraving machine has been suggested. Repeatability experiments report 0.97 mm ISO-standard repeatability, and laser engraving trials yield mean positional errors of 0.45 mm, with maximum deviation of 0.90 mm. Compared to a baseline PID controller, the ML-enhanced strategy reduces RMS positioning error from 3.30 mm to 1.83 mm and improves repeatability by 36.5%, while slightly decreasing cycle time. These results demonstrate that the proposed SCARA robot achieves high-precision, consistent, and flexible operation suitable for both academic and light-duty practical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Robotics and Autonomous Systems)

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