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15 pages, 3579 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Farnesol and Octenol on Mycelium Differentiation

by Pablo Sánchez-Rey, Fernando Moro Cordobés, Alina Greslebin, Alejandra L. Pérez and Francisco Kuhar

Appl. Microbiol. 2026, 6(2), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol6020030 (registering DOI) - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

Hyphal systems have been essential for the morphoanatomical characterization of basidiomes and mycelia of aphyllophoroid fungi for taxonomic purposes. They have also been shown to influence the consistency of basidiomes. Recent developments in areas such as mycelium composite production as sustainable materials have [...] Read more.

Hyphal systems have been essential for the morphoanatomical characterization of basidiomes and mycelia of aphyllophoroid fungi for taxonomic purposes. They have also been shown to influence the consistency of basidiomes. Recent developments in areas such as mycelium composite production as sustainable materials have redirected scientists’ attention to these structures, particularly regarding their material resistance, where complex hyphal systems enhance the properties of these composites. Compounds such as farnesol and octenol trigger growth and differentiation processes in many fungal groups, and laccases have been proposed as enzymes involved in these processes, given their roles in the synthesis of cell wall pigments and other cell wall components. Given the easily quantifiable differences in hyphal knots and dimitic mycelium between Fuscoporia torulosa and Inocutis tamaricis, we employed them as models to study their responses to these compounds, thereby helping fill the knowledge gap in the modulation of macrofungal mycelial differentiation. A variable effect was observed on laccase induction, while radial growth was reduced by octenol by up to 83% in F. torulosa and 65% in I. tamaricis, and by farnesol by up to 80% in I. tamaricis, showing slight effects on F. torulosa. Reductions of up to 100% were observed in the combination of high doses of both chemicals. Full article

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12 pages, 1201 KB

Open AccessArticle

Low Testosterone and Sperm Quality Alterations: A Prospective Study of Sperm DNA Fragmentation and Chromatin Condensation in Infertile Men

by Asmaa Serbouti, Kenza Berrada, Samy Housbane, Noureddine Louanjli and Rachid Aboutaieb

Biology 2026, 15(3), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15030287 (registering DOI) - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

(1) Background: Testosterone plays a key role in spermatogenesis and in maintaining semen quality and sperm DNA integrity. Consequently, reduced testosterone levels may disrupt these processes and contribute to male infertility. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of low testosterone levels on [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Testosterone plays a key role in spermatogenesis and in maintaining semen quality and sperm DNA integrity. Consequently, reduced testosterone levels may disrupt these processes and contribute to male infertility. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of low testosterone levels on semen parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation, and chromatin condensation; (2) Methods: This was a prospective study that included 214 men aged 25–45 years undergoing infertility evaluation. Participants were classified into two groups according to serum testosterone levels: low testosterone and normal testosterone. Total testosterone was determined using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Semen analysis was carried out according to the WHO 2021 guidelines. The DNA fragmentation index was assessed using the TUNEL assay. The sperm decondensation index was evaluated by aniline blue staining; (3) Results: Men with low serum total testosterone levels (<2.64 ng/mL) exhibited significantly impaired semen parameters compared with those with normal testosterone levels. Serum total testosterone was positively correlated with sperm concentration (rs = 0.43, p < 0.001), total motility (rs = 0.20, p = 0.005), normal morphology (rs = 0.25, p < 0.001), and sperm vitality (rs = 0.173, p = 0.014). In contrast, testosterone levels were negatively correlated with the DNA fragmentation index (rs = −0.221, p = 0.0017) and the chromatin decondensation index (rs = −0.19, p = 0.0086). A higher proportion of pathological DFI (>15%) was observed in the low testosterone group. (4) Conclusions: These findings support the essential role of testosterone in sustaining spermatogenesis, semen quality, and sperm DNA integrity and highlight the crucial importance of testosterone assessment in the diagnosis and pathophysiological understanding of male infertility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers on Developmental and Reproductive Biology)

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18 pages, 10482 KB

Open AccessArticle

Disruption of Calcium Homeostasis in Human Spermatozoa: Implications on Mitochondrial Bioenergetics, ROS Production, Phosphatidylserine Externalization, and Motility

by Anita Bravo, Ignacio Jofré-Fernández, Rodrigo Boguen, Raúl Sánchez, Fabiola Zambrano and Pamela Uribe

Antioxidants 2026, 15(2), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15020213 (registering DOI) - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

The etiology of male infertility is linked to oxidative stress, which is an imbalance caused by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can negatively impact sperm function. It is known that a strong stimulus to induce excessive ROS production by spermatozoa [...] Read more.

The etiology of male infertility is linked to oxidative stress, which is an imbalance caused by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can negatively impact sperm function. It is known that a strong stimulus to induce excessive ROS production by spermatozoa is an intracellular calcium (Ca²⁺) overload; however, the link between Ca²⁺ dysregulation, ROS production, and impaired sperm function is still an area requiring further research. This investigation aimed to characterize the intracellular Ca²⁺ overload detrimental effects on human sperm quality. The intracellular Ca²⁺ overload was achieved by dose-dependent incubation with ionomycin, followed by analysis of key functional sperm parameters. Ca²⁺ overload caused an increase in cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS production, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reduction in ATP content, cAMP levels, and motility. Furthermore, Ca²⁺ overload promoted phosphatidylserine externalization and a decrease in sperm viability. This study provides novel insights into the interplay between ROS and Ca²⁺ signaling, highlighting that disruption of homeostasis induces OS, leading to impairment of sperm quality. These findings not only contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying male infertility but also provide an in vitro model for future research aimed at optimizing human sperm quality in patients with seminal OS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Oxidative Stress in Male Infertility)

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8 pages, 1284 KB

Open AccessBrief Report

Individualized Evaluation on Suspicion of Fibrotic Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis: Real-World Experience from a Referral Center in Denmark

by Eva Efsen Dahl, Gro Linno Willemoe, Mark Berner-Hansen and Frank Vinholt Schiødt

J. Pers. Med. 2026, 16(2), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16020095 (registering DOI) - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: New guidelines for management of metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients recommend an individualized medicine approach mainly targeting patients with fibrotic metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and metabolic risk factors for progression of disease. This cohort study reports real-world experience for the individual evaluation [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: New guidelines for management of metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients recommend an individualized medicine approach mainly targeting patients with fibrotic metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and metabolic risk factors for progression of disease. This cohort study reports real-world experience for the individual evaluation and final diagnosis of patients on suspicion of fibrotic MASH according to standardized international criteria. We aimed to identify patients with significant fibrosis (F2–F4). Methods: Adult patients with metabolic syndrome and/or elevated alanine aminotransferases (ALT > 50) referred in a 5-year period (2018–2022) on suspicion of fibrotic MASH were included. Medical history, anthropometric measurements, and routine (blood tests, ultrasound) and specific examinations were applied. Liver biopsy was offered for definite diagnosis and to evaluate MASLD characteristics. Patient demographics and characteristics as well as the absolute number and proportion of patients with definite MASLD and fibrotic MASH are reported. Results: A total of 137 adult patients were included. Ten percent of patients were evaluated without liver biopsy and diagnosed with chronic liver diseases other than MASLD. Liver-biopsied patients (n = 123) had a mean age (SD) of 49 (14) years, and 50% were males. Overweight or obesity was present in 94%, dyslipidemia in 74%, hypertension in 40%, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in 34%. Of all 137 patients, 104 (76%) were diagnosed with definite MASLD and 80 (58%) with definite MASH. A total of 74 (54%) patients had definite fibrotic MASH, while 41 (30%) had significant (F2–4) fibrotic MASH. Eight patients (6%) had cirrhotic (F4) MASH. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that patients with type 2 diabetes, older age, and higher BMI were associated with an apparent increased risk of F2–F4 fibrosis. Conclusions: The majority of referred patients had cardiometabolic–hepatic metabolic risk factors and were diagnosed with definite MASLD. More than half of these were diagnosed with fibrotic MASH. Older age, type 2 diabetes, and higher BMI were apparent risk factors for MASH F2–F4 fibrosis. We conclude that the individual cardiovascular–hepatic risk profile applied supports the new guidelines and may be useful for referral and further evaluation at expert care centers in a real-world setting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liver Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment in the Era of Personalized Medicine)

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20 pages, 558 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Impact of Insurtech on Insurance Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review

by Farai Borden Mushonga and Syden Mishi

J. Risk Financial Manag. 2026, 19(2), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm19020122 (registering DOI) - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

Changing risk dynamics and the demand for more personalized, technology-driven services have spurred innovation in insurance through Insurtech, reshaping how insurance is supplied, purchased, and managed. This paper systematically reviews the impact of Insurtech on insurance inclusion, guided by the PRISMA-P protocol. The [...] Read more.

Changing risk dynamics and the demand for more personalized, technology-driven services have spurred innovation in insurance through Insurtech, reshaping how insurance is supplied, purchased, and managed. This paper systematically reviews the impact of Insurtech on insurance inclusion, guided by the PRISMA-P protocol. The review finds strong evidence that Insurtech enhances insurance inclusion by lowering transaction costs, improving accessibility, and broadening market participation. These effects are most visible in short-term insurance, where digital platforms and tailored products reach previously underserved populations. Beyond this primary finding, the review highlights how insurance inclusion is conceptualized and measured in the literature. Quantitative measures typically include penetration rates, density, and the proportion of households with insurance coverage, while broader indices account for availability, usage, and accessibility of insurance services. Qualitative approaches often emphasize mismatches between the products offered and those needed, particularly for vulnerable groups. Similarly, studies of Insurtech adopt both demand-side indicators (such as product uptake and coverage per user) and supply-side measures (including patents, capital inflows, and innovation outputs). These insights suggest that fostering Insurtech development, while addressing regulatory, access, and equity concerns, can significantly improve insurance inclusion and narrow protection gaps. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue InsurTech Development and Insurance Inclusion)

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21 pages, 497 KB

Open AccessArticle

Entrepreneurial Performance of New Ventures in the Sustainable Open Innovation Paradigm

by Fernando Almeida

Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(2), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16020082 (registering DOI) - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

The entrepreneurial performance of new ventures operating within the sustainable open innovation paradigm remains underexplored, particularly in terms of how specific sustainability-oriented practices translate into measurable performance outcomes. Prior research has largely examined sustainability, entrepreneurship, and open innovation in isolation, offering limited empirical [...] Read more.

The entrepreneurial performance of new ventures operating within the sustainable open innovation paradigm remains underexplored, particularly in terms of how specific sustainability-oriented practices translate into measurable performance outcomes. Prior research has largely examined sustainability, entrepreneurship, and open innovation in isolation, offering limited empirical evidence on their combined effects at the early venture stage. To address this gap, this study analyzes panel data from 407 new ventures incubated in science and technology parks, employing regression-based panel data analysis to examine the relationships between sustainable practices, open innovation engagement, and entrepreneurial performance. The findings suggest that new ventures widely adopt sustainable materials and energy as key strategies, which significantly influence entrepreneurial performance. In contrast, support from local communities does not have a statistically significant impact. Among the sociodemographic factors tested, only the number of years participating in open innovation networks shows a significant effect on entrepreneurial performance. Theoretically, this study advances sustainable open innovation literature by empirically integrating sustainability practices into entrepreneurship performance models. From a managerial perspective, the findings offer actionable insights for entrepreneurs and incubator managers, highlighting which sustainability strategies and network engagements are most likely to yield performance benefits in new ventures. Full article

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17 pages, 442 KB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Activity Prevalence and Sex-Associated Factors Among University Students During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Tatiana Luz, Leonardo G. O. Luz, Bruno Giudicelli, Geraldo Neto, Liliana Baptista and Raul Martins

Sports 2026, 14(2), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports14020070 (registering DOI) - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

The study investigated the prevalence of students meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations and factors associated with MVPA during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 4059 university students (2200 females [F]) during the lockdown using an [...] Read more.

The study investigated the prevalence of students meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations and factors associated with MVPA during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 4059 university students (2200 females [F]) during the lockdown using an electronic form. PA was assessed using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). Independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge to perform PA, pre-pandemic PA, sedentary behavior (SB), and health self-reports related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, 56% of students met MVPA recommendations (males [M]: 57.7%, F: 54.3%; χ² = 4.703, p = 0.030). Knowledge to perform PA (M: OR = 3.012, 95% CI: 2.413–3.759; F: OR = 2.948, 95% CI: 2.444–3.556) and being physically active before the pandemic (M: OR = 2.651, 95% CI: 2.060–3.412; F: OR = 1.459, 95% CI: 1.079–1.974) increased the likelihood that students attained the MVPA recommendations. In contrast, longer daily exposure to SB was negatively associated with MVPA in both sexes. In this context, the present findings reinforce the relevance of universities as strategic settings for the promotion of PA in middle-income countries, where social and economic vulnerabilities may exacerbate the long-term consequences of physical inactivity. Full article

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17 pages, 302 KB

Open AccessArticle

“Lest Mysteries of Such Greatness Come to the Greeks”—Divine Revelation and Distorted Teachings in Hermetica

by Endre Ádám Hamvas

Religions 2026, 17(2), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17020197 (registering DOI) - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

Interpretations of the circumstances that formed the development of the Hermetic texts are still to be debated. However, these difficulties are not only philological in nature but also address the revelatory quality of the texts. The author of the sixteenth dialogue of the [...] Read more.

Interpretations of the circumstances that formed the development of the Hermetic texts are still to be debated. However, these difficulties are not only philological in nature but also address the revelatory quality of the texts. The author of the sixteenth dialogue of the Corpus Hermeticum (CH) diminishes his work by claiming that the teachings contained in the treatise would actually only be understood properly if it were in the Egyptian language, not in its current form, Greek, because the Greek language is not able to reveal the truth conveyed by the divine power of the Egyptian language, but is only useful for logical debates and joking. The role of the written word, as well as its connection to oral initiation in Hermetism, is examined first in this paper. Second, we look at how the book and Egyptian writing mediating the teachings is portrayed as a sacred item in Hermetic initiation texts, as well as its importance in the initiation process. Finally, we examine the peculiar claim of the author of the sixteenth treatise of Corpus Hermeticum that, despite all this, it is possible to misuse Hermetic texts if they are translated, specifically, into the Greek language in which we can read most of them today. In studying CH XVI, I propose that Hermetic authors try to retain the famous character of the works by highlighting their Egyptian origin. They claim that Hermetic teachings can only lead to initiation in their original form but if they are translated into any language, they lose their divine power. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Peccata Lectionis)

19 pages, 466 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Relevance of Expected Shortfall Models in Different Time Window Sizes

by Marcelo Fukui and Leonardo Fernando Cruz Basso

Int. J. Financial Stud. 2026, 14(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs14020042 (registering DOI) - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

Risk management has become increasingly important in the financial world. Considering its importance, it is necessary to measure these risks. The financial market uses two risk measures: Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES). After the subprime crisis, the market began to [...] Read more.

Risk management has become increasingly important in the financial world. Considering its importance, it is necessary to measure these risks. The financial market uses two risk measures: Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES). After the subprime crisis, the market began to emphasize ES instead of VaR. The hypothesis of this paper to be tested is that longer periods provide better information than shorter, more recent periods for measuring ES volatility to hedge trades. The ES can be adopted using parametric, semi-parametric, and non-parametric methods, and the analyses of the log return indicators started on 3 January 2000 and ended on 5 May 2023. The analyses carried out to evaluate these log return indicators covered the period from 6 May 2023 to 1 August 2025, where it was found that the exchange rate volatility of the Brazilian Real exceeded the VaR limits and even reached the Expected Shortfall risk zone. Then, a different analysis was performed, starting on 11 March 2020 and ending on 5 May 2023. This second analysis, as the first analysis, was carried out to evaluate these log return indicators that covered the period from 6 May 2023 to 1 August 2025. In this latest period analysis, the exchange rate volatility of the Brazilian Real reached the Exchange Shortfall risk zone in a different way compared to the first way. All three types of methods—parametric, non-parametric, and semi-parametric—show distinct behaviors depending on the period evaluated. The hypothesis was rejected, but the hedging strategies should account for asset volatility. The software used to calculate the estimators was Microsoft Excel 365 and Stata 14.2. Full article

10 pages, 2460 KB

Open AccessArticle

Prognostic Significance of Immune Checkpoint Markers in Prognosis of Grade 3 Endometrioid Carcinoma

by Emine Kilic Bagir, Umran Kucukgoz Gulec, Semra Paydas, Ahmet Baris Guzel, Mehmet Ali Vardar, Gulsah Seydaoglu and Derya Gumurdulu

Medicina 2026, 62(2), 327; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62020327 (registering DOI) - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Uterine FIGO grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma (EC) is an uncommon but aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer with limited biomarker data to guide prognosis and management. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Uterine FIGO grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma (EC) is an uncommon but aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer with limited biomarker data to guide prognosis and management. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor tissue (TT) and tumor microenvironment (TME). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed tumor samples from 53 patients with FIGO grade 3 EC. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in TT and TME. Clinicopathological data including age, stage, lymph node invasion (LNI), lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), depth of myometrial invasion (MI), adjuvant therapy, and survival outcomes were collected. Survival analyses were conducted using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: PD-1 expression was identified in 34% of TT and 41.5% of TME, while PD-L1 was expressed in 22.6% of TT and 34% of TME. Except for PD-1 in TME, positive expression of these immune checkpoint molecules correlated with significantly shorter survival (log-rank p < 0.05) outcomes. In univariate analysis, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in TT, deep MI, LNI and LVSI were associated with adverse outcomes. Multivariate analysis confirmed PD-1 and PD-L1 positivity in TT as independent prognostic factors (PD-1: HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4–7.0; PD-L1: HR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4–7.8). Patients with concurrent PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in TT showed the poorest overall survival, suggesting a cumulative negative effect. Conclusions: PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue are independent predictors of poor prognosis in FIGO grade 3 EC. These findings support their role as clinically relevant biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Incorporating checkpoint evaluation into routine pathological assessment could improve prognostic accuracy and guide treatment strategies, particularly in high-risk patients who might benefit from immunotherapy approaches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Obstetrics and Gynecology)

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21 pages, 379 KB

Open AccessArticle

Inclusive Education in Context: A Comparative Analysis of Support Systems for Disabled Students in Pakistani and Kenyan Universities

by Muhammad Qasim Rana, Angela Lee and Lekan Damilola Ojo

Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(2), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16020081 (registering DOI) - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

The pursuit of disabled students’ inclusion in higher education remains a significant global concern, particularly in developing nations where systemic and institutional barriers persist. Despite progressive legislative and policy frameworks promoting inclusive education, Kenyan and Pakistani universities continue to encounter structural, financial, and [...] Read more.

The pursuit of disabled students’ inclusion in higher education remains a significant global concern, particularly in developing nations where systemic and institutional barriers persist. Despite progressive legislative and policy frameworks promoting inclusive education, Kenyan and Pakistani universities continue to encounter structural, financial, and attitudinal challenges that hinder equal participation in learning and research for disabled students. This study aims to identify, analyze, and prioritize the complementary support strategies necessary for disabled students’ inclusion in learning and research opportunities in both Kenyan and Pakistani higher education institutions. Employing a quantitative research design, data were gathered through structured questionnaires distributed among disabled students in institutions of higher learning. The data were analyzed using the fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) approach, which integrates fuzzy logic with descriptive statistics to objectively determine the weight, level of agreement, and internal consistency of the identified support strategies. Among the six support strategies, Physical Facility Support emerged as the most crucial in Pakistan, followed by Attitudinal and Community Support. On the other hand, the Kenyan group indicated Policies and Advocacy as the most essential support strategy for disabled students’ inclusion in higher education. The findings underscore that the two countries differ in how they prioritize support strategies for the inclusion of students with disabilities. This study contributes theoretically by advancing the application of the FSE model within inclusion research, offering a rigorous, data-driven framework for understanding multidimensional support strategies for disabled students. Full article

12 pages, 259 KB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Cooperative Principle in Cross-Cultural Contexts: A Corpus-Based Pragmatic Study of International Students Learning Romanian

by Gabriel Dan Barbulet and Andra Iulia Ursa

Languages 2026, 11(2), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages11020029 (registering DOI) - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

This study examines how international students learning Romanian interpret and apply the Cooperative Principle in everyday and academic interaction. The research is grounded in the observation that pragmatic competence often develops unevenly in second-language learning, particularly in multilingual environments where learners rely on [...] Read more.

This study examines how international students learning Romanian interpret and apply the Cooperative Principle in everyday and academic interaction. The research is grounded in the observation that pragmatic competence often develops unevenly in second-language learning, particularly in multilingual environments where learners rely on norms carried over from their first language. To investigate these dynamics, a small spoken and written corpus was compiled from classroom activities, recorded peer interactions, and informal conversations with students enrolled in Romanian language courses. The data were annotated for instances of maxim observance, weakening, and flouting, as well as for implicatures that required contextual inference. The analysis shows recurring patterns of pragmatic transfer, especially in the interpretation of relevance and quantity, and highlights areas where learners systematically misinterpret or underproduce implicatures. Several examples also reveal successful adaptation to Romanian communicative expectations, suggesting that exposure to diverse interactional settings supports the refinement of pragmatic cues. The findings contribute to a clearer understanding of how the Cooperative Principle operates in cross-cultural learning contexts and point to practical implications for teaching Romanian as a foreign language. Full article

34 pages, 6955 KB

Open AccessArticle

Seasonal Inflow Shifts and Increasing Hot–Dry Stress for Eagle Mountain Lake Reservoir, Texas: SWAT Modeling with Downscaled CMIP6 Daily Climate and Observed Operations

by Gehendra Kharel, Daniel A. Ayejoto, Brendan L. Lavy, Michele Birmingham, Tapos K. Chakraborty, Md Simoon Nice and Portia Asare

Hydrology 2026, 13(2), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology13020063 (registering DOI) - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

Climate change can alter both the amount and timing of inflows to water supply reservoirs while also increasing heat-driven demand and the likelihood of stressful warm-season conditions. Climate-driven changes in inflow to Eagle Mountain Lake Reservoir (Texas, USA) were quantified by integrating (i) [...] Read more.

Climate change can alter both the amount and timing of inflows to water supply reservoirs while also increasing heat-driven demand and the likelihood of stressful warm-season conditions. Climate-driven changes in inflow to Eagle Mountain Lake Reservoir (Texas, USA) were quantified by integrating (i) a calibrated SWAT model evaluated at four USGS stream gauges, (ii) statistically downscaled CMIP6 daily precipitation and minimum/maximum temperature at seven stations/grid points for a historical baseline (2003–2022) and two future windows (2031–2050 and 2081–2100) under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5, and (iii) observed reservoir operations (lake level, water supply releases, and flood discharge; 1990–2022). A standard watershed climate workflow is reframed through an operations-focused lens, wherein projected inflow changes are translated into decision-relevant indicators via the utilization of observed thresholds and operating mode signals. Included within this framework are spring refill-season inflow shifts, a hot–dry month metric, and storage threshold performance measures, which are coupled with screening-level probabilities linked to multi-year inflow deficits. Across models and stations, mean annual temperature increases by 0.7–1.9 °C in the 2030s and by 0.7–6.1 °C in the 2080s, while annual precipitation changes remain uncertain (−24% to +55%). Daily projections show a strong increase in extreme heat days (daily Tmax above the historical 95th percentile), from about 18 days yr⁻¹ historically to about 30–33 days yr⁻¹ in the 2030s and about 34–82 days yr⁻¹ by the 2080s. Hot–dry months (monthly mean Tmax above the historical 90th percentile and monthly precipitation below the historical median) increase modestly by mid-century and rise to about 1.5 months yr⁻¹ on average by the 2080s under SSP5-8.5. SWAT simulations indicate that the mean annual inflow declines by 17–20% across scenarios, with the largest reductions during the spring refill period (March–June). Historical operations show that hot–dry months are associated with approximately double the mean water supply release (7.2 vs. 3.5 m³/s) and a lower monthly minimum lake level (about 0.30 m; about 1.0 ft lower on average). Flood discharges occur almost exclusively when lake elevation is at or above about 197.8 m and follow multi-day rainfall clusters (cross-validated AUC = 0.99). Together, these results indicate that earlier-season inflow reductions and more frequent hot–dry stress will tighten the operational margin between refill, summer demand, and flood management, underscoring the need for adaptive drought response triggers and integrated drought–flood planning for the Dallas–Fort Worth region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Resources Management Under Uncertainty and Climate Change (Second Edition))

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17 pages, 1062 KB

Open AccessArticle

Systemic Inflammatory and Hematological Profiles in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Study from a Senegalese Cohort

by Nènè Oumou Kesso Barry, Mamadou Sow, Pape Matar Kandji, Ndeye Khady Ngom, Moustapha Djité, Mouhamad Sy, Salif Baldé, Ulrich Igor Mbessoh Kengne, Amacoumba Fall, Siny Ndiaye, Ndeye Marème Thioune, Jaafar Thiam, Amadi Amadou Sow, Fidèle Kiema, Cheikh Tidiane Gassama, Simbi Celestin Kitungwga, Yacine Mbacke, Marième Guetti, Marie Masesi Lusasi, Fatou Gueye Tall, El Hadj Malick Ndour, Amy Gaye, Aboubacar Dit Tietie Bissan, Mariama Touré, Aïta Sène, Assiatou Barry, Saikou Oumar Diallo, Dominique Doupa, Najah Fatou Coly, Cherif Dial, Ahmadou Dem, Sidy Ka, Pascal Reynier and Papa Madieye Gueye Show full author list Hide full author list

Diagnostics 2026, 16(3), 494; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16030494 (registering DOI) - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype associated with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Inflammatory and hematological biomarkers have emerged as potential tools for disease characterization, particularly in low-resource settings. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype associated with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Inflammatory and hematological biomarkers have emerged as potential tools for disease characterization, particularly in low-resource settings. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted between July 2022 and February 2024 at Dalal Jamm Hospital in Dakar, Senegal, and included 120 women: 40 with TNBC, 40 with hormone-dependent breast cancer (HDBC), and 40 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected at diagnosis before any treatment to measure complete blood counts and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Inflammatory ratios—neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)—were calculated. Results: TNBC patients displayed a distinct inflammatory profile characterized by elevated neutrophil counts, CRP, NLR, and MLR, as well as reduced lymphocyte and basophil percentages compared to healthy controls. NLR > 1.12 demonstrated strong discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.847; sensitivity 90%; specificity 65%). Differences between TNBC and HDBC were less pronounced, except for CRP and basophil levels. Multivariate analysis confirmed independent associations of elevated NLR, CRP, and neutrophils with TNBC. Conclusions: These findings provide new insights into the inflammatory and hematological characteristics of TNBC in this population and support further investigation of accessible biomarkers for early disease stratification in similar settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis)

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20 pages, 252 KB

Open AccessArticle

Transcultural Journeys of Indian Christian Women Religious: Challenges and Negotiation Strategies

by Sharal T. Correa and Neeta Inamdar

Religions 2026, 17(2), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17020196 (registering DOI) - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

The complex fabric of global cultures, shaped by multireligious, multicultural, and multilingual exchanges, encourages cross-cultural involvement and interchange among many groups. This diversity encourages shared appreciation and the pursuit of universal human goals, thereby promoting harmonious interactions. The Indian Christian women religious, specifically, [...] Read more.

The complex fabric of global cultures, shaped by multireligious, multicultural, and multilingual exchanges, encourages cross-cultural involvement and interchange among many groups. This diversity encourages shared appreciation and the pursuit of universal human goals, thereby promoting harmonious interactions. The Indian Christian women religious, specifically, embody such a dynamic, as their vocational duties frequently involve movement and subsequent integration into multiple contexts of culture, fostering cross-border interactions and exchanges. This qualitative research examines the transcultural encounters of Christian women religious from Karnataka, India, who frequently move within the country as well as overseas, in fulfillment of their pastoral responsibilities. Utilizing the transcultural framework, the study employs dialogical narrative analysis approach to identify the voices of Christian women religious situated in the in-depth interviews with six Roman Catholic nuns and Protestant women priests. The findings demonstrate how the Christian women religious actively negotiate their cultural identities, adopt coping mechanisms, and integrate into the society at large. The study reveals the transformational effects of cross-cultural contacts in multicultural, multilingual, and multireligious settings, allowing for a deeper understanding of the intricate intersection between culture, mobility, and identity. It divulges how mobility further contributes to the negotiation of cultural identities and fosters transculturality, highlighting how adaptable and dynamic cultural identities are when relocation occurs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue “Searching for a Better Life with My Community”: Migratory Trends in Religious-Based Social Net-Works)

33 pages, 7817 KB

Open AccessArticle

Compressive Response and Energy Absorption of Additively Manufactured Elastomers with Varied Simple Cubic Architectures

by Lindsey B. Bezek, Sushan Nakarmi, Jeffery A. Leiding, Nitin P. Daphalapurkar, Santosh Adhikari and Kwan-Soo Lee

Polymers 2026, 18(3), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18030420 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Additive manufacturing, and particularly the vat photopolymerization process, enables the fabrication of complex geometries at high resolution and small length scales, making it well-suited for fabricating cellular structures (e.g., foams and lattices). Among these, elastomeric cellular structures are of growing interest due to [...] Read more.

Additive manufacturing, and particularly the vat photopolymerization process, enables the fabrication of complex geometries at high resolution and small length scales, making it well-suited for fabricating cellular structures (e.g., foams and lattices). Among these, elastomeric cellular structures are of growing interest due to their tunable compliance and energy dissipation. However, comprehensive data on the compressive behavior of these structures remains limited, especially for investigating the structure-property effects from changing the density and distribution of material within the cellular structure. This study explores how the mechanical response of polyurethane-based simple cubic structures changes when varying volume fraction, unit cell length, and unit cell patterning, which have not been systematically investigated previously in additively manufactured elastomers. Increasing volume fraction from 10% to 50% yielded significant changes in compressive stress–strain performance (decreasing strain at 0.5 MPa by 41.6% and increasing energy absorption density by 3962.5%). Although changing the unit cell length between 2.5 and 7 mm in ~30 mm parts did not result in statistically different stress–strain responses, modifying the configuration of struts of different thicknesses across designs with 30% volume fraction altered the stress–strain behavior (differences of 12.5% in strain at 0.5 MPa and 109.4% for energy absorption density). Power law relationships were developed to understand the interactions between volume fraction, unit cell length, and elastic modulus, and experimental data showed strong fits (R² > 0.91). These findings enhance the understanding of how multiple structural design aspects influence the performance of elastomeric cellular materials, providing a foundation for informing strategic design of tailorable materials for diverse mechanical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Additive Manufacturing Technology of Polymer-Based Composites)

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20 pages, 1817 KB

Open AccessArticle

Ecological, Economic, and Social Sustainability of the Puspa and Cardamom Agroforestry System in Gunung Walat Educational Forest (HPGW), Indonesia

by Omo Rusdiana, Rayhan Sulthan Nainawa, Nina Mindawati and Yayat Hidayat

Forests 2026, 17(2), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/f17020220 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

This study aims to assess the sustainability of an agroforestry system integrating Schima wallichii (puspa) and Amomum cardamomum (cardamom) within the Gunung Walat Educational Forest—IPB University Educational Forest (HPGW), Indonesia, by applying the RAP-AFS (Rapid Appraisal Technique for Evaluating Agroforestry Sustainability) approach. The [...] Read more.

This study aims to assess the sustainability of an agroforestry system integrating Schima wallichii (puspa) and Amomum cardamomum (cardamom) within the Gunung Walat Educational Forest—IPB University Educational Forest (HPGW), Indonesia, by applying the RAP-AFS (Rapid Appraisal Technique for Evaluating Agroforestry Sustainability) approach. The assessment was conducted across four key dimensions: ecological, economic, social, and institutional. The findings suggest that the overall sustainability of the agroforestry system in HPGW is moderately good, with a sustainability index value of 55.94. The social and ecological dimensions performed particularly well, scoring 67.51 and 61.43, respectively. The economic dimension achieved an index score of 55.45, although price fluctuations and reliance on middlemen continue to pose challenges. Meanwhile, the institutional dimension showed the lowest performance, with an index value of 39.37, underscoring the need to enhance institutional support, capacity building, and extension services to strengthen sustainability. In light of these findings, it is recommended to prioritize strengthening institutional frameworks, stabilizing market prices, and expanding soil conservation practices, alongside promoting greater social participation, to ensure the long-term sustainability of the agroforestry system in this region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forest Management: Silvicultural Practices and Management Strategies)

24 pages, 2423 KB

Open AccessArticle

YOLO-CSB: A Model for Real-Time and Accurate Detection and Localization of Occluded Apples in Complex Orchard Environments

by Yunxiao Pan, Yiwen Chen, Xing Tong, Mengfei Liu, Anxiang Huang, Meng Zhou and Yaohua Hu

Agronomy 2026, 16(3), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16030390 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Apples are cultivated over a large global area with high yields, and efficient robotic harvesting requires accurate detection and localization, particularly in complex orchard environments where occlusion by leaves and fruits poses substantial challenges. To address this, we proposed a YOLO-CSB model-based method [...] Read more.

Apples are cultivated over a large global area with high yields, and efficient robotic harvesting requires accurate detection and localization, particularly in complex orchard environments where occlusion by leaves and fruits poses substantial challenges. To address this, we proposed a YOLO-CSB model-based method for apple detection and localization, designed to overcome occlusion and enhance the efficiency and accuracy of mechanized harvesting. Firstly, a comprehensive apple dataset was constructed, encompassing various lighting conditions and leaf obstructions, to train the model. Subsequently, the YOLO-CSB model, built upon YOLO11s, was developed with improvements including the integration of a lightweight CSFC Block to reconstruct the backbone, making the model more lightweight; the SEAM component is introduced to improve feature restoration in areas with occlusions, complemented by the efficient BiFPN approach to boost detection precision. Additionally, a 3D positioning technique integrating YOLO-CSB with an RGB-D camera is presented. Validation was conducted via ablation analyses, comparative tests, and 3D localization accuracy assessments in controlled laboratory and structured orchard settings, The YOLO-CSB model demonstrated effectiveness in apple target recognition and localization, with notable advantages under leaf and fruit occlusion conditions. Compared to the baseline YOLO11s model, YOLO-CSB improved mAP by 3.02% and reduced the parameter count by 3.19%. Against mainstream object detection models, YOLO-CSB exhibited significant advantages in detection accuracy and model size, achieving a mAP of 93.69%, precision of 88.82%, recall of 87.58%, and a parameter count of only 9.11 M. The detection accuracy in laboratory settings reached 100%, with average localization errors of 4.15 mm, 3.96 mm, and 4.02 mm in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. This method effectively addresses complex occlusion environments, enabling efficient detection and precise localization of apples, providing reliable technical support for mechanized harvesting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Precision and Digital Agriculture)

34 pages, 978 KB

Open AccessReview

Nrf2-Activating Natural Compounds in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Targeting Oxidative Stress and Protein Aggregation

by Lucia Chico, Erika Schirinzi, Linda Balestrini, Maico Polzella and Gabriele Siciliano

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1592; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031592 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are among the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide and are characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis involving interconnected mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, protein misfolding and aggregation, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dysregulation of transcription factors, governing cellular defense responses, particularly [...] Read more.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are among the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide and are characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis involving interconnected mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, protein misfolding and aggregation, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dysregulation of transcription factors, governing cellular defense responses, particularly nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key regulator of antioxidant and proteostatic pathways, plays a critical role in neurodegenerative processes. Currently, available pharmacological treatments for NDs are largely symptomatic, as no disease-modifying therapies exist. Natural bioactive compounds have emerged as promising multi-target agents, demonstrating antioxidant, anti-aggregative, and anti-apoptotic properties, frequently mediated through activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathways. These compounds may represent valuable supportive strategies alongside conventional drug treatments, potentially contributing to the modulation of multiple pathogenic mechanisms. This review summarizes key oxidative stress- and protein aggregation-driven mechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease. It further examines the neuroprotective potential of plant-, fungi-, and marine-derived natural compounds, with particular emphasis on Nrf2 activation. Beyond redox regulation, the broader role of Nrf2 in maintaining proteostasis is discussed. Overall, the review highlights Nrf2-inducing nutraceuticals as promising complementary, multi-target approaches for neuroprotection in NDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Disease Treatment)

20 pages, 767 KB

Open AccessArticle

Semantic Search for System Dynamics Models Using Vector Embeddings in a Cloud Microservices Environment

by Pavel Kyurkchiev, Anton Iliev and Nikolay Kyurkchiev

Future Internet 2026, 18(2), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi18020086 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Efficient retrieval of mathematical and structural similarities in System Dynamics models remains a significant challenge for traditional lexical systems, which often fail to capture the contextual dependencies of simulation processes. This paper presents an architectural approach and implementation of a semantic search module [...] Read more.

Efficient retrieval of mathematical and structural similarities in System Dynamics models remains a significant challenge for traditional lexical systems, which often fail to capture the contextual dependencies of simulation processes. This paper presents an architectural approach and implementation of a semantic search module integrated into an existing cloud-based modeling and simulation system. The proposed method employs a strategy for serializing graph structures into textual descriptions, followed by the generation of vector embeddings via local ONNX inference and indexing within a vector database (Qdrant). Experimental validation performed on a diverse corpus of complex dynamic models, compares the proposed approach against traditional information retrieval methods (Full-Text Search, Keyword Search in PostgreSQL, and Apache Lucene with Standard and BM25 scoring). The results demonstrate the distinct advantage of semantic search, achieving high precision (over 90%) within the scope of the evaluated corpus and effectively eliminating information noise. In comparison, keyword search exhibited only 24.8% precision with a significant rate of false positives, while standard full-text analysis failed to identify relevant models for complex conceptual queries (0 results). Despite a recorded increase in latency (~2 s), the study proves that the vector-based approach is a significantly more robust solution for detecting hidden semantic connections in mathematical model databases, providing a foundation for future developments toward multi-vector indexing strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Agents and Their Application)

25 pages, 2174 KB

Open AccessArticle

Space-Time Reduced Element for Adaptive Finite Element Analysis of Forced Vibration of Elastic String in Maximum Norm

by Quan Yuan and Si Yuan

Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(3), 1632; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031632 (registering DOI) - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

This paper presents, by taking the elastic string vibration problem as the model problem, the space–time reduced element and the corresponding adaptive analysis algorithm. The solution of the space–time reduced element is extracted from the standard two-dimensional (spatial and temporal dimensions) polynomial element [...] Read more.

This paper presents, by taking the elastic string vibration problem as the model problem, the space–time reduced element and the corresponding adaptive analysis algorithm. The solution of the space–time reduced element is extracted from the standard two-dimensional (spatial and temporal dimensions) polynomial element of the Galerkin-type by omitting the highest-degree terms, which serve as a built-in pointwise error estimator for the reduced solution. Taking the reduced solution as the final solution, the proposed adaptivity algorithm can produce solutions from the reduced element that satisfy the user-preset error tolerances in the maximum norm. Theoretical analysis and formulation are presented. Representative numerical examples, including forced vibrations with damping on an elastic foundation and moving load problems, validate the feasibility, effectiveness, and reliability of the proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Dynamics and Vibration)

25 pages, 21031 KB

Open AccessArticle

Highly Efficient Deep Learning-Enabled Parameterization and 3D Reconstruction of Traditional Chinese Roof Structures

by Ruisi Ou, Fan Yang, Lili Li, Liyu Cheng, Lile Qian, Ye He, Mingliang Che and Chi Zhang

Sensors 2026, 26(3), 1054; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26031054 - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Ancient Chinese architecture, with its typical symmetrical structures, curved roofs, and upturned eaves presenting a unique architectural aesthetic, is a treasure of Chinese culture. Recently, unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogrammetry and laser scanning technology have greatly facilitated the realistic replication of ancient buildings [...] Read more.

Ancient Chinese architecture, with its typical symmetrical structures, curved roofs, and upturned eaves presenting a unique architectural aesthetic, is a treasure of Chinese culture. Recently, unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogrammetry and laser scanning technology have greatly facilitated the realistic replication of ancient buildings and have become crucial data sources for the HBIM of ancient buildings. However, parameter extraction and geometric model representation are more difficult because of the curved surfaces and upturned eaves of traditional Chinese roofs. As symmetrical features are typical of ancient Chinese architecture, the parameter quantity and modelling difficulty of the model representation can be effectively reduced by recognizing the symmetrical structure of traditional Chinese roofs and using “mirror replication” to quickly generate the other half of the model. Accurate symmetry detection and highly efficient parameter extraction are crucial for the HBIM of traditional Chinese roofs. Therefore, in this study, a deep learning network, namely, TCRSym-Net, is proposed to identify the symmetry from point clouds of traditional Chinese roofs. Each roof point cloud is then relocated and reoriented to obtain longitudinal and cross sections, and parametric modelling scripts are coded in Dynamo to model traditional Chinese roofs via curve lofting and solid Boolean operations. The experimental results reveal that the symmetry detection network is effective for symmetry detection, and five different types of traditional Chinese roofs are successfully recreated, which confirms the dependability of the method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic 3D Documentation of Natural and Cultural Heritage)

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14 pages, 1488 KB

Open AccessArticle

Optimizing SPS-Processed Pure Tantalum: Effects of Temperature, Pressure, and Time

by Hui Huang, Chen Gong, Shihai Miao, Jiaqi Zhang, Yu Zhang, Xia Liu, Ying Li, Yibo Wei and Yafei Pan

Materials 2026, 19(3), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19030621 - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Pure tantalum (Ta) is widely used in applications such as capacitors and semiconductor coatings due to its high melting point, excellent corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility. In this study, spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology has been employed to successfully prepare high-density, fine-grained pure [...] Read more.

Pure tantalum (Ta) is widely used in applications such as capacitors and semiconductor coatings due to its high melting point, excellent corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility. In this study, spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology has been employed to successfully prepare high-density, fine-grained pure Ta through systematic optimization of sintering temperature, pressure, and holding time. The results indicate that sintering temperature plays a predominant role on the densification behavior. Increasing the sintering pressure and prolonging the holding time also contribute to further enhancing the densification. Under the process conditions of 1450 °C, 40 MPa, and a holding time of 10 min, the relative density of the sample reaches 98.7%. Microstructural analysis reveals that the sintering process of pure Ta can be divided into two main stages: densification-dominated and grain growth-dominated. When the relative density exceeds a threshold value (approximately 96% in this study), the grain size increases rapidly from 4.43 μm to 28.87 μm. This grain coarsening leads to a transition in the fracture mechanism from a mixed mode of intergranular and cleavage fractures to completely intergranular fracture, which significantly reduces the bending strength and plastic deformation capacity of the material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Entropy Alloys, Refractory Materials and Advanced Metallic Materials: Mechanical Properties and Applications)

32 pages, 1419 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Use Intention of Text-to-Image Generative AI in Higher Education: An S–O–R Model with Parallel Trust and Risk Pathways

by Buling Xia, Yaoxi Lei, Yuexin Hu, Xuran Zhu and Jibin Zhang

Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1657; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031657 - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

In light of the rapid adoption of text-to-image (T2I) tools in higher education, this study develops a stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) model to explain the sustainable and responsible use intentions of text-to-image generative AI tools in higher education. Focusing on both university students and faculty, [...] Read more.

In light of the rapid adoption of text-to-image (T2I) tools in higher education, this study develops a stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) model to explain the sustainable and responsible use intentions of text-to-image generative AI tools in higher education. Focusing on both university students and faculty, the model conceptualizes perceptions of ease of use, information quality, and ethical awareness as external stimuli; technology- and ethics-related anxiety as internal emotional states; and algorithmic trust, perceived risk, and sustainable use intention as behavioral evaluations and responses. Grounded in the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S–O–R) framework, we integrate the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Technology Threat Avoidance Theory (TTAT), and the DeLone–McLean (D&M) model to propose a layered mechanism, with personal innovativeness serving as a moderator. Utilizing 807 valid survey responses, we employed structural equation modeling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. The results reveal that (1) the overall chain is supported: perceived ease of use, information quality, and ethical awareness primarily influence sustainable use intention indirectly through anxiety, trust, and risk; (2) although higher usability and quality do not alleviate anxiety, they coexist within a complex pattern of trust amid anxiety; and (3) high levels of personal innovativeness diminish the linear effects of trust and risk on intention. Configurational evidence further indicates multiple pathways leading to high sustainable intention, whereas low intention is typically characterized by uniformly low perceptions, emotions, evaluations, and innovativeness. By framing sustainable adoption through a coupled trust–risk–anxiety lens, this study extends the understanding of generative AI use in education and offers actionable implications for promoting responsible and sustainable practices in universities. Full article

16 pages, 552 KB

Open AccessArticle

LOw-Dose RAbeprazole Therapy for Reducing Gastrointestinal Events in Patients with High Bleeding Risk (LORA-HBR): A Prospective, Multicenter, Interventional Study

by Dong Oh Kang, Cheol Ung Choi, Jang Hoon Lee, Young Joon Hong, Jung-Sun Kim, Han Cheol Lee, Jay Young Rhew, Jang Hyun Cho and Weon Kim

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(3), 1289; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15031289 - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Background: The widespread use of antithrombotic therapies increases bleeding risk, particularly in patients with a high bleeding risk (HBR). Although proton pump inhibitors are recommended for lowering the risk of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding, the optimal agent and dosage remain uncertain. This study [...] Read more.

Background: The widespread use of antithrombotic therapies increases bleeding risk, particularly in patients with a high bleeding risk (HBR). Although proton pump inhibitors are recommended for lowering the risk of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding, the optimal agent and dosage remain uncertain. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of low-dose rabeprazole (LORA, 5 mg) in reducing the incidence of GI-related adverse events in HBR patients receiving chronic antithrombotic therapy. Methods: This was a prospective, multicenter, interventional study that enrolled 909 South Korean patients receiving long-term antithrombotic therapy with HBR features including age ≥70 years, dual antiplatelet therapy, combined antithrombotic regimens, and prior GI bleeding. The primary endpoint was the incidence of significant GI events, including overt/occult bleeding and symptomatic peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Secondary endpoints included study drug discontinuation owing to GI adverse events, composite cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality. Results: No patients had significant UGI bleeding or symptomatic PUD. The median adherence rate was 92.0% (interquartile range [IQR], 87.0–95.0). Drug discontinuation owing to GI symptoms occurred in 32 patients (3.52%) at a median of 81 days (IQR, 36–119 days). GI-related adverse events were reported in 3.96%, with diarrhea, epigastric discomfort, and constipation being the most common. Non-GI bleeding and cardiovascular composite events occurred in 0.33% (n = 3) each, with all-cause mortality at 0.55% (n = 5). Conclusions: Low-dose rabeprazole was associated with reduced GI complications in patients receiving chronic antithrombotic therapy, with a favorable safety profile and high adherence. Further studies with larger and broader populations are required to confirm these findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Clinical Treatments and Challenges for Cardiovascular Diseases)

20 pages, 2170 KB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Characteristics and Mechanisms of Drilling Fluid Loss in Kuqa, Tarim Oilfield

by Jinzhi Zhu, Hongjun Liang, Chengli Li, Guochuan Qin, Shaojun Zhang, Aisheng Sun and Dan Bao

Processes 2026, 14(3), 566; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14030566 - 5 Feb 2026

Abstract

Frequent drilling fluid lost circulation in the Kuqa foreland area of the Tarim Oilfield severely constrains drilling efficiency and safety. The complex formation structures and diverse lost circulation types in this region are compounded by a lack of systematic classification in existing studies [...] Read more.

Frequent drilling fluid lost circulation in the Kuqa foreland area of the Tarim Oilfield severely constrains drilling efficiency and safety. The complex formation structures and diverse lost circulation types in this region are compounded by a lack of systematic classification in existing studies and weak correlation between mechanism analysis and field plugging measures, leading to a deficiency in quantitative decision-making for lost circulation prevention and control. Based on lithology analysis, loss zone pressure differential calculation, well log interpretation, and core observations, this study establishes an integrated “formation–lithology–pressure” diagnostic and classification method for lost circulation. A systematic classification framework comprising five types of lost circulation channels and mechanisms was developed. Based on this, the dominant lost circulation types and characteristics of three typical vertical formations in the Kuqa foreland were clarified: ① The supra-salt sandy conglomerate formations (e.g., Q1x, N2k) are dominated by permeability loss, where the loss rate (V) and bottomhole pressure differential (ΔP) exhibit a strong positive correlation (V ∝ ΔP). On-site application of graded bridging plugging formulations achieved a first-attempt success rate of ≥90%. ② The salt–gypsum formations (E1-2km) are primarily characterized by induced fracture loss, with a weak correlation between V and ΔP and dynamic fracture opening/closing behavior. Conventional rigid plugging materials showed limited effectiveness, resulting in a first-attempt success rate of <50%. ③ The K1bs formation is dominated by vertically developed natural fracture loss, where V and ΔP also demonstrate a strong positive correlation. In a specific Keshen block, a power-law relationship between the fracture aperture (W) and loss rate was established (W = 0.26·V^0.62, R² = 0.98), providing a basis for predicting fracture aperture and optimizing plugging formulations, with a plugging success rate of ≥80%. The classification system and quantitative criteria developed in this study effectively link lost circulation mechanisms, dynamic characteristics, and engineering countermeasures, offering theoretical support and a decision-making framework for optimizing lost circulation prevention and control measures and improving success rates in the Kuqa foreland area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmentally Friendly Production of Energy from Natural Gas Hydrates)

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