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12 pages, 270 KB

Open AccessReview

Clinical Use, Population-Level Impact, and Antimicrobial Resistance Considerations of Probiotics and Microbiome-Based Therapeutics: Review

by Monthon Lertcanawanichakul, Phuangthip Bhoopong, Husna Madoromae and Tuanhawanti Sahabuddeen

Pharmacoepidemiology 2026, 5(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharma5010003 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Probiotics and microbiome-based therapeutics are increasingly used to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and support gut microbiota health across children, adults, and elderly populations. Evidence synthesized in this narrative review from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses (>20,000 participants) suggests that early probiotic administration, particularly [...] Read more.

Probiotics and microbiome-based therapeutics are increasingly used to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and support gut microbiota health across children, adults, and elderly populations. Evidence synthesized in this narrative review from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses (>20,000 participants) suggests that early probiotic administration, particularly Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium species, multistrain formulations, and Saccharomyces boulardii, is associated with a 30–40% relative reduction in AAD incidence across heterogeneous studies, with absolute risk reductions of approximately 5–12% depending on baseline risk, strain, dose, and timing. Probiotics are generally well tolerated, with mild gastrointestinal adverse effects reported in 3–5% of users and rare serious events mainly in immunocompromised individuals. However, heterogeneity in formulations, populations, and limited long-term real-world data underscores the need for further pharmacoepidemiological studies, microbiome surveillance, and evaluation of antimicrobial resistance implications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Herbal Medicine: Applying Epidemiology Principles)

23 pages, 3280 KB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction Method Using Adaptive Fusion of Multi-Source Heterogeneous Meteorological Data

by Haijun Yu, Jinjin Ding, Yuanzhi Li, Lijun Wang, Weibo Yuan, Xunting Wang and Feng Zhang

Energies 2026, 19(2), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020425 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

High-precision short-term photovoltaic (PV) power prediction has become a critical technology in ensuring grid accommodation capacity, optimizing dispatching decisions, and enhancing plant economic benefits. This paper proposes a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based short-term PV power prediction method with the genetic algorithm (GA)-optimized adaptive [...] Read more.

High-precision short-term photovoltaic (PV) power prediction has become a critical technology in ensuring grid accommodation capacity, optimizing dispatching decisions, and enhancing plant economic benefits. This paper proposes a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based short-term PV power prediction method with the genetic algorithm (GA)-optimized adaptive fusion of space-based cloud imagery and ground-based meteorological data. The effective integration of satellite cloud imagery is conducted in the PV power prediction system, and the proposed method addresses the issues of low accuracy, poor robustness, and inadequate adaptation to complex weather associated with using a single type of meteorological data for PV power prediction. The multi-source heterogeneous data are preprocessed through outlier detection and missing value imputation. Spearman correlation analysis is employed to identify meteorological attributes highly correlated with PV power output. A dedicated dataset compatible with LSTM algorithm-based prediction models is constructed. An LSTM prediction model with a GA algorithm-based adaptive multi-source heterogeneous data fusion method is proposed, and the ability to construct a precise short-term PV power prediction model is demonstrated. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms single-source LSTM, single-source CNN-LSTM, and dual-source CNN-Transformer models in prediction accuracy, achieving an RMSE of 0.807 kWh and an MAPE of 6.74% on a critical test day. The proposed method enables real-time precision forecasting for grid dispatch centers and lightweight edge deployment at PV plants, enhancing renewable energy integration while effectively mitigating grid instability from power fluctuations. Full article

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19 pages, 924 KB

Open AccessArticle

Navigating Climate Neutrality Planning: How Mobility Management May Support Integrated University Strategy Development, the Case Study of Genoa

by Ilaria Delponte and Valentina Costa

Future Transp. 2026, 6(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp6010019 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Higher education institutions face a critical methodological challenge in pursuing net-zero commitments: Within the amount ofhe emissions related to Scope 3, including indirect emissions from water consumption, waste disposal, business travel, and mobility, employees commuting represents 50–92% of campus carbon footprints, yet reliable [...] Read more.

Higher education institutions face a critical methodological challenge in pursuing net-zero commitments: Within the amount ofhe emissions related to Scope 3, including indirect emissions from water consumption, waste disposal, business travel, and mobility, employees commuting represents 50–92% of campus carbon footprints, yet reliable quantification remains elusive due to fragmented data collection and governance silos. The present research investigates how purposeful integration of the Home-to-Work Commuting Plan (HtWCP)—mandatory under Italian Decree 179/2021—into the Climate Neutrality Plan (CNP) could constitute an innovative strategy to enhance emissions accounting rigor while strengthening institutional governance. Stemming from the University of Genoa case study, we show how leveraging mandatory HtWCP survey infrastructure to collect granular mobility behavioral data (transportation mode, commuting distance, and travel frequency) directly addresses the GHG Protocol-specified distance-based methodology for Scope 3 accounting. In turn, the CNP could support the HtWCP in framing mobility actions into a wider long-term perspective, as well as suggesting a compensation mechanism and paradigm for mobility actions that are currently not included. We therefore establish a replicable model that simultaneously advances three institutional dimensions, through the operationalization of the Avoid–Shift–Improve framework within an integrated workflow: (1) methodological rigor—replacing proxy methodologies with actual behavioral data to eliminate the notorious Scope 3 data gap; (2) governance coherence—aligning voluntary and regulatory instruments to reduce fragmentation and enhance cross-functional collaboration; and (3) adaptive management—embedding biennial feedback cycles that enable continuous validation and iterative refinement of emissions reduction strategies. This framework positions universities as institutional innovators capable of modeling integrated governance approaches with potential transferability to municipal, corporate, and public administration contexts. The findings contribute novel evidence to scholarly literature on institutional sustainability, policy integration, and climate governance, whilst establishing methodological standards relevant to international harmonization efforts in carbon accounting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Transport Systems: Integrating Urban Logistics, Environmental Impact, and Climate Resilience)

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28 pages, 5967 KB

Open AccessArticle

Implantation of Bioreactor-Conditioned Plant-Based Vascular Grafts

by Tai Yin, Nicole Gorbenko, Christina Karras, Samantha E. Nainan, Gianna Imeidopf, Arvind Ramsamooj, Sleiman Ghorayeb and Nick Merna

J. Funct. Biomater. 2026, 17(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17010043 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Small-diameter synthetic grafts often fail from thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia, and compliance mismatch, highlighting the need for alternatives that better support endothelialization and remodeling. Here, we evaluated multilayer plant-based vascular grafts fabricated from decellularized leatherleaf viburnum reinforced with cross-linked gelatin, seeded with vascular smooth [...] Read more.

Small-diameter synthetic grafts often fail from thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia, and compliance mismatch, highlighting the need for alternatives that better support endothelialization and remodeling. Here, we evaluated multilayer plant-based vascular grafts fabricated from decellularized leatherleaf viburnum reinforced with cross-linked gelatin, seeded with vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, and conditioned in a perfusion bioreactor to mimic physiological shear stress. Pre-implant assays confirmed effective decellularization, low residual detergent, and mechanical integrity suitable for surgical handling. In a rat abdominal aorta interposition model, plant-based grafts remained patent at 1, 4, and 24 weeks and showed higher survival than silicone controls. Ultrasound imaging demonstrated flow patterns and resistance indices similar to native vessels, and plant-based grafts maintained significantly higher endothelial cell coverage than silicone controls, reaching native-like density by 24 weeks. Histology and biochemical assays showed early collagen and elastin coverage comparable to native aorta and increased collagen by 24 weeks. Scanning electron microscopy showed smooth luminal surfaces with minimal thrombus formation, contrasting with the rougher, thrombus-prone surfaces of silicone grafts. These findings indicate that plant-based grafts support endothelialization, maintain long-term patency, and undergo favorable remodeling in vivo, supporting their potential as a biomimetic alternative for small-diameter arterial repair. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)

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9 pages, 288 KB

Open AccessArticle

Lung Carcinoids—Time to Change Practices

by Ana Rodrigues, Nuno Coimbra, Inês Lucena Sampaio, Isabel Azevedo, Marta Soares, Carmen Jerónimo and Rui Henrique

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33010050 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background: Lung carcinoids—typical and atypical—are rare neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) representing 1–2% of lung cancers. Despite clinicopathological differences, their clinical management often mirrors lung cancer protocols rather than NET-specific recommendations. Objectives: Portray a 12-year real-world experience with lung carcinoids at a Comprehensive [...] Read more.

Background: Lung carcinoids—typical and atypical—are rare neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) representing 1–2% of lung cancers. Despite clinicopathological differences, their clinical management often mirrors lung cancer protocols rather than NET-specific recommendations. Objectives: Portray a 12-year real-world experience with lung carcinoids at a Comprehensive Cancer Center, identifying gaps in diagnostic work-up, treatment decision-making, and follow-up. Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study of adult patients with histologically confirmed lung carcinoids diagnosed at IPO Porto between January 2013 and December 2024. Demographic, clinical, imaging, and treatment data were collected from electronic patient records. Analyses were descriptive. Results: Among 179 identified cases, 129 met eligibility criteria. Median age was 62 years (range 18–84); 53.6% were women and 53.5% were non-smokers; 84.5% had ECOG-PS 0–1. The most frequent presentation was respiratory symptoms (34.1%), followed by incidental findings (43.4%, of which ~20% were during staging or surveillance of other cancers). Typical carcinoids accounted for 49.6% and atypical for 43.4%. FDG-PET/CT was requested in 70.9% of cases, including many with typical carcinoid, and SSTR-PET/CT in 64.6% (dual PET in 38.8%). Most patients (65.1%) presented with stage I disease; 17.1% were stage IV. Mean time-to-first treatment was 83 days (range 1–259). Surgery was the first treatment option for 78.3% of patients. Conclusions: This real-world series highlights heterogeneity in diagnostic pathways, excessive FDG-PET use in typical carcinoids, and non-standardized follow-up. Dedicated multidisciplinary lung-NET boards and national reference centers are needed to homogenize and streamline patient management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

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26 pages, 9481 KB

Open AccessArticle

Can Environmental Analysis Algorithms Be Improved by Data Fusion and Soil Removal for UAV-Based Buffel Grass Biomass Prediction?

by Wagner Martins dos Santos, Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim, Lady Daiane Costa de Sousa Martins, Márcia Bruna Marim de Moura, Elania Freire da Silva, Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza, Alan Cezar Bezerra, José Raliuson Inácio Silva, Ênio Farias de França e Silva, João L. M. P. de Lima, Leonor Patricia Cerdeira Morellato and Thieres George Freire da Silva

Drones 2026, 10(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/drones10010061 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

The growing demand for sustainable livestock systems requires efficient methods for monitoring forage biomass. This study evaluated spectral (RGB and multispectral), textural (GLCM), and area attributes derived from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery to predict buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) biomass, also testing [...] Read more.

The growing demand for sustainable livestock systems requires efficient methods for monitoring forage biomass. This study evaluated spectral (RGB and multispectral), textural (GLCM), and area attributes derived from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery to predict buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) biomass, also testing the effect of soil pixel removal. A comprehensive machine learning pipeline (12 algorithms and 6 feature selection methods) was applied to 14 data combinations. Our results demonstrated that soil removal consistently improved the performance of the applied models. Multispectral (MSI) sensors were the most robust individually, whereas textural (GLCM) attributes did not contribute significantly. Although the MSI and RGB data combination proved complementary, the model with the highest accuracy was obtained with CatBoost using only RGB information after Boruta feature selection, achieving a CCC of 0.83, RMSE of 0.214 kg, and R² of 0.81 in the test set. The most important variable was vegetation cover area (19.94%), surpassing spectral indices. We conclude that integrating RGB UAVs with robust processing can generate accessible and effective tools for forage monitoring. This approach can support pasture management by optimizing stocking rates, enhancing natural resource efficiency, and supporting data-driven decisions in precision silvopastoral systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Use of UAVs for Monitoring and Analysis of Forage and Agricultural Crops: Technologies, Methods and Applications)

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19 pages, 13205 KB

Open AccessArticle

Static Stress Transfer and Fault Interaction Within the 2008–2020 Yutian Earthquake Sequence Constrained by InSAR-Derived Slip Models

by Xiaoran Fan, Guohong Zhang and Xinjian Shan

Remote Sens. 2026, 18(2), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18020288 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

The Yutian region at the southwestern termination of the Altyn Tagh Fault has experienced four moderate-to-strong earthquakes since 2008, providing an opportunity to investigate fault interactions within a transtensional tectonic setting. In this study, we derive the coseismic deformation and slip model of [...] Read more.

The Yutian region at the southwestern termination of the Altyn Tagh Fault has experienced four moderate-to-strong earthquakes since 2008, providing an opportunity to investigate fault interactions within a transtensional tectonic setting. In this study, we derive the coseismic deformation and slip model of the 2020 Mw 6.3 Yutian earthquake using ascending and descending Sentinel-1 InSAR data. The deformation field exhibits a characteristic subsidence–uplift pattern consistent with normal faulting, and the preferred slip model indicates a north–south-striking fault with slip concentrated at depths of 6–9 km. To place this event in a broader tectonic context, we incorporate published slip models for the 2008 and 2014 earthquakes together with a simplified finite-fault model for the 2012 event to construct a unified four-event source framework. Static Coulomb stress calculations reveal complex interactions among the four earthquakes. Localized positive loading from the 2012 event partially counteracts the negative

Δ C F S

imposed by the 2008 and 2014 earthquakes, reshaping the stress field rather than simply promoting or inhibiting failure. The cumulative stress evolution shows persistent unclamping and repeated shear-stress reversals, indicating that the 2020 earthquake resulted from long-term extensional loading superimposed on multi-stage coseismic stress redistribution. These results demonstrate that multi-event stress analysis provides a more reliable framework for assessing seismic hazards in regions with complex local stress fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Satellite Remote Sensing for Geohazards)

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18 pages, 1213 KB

Open AccessArticle

Beyond DXA: Trabecular Bone Score, Quantitative Ultrasound and Bone Turnover Markers for Morphometric Vertebral Fracture Assessment in People Living with HIV

by David Vladut Razvan, Ovidiu Rosca, Iulia Georgiana Bogdan, Livia Stanga, Sorina Maria Denisa Laitin and Adrian Vlad

Diagnostics 2026, 16(2), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16020277 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background and Objectives: People living with HIV (PLWH) have excess osteoporosis and fractures not fully captured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We evaluated whether trabecular bone score (TBS), calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and bone turnover markers improve vertebral fracture risk assessment beyond [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: People living with HIV (PLWH) have excess osteoporosis and fractures not fully captured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We evaluated whether trabecular bone score (TBS), calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and bone turnover markers improve vertebral fracture risk assessment beyond areal bone mineral density (BMD) in PLWH. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 87 antiretroviral-treated adults undergoing DXA had lumbar spine TBS and calcaneal QUS. Morphometric vertebral fractures were identified, correlates of degraded TBS were analyzed using multivariable regression, and sequential logistic models quantified the incremental contribution of TBS and CTX to discriminate for prevalent morphometric vertebral fractures. Results: Low BMD (osteopenia/osteoporosis) was present in 62% of participants, degraded TBS in 37% and morphometric vertebral fractures in 17%. Degraded versus normal TBS was associated with older age (49.1 vs. 39.7 years), longer HIV duration and lower nadir CD4+ count, as well as more frequent tenofovir disoproxil fumarate exposure (66% vs. 52%; all p ≤ 0.04). In multivariable analysis, age (per 10-year increase; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.78; 95% CI 1.13–2.83) and nadir CD4+ < 200 cells/mm³ (aOR 2.29; 95% CI 1.06–4.97) independently predicted degraded TBS. In sequential cross-sectional models for prevalent morphometric vertebral fractures, the area under the curve increased from 0.71 (clinical variables) to 0.79 after adding lumbar spine T-score and to 0.85 after adding TBS; adding CTX yielded 0.87 without a statistically significant incremental gain. Conclusions: In PLWH, TBS captures bone quality deficits and improves vertebral fracture risk discrimination beyond BMD, supporting its integration alongside DXA in routine HIV care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)

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16 pages, 762 KB

Open AccessArticle

RAE: A Role-Based Adaptive Framework for Evaluating Automatically Generated Public Opinion Reports

by Jinzheng Yu, Yang Xu, Yifan Feng, Ligu Zhu, Hao Shen and Lei Shi

Electronics 2026, 15(2), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15020380 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Public Opinion Reports are essential tools for crisis management, yet their evaluation remains a critical bottleneck that often delays response actions. Recently, dominant Large Language Model (LLM)-based evaluators often overlook a critical challenge: highly open-ended dimensions such as “innovation” and “feasibility” require synthesizing [...] Read more.

Public Opinion Reports are essential tools for crisis management, yet their evaluation remains a critical bottleneck that often delays response actions. Recently, dominant Large Language Model (LLM)-based evaluators often overlook a critical challenge: highly open-ended dimensions such as “innovation” and “feasibility” require synthesizing diverse stakeholder perspectives, as different groups judge these qualities from fundamentally different perspectives. Motivated by this, we propose the Role-based Adaptive Evaluation (RAE) framework. This framework employs an adaptive mechanism leveraging multi-perspective evaluation insights through role-based analysis, and further introduces dynamically generated roles tailored to specific contexts for these dimensions. RAE further incorporates multi-role reasoning aggregation to minimize individual biases and enhance evaluation robustness. Extensive experiments demonstrate that RAE significantly improves alignment with human expert judgments, especially on challenging highly open-ended dimensions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Integrative AI, Machine Learning, and Big Data for Transformative Applications)

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23 pages, 9799 KB

Open AccessArticle

Inertia Estimation of Regional Power Systems Using Band-Pass Filtering of PMU Ambient Data

by Kyeong-Yeong Lee, Sung-Guk Yoon and Jin Kwon Hwang

Energies 2026, 19(2), 424; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020424 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

This paper proposes a regional inertia estimation method in power systems using ambient data measured by phasor measurement units (PMUs). The proposed method employs band-pass filtering to suppress the low-frequency influence of mechanical power and to attenuate high-frequency noise and discrepancies between rotor [...] Read more.

This paper proposes a regional inertia estimation method in power systems using ambient data measured by phasor measurement units (PMUs). The proposed method employs band-pass filtering to suppress the low-frequency influence of mechanical power and to attenuate high-frequency noise and discrepancies between rotor speed and electrical frequency. By utilizing a simple first-order AutoRegressive Moving Average with eXogenous input (ARMAX) model, this process allows the inertia constant to be directly identified. This method requires no prior model order selection, rotor speed estimation, or computation of the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). The proposed method was validated through simulation on three benchmark systems: the Kundur two-area system, the IEEE Australian simplified 14-generator system, and the IEEE 39-bus system. The method achieved area-level inertia estimates within approximately ±5% error across all test cases, exhibiting consistent performance despite variations in disturbance models and system configurations. The estimation also maintained stable performance with short data windows of a few minutes, demonstrating its suitability for near real-time monitoring applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) on Supply Network and Energy Market)

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13 pages, 1009 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Precision Neuromodulation Treatment Reverses Motor and Cognitive Slowing After Stroke: Clinical and Neurophysiological Evidence

by Gianna Carla Riccitelli, Riccardo Gironi, Edoardo Ricci, Pamela Agazzi, Daniela Distefano, Chiara Zecca, Claudio Gobbi and Alain Kaelin-Lang

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(2), 713; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15020713 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Chronic psychomotor and cognitive slowing after stroke can persist despite standard rehabilitation, especially in young adults with subcortical injuries. Innovative, integrated interventions are crucial for patients who have reached a plateau in their rehabilitation. We present a case of a 41-year-old male [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Chronic psychomotor and cognitive slowing after stroke can persist despite standard rehabilitation, especially in young adults with subcortical injuries. Innovative, integrated interventions are crucial for patients who have reached a plateau in their rehabilitation. We present a case of a 41-year-old male with chronic psychomotor and cognitive slowing following a left lenticulostriate infarction (NIHSS score = 5 at onset), who had plateaued after conventional rehabilitation. Methods: Over 4 weeks the patient underwent 20 sessions of a multimodal approach including high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic resonance stimulation over the supplementary motor area and bilateral temporo-parietal junctions and simultaneous computerized cognitive training targeting attention and executive function. Both motor and cognitive assessments, along with quantitative EEG (qEEG) evaluations, were conducted before and after the treatment. Results: At the end of treatment, the patient showed significant clinical improvement: speed and coordination in upper extremities (Finger Tapping Test) increased by 66% (dominant hand) and 74% (non-dominant hand), while finger dexterity (Nine-Hole Peg Test) increased by 25% (dominant hand) and 19% (non-dominant hand). Cognitive scores improved in alertness (58%), visual exploration (25%), and flexibility (24%), while divided attention remained stable. qEEG investigation showed increases in alpha (79%), gamma (33%), and beta (10%) power, with topographic shifts in the stimulated regions. Conclusions: These findings highlight the feasibility of combining targeted rTMS and cognitive training to enhance neuroplasticity in the chronic phase of stroke. Clinical recovery was accompanied by normalized cortical rhythms, suggesting qEEG biomarkers may be useful for tracking treatment response. Multimodal precision neurorehabilitation may offer a path forward for patients with persistent cognitive–motor deficits post-stroke. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Rehabilitation Strategies and Exercise for Stroke Recovery)

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15 pages, 1622 KB

Open AccessArticle

Seasonal Surveillance of Urban Water Quality in Southern Brazil Reveals Persistent Carbapenem Resistance Genes Despite Compliance with Bacteriological Standards

by Laura Haleva, Tiane Martin de Moura, Luciana Costa Teixeira, Horst Mitteregger Júnior, Evgeni Evgeniev Gabev, Adriana Ambrosini da Silveira and Fabrício Souza Campos

Microbiol. Res. 2026, 17(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres17010021 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Quality control of drinking water is essential for safeguarding public health, particularly in densely populated urban environments. Environmental microbiological monitoring can complement conventional surveillance by providing deeper insights into the dissemination of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes within aquatic systems. In this study, [...] Read more.

Quality control of drinking water is essential for safeguarding public health, particularly in densely populated urban environments. Environmental microbiological monitoring can complement conventional surveillance by providing deeper insights into the dissemination of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes within aquatic systems. In this study, we assessed the quality of wastewater and treated water from two urban water supply systems, representing the southern and northern regions of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, across four climatic seasons between 2024 and 2025. Fifteen water samples were analyzed, including raw water from Guaíba Lake and treated water collected from public distribution points. The Water Quality Index was calculated, microbiological indicators were quantified, and carbapenem resistance genes were detected using molecular assays. Most treated water samples complied with established bacteriological standards; however, the bla_OXA-48-like gene was recurrently detected in both wastewater and treated water. No resistance genes were identified during the summer, whereas the bla_VIM gene was detected exclusively in spring samples. The presence of carbapenem resistance genes in the absence of cultivable coliforms suggests the persistence of extracellular DNA or viable but non-culturable bacteria, highlighting limitations inherent to conventional microbiological monitoring. Integrating classical microbiological methods with molecular assays enables a more comprehensive assessment of water quality and strengthens evidence-based decision-making within a One Health framework. Full article

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5 pages, 390 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Addressing Infectious Diseases in Vulnerable Populations Under the Auspices of One Health: A Call for Action in Europe

by Botond Lakatos, Ferenc Balázs Farkas, Giacomo Guido, Annalisa Saracino and Francesco Di Gennaro

Infect. Dis. Rep. 2026, 18(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/idr18010012 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

While infectious diseases represent a daunting challenge to public health worldwide, their impact is disproportionately felt among the most vulnerable and marginalized segments of society [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infections in Vulnerable Populations)

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21 pages, 785 KB

Open AccessArticle

Carbon Farming in Türkiye: Challenges, Opportunities and Implementation Mechanism

by Abdüssamet Aydın, Fatma Köroğlu, Evan Alexander Thomas, Carlo Salvinelli, Elif Pınar Polat and Kasırga Yıldırak

Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 891; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020891 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Carbon farming represents a strategic approach to enhancing agricultural sustainability while reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In Türkiye, agriculture accounted for approximately 14.9% of national GHG emissions in 2023, dominated by methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O). By increasing [...] Read more.

Carbon farming represents a strategic approach to enhancing agricultural sustainability while reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In Türkiye, agriculture accounted for approximately 14.9% of national GHG emissions in 2023, dominated by methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O). By increasing carbon storage in soils and vegetation, carbon farming can improve soil health, water retention, and climate resilience, thereby contributing to mitigation efforts and sustainable rural development. This study reviews and synthesizes international and national evidence on carbon farming mechanisms, practices, payment models, and adoption enablers and barriers, situating these insights within Türkiye’s agroecological and institutional context. The analysis draws on a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature, institutional reports, and policy documents published between 2015 and 2025. The findings indicate substantial mitigation potential from soil-based practices and livestock- and manure-related measures, yet limited uptake due to low awareness, capacity constraints, financial and administrative barriers, and regulatory gaps, highlighting the need for region-specific approaches. To support implementation and scaling, the study proposes a policy-oriented, regionally differentiated and digitally enabled MRV framework and an associated implementation pathway designed to reduce transaction costs, enhance farmer participation, and enable integration with emerging carbon market mechanisms. Full article

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19 pages, 12449 KB

Open AccessArticle

Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence Structure and Phylogenetic Analysis of Choy Sum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis)

by Tingting Liu, Li’ai Xu, Ziwei Hu, Xingpeng Xiong, Xia An and Jiashu Cao

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 872; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020872 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Choy sum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis) is an important vegetable crop in Brassicaceae. However, its mitochondrial genome has not been well studied. In this study, Illumina and Nanopore sequencing technologies were combined to assemble the complete mitochondrial genome of choy sum. [...] Read more.

Choy sum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis) is an important vegetable crop in Brassicaceae. However, its mitochondrial genome has not been well studied. In this study, Illumina and Nanopore sequencing technologies were combined to assemble the complete mitochondrial genome of choy sum. The mitochondrial genome is a circular molecule of 219,775 bp, with a GC content of 45.23%. A total of 60 genes were annotated, including 33 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 23 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 3 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and one pseudogene. A total of 466 RNA editing sites were identified in the PCGs. Codon usage analysis revealed that leucine (leu) was the most frequently used amino acid. Twenty-nine codons showed a relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) value greater than 1. Most of these preferred codons ended with A or U. A total of 308 repetitive sequences were detected, including 136 dispersed repeats, 17 tandem repeats, and 55 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Evolutionary analysis indicated that most mitochondrial genes are under negative selection. The highest nucleotide diversity detected in the cox2 gene suggests that this gene could serve as a valuable molecular marker for mitochondrial research in the species. Homology analysis found 22 homologous fragments between the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of choy sum. These fragments total 13,325 bp, representing 6.06% of the mitochondrial genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that choy sum is most closely related to B. rapa var. purpuraria. This study offers a genomic resource for genetic improvement and breeding of choy sum. It also provides molecular insights into the evolution of Brassica species. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Brassica Crop Metabolism and Genetics (Second Edition))

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29 pages, 1083 KB

Open AccessArticle

Regional Disparities in Artificial Intelligence Development and Green Economic Efficiency Performance Under Its Embedding: Empirical Evidence from China

by Ziyang Li, Ziqing Huang and Shiyi Zhang

Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 884; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020884 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

This study analyzes artificial intelligence development and green economic efficiency across 31 Chinese provinces using 2019–2021 panel data. We apply the entropy weight TOPSIS method to measure AI development levels. The entropy weight TOPSIS method measures AI development levels, the DEA-BCC model assesses [...] Read more.

This study analyzes artificial intelligence development and green economic efficiency across 31 Chinese provinces using 2019–2021 panel data. We apply the entropy weight TOPSIS method to measure AI development levels. The entropy weight TOPSIS method measures AI development levels, the DEA-BCC model assesses green economic efficiency, and their coordination types are identified. Findings reveal a significant negative correlation between AI development and green economic efficiency. We explain this complex relationship through three mechanisms: short-term polarization effects, technology conversion lags, and spatial spillovers. Spatial analysis shows AI development forms high-high agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta and Shandong. Green economic efficiency shows high-high clustering in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and selected western provinces. Using a “two-system” coupling framework, we identify four provincial categories. The “double-high” type should function as growth poles. The “high-low” type requires improved technology conversion efficiency. The “low-high” type can leverage ecological advantages. The “double-low” type needs enhanced factor inputs. We propose three targeted policy recommendations: establishing digital-green synergy platforms, implementing inter-provincial AI resource collaboration mechanisms, and developing locally adapted action plans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Achieving Sustainability Goals Through Artificial Intelligence)

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22 pages, 19682 KB

Open AccessArticle

Shear Mechanism Differentiation Investigation of Rock Joints with Varying Lithologies Using 3D-Printed Barton Profiles and Numerical Modeling

by Yue Chen, Yinsheng Wang, Yongqiang Li, Guoshun Lv, Quan Dai, Le Liu and Lianheng Zhao

Geotechnics 2026, 6(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics6010008 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

To investigate the shear behavior of rock mass joint surfaces with varying roughness and lithology, this study introduces a novel experimental framework that combines high-precision 3D printing and direct shear testing. Ten artificial joint surfaces were fabricated using Barton standard profiles with different [...] Read more.

To investigate the shear behavior of rock mass joint surfaces with varying roughness and lithology, this study introduces a novel experimental framework that combines high-precision 3D printing and direct shear testing. Ten artificial joint surfaces were fabricated using Barton standard profiles with different joint roughness coefficients (JRC) and were cast using two representative rock-like materials simulating soft and hard rocks. The 3D printing technique employed significantly reduced the staircase effect and ensured high geometric fidelity of the joint morphology. Shear tests revealed that peak shear strength increases with JRC, but the underlying failure mechanisms vary depending on the lithology. Experimental results were further used to back-calculate JRC values and validate the empirical JRC–JCS (joint wall compressive strength) model. Numerical simulations using FLAC3D captured the shear stress–displacement evolution for different lithologies, revealing that rock strength primarily influences peak shear strength and fluctuation characteristics during failure. Notably, despite distinct lithologies, the post-peak degradation behavior tends to converge, suggesting universal residual shear mechanisms across rock types. These findings highlight the critical role of lithology in joint shear behavior and demonstrate the effectiveness of 3D-printing-assisted model tests in advancing rock joint characterization. Full article

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21 pages, 4628 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Popping and Steam Cooking on Total Ferulic Acid, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Properties of Sukhothai Fragrant Black Rice

by Thayada Phimphilai, Onsaya Kerdto, Kajorndaj Phimphilai, Phronpawee Srichomphoo, Wachiraporn Tipsuwan, Pornpailin Suwanpitak, Yanping Zhong and Somdet Srichairatanakool

Foods 2026, 15(2), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15020320 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of thermal processing and extraction solvents on the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and cytotoxic activity of Sukhothai fragrant rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice subjected to three processing methods, unprocessed (raw), popped/puffed and steam-cooked, was extracted using hot [...] Read more.

This study investigated the effects of thermal processing and extraction solvents on the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and cytotoxic activity of Sukhothai fragrant rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice subjected to three processing methods, unprocessed (raw), popped/puffed and steam-cooked, was extracted using hot water or 70% (v/v) ethanol, yielding six extracts. Trans-ferulic acid, γ-oryzanol and anthocyanins were quantified using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS, while total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities were evaluated using Folin–Ciocalteu, aluminium chloride, DPPH and ABTS assays. Cytotoxicity was assessed in Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Water extracts consistently produced higher yields and contained greater total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents, resulting in stronger antioxidant activity. Unprocessed rice water extract exhibited the highest trans-ferulic acid recovery and antioxidant capacity. Thermal processing, particularly steamed cooking, markedly reduced phytochemical contents, likely due to heat-induced degradation. In contrast, ethanolic extracts yielded lower quantities but higher concentrations of less polar bioactive compounds and exhibited greater cytotoxic effects. Overall, minimal thermal processing combined with aqueous extraction best preserved antioxidant compounds, while ethanolic extraction enhanced biological potency. These findings highlight the importance of processing intensity and solvent polarity in optimizing the nutraceutical and functional potential of black rice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Benefits of Bioactive Compounds from Vegetable Sources)

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30 pages, 8636 KB

Open AccessArticle

Bio-Derived Cellulose Nanofibers for the Development Under Environmentally Assessed Conditions of Cellulose/ZnO Nanohybrids with Enhanced Biocompatibility and Antimicrobial Properties

by Kyriaki Marina Lyra, Aggeliki Papavasiliou, Caroline Piffet, Lara Gumusboga, Jean-Michel Thomassin, Yana Marie, Alexandre Hoareau, Vincent Moulès, Javier Alcodori, Pau Camilleri Lledó, Albany Milena Lozano Násner, Jose Gallego, Elias Sakellis, Fotios K. Katsaros, Dimitris Tsiourvas and Zili Sideratou

Materials 2026, 19(2), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19020346 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

The development of eco-friendly antimicrobial materials is essential for addressing antibiotic resistance, while reducing environmental impact. In this study, bio-derived anionic and cationic cellulose nanofibers (a-CNF and c-CNF) were employed as templating matrices for the in situ hydrothermal synthesis of cellulose/ZnO nanohybrids. Physicochemical [...] Read more.

The development of eco-friendly antimicrobial materials is essential for addressing antibiotic resistance, while reducing environmental impact. In this study, bio-derived anionic and cationic cellulose nanofibers (a-CNF and c-CNF) were employed as templating matrices for the in situ hydrothermal synthesis of cellulose/ZnO nanohybrids. Physicochemical characterization confirmed efficient cellulose functionalization and high-quality nanofibrillation, as well as the formation of uniformly dispersed ZnO nanoparticles (≈10–20 nm) strongly integrated within the cellulose network. The ZnO content was 30 and 20 wt. % for a-CNF/ZnO and c-CNF/ZnO, respectively. Antibacterial evaluation against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus revealed enhanced activity for both hybrids, with c-CNF/ZnO displaying the lowest MIC/MBC values (50/100 μg/mL). Antiviral assays revealed complete feline calicivirus inactivation at 100 μg/mL for c-CNF/ZnO, while moderate activity was observed against bovine coronavirus, highlighting the role of surface charge. Cytotoxicity assays on mammalian cells demonstrated high biocompatibility at antimicrobial concentrations. Life cycle assessment showed that c-CNF/ZnO exhibits a lower overall environmental burden than a-CNF/ZnO, with electricity demand being the main contributor, indicating clear opportunities for further reductions through process optimization and scale-up. Overall, these results demonstrate that CNF/ZnO nanohybrids effectively combine renewable biopolymers with ZnO antimicrobial functionality, offering a sustainable and safe platform for biomedical and environmental applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Νanoparticles for Biomedical Applications (2nd Edition))

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31 pages, 2675 KB

Open AccessArticle

On Some Aspects of Distributed Control Logic in Intelligent Railways

by Ivaylo Atanasov, Maria Nenova and Evelina Pencheva

Future Transp. 2026, 6(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp6010018 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

A comfortable, reliable, safe and environmentally friendly high-speed train journey that saves time and offers an unforgettable experience for passengers is not a dream. Passengers can enjoy panoramic views, delicious cuisine and use their mobile devices without restrictions. High-speed trains, powered by environmentally [...] Read more.

A comfortable, reliable, safe and environmentally friendly high-speed train journey that saves time and offers an unforgettable experience for passengers is not a dream. Passengers can enjoy panoramic views, delicious cuisine and use their mobile devices without restrictions. High-speed trains, powered by environmentally friendly methods, are a sustainable form of transport, reducing harmful emissions. Integrating intelligent control and management into railway networks has the capacity to increase efficiency and improve reliability and safety, as well as reduce development and maintenance costs. Future intelligent railway network architectures are expected to focus on integrated, multi-layered systems that deeply embed artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT) and advanced communication technologies (5G/6G) to ensure intelligent operation, improved reliability and increased safety. Distributed intelligent control in railways refers to an advanced approach in which decision-making capabilities are distributed across network components (trains, stations, track sections, control centers) rather than being concentrated in a single central location. The recent advances in AI in railways are associated with numerous scientific papers that enable intelligent traffic management, automatic train control, and predictive maintenance, with each of the proposed intelligent solutions being evaluated in terms of key performance indicators such as latency, reliability, and accuracy. This study focuses on how different intelligent solutions in railways can be implemented in network components based on the requirements for real-time control, near-real-time control, and non-real-time operation. The analysis of related works is focused on the proposed intelligent railway frameworks and architectures. The description of typical use cases for implementing intelligent control aims to summarize latency requirements and the possible distribution of control logic between network components, taking into account time constraints. The considered use case of automatic train protection aims to evaluate the added latency of communication. The requirements for the nodes that host and execute the control logic are identified. Full article

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11 pages, 259 KB

Open AccessArticle

Morphological Asymmetries and Their Relationship to Judo-Specific Performance in Youth Judokas

by Jožef Šimenko and Primož Pori

Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(2), 894; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16020894 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine morphological asymmetries in male youth judokas using an integrated assessment combining three-dimensional (3D) body scanning and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and to determine how these asymmetries relate to judo-specific performance. Twenty-seven competitive male youth judokas [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to examine morphological asymmetries in male youth judokas using an integrated assessment combining three-dimensional (3D) body scanning and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and to determine how these asymmetries relate to judo-specific performance. Twenty-seven competitive male youth judokas were evaluated for bilateral girth, segmental length, and lean mass asymmetries across upper- and lower-limb segments. The Absolute Asymmetry index, expressed as a percentage for individual body segments, and the average body symmetry across all variables were calculated, and associations with performance were assessed using the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT). Significant right-dominant asymmetries were found in elbow girth p < 0.001, forearm girth p < 0.001, thigh girth p = 0.028, and leg muscle mass p = 0.008. Upper-limb asymmetries were the primary contributors to total-body asymmetry, reflecting the unilateral gripping and rotational demands typical in judo. Only calf girth asymmetry was significantly associated with SJFT performance, with greater asymmetry linked to poorer outcomes, indicating a specific rather than general asymmetry–performance relationship (r = 0.405; p = 0.037). These findings underscore the importance of early detection of segment-specific asymmetries and suggest that rapid digital anthropometry is a practical tool for monitoring morphological development in youth judokas. Early targeted interventions may support balanced technical execution, enhance performance, and reduce the risk of uneven loading patterns as athletes progress to higher age categories and competition levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Athletes Performance and Analysis in Combat Sports and Martial Arts: Second Edition)

19 pages, 9505 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Fractal Topology-Based Method for Joint Roughness Coefficient Calculation and Its Application to Coal Rock Surfaces

by Rui Wang, Jiabin Dong and Wenhao Dong

Modelling 2026, 7(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling7010019 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

The accurate evaluation of the Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) is crucial for rock mechanics engineering. Existing JRC prediction models based on a single fractal parameter often face limitations in physical consistency and predictive accuracy. This study proposes a novel two-parameter JRC prediction method [...] Read more.

The accurate evaluation of the Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) is crucial for rock mechanics engineering. Existing JRC prediction models based on a single fractal parameter often face limitations in physical consistency and predictive accuracy. This study proposes a novel two-parameter JRC prediction method based on fractal topology theory. The core innovation of this method lies in extracting two distinct types of information from a roughness profile: the scale-invariant characteristics of its frequency distribution, quantified by the Hurst exponent (H), and the amplitude-dependent scale effects, quantified by the coefficient (C). By integrating these two complementary aspects of roughness, a comprehensive predictive model is established: JRC =

100.014 H^{- 1.5491} C^{1.2681}

. The application of this model to Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-scanned coal rock surfaces indicates that JRC is primarily controlled macroscopically by amplitude-related information (reflected by C), while the scale-invariant frequency characteristics (reflected by H) significantly influence local prediction accuracy. By elucidating the distinct roles of scale-invariance and amplitude attributes in controlling JRC, this research provides a new theoretical framework and a practical analytical tool for the quantitative evaluation of JRC in engineering applications. Full article

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15 pages, 4450 KB

Open AccessArticle

Eigenvalues of the Operator Describing Magnetohydrodynamic Problems in Outer Parts of Galaxies

by Evgeny Mikhailov and Tatiana Khasaeva

Mathematics 2026, 14(2), 308; https://doi.org/10.3390/math14020308 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

The magnetic field generation studies in astronomy lead to a number of interesting problems in mathematical physics. In the dynamo theory, the problem is reduced to a system of parabolic equations for the field components. Assuming that the field grows exponentially, we obtain [...] Read more.

The magnetic field generation studies in astronomy lead to a number of interesting problems in mathematical physics. In the dynamo theory, the problem is reduced to a system of parabolic equations for the field components. Assuming that the field grows exponentially, we obtain an eigenvalue problem for the corresponding elliptic operator. The possibility of the field generation and behaviour of the system is characterized by the spectra of the operator. If all eigenvalues lie in the left half of the complex plane, the perturbations will decay. On the other hand, if some of the eigenvalues have positive real parts, the large-scale structures of the field can be generated. From the astrophysical point of view, galactic magnetic fields are very important to study. One of the main problems is connected with the peripheral regions, where the properties of the medium complicate the operator structure. We can use the perturbation theory to find the eigenvalues. However, the problem can be solved analytically by considering some specific approximations. We can find the spectra using numerical approaches in the case of the conditions that are close to the real ones. In this paper, we solve eigenvalue problems for different operators which are connected with magnetohydrodynamic processes in outer parts of galaxies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Physics and Applied Mathematics: Latest Advances and Prospects)

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27 pages, 2279 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainability-Driven Design Optimization of Aircraft Parts Using Mathematical Modeling

by Aikaterini Anagnostopoulou, Dimitris Sotiropoulos, Ioannis Sioutis and Konstantinos Tserpes

Aerospace 2026, 13(1), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13010095 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

The design of aircraft components is a complex process that must simultaneously account for environmental impact, manufacturability, cost and structural performance to meet modern regulatory requirements and sustainability objectives. When these factors are integrated from the early design stages, the approach transcends traditional [...] Read more.

The design of aircraft components is a complex process that must simultaneously account for environmental impact, manufacturability, cost and structural performance to meet modern regulatory requirements and sustainability objectives. When these factors are integrated from the early design stages, the approach transcends traditional eco-design and becomes a genuinely sustainability-oriented design methodology. This study proposes a sustainability-driven design framework for aircraft components and demonstrates its application to a fuselage panel consisting of a curved skin, four frames, seven stringers, and twenty-four clips. The design variables investigated include the material selection, joining methods, and subcomponent thicknesses. The design space is constructed through a combinatorial generation process coupled with compatibility and feasibility constraints. Sustainability criteria are evaluated using a combination of parametric Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) regression models, parametric Finite Element Analysis (FEA), and Random Forest surrogate modeling trained on a stratified set of simulation results. Two methodological pathways are introduced: 1. Cluster-based optimization, involving customized clustering followed by multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) within each cluster. 2. Global optimization, performed across the full decision matrix using Pareto front analysis and MCDM techniques. A stability analysis of five objective-weighting methods and four normalization techniques is conducted to identify the most robust methodological configuration. The results—based on a full cradle-to-grave assessment that includes the use phase over a 30-year A319 aircraft operational lifetime—show that the thermoplastic CFRP panel joined by welding emerges as the most sustainable design alternative. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Materials and Aircraft Structural Design)

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16 pages, 269 KB

Open AccessArticle

Parental Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Emergency Management of Dental Trauma in Children: A Cross-Sectional Croatian Study

by Klaudia Aleric, Lidia Gavic, Mirna Draganja, Kristina Gorseta, Vesna Ambarkova and Antonija Tadin

Pediatr. Rep. 2026, 18(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric18010011 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Aim: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in children are a common but often underestimated emergency. Parental knowledge and timely response are crucial for successful treatment. This study aimed to evaluate parental knowledge, experiences, and awareness regarding dental trauma management and the use of [...] Read more.

Aim: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in children are a common but often underestimated emergency. Parental knowledge and timely response are crucial for successful treatment. This study aimed to evaluate parental knowledge, experiences, and awareness regarding dental trauma management and the use of protective mouthguards. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire among 333 parents in dental clinics in Split and Zagreb, Croatia. The questionnaire assessed sociodemographic data, parental knowledge of TDIs, and prior experience with dental trauma. Statistical analysis included chi-square test (p < 0.05). Results: The overall level of parental knowledge regarding traumatic dental injuries was generally low (7.6 out of 15 points). Almost all parents correctly identified the age when children have primary or permanent teeth. However, less than half knew that an avulsed primary tooth should not be replanted, while about three-quarters recognized that professional help should be sought within 30 min after trauma. Overall, 43.5% of parents reported that their child had experienced dental trauma, most often affecting primary teeth (60.7%), particularly the maxillary central incisor (76.6%). Mothers demonstrated significantly higher knowledge than fathers (p = 0.025), and prior experience or information about dental trauma significantly improved awareness (p < 0.001). Although 54.3% of respondents were unaware of the purpose of dental shields, 82.3% considered them necessary during contact sports, yet only 12.9% reported that their child actually uses them. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this clinic-based study, the findings indicate gaps in parental knowledge regarding the appropriate management of dental trauma. Strengthening parents’ understanding of emergency response and preventive measures may support timelier and appropriate care and contribute to improved outcomes for children experiencing traumatic dental injuries. Full article

22 pages, 867 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Major Update and Improved Validation Functionality in the mwtab Python Library and the Metabolomics Workbench File Status Website

by P. Travis Thompson and Hunter N. B. Moseley

Metabolites 2026, 16(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo16010076 (registering DOI) - 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background: The Metabolomics Workbench (MW) is a public scientific data repository consisting of experimental data and metadata from metabolomics studies collected with mass spectroscopy (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. Although not as rapidly as in the past, MW has steadily evolved, [...] Read more.

Background: The Metabolomics Workbench (MW) is a public scientific data repository consisting of experimental data and metadata from metabolomics studies collected with mass spectroscopy (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. Although not as rapidly as in the past, MW has steadily evolved, updating its mwTab and JSON deposition text file formats and its web-based infrastructure. However, the growth of MW has been exponential since its inception in 2013 and continues to be exponential, with the number of datasets hosted on the repository increasing by 50% since April 2024. As part of regular maintenance to keep up with changes to the mwTab file format and an earnest effort to use MW datasets in meta-analyses, the mwtab Python package has been updated. Methods: Updates include better error handling for batch processing, better parsing to read more files without error, and extensive improvements to the validation capabilities of the package. These updates also required our mwFileStatusWebsite to be updated and improved. Results: We used the enhanced validation features of the mwtab package to evaluate all available datasets in MW to facilitate improved curation, FAIRness of the repository, and reuse for meta-analyses. Conclusions: Version 2.0.0 of the mwtab Python package is now officially released and freely available on GitHub and the Python Package Index (PyPI) under a Clear Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) license, with documentation available on GitHub. The updated mwFileStatusWebsite is also officially in its 2.0.0 version. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Bioinformatics and Data Analysis)

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