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Volume 25
Issue 14
10.3390/s25144488
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Flexible Receiver Antenna Prepared Based on Conformal Printing and Its Wearable System

by
Qian Zhu
,
Wenjie Zhang
,
Wencheng Zhu
,
Chao Wu
* and
Jianping Shi
*
School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2025, 25(14), 4488; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144488
Submission received: 19 June 2025 / Revised: 14 July 2025 / Accepted: 18 July 2025 / Published: 18 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Sensors in Medical Diagnostics and Rehabilitation)
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Abstract

Microwave energy is ideal for wearable devices due to its stable wireless power transfer capabilities. However, rigid receiving antennas in conventional RF energy harvesters compromise wearability. This study presents a wearable system using a flexible dual-band antenna (915 MHz/2.45 GHz) fabricated via conformal 3D printing on arm-mimicking curvatures, minimizing bending-induced performance loss. A hybrid microstrip–lumped element rectifier circuit enhances energy conversion efficiency. Tested with commercial 915 MHz transmitters and Wi-Fi routers, the system consistently delivers 3.27–3.31 V within an operational range, enabling continuous power supply for real-time physiological monitoring (e.g., pulse detection) and data transmission. This work demonstrates a practical solution for sustainable energy harvesting in flexible wearables.
Keywords: microwave energy; conformal printing; flexible antenna; wearable device microwave energy; conformal printing; flexible antenna; wearable device
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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhu, Q.; Zhang, W.; Zhu, W.; Wu, C.; Shi, J. Flexible Receiver Antenna Prepared Based on Conformal Printing and Its Wearable System. Sensors 2025, 25, 4488. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144488

AMA Style

Zhu Q, Zhang W, Zhu W, Wu C, Shi J. Flexible Receiver Antenna Prepared Based on Conformal Printing and Its Wearable System. Sensors. 2025; 25(14):4488. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144488

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhu, Qian, Wenjie Zhang, Wencheng Zhu, Chao Wu, and Jianping Shi. 2025. "Flexible Receiver Antenna Prepared Based on Conformal Printing and Its Wearable System" Sensors 25, no. 14: 4488. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144488

APA Style

Zhu, Q., Zhang, W., Zhu, W., Wu, C., & Shi, J. (2025). Flexible Receiver Antenna Prepared Based on Conformal Printing and Its Wearable System. Sensors, 25(14), 4488. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144488

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