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15 pages, 441 KiB  
Article
Integrated Reporting and Assurance in Emerging Economies: Impacts on Market Liquidity and Forecast Accuracy
by Felipe Zúñiga, Roxana Pincheira, Macarena Dimter and Bárbara Quinchel
Account. Audit. 2025, 1(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/accountaudit1010002 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
This article examines whether the presentation of integrated reports (IRs), the external assurance of non-financial information, and the use of auditing standards affect market liquidity and the accuracy of earnings per share forecasts in the Chilean market following the publication of the International [...] Read more.
This article examines whether the presentation of integrated reports (IRs), the external assurance of non-financial information, and the use of auditing standards affect market liquidity and the accuracy of earnings per share forecasts in the Chilean market following the publication of the International IR Framework. Using ordinary least squares estimations, results show that IRs significantly reduce information asymmetry, thereby improving market liquidity. This effect is reinforced when non-financial information is externally assured, particularly under the ISAE3000 standard. However, neither IRs nor external assurance significantly impact financial analysts’ earnings forecast accuracy, suggesting that such information serves a complementary role in their evaluations. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the role of IRs and assurance in emerging economies, emphasizing their effectiveness in enhancing transparency and liquidity. The findings have direct implications for companies, as they suggest that adopting IRs and obtaining external assurance can strengthen market perceptions and investor confidence, particularly when using the ISAE3000 standard. For regulators, the results highlight the potential benefits of promoting standardized sustainability disclosures and assurance mechanisms to foster transparency in capital markets. Investors, in turn, can use IR quality and assurance as signals of corporate credibility and long-term value creation. Full article
13 pages, 8637 KiB  
Article
Quantification of Trace Polymorphic Impurity in Celecoxib with Powder X-Ray Diffraction Technique
by Amita G. Dhadphale and Kamini J. Donde
J. Pharm. BioTech Ind. 2025, 2(2), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpbi2020004 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
A selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Celecoxib (CEB), known for its anti-inflammatory properties, can exhibit polymorphism, with Form III often emerging as an undesired crystalline impurity during the green manufacturing process of the preferred Form I. Controlling the Form III content in the [...] Read more.
A selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Celecoxib (CEB), known for its anti-inflammatory properties, can exhibit polymorphism, with Form III often emerging as an undesired crystalline impurity during the green manufacturing process of the preferred Form I. Controlling the Form III content in the drug product is crucial, as different crystalline forms can impact drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This study presents a method to quantify the weight percentage of Form III in the bulk of CEB Form I by employing powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Initially, pure Form I and III of CEB were characterized using DSC, FTIR, and PXRD, supporting the method’s development. Binary mixtures, with varying ratios of CEB polymorphs Form I and Form III, were prepared and analyzed using continuous scans over an angular (2θ) range of 2–40. The calibration curve was constructed using 2θ unique peaks for Form I and Form III, respectively. Linear regression analysis exhibited a strong linear relationship within the weight ratio range of 1–20%. The developed method was validated to assess recovery, precision, ruggedness, limits of detection, and quantitation. These findings indicate that the method exhibits repeatability, sensitivity, and accuracy. The newly developed and validated PXRD method is applicable for quality control of CEB Form I produced through the green melt crystallization process by detecting low levels of Form III polymorphic impurity. This research significantly contributes to ensuring the clinical efficacy and manufacturing quality of Celecoxib by providing a reliable method for controlling polymorphic impurities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Drug Discovery, Delivery, and Manufacturing)
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20 pages, 3632 KiB  
Review
Liquid Hydrogen Application for Aero-Engine More-Electrical System: Current Status, Challenges and Future Prospects
by Zhaoyang Zheng, Jiaqi Ma, Jiaxin Hou, Ziqiao Gong, Junlong Xie and Jianye Chen
Cryo 2025, 1(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryo1010005 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
The integration of more-electric technologies into aero-engines has revolutionized their multi-power architectures, substantially improving system maintainability and operational reliability. This advancement has established more-electric systems as a cornerstone of modern aerospace electrification research. Concurrently, liquid hydrogen (LH2) emerges as a transformative [...] Read more.
The integration of more-electric technologies into aero-engines has revolutionized their multi-power architectures, substantially improving system maintainability and operational reliability. This advancement has established more-electric systems as a cornerstone of modern aerospace electrification research. Concurrently, liquid hydrogen (LH2) emerges as a transformative solution for next-generation power generation systems, particularly in enabling the transition from 100 kW to megawatt-class propulsion systems. Beyond its superior energy density, LH2 demonstrates dual functionality in thermal management: it serves as both an efficient coolant for power electronics (e.g., controllers) and a cryogenic source for superconducting motor applications. This study systematically investigates the electrification pathway for LH2-fueled aero-engine multi-electric systems. First, we delineate the technical framework, elucidating its architectural characteristics and associated challenges. Subsequently, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of three critical subsystems including LH2 storage and delivery systems, cryogenic cooling systems for superconducting motors, and Thermal management systems for high-power electronics. Finally, we synthesize current research progress and propose strategic directions to accelerate the development of LH2-powered more-electric aero-engines, addressing both technical bottlenecks and future implementation scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficient Production, Storage and Transportation of Liquid Hydrogen)
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8 pages, 204 KiB  
Communication
Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head in Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Case Series
by Paschalis Evangelidis, Eleni Gavriilaki, Nikolaos Kotsiou, Zacharo Ntova, Panagiotis Kalmoukos, Theodosia Papadopoulou, Sofia Chissan and Sofia Vakalopoulou
Hematol. Rep. 2025, 17(2), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep17020015 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by thrombosis or obstetric complications and the laboratory detection of antiphospholipid antibodies. Although vascular thrombosis is the main manifestation of the disease, other rarer complications have also been described. Avascular necrosis (AN) [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by thrombosis or obstetric complications and the laboratory detection of antiphospholipid antibodies. Although vascular thrombosis is the main manifestation of the disease, other rarer complications have also been described. Avascular necrosis (AN) is considered a rare manifestation of APS. The aim of our case series is to study patients with APS and AN. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 80 patients diagnosed with APS. Results: AN was observed in 3 patients out of 80 diagnosed with APS. AN of the femoral head was observed in all cases. Case (1): A 54-year-old woman presented due to multiple ischemic infarctions in the brain, as detected in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and AN of the femoral head. In laboratory testing, a prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time was recorded. A heterozygous mutation was also found in the gene MTHFR C677T, and the patients was positive for lupus anticoagulant (LA). The patient was given clopidogrel and acenocoumarol. Case (2): A 52-year-old man was diagnosed with APS, based on the clinical presentation (stroke) and positivity for LA and anti-β2GPI (anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibody). In his medical history, episodes of vertigo and an episode of AN of the femoral head 2 years ago were described. Case (3): A woman aged 43 years presented due to AN of the femoral head. Due to suspected APS, immunological testing was performed, and positivity for LA and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies was detected. She was treated with acenocoumarol. Conclusions: AN is a rare clinical manifestation of APS, which may precede the diagnosis of APS for many years. Full article
13 pages, 927 KiB  
Article
Integrating Sustainable Cultivation Practices and Advanced Extraction Methods for Improved Cannabis Yield and Cannabinoid Production
by Theerayut Thawonkit, Nednapa Insalud, Rapeephun Dangtungee and Prakash Bhuyar
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2025, 16(2), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb16020038 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
The rising global demand for medicinal cannabis necessitates the optimization of cultivation, harvesting, and extraction techniques to maximize cannabinoid yield and purity. This study investigates the Foi Thong Phu Pha Yon strain under controlled environmental conditions, evaluating the effects of temperature, humidity, CO [...] Read more.
The rising global demand for medicinal cannabis necessitates the optimization of cultivation, harvesting, and extraction techniques to maximize cannabinoid yield and purity. This study investigates the Foi Thong Phu Pha Yon strain under controlled environmental conditions, evaluating the effects of temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, and light exposure on plant growth and cannabinoid biosynthesis. A total of 170 seeds were germinated, with an 85% germination success rate, and various growth strategies, including soil composition, nutrient application, and irrigation methods, were tested to determine the most effective approach. The research findings indicate that vegetative growth was optimal at 27 °C, 70% humidity, and 1200 ppm CO2 while flowering required a reduced temperature (22 °C), lower humidity (50%), and elevated CO2 levels (1900 ppm) to enhance cannabinoid production and prevent disease. Furthermore, harvest timing significantly influenced CBD yield, with peak cannabinoid content observed when 80% of trichomes were cloudy white. Over two growing cycles, this study produced 43,200 g of fresh buds, resulting in 7560 g of dried cannabis buds. The extraction process, utilizing dynamic maceration with 95% ethanol, followed by winterization and chromatography, yielded 2343.60 g of cannabis extract, including 589.68 g of CBD, with an average purity of 86.599%. Advanced techniques such as flash chromatography and distillation further refined the CBD isolate, ensuring pharmaceutical-grade quality. These findings highlight the effectiveness of precise environmental control, strategic harvesting, and advanced extraction methodologies in optimizing cannabis production. This research provides valuable insights for agricultural researchers, policymakers, and the pharmaceutical industry, supporting sustainable cultivation practices and improved product quality in the expanding medicinal cannabis market. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges in Cannabis sativa: Breeding and Secondary Metabolite Synthesis)
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10 pages, 459 KiB  
Communication
Wavelet Entropy for Efficiency Assessment of Price, Return, and Volatility of Brent and WTI During Extreme Events
by Salim Lahmiri
Commodities 2025, 4(2), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/commodities4020004 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
This study analyzes the market efficiency of crude oil markets, namely Brent and West Texas Intermediate (WTI), during three different periods: pre-COVID-19, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and during the ongoing Russia–Ukraine military conflict. To evaluate the efficiency of crude oil markets, wavelet entropy [...] Read more.
This study analyzes the market efficiency of crude oil markets, namely Brent and West Texas Intermediate (WTI), during three different periods: pre-COVID-19, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and during the ongoing Russia–Ukraine military conflict. To evaluate the efficiency of crude oil markets, wavelet entropy is computed from price, return, and volatility series. Our empirical results show that WTI prices are predictable during the Russia–Ukraine military conflict, but Brent prices are difficult to predict during the same period. The prices of Brent and WTI were difficult to predict during the COVID-19 pandemic. Returns in Brent and WTI are more difficult to predict during the military conflict than they were during the pandemic. Finally, volatility in Brent and WTI carried more information during the pandemic compared to the military conflict. Also, volatility series for Brent and WTI are difficult to predict during the military conflict. These findings offer insightful information for investors, traders, and policy makers in relation to crude oil energy under various extreme market conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Recession, Geopolitical Events and Pandemic on Commodity Prices)
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16 pages, 789 KiB  
Article
Regional Analysis of Household Income and Milk Spending During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico
by Marisol López-Romero, Stephanie Sophia Alva-Ruiz, Ulises Macias-Cruz and José Alejandro Roque-Jiménez
COVID 2025, 5(4), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/covid5040043 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
This analysis was conducted in the context of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, when the uncertainty and demand for food modified consumption patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze variations in the expenditures allocated to pasteurized and powdered milk during and [...] Read more.
This analysis was conducted in the context of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, when the uncertainty and demand for food modified consumption patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze variations in the expenditures allocated to pasteurized and powdered milk during and after the pandemic, considering the socioeconomic and demographic factors influencing these choices. A cross-sectional ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model was implemented using data from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey for 2018, 2020, and 2022. The model evaluated variables such as income, household size, educational level, and gender of the household head, as well as the presence of minors and older adults at the regional level. The findings demonstrated that, in 2020, expenditure on pasteurized milk exhibited an elasticity of 0.888, suggesting heightened sensitivity to income during the pandemic period. In contrast, the elasticity of powdered milk was lower, with a value of 0.013 between 2018 and 2020, and negative values by 2022. Additionally, households headed by women, households with a higher level of education, and households with children spent more on pasteurized milk. These findings confirm the importance of milk as an essential commodity and highlight the substitute role of powdered milk in low-income households. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
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32 pages, 24825 KiB  
Article
Simulating the Thermal Efficiency of Courtyard Houses: New Architectural Insights from the Warm and Humid Climate of Tiruchirappalli City, India
by Rajaa Gunasekaran and Radhakrishnan Shanthi Priya
Architecture 2025, 5(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture5020021 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
In various climate conditions, courtyards have a major impact on a building’s energy efficiency and thermal performance. The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze the environmental aspects of a courtyard in a particular area. The chosen region is Trichy, which [...] Read more.
In various climate conditions, courtyards have a major impact on a building’s energy efficiency and thermal performance. The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze the environmental aspects of a courtyard in a particular area. The chosen region is Trichy, which has generally warm-humid climate. To understand environmental factors like thermal comfort, natural ventilation, natural lighting, and microclimate, cases from the region were chosen. The primary objective of this paper is to utilize computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate how these environmental factors affect the courtyard in the stated location. The chosen case is stimulated using DesignBuilder software. The field investigation is the first step in the study, which is then followed by the model-making process and stimulation. This study investigates the impact of environmental parameters on courtyard efficiency, focusing on their response to environmental conditions. Through field investigation and modeling of chosen examples, the study reveals critical elements for courtyard design success, emphasizing the relevance of knowing these characteristics for effective courtyard planning in the region. The results are beneficial for analyzing the courtyard’s circumstances since they take into consideration the courtyard’s performance towards microclimate and influences on various courtyard components. Additionally, they offer a helpful coefficient factor for additional courtyard studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Architectural Responses to Climate Change)
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21 pages, 841 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Effect of Pregnancy on Dermatological Disorders: A Systematic Review
by Maya Faissal Alhomieed, Lara Osama Al Hartany, Marya Aref Alghorab, Arwa Alsharif, Ahlam Kaleemullah, Hanan Ismail Wasaya, Khlood Abdulaziz Alsubaie, Ayah Nabil Al Jehani, Amal Mohamed Kayali and Samera AlBasri
Clin. Pract. 2025, 15(4), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract15040068 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy induces hormonal, immunologic, and vascular changes that profoundly affect dermatologic health. This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of pregnancy on dermatological disorders in terms of disease incidence, severity, maternal-fetal outcomes, and optimal management strategies. Methods: A systematic [...] Read more.
Background: Pregnancy induces hormonal, immunologic, and vascular changes that profoundly affect dermatologic health. This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of pregnancy on dermatological disorders in terms of disease incidence, severity, maternal-fetal outcomes, and optimal management strategies. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies evaluating pregnant women with dermatological disorders, pregnancy-related dermatoses, and pre-existing morbidities, were included. The collaboratively extracted data included patient demographics, disease severity, treatment approaches, and pregnancy outcomes. Results: A total of 8490 pregnant cases with dermatologic changes and conditions caused by pregnancy were studied. The dermatological conditions were divided into physiological changes, pregnancy-related exacerbation of pre-existing skin conditions, and pregnancy-specific dermatoses. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and pemphigoid gestationis were associated with increased rates of adverse fetal outcomes in patients with specific dermatoses, including increased preterm birth and fetal distress rates. The atopic eruption of pregnancy and polymorphic eruption of pregnancy were highly relevant, but their effect on fetal health was minimal. The efficacy and safety of treatment modalities, including corticosteroids, antihistamines, and ursodeoxycholic acid, were variable. Conclusions: Pregnancy drastically affects dermatological health, but the nature of the impact depends on the condition. Optimal maternal and fetal outcomes rely on early diagnosis and individualized management strategies. More randomized controlled trials are required to develop standardized diagnostic and treatment guidelines to enhance the quality of dermatologic care during pregnancy. Full article
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12 pages, 223 KiB  
Article
Renal Trauma: A 4-Year Retrospective Review of Injury Severity, Treatment Approaches, and Outcomes from a Polish Trauma Center
by Michał Kasperczak, Anita Zaręba, Karolina Pawłowska-Kasperczak, Filip Kasperczak, Monika Zaręba and Andrzej Antczak
Clin. Pract. 2025, 15(4), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract15040067 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
Background: The management of renal injuries in hemodynamically stable adult patients is moving toward more conservative methods, even in cases of severe grade and/or penetrating trauma. The objective of this study was to analyze the patterns of injury, management, and complications in renal [...] Read more.
Background: The management of renal injuries in hemodynamically stable adult patients is moving toward more conservative methods, even in cases of severe grade and/or penetrating trauma. The objective of this study was to analyze the patterns of injury, management, and complications in renal trauma patients at a Polish trauma center. Methods: Patients diagnosed with renal trauma at the trauma center between January 2019 and December 2023 were identified based on the ICD-10 codes. The information was gathered from digitalized medical records, while imaging data were classified by Radiologists. Results: During a period of 4 years, a total of 81 patients with renal trauma were admitted to the trauma center. 76% of these patients were males, with a mean age of 44.61 ± 16.8 years. The most common concomitant conditions, both among men and women, included retroperitoneal hematoma, rib fractures, as well as chest and lung injuries. Surgical intervention within 8 h of admission was mainly performed on patients with grade IV and V kidney damage, which included a total of 22 people. In deferred treatment, 31 patients underwent surgical intervention. Conclusions: Hemodynamically stable patients, even with penetrating and/or high-grade blunt trauma, were mostly managed non-operatively, with a low rate of complications. Full article
24 pages, 3552 KiB  
Article
Effects of Biochar on Growth, Response to Water Stress, and Post-Stress Recovery in Underutilized Vegetable Hibiscus sabdariffa from Malawi
by Dickson Mgangathweni Mazibuko, Sarvesh Maskey, Kiseki Kurashina, Hiromu Okazawa, Hiroyuki Oshima, Taku Kato and Hidehiko Kikuno
Crops 2025, 5(2), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/crops5020013 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
Globally, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae), commonly known as roselle or hibiscus, is a multipurpose vegetable crop. In Malawi, where it is referred to as ‘Chidede’ (Chichewa), it is recognized as an underutilized traditional plant with significant potential. Traditional vegetable production in Malawi is [...] Read more.
Globally, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae), commonly known as roselle or hibiscus, is a multipurpose vegetable crop. In Malawi, where it is referred to as ‘Chidede’ (Chichewa), it is recognized as an underutilized traditional plant with significant potential. Traditional vegetable production in Malawi is being promoted to enhance nutritional food security and climate change mitigation. Recently, biochar has become increasingly used to improve agricultural productivity through climate-smart technologies. To date, the influence of rice husk biochar (RHB) on H. sabdariffa remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the effects of RHB on the vegetative growth, response to water stress, and post-stress recovery of H. sabdariffa using a greenhouse pot experiment. Our findings indicate that biochar-amended soil enhanced plant height, stem thickness, and total leaf area by 16.5%, 12.0%, and 12.9%, respectively. Water stress significantly reduced all assessed growth parameters (p < 0.05) except total leaf area and average leaf area per plant. Under water stress conditions, biochar-treated plants were significantly taller (p < 0.05) and had a higher specific leaf area (p < 0.05), demonstrating a positive effect. A post-stress recovery analysis revealed that H. sabdariffa fully recovered in height and biomass, while partial recovery was observed for root collar diameter and compensatory recovery for total leaf area and average leaf area. Biochar-treated plants exhibited superior post-stress recovery compared to those grown in unamended soil. Overall, plants grown with biochar were taller and had a larger root collar diameter, higher stem and leaf fresh biomass, and greater total leaf area. These findings underscore biochar’s potential as a sustainable soil amendment for enhancing growth and resilience in underutilized crops. Further studies should explore field experiments to access environmental heterogeneity and examine the diverse factors influencing biochar efficiency. Full article
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30 pages, 6627 KiB  
Review
Advances in Nanostructured Fluorescence Sensors for H2O2 Detection: Current Status and Future Direction
by Hossein Pouri, Rakshya Panta, Prabhu Bharathan, Jiye Fang and Jin Zhang
Micro 2025, 5(2), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/micro5020015 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection in both liquid and gas phases has garnered significant attention due to its importance in various biological and industrial processes. Monitoring H2O2 levels is essential for understanding its effects on biology, industry, [...] Read more.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection in both liquid and gas phases has garnered significant attention due to its importance in various biological and industrial processes. Monitoring H2O2 levels is essential for understanding its effects on biology, industry, and the environment. Significant advancements in the physical dimensions and performance of biosensors for H2O2 detection have been made, mainly through the integration of fluorescence techniques and nanotechnology. These advancements have resulted in more sensitive, selective, and versatile detection systems, enhancing our ability to monitor H2O2 in both liquid and gas phases effectively. However, limited comprehensive reviews exist on the detection of vaporized H2O2, which is used in disinfection and the production of explosive agents, making its detection vital. This review provides an overview of recent progress in nanostructured fluorescence sensors for H2O2 detection, covering both liquid and gas phases. It examines various fluorescence-based detection methods and focuses on emerging nanomaterials for sensor development. Additionally, it discusses the dual applications of H2O2 detection in biomedical and non-biomedical fields, offering insights into the current state of the field and future directions. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for developing novel nanostructured fluorescence sensors are presented to guide future research in this rapidly evolving area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Advances in Microtechnology for Cell/Tissue Engineering and Biosensing)
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24 pages, 18613 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Recovery Potential of Critical and Strategic Raw Materials from Traversella Mine (Piedmont, Italy) Waste: A Comparison of Laboratory-Scale Separation Techniques
by Gabriele Baldassarre, Camila Mori De Oliveira, Adriano Fiorucci, Rossana Bellopede and Paola Marini
Mining 2025, 5(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/mining5020021 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
The growing demand for green and, therefore, sustainable technologies present new challenges for our society. The European Union (EU) identified the critical raw materials (CRMs) and strategic raw materials (SRMs) necessary for these technologies and introduced policies to reduce reliance on external suppliers, [...] Read more.
The growing demand for green and, therefore, sustainable technologies present new challenges for our society. The European Union (EU) identified the critical raw materials (CRMs) and strategic raw materials (SRMs) necessary for these technologies and introduced policies to reduce reliance on external suppliers, which includes investigating the recovery of CRMs from extractive waste. This study assesses the recovery potential of mine waste collected in the Traversella mine district (Piedmont, Italy), known for its polymetallic Fe-Cu-W deposit. The characterization of waste rock samples involved chemical and mineralogical analyses, revealing metallic-bearing minerals such as magnetite and scheelite. Laboratory-scale magnetic and gravity separation tests were carried out and compared. Magnetic separation resulted in a recovery of 75.4% of Fe, 72.3% of Cu, and 83.7% of W, with a weak concentration. Instead, gravity separation produced high-grade Fe (67.6%) and W (1289 ppm) concentrate with lower recovery rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Sustainable Recycling and Reuse of Industrial By-Products or Waste from Geo-Resource Exploitation)
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17 pages, 1704 KiB  
Article
Active Learning Affects Children’s Intention to Act and Awareness of the Importance of Nature and Understanding Environmental Change
by Carmella Granato, Marco Campera and Matthew Bulbert
World 2025, 6(2), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/world6020036 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
Guiding future awareness of and attitudes on the importance of nature and understanding environmental change is crucial for its future mitigation. A barrier to acting on issues such as climate change, however, is the time scale at which they occur and the lack [...] Read more.
Guiding future awareness of and attitudes on the importance of nature and understanding environmental change is crucial for its future mitigation. A barrier to acting on issues such as climate change, however, is the time scale at which they occur and the lack of tangibility around key concepts such as the impact they have on phenotypic shifts in fauna and flora. Here, we assessed an environmental education intervention integrated into a mainstream curriculum that included cooperative learning and a practical environmental biology experiment. We aimed to understand if this intervention increased both the awareness of environmental change and intention to act in primary-school-aged children. We selected 150 students (5–11 years) from Oakhurst Community Primary School, UK, and assessed the intervention via the Draw-Our-Environment (DOE) test and an Environmental Perception Survey (EPS). We showed how a curriculum inclusive of more than tokenistic environmental education, developed through considering a combination of different active learning activities, favoured a clear increase in environmental awareness and intention to act. Via path analysis, we showed that an increase in environmental awareness (assessed via the DOE test) determined an increase in individual orientation on pro-environmental behaviours (assessed via the EPS). Experiential learning helps students to understand the physical processes of environmental change and increase awareness of environmental problems. This has the potential to alter perceptions of young people’s attitudes on the importance of and willingness to act against environmental change. Full article
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18 pages, 1024 KiB  
Article
Engagement + Expertise = Trust? Comparing Pathways to Credibility for Journalism and Healthcare
by Young Eun Moon, Sung-Hee Wendy Paik, Kristy Roschke, Jacob L. Nelson and Seth C. Lewis
Journal. Media 2025, 6(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia6020046 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
Many journalists believe they must become more engaged with the public to improve trust in news. What remains unknown is how the public weighs the trustworthiness of engagement relative to the trustworthiness of a more traditional journalistic value: expertise. This study aims to [...] Read more.
Many journalists believe they must become more engaged with the public to improve trust in news. What remains unknown is how the public weighs the trustworthiness of engagement relative to the trustworthiness of a more traditional journalistic value: expertise. This study aims to address this gap by assessing public perceptions of engagement and expertise within journalism and comparing them with perceptions of expertise and engagement within another institution dealing with similarly high levels of distrust: healthcare. Professionals within both journalism and healthcare are attempting to mitigate their trust crises by increasing their engagement with the people they seek to serve, which means each profession is currently navigating an uncertain balancing act between engagement and people’s perceived expertise that this study seeks to explore. Using a US-based survey (N = 981) and employing structural equation modeling (SEM), we find that, when it comes to journalism, engagement does not significantly influence trust, while perceived expertise has a positive impact. In contrast, perceptions of healthcare specialists show both perceived expertise and engagement positively influencing trust, with engagement having a stronger effect. We conclude by exploring the implications of these findings for the relationship between journalists and the public. Full article
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12 pages, 8353 KiB  
Case Report
The Successful Treatment of a Patient with Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome (EDS) After an Extensive Burn Injury: A Case Report
by Karolina Ziółkowska, Anna Słaboń, Justyna Glik, Mariusz Maj, Magdalena Olszak, Karolina Mikuś-Zagórska, Przemysław Strzelec, Katarzyna Czerny, Ryszard Maciejowski, Marcin Gierek and Wojciech Łabuś
Medicina 2025, 61(4), 554; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61040554 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
Introduction: Ehlers–Danlos Syndromes (EDSs) are a heterogeneous group of monogenic connective tissue disorders (e.g., joint hypermobility and dislocation, skin hyperelasticity and fragility, chronic pain, delayed wound healing process,, etc.). The primary objective of this study was to present a specialized therapeutic wound [...] Read more.
Introduction: Ehlers–Danlos Syndromes (EDSs) are a heterogeneous group of monogenic connective tissue disorders (e.g., joint hypermobility and dislocation, skin hyperelasticity and fragility, chronic pain, delayed wound healing process,, etc.). The primary objective of this study was to present a specialized therapeutic wound management process for a burn-injured female patient diagnosed with EDS. Case Presentation: A 34-year-old female patient presented with extensive thermal burns (biofireplace explosion). The patient had a family history of diagnosed EDS. Additionally, the patient was in a poor mental condition and, since 2020, had been undergoing pharmacotherapy with antidepressant and anti-anxiety medication. This might be the first such clinical observation in the world, but a correlation has been observed between psychiatric medication use and EDS wound healing impairment. During the hospitalization process, the patient underwent a series of surgeries aimed at the fastest and most effective closure of wounds. The patient, after 182 days of hospitalization in our facility, was discharged home. Materials and Methods: During the patient’s hospital stay, the patient underwent multiple procedures involving debridement of necrotic tissues. Additionally, allogeneic acellular dermal matrix (ADM) grafting was performed on the wounds, and a procedure was conducted in which skin was grafted using the MEEK technique. The in vitro cultured skin cells, as the advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), were used. During the patient’s stay in the hospital, images were taken using low-energy laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) to asses microperfusion or lack thereof. The measurements were taken at intervals of several days. Conclusions: The treatment of burn wounds in patients with EDS requires a long hospitalization period. It also may require a multi-stage approach utilizing innovative preparations (e.g., ADMs and ATMPs). The assessment of wound healing progress can be performed using advanced equipment, such as laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Burn Injuries and Burn Rehabilitation)
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17 pages, 5717 KiB  
Article
Transaortic Catheter Venting for Left Ventricular Unloading in Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Life Support: A Porcine Cardiogenic Shock Model
by Sang Yoon Kim, Hyoung Woo Chang, Jae Hang Lee, Jae Hyun Jeon, Yoohwa Hwang, Hwan Hee Park and Dong Jung Kim
Medicina 2025, 61(4), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61040552 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Left ventricle (LV) overloading during veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is detrimental to myocardial recovery. To determine whether LV unloading using transaortic catheter venting (TACV) is effective, we analyzed the effect of TACV in a human-sized porcine model. [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Left ventricle (LV) overloading during veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is detrimental to myocardial recovery. To determine whether LV unloading using transaortic catheter venting (TACV) is effective, we analyzed the effect of TACV in a human-sized porcine model. Materials and Methods: Hypoxic biventricular dysfunction was induced in 11 pigs using femoro-femoral VA-ECMO and custom-made TACV catheters in the LV through the common carotid artery. Hemodynamic conditions were then simulated. The TACV was either opened or closed under a controlled ECMO flow. Conversely, the ECMO flow was adjusted, varying from 1 L to 4 L, with and without TACV; 2115 observations were collected. Results: In comparing observations without TACV (TACV−) and with TACV (TACV+), the change in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) after TACV application was −1.2 mmHg (p < 0.001). In the linear regression model, the reduction in LVEDP was maximized when the baseline LVEDP and ECMO flow were higher. When escalating the ECMO flow in the respective settings of TACV− and TACV+, the rise in LVEDP was significantly lower in TACV+. Conclusions: TACV decreased LVEDP; this effect was more prominent when ECMO flow and baseline LVEDP were higher. These findings suggest that TACV might support LV recovery through effective unloading, even when ECMO flow is high. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cardiology)
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19 pages, 5417 KiB  
Review
Scar Management in Pediatric Patients
by Sydney Barone, Eric Bao, Stephanie Rothberg, Jose F. Palacios, Isabelle T. Smith, Neil Tanna and Nicholas Bastidas
Medicina 2025, 61(4), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61040553 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pediatric patients can acquire scars from both accidental injury and surgical procedures. While scars cannot be avoided if a full-thickness injury occurs, scar visibility may be minimized through a variety of approaches. In this narrative review, we evaluate the current [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Pediatric patients can acquire scars from both accidental injury and surgical procedures. While scars cannot be avoided if a full-thickness injury occurs, scar visibility may be minimized through a variety of approaches. In this narrative review, we evaluate the current evidence and propose an algorithm for scar management in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: A review of the literature was performed for scar management techniques for pediatric patients. Management modalities based on the type of scar and dosing, treatment regimen, and safety profiles are described in this article and used to create a scar management algorithm. Results: The initial step to scar management in the pediatric population involves ensuring minimal wound tension, which can be achieved through making the incision along relaxed skin tension lines, and early, minimal tension wound closure. Subsequent treatments to optimize scar care should begin 2–3 weeks following wound closure and involve the application of silicone gel or sheets and scar massaging. When topical products are insufficient, laser therapy can be utilized for the management of immature erythematous or thick scars. When mature, pathological scars form such as atrophic scars, hyperpigmentation, hypertrophic scars, or keloids, a combination of modalities is recommended. These modalities vary by scar type and include retinoids and dermabrasion for atrophic scars; retinoids, hydroquinone, and laser therapy for hyperpigmentation; and pressure therapy, corticosteroids, and laser therapy for hypertrophic scars and keloids. When mature, pathological scars persist following 12 months of non-invasive therapies, surgical excision should be considered. Conclusions: Several treatment options are available to manage scars in the pediatric population depending on scar type. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Surgery)
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19 pages, 4237 KiB  
Article
The Characteristic of Muscle Function for Sarcopenia in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Large-Scale Real-World Cross-Sectional Study
by Pei-Wen Jia, Jian-Zi Lin, Yao-Wei Zou, Zhi-Ming Ouyang, Ying Yang, Kui-Min Yang, Liu-Hong Liang, Jin-Yuan Han, Ze-Hong Yang, Jian-Da Ma and Lie Dai
Medicina 2025, 61(4), 551; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61040551 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Sarcopenia is a notable comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), affecting about one third of patients. However, the characteristic of muscle function and its association with RA disease remains unknown. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study collected clinical data [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Sarcopenia is a notable comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), affecting about one third of patients. However, the characteristic of muscle function and its association with RA disease remains unknown. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study collected clinical data from a real-world Chinese RA cohort. Sarcopenia was defined as both myopenia and low muscle function (LMF). Myopenia was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) < 7.0 kg/m2 in men and <5.7 kg/m2 in women. LMF was defined as low muscle strength (LMS, hand grip < 28 kg in men and <18 kg in women) or low physical performance (LPP, 6 m gait speed < 1.0 m/s). Results: Among 1125 RA patients recruited in this study, 928 RA patients were eligible for analysis. The prevalence of sarcopenia, myopenia, LMF, LMS, and LPP in all RA patients was 36.5%, 46.1%, 69.0%, 57.8%, and 37.1%, respectively. According to their trends in age and disease activity, there were 111 (11.9%) patients in the young (age < 50 years) and remission (CDAI ≤ 2.8) subgroup, 199 (21.4%) patients in the young and active (CDAI > 2.8) subgroup, 198 (21.3%) patients in the old (age ≥ 50 years) and remission subgroup, and 420 (45.2%) patients in the old and active subgroup. Compared with the two remission subgroups, respectively, the young and active subgroup had significantly lower grip strength, higher prevalence of sarcopenia, LMF, and LMS, and worse activity function. After adjustment for potential confounders, multivariate multinominal logistic regression analysis showed that the young and active subgroup was positively associated with sarcopenia (OR = 3.193, 95%CI: 1.477–6.899), LMF (OR = 2.390, 95%CI: 1.207–4.731), and LMS (OR = 3.520, 95%CI: 1.743–7.110). Conclusions: Worse muscle strength, rather than reduced physical performance, is more common in patients with active RA at a young age. It underscores the critical need for early identification and intervention of muscle dysfunction to improve their quality of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Hematology and Immunology)
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27 pages, 6794 KiB  
Article
Post-Fire Burned Area Detection Using Machine Learning and Burn Severity Classification with Spectral Indices in İzmir: A SHAP-Driven XAI Approach
by Halil İbrahim Gündüz, Ahmet Tarık Torun and Cemil Gezgin
Fire 2025, 8(4), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8040121 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
This study was conducted to precisely map burned areas in fire-prone forest regions of İzmir and analyze the spatial distribution of wildfires. Using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, burn severity was first classified using the dNBR and dNDVI indices. Subsequently, machine learning (ML) algorithms—RF, XGBoost, [...] Read more.
This study was conducted to precisely map burned areas in fire-prone forest regions of İzmir and analyze the spatial distribution of wildfires. Using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, burn severity was first classified using the dNBR and dNDVI indices. Subsequently, machine learning (ML) algorithms—RF, XGBoost, LightGBM, and AdaBoost—were employed to classify burned and unburned areas. To enhance model performance, hyperparameter optimization was applied, and the results were evaluated using multiple accuracy metrics. This study found that the RF model achieved the highest performance, with an overall accuracy of 98.0% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.960. In comparison, classification based solely on spectral indices resulted in overall accuracies of 86.6% (dNBR) and 81.7% (dNDVI). A key contribution of this study is the integration of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis, which was used to interpret the influence of key spectral and environmental variables in burned area classification. SHAP analysis made the model decision processes transparent and identified dNBR, dNDVI, and SWIR/NIR bands as the most influential variables. Furthermore, spatial analyses confirmed that variations in spectral reflectance across fire-affected regions are critical for accurate burned area delineation, particularly in heterogeneous landscapes. This study provides a scientific framework for post-fire ecosystem restoration, fire management, and disaster strategies, offering decision-makers data-driven and effective intervention strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Fire Science Models, Remote Sensing, and Data)
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15 pages, 2025 KiB  
Article
Advanced Evaluation of Fire Resistance in Spruce Wood (Picea abies spp.) Treated with Innovative Surface Coatings
by Redžo Hasanagić, Selma Mujanić, Eli Keržič, Leila Fathi, Mohsen Bahmani, Mohammad Dahmardeh Ghalehno, Boštjan Lesar and Miha Humar
Fire 2025, 8(4), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8040120 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
This study investigates innovative surface coatings’ effectiveness in enhancing spruce wood’s fire resistance (Picea abies spp.). Spruce wood samples were treated with various agents, including oils, waxes, boric acid, commercial coatings, and fire-retardant agents. The evaluation was conducted using the small flame [...] Read more.
This study investigates innovative surface coatings’ effectiveness in enhancing spruce wood’s fire resistance (Picea abies spp.). Spruce wood samples were treated with various agents, including oils, waxes, boric acid, commercial coatings, and fire-retardant agents. The evaluation was conducted using the small flame method (EN ISO 11925-2:2020), surface roughness analysis, hyperspectral imaging (HSI), and contact angle measurements. The results demonstrated significant improvements in fire resistance for samples treated with specific coatings, particularly the Burn Block spray and Caparol coating, which effectively prevented flame spread. The analysis revealed that the Burn Block spray reduced the average flame height to 6.57 cm, while the Caparol coating achieved a similar effect with an average flame height of 6.95 cm. In contrast, untreated samples exhibited a flame height of 9.34 cm, with boric acid-treated samples reaching up to 12.18 cm. Char depth measurements and the surface roughness analysis revealed a clear correlation between the type of treatment and the thermal stability of the wood. Hyperspectral imaging enabled a detailed visualisation of surface degradation, while contact angle measurements highlighted the impact of hydrophobicity on flammability. This research provides in-depth insights into the fire-retardant mechanisms of spruce wood and offers practical guidelines for developing safer and more sustainable wood materials for the construction industry. Full article
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20 pages, 4324 KiB  
Article
A Secure and Scalable Authentication and Communication Protocol for Smart Grids
by Muhammad Asfand Hafeez, Kazi Hassan Shakib and Arslan Munir
J. Cybersecur. Priv. 2025, 5(2), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5020011 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
The growing adoption of smart grid systems presents significant advancements in the efficiency of energy distribution, along with enhanced monitoring and control capabilities. However, the interconnected and distributed nature of these systems also introduces critical security vulnerabilities that must be addressed. This study [...] Read more.
The growing adoption of smart grid systems presents significant advancements in the efficiency of energy distribution, along with enhanced monitoring and control capabilities. However, the interconnected and distributed nature of these systems also introduces critical security vulnerabilities that must be addressed. This study proposes a secure communication protocol specifically designed for smart grid environments, focusing on authentication, secret key establishment, symmetric encryption, and hash-based message authentication to provide confidentiality and integrity for communication in smart grid environments. The proposed protocol employs the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) for authentication, Elliptic Curve Diffie–Hellman (ECDH) for secure key exchange, and Advanced Encryption Standard 256 (AES-256) encryption to protect data transmissions. The protocol follows a structured sequence: (1) authentication—verifying smart grid devices using digital signatures; (2) key establishment—generating and securely exchanging cryptographic keys; and (3) secure communication—encrypting and transmitting/receiving data. An experimental framework has been established to evaluate the protocol’s performance under realistic operational conditions, assessing metrics such as time, throughput, power, and failure recovery. The experimental results show that the protocol completes one server–client request in 3.469 ms for a desktop client and 41.14 ms for a microcontroller client and achieves a throughput of 288.27 requests/s and 24.30 requests/s, respectively. Furthermore, the average power consumed by the protocol is 37.77 watts. The results also show that the proposed protocol is able to recover from transient network disruptions and sustain secure communication. Full article
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18 pages, 18466 KiB  
Article
An Innovative Method of Monitoring Cotton Aphid Infestation Based on Data Fusion and Multi-Source Remote Sensing Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
by Chenning Ren, Bo Liu, Zhi Liang, Zhonglong Lin, Wei Wang, Xinzheng Wei, Xiaojuan Li and Xiangjun Zou
Drones 2025, 9(4), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9040229 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
Cotton aphids are the primary pests that adversely affect cotton growth, and they also transmit a variety of viral diseases, seriously threatening cotton yield and quality. Although the traditional remote sensing method with a single data source improves the monitoring efficiency to a [...] Read more.
Cotton aphids are the primary pests that adversely affect cotton growth, and they also transmit a variety of viral diseases, seriously threatening cotton yield and quality. Although the traditional remote sensing method with a single data source improves the monitoring efficiency to a certain extent, it has limitations with regard to reflecting the complex distribution characteristics of aphid pests and accurate identification. Accordingly, there is a pressing need for efficient and high-precision UAV remote sensing technology for effective identification and localization. To address the above problems, this study began by presenting a fusion of two kinds of images, namely panchromatic and multispectral images, using Gram–Schmidt image fusion technique to extract multiple vegetation indices and analyze their correlation with aphid damage indices. After fusing the panchromatic and multispectral images, the correlation between vegetation indices and aphid infestation degree was significantly improved, which could more accurately reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of aphid infestation. Subsequently, these machine learning techniques were applied for modeling and evaluation of the performance of multispectral and fused image data. The results of the validation revealed that the GBDT (Gradient-Boosting Decision Tree) model for GLI, RVI, DVI, and SAVI vegetation indices based on the fused data performed the best, with an estimation accuracy of R2 of 0.88 and an RMSE of 0.0918, which was obviously better than that of the other five models, and that the monitoring method of combining fusion of panchromatic and multispectral imagery with the accuracy and efficiency of the GBDT model were noticeably higher than those of single multispectral imaging. The fused panchromatic and multispectral images combined with the GBDT model significantly outperformed the single multispectral image in terms of precision and efficiency. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of image fusion combined with GBDT modeling in cotton aphid pest monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Drones in Agriculture and Forestry)
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18 pages, 22688 KiB  
Article
Combining UAV Photogrammetry and TLS for Change Detection on Slovenian Coastal Cliffs
by Klemen Kregar and Klemen Kozmus Trajkovski
Drones 2025, 9(4), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9040228 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
This article examines the combined use of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry and TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) to detect changes in coastal cliffs in the Strunjan Nature Reserve. Coastal cliffs present unique surveying challenges, including limited access, unstable reference points due to erosion, [...] Read more.
This article examines the combined use of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry and TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) to detect changes in coastal cliffs in the Strunjan Nature Reserve. Coastal cliffs present unique surveying challenges, including limited access, unstable reference points due to erosion, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signal obstruction, dense vegetation, private property restrictions and weak mobile data. To overcome these limitations, UAV and TLS techniques are used with the help of GNSS and TPS (Total Positioning Station) surveying to establish a network of GCPs (Ground Control Points) for georeferencing. The methodology includes several epochs of data collection between 2019 and 2024, using a DJI Phantom 4 RTK for UAV surveys and a Riegl VZ-400 scanner for TLS. The data processing includes point cloud filtering, mesh comparison and a DoD (DEM of difference) analysis to quantify cliff surface changes. This study addresses the effects of vegetation by focusing on vegetation-free regions of interest distributed across the cliff face. The results aim to demonstrate the effectiveness and limitations of both methods for detecting and monitoring cliff erosion and provide valuable insights for coastal management and risk assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drone-Based Photogrammetric Mapping for Change Detection)
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30 pages, 15532 KiB  
Article
Effect of Phosphogypsum Origin and Calcination Temperature on Characteristics of Supersulfated Cements
by Nataliya Alfimova, Ksenia Levickaya, Ivan Nikulin, Mikhail Elistratkin, Natalia Kozhukhova and Nikita Anosov
J. Compos. Sci. 2025, 9(4), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9040146 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
Supersulfated cements (SSCs) are one of the promising binders characterized by low CO2 emissions. A significant advantage of SSC is the possibility of using phosphoanhydrite binders as a sulfate component, obtained by the calcination of phosphogypsum—a waste product of acid and fertilizer [...] Read more.
Supersulfated cements (SSCs) are one of the promising binders characterized by low CO2 emissions. A significant advantage of SSC is the possibility of using phosphoanhydrite binders as a sulfate component, obtained by the calcination of phosphogypsum—a waste product of acid and fertilizer production. The utilization of phosphogypsum is a global problem. Differences in the properties of phosphogypsums from various industrial enterprises are determined by the difference in phosphate rock and the technological mode of production. This gives reason to believe that phosphoanhydrite binders (FABs) will also have differences in properties, which in turn will influence the process of structural formation of SSC. In the article, the effect of FAB produced at calcination temperatures of 600, 800, and 1000 °C using phosphogypsum of two different industrial enterprises was studied. It is established that the morphology and pH value of FAB particles, and the ratio of components in the binder have the greatest influence on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the SSC. The use of FAB with a high pH value (≈12) allows for obtaining free-of-cement SSC, with compressive strengths of up to 50 MPa at the age of 90 days. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Waste to Advance Composite Materials, 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 232 KiB  
Article
Ngā Kare-ā-Roto: Māori Cultural Understandings and Emotional Expression
by Leonie Pihama, Jenny Lee-Morgan, Rangi Matamua, Hineitimoana Greensill and Papahuia Dickson
Genealogy 2025, 9(2), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9020030 - 21 Mar 2025
Abstract
This article ‘Ngā Kare-ā-roto: The Ripples Within’ provides an overview of findings related to Māori views, understanding and expressions of emotions through a Māori cultural lens. One of the key findings from the research project ‘Ngā Kare-ā-roto’ highlighted that emotions are expressed through [...] Read more.
This article ‘Ngā Kare-ā-roto: The Ripples Within’ provides an overview of findings related to Māori views, understanding and expressions of emotions through a Māori cultural lens. One of the key findings from the research project ‘Ngā Kare-ā-roto’ highlighted that emotions are expressed through a range of cultural practices that have served to bring collective understandings to support emotional wellbeing for Māori. At the centre of this research is the revitalisation of ancestral knowledge and practices to support emotional expression. The social and cultural significance of this project is highlighted by Indigenous researchers who have noted the direct relationship of emotions such as grief and trauma to wellbeing. This article provides an outline of kaikōrero (speakers/participants) views on the place of whakataukī (proverbial sayings) in the expression of emotions and emotional states of being. We begin with an overview of the significance of this work to supporting wellbeing and healing. We then move to providing a range of examples that were shared throughout the project that give insights into the ways in which emotions for Māori are framed within our ancestral and cultural understandings, in particular in regards to collective expressions of tikanga (cultural practices) and whakataukī that have been handed down through te reo Māori (Māori language) as sources of knowledge, guidance and learning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genealogical Communities: Community History, Myths, Cultures)
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