MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

20 pages, 1738 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychosocial Outcomes in Parents of Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in Australia and New Zealand Through and Beyond Treatment

by Clare Parker, Clarissa E. Schilstra, Karen McCleary, Michelle Martin, Toby N. Trahair, Rishi S. Kotecha, Shanti Ramachandran, Ruellyn Cockcroft, Rachel Conyers, Siobhan Cross, Luciano Dalla-Pozza, Peter Downie, Tamas Revesz, Michael Osborn, Glenn M. Marshall, Claire E. Wakefield, Marion K. Mateos and Joanna E. Fardell

Cancers 2025, 17(7), 1238; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17071238 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Parents of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) experience emotional distress throughout their child’s treatment course. This study describes the psychological experience of Australian and New Zealand parents of children diagnosed with ALL. Methods: This prospective, longitudinal study assessed distress, anxiety, depression, [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Parents of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) experience emotional distress throughout their child’s treatment course. This study describes the psychological experience of Australian and New Zealand parents of children diagnosed with ALL. Methods: This prospective, longitudinal study assessed distress, anxiety, depression, anger and the need for help in parents of children with newly diagnosed ALL across eight sites between October 2018 and November 2022. Psychological symptoms were quantified using the Emotion Thermometer (ET) tool and Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaires. Participants were recruited within ninety days of chemotherapy commencement, with surveys distributed bimonthly thereafter. Results: One hundred and seventeen participants completed 327 survey responses spanning 0 to 62 months post-diagnosis. Parental distress peaked within the first 6 months and 40% of parents reported clinically significant symptoms across four or more domains as measured by our questionnaires. Anxiety was the most consistently elevated symptom, with over 50% of responses above the clinical cut-off. Depression and the need for help also peaked closer to diagnosis and declined over time. In contrast, anger remained stable, with 27% reporting clinically significant scores across all time points. Increased time since diagnosis was significantly associated with reductions in distress, anxiety and depression scores. Conclusions: Australian and New Zealand parents experience high levels of psychological distress within the first six months following their child’s diagnosis of ALL. A notable minority continue to report elevated distress levels over time, identifying a need for improved psychological support for family wellbeing throughout the ALL treatment trajectory. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric and Adolescent Psycho-Oncology)

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13 pages, 241 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Retrospective Evaluation of the Prognostic Utility of Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Hospitalized Cats with Pancreatitis

by Yada Siriphanporn, Anuwat Wiratsudakul, Suwicha Kasemsuwan, Piyathip Chuchalermporn, Monchanok Vijarnsorn and Narudee Kashemsant

Animals 2025, 15(7), 1060; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15071060 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

Pancreatitis in cats ranges from mild forms with low mortality to severe cases with poor prognosis, and early identification of high-risk patients remains a challenge. The prognostic significance of hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis in feline pancreatitis is not well established. This study aimed [...] Read more.

Pancreatitis in cats ranges from mild forms with low mortality to severe cases with poor prognosis, and early identification of high-risk patients remains a challenge. The prognostic significance of hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis in feline pancreatitis is not well established. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors in hospitalized cats with pancreatitis and assess the predictive value of hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis. A retrospective study of 142 cats diagnosed between January 2020 and December 2023 was conducted, analyzing signalment, clinical signs, and clinicopathological findings. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs, abnormal feline pancreatic lipase assay, and abdominal sonography. Multivariate analysis identified jaundice (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.7–12.7), renal disease (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.05–5.40), hypoalbuminemia (OR, 3.91; 95% CI, 1.70–9.01), increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (OR, 4.76; 95% CI, 1.96–11.53), and neutrophil cytoplasmic toxic change (OR, 10.54; 95% CI, 4.17–26.7) as independent prognostic indicators. The combination of renal disease and jaundice increased the mortality risk 12-fold, while hypoalbuminemia and neutrophil toxic changes increased it 120-fold. However, hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis upon admission were not predictive of outcomes. These findings suggest that jaundice, renal disease, hypoalbuminemia, increased BUN, and neutrophil toxic changes are significant prognostic indicators in feline pancreatitis, whereas hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis do not predict mortality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diseases of the Small and Large Intestine, Liver and Pancreas in Small Animals: Second Edition)

19 pages, 894 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unraveling EFL Teacher Motivation for Pursuing a Master of Education Degree in the Chinese Context

by Lixiang Gao, Honggang Liu and Zizheng Shen

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(4), 473; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15040473 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

In recent years, the topic of language teacher motivation has garnered significant attention within the realm of language teacher psychology. Researchers have delved into various aspects, including teachers’ commitments to the teaching career, teachers’ teaching motivation, and teachers’ professional development motivation. Nevertheless, the [...] Read more.

In recent years, the topic of language teacher motivation has garnered significant attention within the realm of language teacher psychology. Researchers have delved into various aspects, including teachers’ commitments to the teaching career, teachers’ teaching motivation, and teachers’ professional development motivation. Nevertheless, the motivation of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers to engage in ongoing in-service learning, particularly the pursuit of a Master of Education (Ed.M.) degree, has received comparatively less scrutiny. To bridge this gap, the present study adopted Boshier’s Education Participation Scale (EPS) and Liu’s seven-dimensional motivation framework to explore the motivation of 529 Chinese EFL teachers in their quest for an Ed.M. degree. Utilizing Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM), the analysis revealed seven types of key motivation: cognitive interest, social responsibility, academic information acquisition, academic achievement acquisition, school context, rival demand, and significant others. An examination of differences in EFL teacher motivation in terms of gender and school type showed that male teachers perceived significantly higher levels of cognitive interest and rival demand than female teachers did. And, teachers in regular schools reported significantly higher levels of significant others than those in key schools. We propose some future directions for EFL teacher motivation research. Full article

22 pages, 11806 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Benchmarking Anomaly Detection Methods for Extracardiac Findings in Cardiac MRI

by Edgar Pinto, Patrícia M. Costa, Catarina Silva, Vitor H. Pereira, Jaime C. Fonseca and Sandro Queirós

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 4027; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15074027 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

In cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, an initial set of sequences is acquired to guide the definition of the subsequent cardiac views. These sequences provide a large field of view, enabling the detection of extracardiac findings (ECFs). Although ECFs may have significant clinical [...] Read more.

In cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, an initial set of sequences is acquired to guide the definition of the subsequent cardiac views. These sequences provide a large field of view, enabling the detection of extracardiac findings (ECFs). Although ECFs may have significant clinical relevance, they are typically overlooked since they fall outside the scope of cardiac examinations. The only prior attempt to automatically detect incidental ECFs employed fully supervised methods but faced substantial limitations due to the impracticality of collecting comprehensive samples given the wide range of possible anomalies across various organs. This study investigates the potential of recent anomaly detection (AD) methods to address this challenge. While AD methods have gained popularity, their application has been largely confined to industrial settings or medical imaging tasks such as brain MR or chest X-ray, which exhibit lower anatomical variability and complexity than cardiac MR anatomical sequences. Hereto, twenty state-of-the-art (SOTA) AD methods, including unsupervised, semi-supervised, and open-set supervised learning methodologies, are compared against two fully supervised baselines for detecting ECFs in anatomical planes of cardiac MR. Results from our in-house dataset reveal suboptimal performance of SOTA AD methods, highlighting the need for further research in this domain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Image Analysis and Processing Technologies and Applications)

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11 pages, 929 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Long-Term Excellent Clinical Outcomes, High Survivorship, and Low Osteoarthritis Progression in Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A 10-Year Minimum Follow-Up

by Matteo Marullo, Stefano Petrillo, Antonio Russo and Sergio Romagnoli

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(7), 2492; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072492 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: The literature on the long-term outcomes of lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) remains limited due to the lower prevalence of lateral osteoarthritis (OA) and the technical challenges of the procedure. This study aimed to assess the long-term clinical outcomes, implant survivorship, and [...] Read more.

Background: The literature on the long-term outcomes of lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) remains limited due to the lower prevalence of lateral osteoarthritis (OA) and the technical challenges of the procedure. This study aimed to assess the long-term clinical outcomes, implant survivorship, and OA progression in patients undergoing lateral UKA with a minimum follow-up of 10 years. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 96 lateral UKAs from 2001 to 2013 using a cemented, fixed-bearing implant. Patients with at least 10 years of follow-up were included. Clinical outcomes were measured using range of motion (ROM), a pain visual analog scale (VAS), Knee Society Scores (KSSs), and the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS). Implant survivorship was assessed using a Kaplan–Meier analysis, while OA progression in the medial compartment was evaluated radiographically. Results: At a mean follow-up of 14.5 years, implant survivorship was 94.7%, with five revisions primarily due to OA progression. Significant improvements were observed in ROM, VAS, and KSS (p < 0.01). An increase in the Kellgren–Lawrence grade in the medial compartment was reported in 47.9% of patients. Conclusions: Lateral UKA provides excellent long-term outcomes, demonstrating high survivorship, significant functional improvement, and high patient satisfaction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Total Knee Arthroplasty)

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10 pages, 904 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Effects of Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris L.) Supplementation on Erectile Dysfunction and Testosterone Levels in Men—A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials

by José de Oliveira Vilar Neto, Wilson Max Almeida Monteiro de Moraes, Daniel Vieira Pinto, Carlos Alberto da Silva, Juan de Sá Roriz Caminha, Júlio César Chaves Nunes Filho, Caio Eduardo Gonçalves Reis, Jonato Prestes, Heitor O. Santos and Elizabeth De Francesco Daher

Nutrients 2025, 17(7), 1275; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071275 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: Tribulus terrestris L. Zygophyllaceae (TT) is a plant that has been claimed to increase testosterone levels and improve sexual function, particularly erectile dysfunction, with potential benefits for male sexual health. Purpose: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of [...] Read more.

Background: Tribulus terrestris L. Zygophyllaceae (TT) is a plant that has been claimed to increase testosterone levels and improve sexual function, particularly erectile dysfunction, with potential benefits for male sexual health. Purpose: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of TT supplementation in improving sexual function and serum testosterone levels in men. Methods: We conducted a systematic review adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. After searching the literature (n = 162), 52 studies were selected for full-text reading, and 10 studies were eligible for this review, comprising 9 clinical trials and 1 quasi-experimental study (a study without a control). The Jadad score revealed low methodological quality for 50% of the studies. Results: The studies involved 15 to 172 participants (total = 483) aged between 16 and 70 years with different health conditions: healthy men (n = 5), oligozoospermia (n = 1), erectile dysfunction (n = 1), erectile dysfunction associated with hypogonadism (n = 2), and unexplained infertility (n = 1). TT supplementation at doses of 400 to 750 mg/d for 1 to 3 months improved erectile dysfunction in 3 of the 5 studies that assessed this parameter. Eight out of ten studies did not report significant changes in androgen profile following TT supplementation, but the subjects in the neutral studies did not have low androgen levels at baseline. Therefore, only 2 studies showed significant intra-group increase in total testosterone levels, which had low clinical magnitude (60–70 ng/dL) and involved subjects with hypogonadism. Conclusions: TT supplementation has a low level of evidence regarding its effectiveness in improving erectile function in men with erectile dysfunction, and no robust evidence was found for increasing testosterone levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Food Supplements in Human Health)

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16 pages, 5082 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Dynamic Deformation Characteristics of Artificial Structural Loess

by Yu Xi, Mingming Sun, Xueqing Hua, Yao Zhang and Ye Yuan

Buildings 2025, 15(7), 1198; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15071198 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

Due to the difficulties in sampling, high sensitivity to humidity, and inconvenience in storage, undisturbed loess is prone to changes in its original structure. Therefore, trace amounts of cement and salt are added to remolded soil to simulate the structure of undisturbed loess. [...] Read more.

Due to the difficulties in sampling, high sensitivity to humidity, and inconvenience in storage, undisturbed loess is prone to changes in its original structure. Therefore, trace amounts of cement and salt are added to remolded soil to simulate the structure of undisturbed loess. The GDS dynamic three-axial test apparatus was used to investigate the influence of dry density, cement content, and confining pressure (CP) on the dynamic distortion characteristics of artificially structured soil. Based on dynamic triaxial tests, the Hardin–Drnevich (H-D) model was established through fitting analysis. The research findings indicate that increased dry density, cement content, and CP can enhance the soil’s resistance to distortion. Under dynamic loading, the higher the CP, the smaller the damping ratio of the soil. With a dry density of 1.20 g/cm³ and 2% cement, the dynamic modulus of the artificially structured loess is similar to that of undisturbed loess. With a dry density of 1.60 g/cm³ and 2% cement, the CP is 200 kPa, the soil’s dynamic modulus of elasticity (DM-E) peak value is 113.14 MPa, and the damping ratio is 0.258. The good agreement between trial data and the predicted results demonstrates that the H-D hyperbolic model is appropriate for representing the DM-E of artificially structured loess. A three-dimensional model of the dynamic deformation characteristics and microstructure of artificial structural loess under dynamic loads was established. The findings can guide the study of the mechanical properties of loess under dynamic loading. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Vibration and Soil Dynamics—2nd Edition)

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7 pages, 185 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Cellular and Molecular Regulatory Signals in Root Growth and Development

by Guzel Kudoyarova

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(7), 3426; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073426 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

The responses of root growth and development to environmental changes ensure that plants adequately adapt to the availability of water and nutrients [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular and Molecular Regulatory Signals in Root Growth and Development)

19 pages, 8003 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Coherent Diffractive Imaging with Modulus Enforced Probe and Low Spatial Frequency Constraints

by Yingling Zhang, Zijian Xu, Bo Zhao, Xiangzhi Zhang, Ruoru Li, Sheng Chen and Shuhan Wu

Sensors 2025, 25(7), 2323; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072323 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

Dynamic behavior is prevalent in biological and condensed matter systems at the nano- and mesoscopic scales. Typically, we capture images as “snapshots” to demonstrate the evolution of a system, and coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CDI), as a lensless imaging technique, provides a nanoscale [...] Read more.

Dynamic behavior is prevalent in biological and condensed matter systems at the nano- and mesoscopic scales. Typically, we capture images as “snapshots” to demonstrate the evolution of a system, and coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CDI), as a lensless imaging technique, provides a nanoscale resolution, allowing us to clearly observe these microscopic phenomena. This paper presents a new dynamic CDI method based on zone-plate optics aiming to overcome the limitations of existing techniques in imaging fast dynamic processes by integrating the spatio-temporal dual constraint with a probe constraint. In this method, the modulus-enforced probe constraint and the temporal correlation of the dynamic sample low-frequency information are exploited and combined with an empty static region constraint in the dynamic sample. Using this method, we achieved a temporal resolution of 20 Hz and a spatial resolution of 13.2 nm, which were verified by visualized experimental results. Further comparisons showed that the reconstructed images were consistent with the ptychography reconstruction results, confirming the accuracy and feasibility of the method. This work is expected to provide a new tool for materials science and mesoscopic life sciences, promoting a deeper understanding of complex dynamic processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Sensing and Imaging Techniques for Structural Dynamics, Health Monitoring, and Integrity Assessment)

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19 pages, 6097 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phenotypic, Physiological, and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Different Responses to Salt Stress in Cultivated Red Lettuce and Wild Lettuce Seedlings

by Wei Chen, Jiahao Lian, Caiyun Hong, Shuguang Sun, Jia Hao, Shengqi Huang, Jialin Wang, Yue Guan, Zhenwei Lu, Zhenlong Wang, Shixin Zhu and Zhen Wei

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(7), 3425; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073425 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

Cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is considered one of the most important economic vegetables worldwide; however, it is subjected to different stresses (salt stress, etc.) during its growth and development, resulting in yield reductions. In this study, we selected cultivated red lettuce [...] Read more.

Cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is considered one of the most important economic vegetables worldwide; however, it is subjected to different stresses (salt stress, etc.) during its growth and development, resulting in yield reductions. In this study, we selected cultivated red lettuce and wild lettuce species (Lactuca serriola L.) to investigate the phenotypic and physiological changes in these lettuce under different salt treatment conditions. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the lettuce leaves and roots between the control and salt treatments were performed, identifying the key genes responding to salt stress. The results showed that the growth of the two types of lettuce was limited by salt stress, with decreased leaf area, main root length, biomass, and photosynthesis parameters noted. The cultivated red lettuce and the wild lettuce exhibited similar trends in terms of the variation in their antioxidant enzymatic activity and the content of osmoregulatory compounds in their leaves. The results of our transcriptomic analysis revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, transporters, cytochrome P450, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and isoflavonoid biosynthesis were involved in the response to salt stress in the lettuce seedlings. The red lettuce cultivar showed a greater abundance of DEGs related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis and aquaporins under the salt treatment, resulting in a salinity-tolerant capacity comparable to that of the wild lettuce species. These results reveal important biosynthesis pathways that may play a key role in the salt tolerance of lettuce seedlings and provide key candidate genes that could be functionally characterized further and utilized to genetically improve new salt-tolerant varieties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Molecular Breeding for Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Crops: 2nd Edition)

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10 pages, 236 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Endophthalmitis Rates Between Prefilled Syringes and Standard Vials in Aflibercept Intravitreal Injections: A Retrospective Study in Japan

by Masakazu Morioka, Yoshihiro Takamura, Shigeo Yoshida, Junya Mori, Tomoko Sawada, Hisashi Matsubara, Sentaro Kusuhara, Tomoya Murakami, Aki Kato, Hitoshi Tabuchi, Daisuke Nagasato, Tetsuo Ueda, Masahiko Shimura, Takao Hirano, Tatsuya Jujo, Yoshinori Mitamura, Masashi Nishigaki, Kozo Harimoto, Mariko Sasaki and Masaru Inatani

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(7), 2491; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072491 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: Bacterial endophthalmitis is a rare but serious complication of intravitreal injections (IVIs). Prefilled syringes have been introduced to reduce contamination risk during drug preparation. However, whether they lower the incidence of bacterial endophthalmitis compared to vials remains unclear. Methods: This retrospective cohort [...] Read more.

Background: Bacterial endophthalmitis is a rare but serious complication of intravitreal injections (IVIs). Prefilled syringes have been introduced to reduce contamination risk during drug preparation. However, whether they lower the incidence of bacterial endophthalmitis compared to vials remains unclear. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed aflibercept IVIs performed at 17 clinical centers in Japan between 2015 and 2022. Patients aged ≥20 years who received aflibercept IVIs (vial or prefilled syringe) for age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, retinal vein occlusion, or myopic choroidal neovascularization were included. Bacterial endophthalmitis was diagnosed based on clinical signs (e.g., rapid vision loss, pain, hypopyon, vitreous opacity). Incidence rates were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Among 152,039 injections (43,684 prefilled syringes; 108,355 vials), 12 cases of bacterial endophthalmitis were identified (0.0046% vs. 0.0092%, p = 0.53). Poor visual outcomes were associated with Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus spp., and diabetes. Conclusions: Although incidence was lower in the prefilled syringe group, the difference was not statistically significant. Detecting a significant difference requires a larger sample. Further studies are needed to confirm the potential benefits of prefilled syringes in reducing endophthalmitis risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ophthalmology)

21 pages, 1030 KiB

Open AccessReview

RON Receptor Signaling and the Tumor Microenvironment

by Emily Wachter, Levi H. Fox, Zhixin Lu, Angelle D. Jones, Nicholas D. Casto and Susan E. Waltz

Genes 2025, 16(4), 437; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16040437 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

The immune microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor growth and development. Immune activation within the tumor microenvironment is dynamic and can be modulated by tumor intrinsic and extrinsic signaling. The RON receptor tyrosine kinase is canonically associated with growth signaling and wound [...] Read more.

The immune microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor growth and development. Immune activation within the tumor microenvironment is dynamic and can be modulated by tumor intrinsic and extrinsic signaling. The RON receptor tyrosine kinase is canonically associated with growth signaling and wound healing, and this receptor is frequently overexpressed in a variety of cancers. Epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts express RON, presenting an important axis by which RON overexpressing tumors influence the tumor microenvironment. This review synthesizes the existing literature on the roles of tumor cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic RON signaling, highlighting areas of interest and gaps in knowledge that show potential for future studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics and Genomics)

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17 pages, 36321 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation of an M 7.1 Lateral Fault Coastal Earthquake: A Plausible Scenario for Seismic Hazard Assessment in Michoacan, Mexico

by Ricardo Vázquez Rosas, Jorge Aguirre González, Gerardo León Soto and José Antonio Hernández Servín

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 4026; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15074026 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

The effects of a synthetic M 7.1 strike lateral earthquake are evaluated at five sites in Michoacan state, western Mexico. In this work, the ground motion simulation was applied using the empirical Green’s function method proposed by Irikura (1986) by scaling the recordings [...] Read more.

The effects of a synthetic M 7.1 strike lateral earthquake are evaluated at five sites in Michoacan state, western Mexico. In this work, the ground motion simulation was applied using the empirical Green’s function method proposed by Irikura (1986) by scaling the recordings of an M 5.1 left-lateral event to a hypothetical M 7.1 event assuming the same source mechanism. An M 4.3 was used as a Green’s function to generate an M 5.1 synthetic earthquake. Comparing the observed and synthetic M 5.1 earthquake, parameters were adjusted in order to scale the M 7.1 earthquake. Seven scenarios were tested for which the corresponding PGA and PGV were calculated. The results show that the maximum intensities at each station depend on the proposed rupture starting point. The highest Peak Ground Acceleration was 74.1 cm/s² corresponding to an intensity MMI of V at FMIR station located 60 km from the epicenter. The synthetic results constitute a useful input for seismic hazard studies in a state with poor instrumental deployment, such as Michoacan, and for technical standards for earthquake design that could be considered in the corresponding construction regulations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Earthquake Engineering and Seismic Risk)

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24 pages, 4478 KiB

Open AccessArticle

DNA-Inspired Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithm for Secure and Efficient Image Encryption

by Mahmoud A. Abdelaal, Abdellatif I. Moustafa, H. Kasban, H. Saleh, Hanaa A. Abdallah and Mohamed Yasin I. Afifi

Sensors 2025, 25(7), 2322; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072322 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

As IoT devices proliferate in critical areas like healthcare or nuclear safety, it necessitates the provision of cryptographic solutions with security and computational efficiency. Very well-established encryption mechanisms such as AES, RC4, and XOR cannot strike a balance between speed, energy consumption, and [...] Read more.

As IoT devices proliferate in critical areas like healthcare or nuclear safety, it necessitates the provision of cryptographic solutions with security and computational efficiency. Very well-established encryption mechanisms such as AES, RC4, and XOR cannot strike a balance between speed, energy consumption, and robustness. Moreover, most DNA-based solutions are not cognizant of the hardware limitations of IoT platforms such as Arduino R3. This paper proposes an improved encryption technique incorporating stochastic DNA-inspired processing with optical computing in a resource-constrained environment. The proposed algorithm employs stochastic pixel selection with DNA-encoded key generation and is further enhanced by parallel optical processing to overcome the trade-offs of conventional techniques during implementation. Experimental trials performed on Arduino R3 established superior performance in terms of an encryption time of 3956 μs and memory usage of 773 bytes, placing it ahead of AES and XOR-based approaches. Apart from the tests performed, security analyses have revealed a strong resistant position upon differential cryptanalysis (DP = 0.051) and linear cryptanalysis (LP = 0.045), with an almost-ideal key entropy (7.99 bits/key) and minimal autocorrelation (0.018). This research offers practical applications in real-time medical monitoring and nuclear radiation detection systems by closing the existing gap in hardware-aware DNA cryptography. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sensing and Imaging)

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20 pages, 12609 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Response of Riverbed Shaping to a Flood Event in the Reach from Alar to Xinquman in the Mainstream of the Tarim River

by Mingcheng Zhao, Yujian Li, Lin Li and Wenhong Dai

Water 2025, 17(7), 1092; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17071092 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

As the largest inland river in China, the Tarim River’s flood events significantly influence its riverbed formation. This paper took the Alar to Xinquman section of the Tarim River as the study area. The study area’s digital elevation model of the river was [...] Read more.

As the largest inland river in China, the Tarim River’s flood events significantly influence its riverbed formation. This paper took the Alar to Xinquman section of the Tarim River as the study area. The study area’s digital elevation model of the river was constructed using historical Google images and Copernicus DEM 30. Six different flood events were selected, corresponding to flood events with varying sediment loads, flood volumes, and peak flow volumes. The MIKE 21 software was used to simulate and investigate the response of the riverbed shape to different flood events. The experimental findings indicate that the sand content constitutes a pivotal factor in the formation of the riverbed during flood events. Flood sediment load goes through stages linked to changes in riverbed erosion and deposition. The combination of high peak flow and bed-forming flow after the peak effectively shapes the central channel’s morphology. The fourth type of flood event had the highest sediment transport coefficient Φ among the six types of floods and caused the most significant scouring effect on the riverbed under low sediment load conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flow Dynamics and Sediment Transport in Rivers and Coasts)

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21 pages, 1912 KiB

Open AccessReview

Unraveling the Complexities of Flowering in Ornamental Plants: The Interplay of Genetics, Hormonal Networks, and Microbiome

by Muhammad Aizaz, Lubna, Syed Salman Hashmi, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Rahmatullah Jan, Saqib Bilal, Kyung-Min Kim, Ahmed Al-Harrasi and Sajjad Asaf

Plants 2025, 14(7), 1131; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14071131 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

In ornamental plants, one of the most complex life processes, i.e., flowering, is regulated by interaction between the microbiota, hormones, and genes. Flowering plays an integral role in overall development and is quintessential for reproduction. Considering its importance, this review explores the complex [...] Read more.

In ornamental plants, one of the most complex life processes, i.e., flowering, is regulated by interaction between the microbiota, hormones, and genes. Flowering plays an integral role in overall development and is quintessential for reproduction. Considering its importance, this review explores the complex mechanisms that determine the induction of flowering, highlighting the relationship between hormonal and genetic networks as well as the growing significance of the microbiome. Important genes involved in genetic control include FT, SOC1, and LFY. These genes react to environmental stimuli like photoperiod and vernalization. Auxins, cytokinin, and gibberellins are only a few hormone pathways important for floral growth and timing. The importance of plant–microbe interactions has been emphasized by current research, which shows that the microbiome affects flowering through processes like hormone production and availability of food. A comprehensive understanding of flowering induction is possible by integrating results from microbiota, hormones, and genetics studies, which may improve the breeding and culture of ornamental plants. For researchers to understand the complexity of flowering in ornamental plants and develop unique breeding strategies and improved floral qualities, it is critical to use interdisciplinary approaches, as this comprehensive investigation demonstrates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Horticultural Science and Ornamental Plants)

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14 pages, 815 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nutritional Profile Analysis of Active and Sedentary Older Adults: Differences Between Spain and China

by Alba Niño, José Gerardo Villa-Vicente and Pilar S. Collado

Nutrients 2025, 17(7), 1274; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071274 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: the aging process is understood as a dynamic and plastic phenomenon involving various physiological and functional changes, which can be modified or modulated by external factors and lifestyle choices. Nutrition and regular physical activity have demonstrated their unique contribution to functional health [...] Read more.

Background: the aging process is understood as a dynamic and plastic phenomenon involving various physiological and functional changes, which can be modified or modulated by external factors and lifestyle choices. Nutrition and regular physical activity have demonstrated their unique contribution to functional health and energy balance. This study investigates the impact of nutrition on physical condition among individuals over 65, focusing on energy intake, macronutrient consumption, and lipid profiles. Methods: for this purpose, four groups were analyzed: Maintenance Gymnastics, Tai Chi, Professional Tai Chi, and a sedentary control group. Objectives: the goal was to assess whether a better diet correlates with better physical outcomes. Results: all activity groups showed inadequate dietary patterns. The Spanish population consumed fewer carbohydrates and excess protein and fat, while the Chinese population adhered more closely to carbohydrate and lipid recommendations, maintaining a hyperproteic diet. Conclusions: the key differences were not in diet but in physical activity levels. The Asian lifestyle places strong emphasis on lifelong physical activity, complemented by culinary habits that enhance certain dietary parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Nutrition)

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27 pages, 5521 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of the Smoothness of an Intelligent Chassis in Electric Vehicles

by Chuzhao Ma, Zhengyi Wang, Ti Wu and Jintao Su

World Electr. Veh. J. 2025, 16(4), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16040219 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

This study examines the smoothness of an intelligent chassis for electric vehicles, analyzes the chassis structure and configuration, and considers the impacts of the primary energy subsystem, electric drive subsystem, and auxiliary control subsystem on smoothness. The influence of suspension parameters on smoothness [...] Read more.

This study examines the smoothness of an intelligent chassis for electric vehicles, analyzes the chassis structure and configuration, and considers the impacts of the primary energy subsystem, electric drive subsystem, and auxiliary control subsystem on smoothness. The influence of suspension parameters on smoothness is examined, highlighting the significance of elastic element stiffness and the shock absorber damping ratio. Dynamic models of quarter- and half-car suspension systems, as well as a comprehensive nine-degree-of-freedom vehicle model, are developed to examine the vibration characteristics under varying road conditions. The chassis suspension dynamic model is developed, simulated, and analyzed using ADAMS/View software 2024. The suspension damping value is optimized with the ADAMS/PostProcessor tool, revealing that smoothness can be enhanced by judiciously decreasing the damping value. The article discusses the human body’s reaction to vibration and assessment metrics, referencing worldwide standards to establish a foundation for evaluation. The study offers theoretical backing for the design and optimization of an intelligent chassis, hence advancing the technological development of electric vehicles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design Theory and Methods of Intelligent Electric Vehicle Chassis)

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23 pages, 3392 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Tracking Control with Global Prescribed Performance Function for the Twin Otter Aircraft System

by Dan Bai, Changliang Lin, Zhiwei Ding, Lin Sun, Xiaoming Xie and Chonglang Lai

Aerospace 2025, 12(4), 311; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12040311 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

This paper investigates an adaptive fault-tolerant control strategy for the Twin Otter aircraft, aimed at addressing critical challenges arising from system uncertainties and actuator faults. A global prescribed performance function is employed to ensure pre-determined transient and steady-state tracking performance under uncertainties and [...] Read more.

This paper investigates an adaptive fault-tolerant control strategy for the Twin Otter aircraft, aimed at addressing critical challenges arising from system uncertainties and actuator faults. A global prescribed performance function is employed to ensure pre-determined transient and steady-state tracking performance under uncertainties and faults. Differing from existing prescribed performance controllers, the proposed approach is characterized by (1) no limitation on the initial tracking error; (2) no requirement for tracking error normalization; and (3) incorporation of an improved monitoring function. Specifically, this novel monitoring function dynamically adjusts prescribed error bounds based on real-time fault information, thus enhancing flexibility and robustness. Furthermore, fixed-time convergence of the tracking error is rigorously guaranteed, significantly improving system reliability and safety. Although the simplified Twin Otter aircraft model analyzed herein is a second-order parametric strict-feedback system, the theoretical framework extends naturally to higher-order strict-feedback systems. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method are validated through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations on a Twin Otter aircraft system with time-varying parameters and actuator faults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue On-Board Systems Design for Aerospace Vehicles (2nd Edition))

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15 pages, 3305 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Knockout of the OsGAPDHC6 Gene Encoding a Cytosolic Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Reacts Sensitively to Abiotic Stress in Rice

by Jin-Young Kim, Ye-Ji Lee, Hye-Mi Lee, Yoo-Seob Jung, Jiyun Go, Hyo-Ju Lee, Ki-Sun Nam, Jong-Hee Kim, Kwon-Kyoo Kang and Yu-Jin Jung

Genes 2025, 16(4), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16040436 (registering DOI) - 6 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) enzyme, encoded by OsGAPDHC6, plays a crucial role in glycolysis while participating in various physiological and stress response pathways. Methods: In this study, the expression levels of the OsGAPDHC1 and OsGAPDHC6 genes were investigated over time by [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) enzyme, encoded by OsGAPDHC6, plays a crucial role in glycolysis while participating in various physiological and stress response pathways. Methods: In this study, the expression levels of the OsGAPDHC1 and OsGAPDHC6 genes were investigated over time by treating various abiotic stresses (ABA, PEG, NaCl, heat, and cold) in rice seedlings. Results: As a result, the expression levels of both genes in the ABA-treated group increased continuously for 0–6 h and then de-creased sharply from 12 h onwards. The mutational induction of the GAPDHC6 gene by the CRISPR/Cas9 system generated a stop codon through a 1 bp insertion into protein production. The knockout (KO) lines showed differences in seed length, seed width, and seed thickness compared to wild-type (WT) varieties. In addition, KO lines showed a lower germination rate, germination ability, and germination index of seeds under salt treatment compared to WT, and leaf damage due to 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining was very high due to malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. The KO line was lower regarding the expression level of stress-related genes compared to WT. Conclusions: Therefore, the OsGAPDHC6 gene is evaluated as a gene that can increase salt resistance in rice as it actively responds to salt stress in the early stages of growth, occurring from seed germination to just before the tilling stage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Genetics and Genomics)

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20 pages, 8408 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Implementation of a Low-Power Biopotential Amplifier in 28 nm CMOS Technology with a Compact Die-Area of 2500 μm² and an Ultra-High Input Impedance

by Esmaeil Ranjbar Koleibi, William Lemaire, Konin Koua, Maher Benhouria, Reza Bostani, Mahziar Serri Mazandarani, Luis-Philip Gauthier, Marwan Besrour, Jérémy Ménard, Mahdi Majdoub, Benoit Gosselin, Sébastien Roy and Réjean Fontaine

Sensors 2025, 25(7), 2320; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072320 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Neural signal recording demands compact, low-power, high-performance amplifiers, to enable large-scale, multi-channel electrode arrays. This work presents a bioamplifier optimized for action potential detection, designed using TSMC 28 nm HPC CMOS technology. The amplifier integrates an active low-pass filter, eliminating bulky DC-blocking capacitors [...] Read more.

Neural signal recording demands compact, low-power, high-performance amplifiers, to enable large-scale, multi-channel electrode arrays. This work presents a bioamplifier optimized for action potential detection, designed using TSMC 28 nm HPC CMOS technology. The amplifier integrates an active low-pass filter, eliminating bulky DC-blocking capacitors and significantly reducing the size and power consumption. It achieved a high input impedance of 105.5 GΩ, ensuring minimal signal attenuation. Simulation and measurement results demonstrated a mid-band gain of 58 dB, a −3 dB bandwidth of 7 kHz, and an input-referred noise of 11.1

μ

V_{rms}

, corresponding to a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 8.4. The design occupies a compact area of 2500

μ

m

^{2}

, making it smaller than previous implementations for similar applications. Additionally, it operates with an ultra-low power consumption of 3.4

μ

W from a 1.2 V supply, yielding a power efficiency factor (PEF) of 85 and an area efficiency factor of 0.21. These features make the proposed amplifier well suited for multi-site in-skull neural recording systems, addressing critical constraints regarding miniaturization and power efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue (Bio)sensors for Physiological Monitoring)

29 pages, 660 KiB

Open AccessReview

Methodology of Epidemic Risk Analysis in the Naval Military

by Laetitia Peultier-Celli, Alain Gérard, Franck Letourneur, Clara Inghels, Audrey Duclos and Philippe Perrin

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(4), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22040572 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

This review of the literature examines diseases and pathogen characteristics on military vessels, in order to improve the success of missions on a boat. Our aim is to understand the spread of disease, aiming to maximize biological resilience and hopefully eliminate outbreaks. Keyword [...] Read more.

This review of the literature examines diseases and pathogen characteristics on military vessels, in order to improve the success of missions on a boat. Our aim is to understand the spread of disease, aiming to maximize biological resilience and hopefully eliminate outbreaks. Keyword research was conducted from various sources of information, including scientific publications, theses, public health organization websites, and clinical trials. A synthesis of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitosis characteristics was established, and a risk prioritization index was defined, based on contagiousness (basic reproduction number (R0)) and clinical severity. For instance, COVID-19 was assessed as moderately contagious, with critical severity, and Influenza A H1N1 as having a minor level of contagiousness with critical severity, resulting in a level two out of three risk prioritization index. This approach demonstrates that while diseases have numerous characteristics, a method for classifying them by isolating specific criteria and prioritizing them could be proposed. In conclusion, further work is needed to analyze onboard operator activities and develop simulation models related to pathogen characteristics. Full article

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22 pages, 10416 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Forming Process Prediction Model and Application of Laser Cladding for Remanufactured Screw Pump Rotors

by Haiying Zu, Yongpeng Liu, Sihui Chen, Xiang Jin, Weidong Ye, Mingyuan Sun, Zhongmin Xiao and Liming Yao

Materials 2025, 18(7), 1673; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071673 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

In order to achieve high-quality repair of complex curved parts, a remanufacturing process method utilizing laser cladding and reverse engineering technology is proposed to be implemented by robots. This study focuses on the oscillating helical surface of a screw pump rotor. A single-pass [...] Read more.

In order to achieve high-quality repair of complex curved parts, a remanufacturing process method utilizing laser cladding and reverse engineering technology is proposed to be implemented by robots. This study focuses on the oscillating helical surface of a screw pump rotor. A single-pass laser cladding test is conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to construct a predictive model and identify optimal process parameters. The model’s accuracy is validated through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and index verification, while the optimal lap rate is determined through multi-pass laser cladding testing. Using reverse engineering technology, the generation of laser cladding paths for complex surfaces is explored, and the trajectory planning for the laser cladding robot is carried out. Simulations and experiments of robotic laser cladding on complex surfaces are performed, with the optimal process parameters guiding both the experiment and simulation. The optimum single-pass cladding layer, with a lap rate of 25.6%, is achieved when the laser power is 2217 W, the powder feed rate is 2.86 r/min, and the scanning speed is 400 mm/min. The study successfully plans the path for laser cladding on complex curved parts, verifying its feasibility and effectiveness, verifying that there is good metallurgical bonding between the cladding layer and the substrate, and helping to select the appropriate process parameters that are consistent with the requirements of a particular application, thus providing valuable guidance for the remanufacture of failed metal parts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rising Stars in Additive Manufacturing)

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25 pages, 19507 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Extensive Feature-Inferring Deep Network for Hyperspectral and Multispectral Image Fusion

by Abdolraheem Khader, Jingxiang Yang, Sara Abdelwahab Ghorashi, Ali Ahmed, Zeinab Dehghan and Liang Xiao

Remote Sens. 2025, 17(7), 1308; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17071308 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Hyperspectral (HS) and multispectral (MS) image fusion is the most favorable way to obtain a hyperspectral image that has high resolution in terms of spatial and spectral information. This fusion problem can be accomplished by formulating a mathematical model and solving it either [...] Read more.

Hyperspectral (HS) and multispectral (MS) image fusion is the most favorable way to obtain a hyperspectral image that has high resolution in terms of spatial and spectral information. This fusion problem can be accomplished by formulating a mathematical model and solving it either analytically or iteratively. The mathematical solutions class has serious challenges, e.g., computation cost, manually tuning parameters, and the absence of imaging models that laboriously affect the fusion process. With the revolution of deep learning, the recent HS-MS image fusion techniques gained good outcomes by utilizing the power of the convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction. Moreover, extracting intrinsic information, e.g., non-local spatial and global spectral features, is the most critical issue faced by deep learning methods. Therefore, this paper proposes an Extensive Feature-Inferring Deep Network (EFINet) with extensive-scale feature-interacting and global correlation refinement modules to improve the effectiveness of HS-MS image fusion. The proposed network retains the most vital information through the extensive-scale feature-interacting module in various feature scales. Moreover, the global semantic information is achieved by utilizing the global correlation refinement module. The proposed network is validated through rich experiments conducted on two popular datasets, the Houston and Chikusei datasets, and it attains good performance compared to the state-of-the-art HS-MS image fusion techniques. Full article

22 pages, 4702 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Engineered ATP-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Novel Strategy to Counteract Cell ATP Depletion in an In Vitro Model

by Maria Antonietta Grignano, Silvia Pisani, Marilena Gregorini, Giorgia Rainaudo, Maria Antonietta Avanzini, Stefania Croce, Chiara Valsecchi, Gabriele Ceccarelli, Tefik Islami, Elisabetta Margiotta, Valentina Portalupi, Andreana De Mauri, Emma Diletta Stea, Eleonora Francesca Pattonieri, Paolo Iadarola, Simona Viglio, Bice Conti and Teresa Rampino

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(7), 3424; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073424 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

The use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has shown promising effects in alleviating ischemic damage across various tissues. However, the penetration of ATP into kidney tubular cells presents a challenge due to their unique anatomical and physiological properties. In this study, we introduce a [...] Read more.

The use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has shown promising effects in alleviating ischemic damage across various tissues. However, the penetration of ATP into kidney tubular cells presents a challenge due to their unique anatomical and physiological properties. In this study, we introduce a novel bioinspired drug delivery system utilizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and engineered to carry ATP. ATP-loaded liposomes (ATP-LPs) and ATP-loaded EVs (ATP-EVs) were prepared using microfluidic technology, followed by characterization of their morphology (DLS, NTA, SEM, TEM), ATP content, and release rate at 37 °C (pH 7.4). Additionally, the delivery efficacy of ATP-LPs and ATP-EVs was evaluated in vitro on renal cells (HK2 cells) under chemically induced ischemia. The results indicated successful ATP enrichment in EVs, with ATP-EVs showing no significant changes in morphology or size compared to naïve EVs. Notably, ATP-EVs demonstrated superior ATP retention compared to ATP-LPs, protecting the ATP from degradation in the extracellular environment. In an ATP-depleted HK2 cell model, only ATP-EVs effectively restored ATP levels, preserving cell viability and reducing apoptotic gene expression (BCL2-BAX). This study is the first to successfully demonstrate the direct delivery of ATP into renal tubular cells in vitro using EVs as carriers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications)

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