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Biomedicines
Volume 13
Issue 7
10.3390/biomedicines13071768
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Systematic Review

Advancements in Cervical Cancer Screening: Enhancing HPV Testing and Triage Strategies for Improved Risk Assessment

by
Yana Merdzhanova-Gargova
1,*,
Magdalena Ivanova
1,
Angelina Mollova-Kysebekirova
2,
Anna Mihaylova
3,
Nikoleta Parahuleva-Rogacheva
1,
Ekaterina Uchikova
1 and
Mariya Koleva-Ivanova
2
1
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
2
Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
3
Department of Healthcare Management, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2025, 13(7), 1768; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071768
Submission received: 26 May 2025 / Revised: 4 July 2025 / Accepted: 6 July 2025 / Published: 18 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Biology and Oncology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Cervical cancer remains a significant global health issue, with high incidence and mortality rates, particularly in Eastern Europe. Despite the availability of vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV), regular screening remains crucial for prevention. Testing for HPV, alone or combined with cytology, has become an alternative to traditional methods. However, since many HPV infections are transient, additional tests are needed to identify high-risk cases. Methods: This study aims to generate detailed statistical data specific to the Bulgarian population, reinforcing the necessity of incorporating updated European methodologies and algorithms for the prophylaxis and prevention of cervical carcinoma. Results: By evaluating epidemiological trends, risk factors, and the effectiveness of current preventive measures, this research seeks to provide a strong foundation for enhancing cervical cancer screening and early detection programs. This method improves triage by identifying women who require further evaluation, ensuring timely referrals for colposcopy or biopsy. Conclusions: While liquid-based cytology (LBC) and HPV genotyping improve detection, the introduction of p16/Ki-67 dual staining has enhanced risk stratification, offering higher sensitivity and specificity for detecting high-grade lesions. These advancements are improving cervical cancer screening and patient outcomes.
Keywords: cervical cancer; HPV; dual-staining test-p16/Ki-67; cytology; liquid-based cervical cancer; HPV; dual-staining test-p16/Ki-67; cytology; liquid-based

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Merdzhanova-Gargova, Y.; Ivanova, M.; Mollova-Kysebekirova, A.; Mihaylova, A.; Parahuleva-Rogacheva, N.; Uchikova, E.; Koleva-Ivanova, M. Advancements in Cervical Cancer Screening: Enhancing HPV Testing and Triage Strategies for Improved Risk Assessment. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 1768. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071768

AMA Style

Merdzhanova-Gargova Y, Ivanova M, Mollova-Kysebekirova A, Mihaylova A, Parahuleva-Rogacheva N, Uchikova E, Koleva-Ivanova M. Advancements in Cervical Cancer Screening: Enhancing HPV Testing and Triage Strategies for Improved Risk Assessment. Biomedicines. 2025; 13(7):1768. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071768

Chicago/Turabian Style

Merdzhanova-Gargova, Yana, Magdalena Ivanova, Angelina Mollova-Kysebekirova, Anna Mihaylova, Nikoleta Parahuleva-Rogacheva, Ekaterina Uchikova, and Mariya Koleva-Ivanova. 2025. "Advancements in Cervical Cancer Screening: Enhancing HPV Testing and Triage Strategies for Improved Risk Assessment" Biomedicines 13, no. 7: 1768. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071768

APA Style

Merdzhanova-Gargova, Y., Ivanova, M., Mollova-Kysebekirova, A., Mihaylova, A., Parahuleva-Rogacheva, N., Uchikova, E., & Koleva-Ivanova, M. (2025). Advancements in Cervical Cancer Screening: Enhancing HPV Testing and Triage Strategies for Improved Risk Assessment. Biomedicines, 13(7), 1768. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071768

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