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18 pages, 269 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Foreign Residency Rights and Corporate Greenwashing: Evidence from China’s Heavily Polluting Industries

by Xuejiao Zhang, Hua Chen and Ao Sun

Sustainability 2025, 17(16), 7180; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167180 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Against the backdrop of economic globalization and the increasing adoption of ESG principles, the phenomenon of Chinese private firms’ actual controllers obtaining foreign residency rights has garnered societal attention. Among the emerging issues, “whether and how actual controllers’ foreign residency rights influence corporate [...] Read more.

Against the backdrop of economic globalization and the increasing adoption of ESG principles, the phenomenon of Chinese private firms’ actual controllers obtaining foreign residency rights has garnered societal attention. Among the emerging issues, “whether and how actual controllers’ foreign residency rights influence corporate greenwashing behavior” has become a critical theoretical and practical concern. This study examines Chinese privately listed A-share companies in heavily polluting industries from 2010 to 2021, employing text analysis to identify symbolic and substantive environmental behaviors through the lens of environmental information disclosure, thereby constructing a comprehensive greenwashing measurement index system. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between actual controllers’ foreign residency rights and corporate greenwashing, with this effect demonstrating long-term persistence. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that this relationship is more pronounced in companies where actual controllers exercise direct control compared to those with indirect control. Further tests demonstrate that enhanced internal control quality, increased media scrutiny, and stringent audit supervision can effectively mitigate the greenwashing-promoting effect of actual controllers’ foreign residency rights. The conclusions not only extend the theoretical framework of how executive characteristics influence corporate decision-making but also provide a reference governmental departments can use to improve the environmental regulatory policies of affiliates of holders of overseas residency rights. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corporate Sustainability: Enhancing Supply Chain Resilience and Environmental Performance)

28 pages, 2248 KiB

Open AccessReview

Role of Ionizing Radiation in Shaping the Complex Multi-Layered Epigenome

by Claudia E. Rübe, Mutaz A. Abd Al-razaq, Carola Meier, Markus Hecht and Christian Rübe

Epigenomes 2025, 9(3), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes9030029 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

The impact of ionizing radiation (IR) with induction of various DNA damage is based not only on genetic but also on epigenetic effects. Epigenetic modifications determine the chromatin structure and DNA accessibility, thereby regulating cellular functions through the expression of individual genes or [...] Read more.

The impact of ionizing radiation (IR) with induction of various DNA damage is based not only on genetic but also on epigenetic effects. Epigenetic modifications determine the chromatin structure and DNA accessibility, thereby regulating cellular functions through the expression of individual genes or entire groups of genes. However, the influence of DNA repair processes on the restoration of local chromatin structures and global nuclear architectures is still insufficiently understood. In multicellular organisms, epigenetic mechanisms control diverse cellular functions of specific cell types through precise temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression and silencing. How altered epigenetic mechanisms regulate the pathophysiological function of cells, tissues, and ultimately entire organs following IR exposure remains to be investigated in detail. Radiation-induced epigenetic processes are particularly critical for immature cell populations such as tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells during development and differentiation of organ tissues. Genome-wide patterns of DNA and histone modifications are established cell types—specifically during the development and differentiation of organ tissues but can also be fundamentally altered in adult organism by stress responses, such as radiation-induced DNA damage. Following IR exposure, epigenetic factors are not always fully restored to their original state, resulting in epigenetic dysfunction that causes cells to lose their original identity and function. Moreover, severe radiation-induced DNA damage can induce premature senescence of cells in complex tissues, which ultimately leads to signs of aging and age-related diseases such as cancer. In this work, we provide an overview of the most important epigenetic changes following IR exposure and their pathophysiological significance for the development of acute and chronic radiation reactions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Features Papers in Epigenomes 2025)

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10 pages, 487 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anterior vs. Posterior Bite Raisers: Assessment of Quality of Life and Pain Experience

by Francesca Silvestrini-Biavati, Andrea Abate, Elis Kola, Maria Elena Grecolini, Valentina Lanteri and Alessandro Ugolini

Children 2025, 12(8), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12081040 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

Objective: This retrospective study aims to assess the impact of bite-raising on patients’ quality of life and to compare the outcomes of anterior versus posterior build-ups. Materials and Methods: A total of 94 young adolescents treated with fixed orthodontic were selected and divided [...] Read more.

Objective: This retrospective study aims to assess the impact of bite-raising on patients’ quality of life and to compare the outcomes of anterior versus posterior build-ups. Materials and Methods: A total of 94 young adolescents treated with fixed orthodontic were selected and divided into two groups: the anterior bite raisers group (ABG) and the posterior bite raisers group (PBG). To enable comparison with untreated individuals, a control group (CG) of 50 subjects was also included. Pain intensity was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was measured through the OHIP-14 questionnaire (Italian validated version) before treatment and during each appointment for the first 3 months after build-ups placement. Results: Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment without bite raisers (CG) reported lower OHIP-14 scores compared to those with anterior (ABG) and posterior (PBG) bite raisers. In both ABG and PBG, the most commonly reported side effects included difficulty eating, oral pain, and feelings of embarrassment in social situations—similar to those reported by the control group. However, participants in the ABG also reported challenges in pronouncing certain words. Furthermore, the ABG experienced higher levels of physical pain, physical disability, and psychological discomfort compared to both the PBG and CG. Patients in the ABG reported more build-ups detachments or breakages than patients in PBG (ABG 32% vs. PBG 18%, p < 0.01). Build-ups were removed due to adequate overbite correction significantly before in the ABG (4.2 ± 0.9 months) than in the PBG (6.1 ± 1.4 months, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Anterior bite raisers have a significantly greater impact on patients’ quality of life compared to posterior bite raisers, leading to increased difficulties in eating and speech, higher levels of physical pain and disability, greater psychological discomfort, and more intense pain following build-ups placement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Dentistry & Oral Medicine)

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16 pages, 3412 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Process of Electroplating a Ni Coating on a Carbon Fiber Surface Under the Condition of an Electroplating Solution Without Additives

by Wenjun Huo, Yubo Jia, Riping Zang, Xi Xia and Zhaozhao Lv

Coatings 2025, 15(8), 927; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15080927 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

To achieve superior interfacial bonding between carbon fibers and an Al matrix, this study employed a simplified electroplating system to deposit Ni coatings on carbon fibers using an additive-free electrolyte. The investigation first optimized the carbon fiber heat treatment process, followed by systematic [...] Read more.

To achieve superior interfacial bonding between carbon fibers and an Al matrix, this study employed a simplified electroplating system to deposit Ni coatings on carbon fibers using an additive-free electrolyte. The investigation first optimized the carbon fiber heat treatment process, followed by systematic examination of electroplating parameters affecting the Ni coating microstructure. Key findings demonstrate that (1) thermal treatment of carbon fibers significantly enhances their wettability with the electroplating solution; (2) controlled deposition of smooth, uniform, and continuous Ni coatings requires precise optimization of nickel sulfate concentration, applied voltage, and pH value. This work establishes a cost-effective technical foundation for producing high-quality Ni-coated carbon fibers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification)

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17 pages, 392 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Fermenting Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Tubers with Candida tropicalis KKU20 as a Soybean Meal Replacement Using an In Vitro Gas Technique

by Thiraphat Surakhai, Chanon Suntara, Pachara Srichompoo, Metha Wanapat, Sompong Chankaew and Anusorn Cherdthong

Animals 2025, 15(16), 2328; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15162328 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with winged bean tuber (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) fermented using ruminal Candida tropicalis KKU20 on gas kinetics, ruminal fermentation, and degradability using the in vitro gas production technique. A 3 × 4 factorial [...] Read more.

This study evaluated the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with winged bean tuber (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) fermented using ruminal Candida tropicalis KKU20 on gas kinetics, ruminal fermentation, and degradability using the in vitro gas production technique. A 3 × 4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design was used. Factor A included three roughage-to-concentrate (R:C) ratios: 60:40, 50:50, and 40:60. Factor B consisted of four levels of SBM replacement with yeast-fermented winged bean tuber (YFWBT): 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100%. Fermentation with C. tropicalis KKU20 increased the crude protein content of winged bean tuber by 13.32%. No significant interaction was found between the R:C ratio and YFWBT level for cumulative gas production at 24, 48, or 96 h (p > 0.05). Cumulative gas production at 96 h was not affected by either factor. However, at 24 and 48 h, gas production increased with higher proportions of concentrate (p < 0.05). Both the R:C ratio and YFWBT level significantly influenced pH and ammonia–nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentrations (p < 0.01). After 24 h, NH₃-N ranged from 7.66 to 13.76 mg/dL, rising to 16.44–16.63 mg/dL after 48 h. A significant interaction (p < 0.01) was observed for in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter degradability (IVOMD). Increasing concentrate levels along with YFWBT inclusion improved degradability at both incubation times. The highest IVDMD (64.49%) and IVOMD (65.81%) were recorded at 48 h in the 40:60 R:C ratio with 33% YFWBT. At 48 h, a significant interaction effect (p < 0.05) was also found for total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and propionic acid (C3) concentrations. Total VFA peaked in the 40:60 group with 33% YFWBT (104.31 mM), while the highest C3 concentration (26.22%) was observed in the same R:C group with 66% YFWBT. At 24 h, total VFA was significantly affected by the R:C ratio (p < 0.05), with the lowest values in the 60:40 group and increasing in response to higher concentrate and YFWBT levels. Incorporating YFWBT at 33% in diets with an R:C ratio of 40:60 optimized degradability, indicating its potential as a sustainable alternative to SBM in ruminant nutrition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytochemicals and Feed Additives in Ruminant Nutrition: Effects on Health, Microbiota, and Methane Emissions)

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9 pages, 762 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does a Dual-Mobility Cup Offer Better Stability than Conventional Bearings in Hip Arthroplasty Following Femoral Neck Fracture?

by Itay Ron, Itay Ashkenazi, Nimrod Snir, Yaniv Warschawski and Aviram Gold

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(16), 5613; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14165613 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Instability following total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a challenging complication. Dual-mobility (DM) hip components are aimed at improving joint stability by increasing the head-neck ratio and jump distance. However, data regarding the efficacy of these implants in the trauma setting are scarce. [...] Read more.

Introduction: Instability following total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a challenging complication. Dual-mobility (DM) hip components are aimed at improving joint stability by increasing the head-neck ratio and jump distance. However, data regarding the efficacy of these implants in the trauma setting are scarce. This study aimed to compare the dislocation rates of DM bearings with conventional THA in patients undergoing primary THA for the treatment of hip fractures. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent THA for hip fractures between the years 2010–2022 and had a minimum follow-up of two years. Patient demographics and radiographic parameters, including cup version, leg length discrepancy (LLD) and femoral horizontal offset, were compared between patients who received DM bearings and patients who received conventional THA. Dislocation and revision surgery rates were also compared between the groups. Results: The study included 570 patients who met inclusion criteria, of which 82 patients were in the DM bearings group and 488 patients were in the conventional THA group. Baseline demographics and comorbidity profiles were comparable between the groups. Cup anteversion was significantly lower in the DM group (11.1° vs. 14.1°; p = 0.006), while no significant differences were observed in LLD nor femoral offset between the groups (p = 0.38, p = 0.69, respectively). Dislocation rates were similar between the DM and conventional THA groups (1.2% vs. 1.02%, respectively; p = 0.54). Furthermore, revision rates were similar between DM and conventional THA (1.22% vs. 2.87%, respectively; p = 0.387). Conclusions: While no significant differences in dislocation rates were observed between dual-mobility and conventional THA bearings, the significantly lower cup anteversion suggests a potential improvement in acetabular safe zone positioning, this could reflect a broader margin for error in implant positioning. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the biomechanical advantages of DM bearings in patients with hip fractures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hip Fracture and Surgery: Clinical Updates and Challenges)

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11 pages, 2092 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiplayer Virtual Labs for Electronic Circuit Design: A Digital Twin-Based Learning Approach

by Konstantinos Sakkas, Niki Eleni Ntagka, Michail Spyridakis, Andreas Miltiadous, Euripidis Glavas, Alexandros T. Tzallas and Nikolaos Giannakeas

Electronics 2025, 14(16), 3163; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14163163 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

The rapid development of digital technologies is opening up new avenues for transforming education, particularly in fields that require practical training, such as electronic circuit design. In this context, this paper presents the development of a multiplayer virtual learning platform that makes use [...] Read more.

The rapid development of digital technologies is opening up new avenues for transforming education, particularly in fields that require practical training, such as electronic circuit design. In this context, this paper presents the development of a multiplayer virtual learning platform that makes use of digital twins technology to offer a realistic, collaborative experience in a simulated environment. Users can interact in real time through synchronized avatars, voice communication, and multiple viewing angles, simulating a physical classroom. Evaluation of the platform with undergraduate students showed positive results in terms of usability, collaboration, and learning effectiveness. Despite the limitations of the sample, the findings reinforce the prospect of virtual laboratories as a modern tool in technical education. Full article

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17 pages, 550 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling Strategies for Conducting Wave Surveillance Using a Swarm of Security Drones

by Oleg Fedorovich, Mikhail Lukhanin, Dmytro Krytskyi and Oleksandr Prokhorov

Computation 2025, 13(8), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13080193 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

This work formulates and solves the actual problem of studying the logistics of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations in facility security planning. The study is related to security tasks, including perimeter control, infrastructure condition monitoring, prevention of unauthorized access, and analysis of potential [...] Read more.

This work formulates and solves the actual problem of studying the logistics of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations in facility security planning. The study is related to security tasks, including perimeter control, infrastructure condition monitoring, prevention of unauthorized access, and analysis of potential threats. Thus, the topic of the proposed publication is relevant as it examines the sequence of logistical actions in the large-scale application of a swarm of drones for facility protection. The purpose of the research is to create a set of mathematical and simulation models that can be used to analyze the capabilities of a drone swarm when organizing security measures. The article analyzes modern problems of using a drone swarm: formation of the swarm, assessment of its potential capabilities, organization of patrols, development of monitoring scenarios, planning of drone routes and assessment of the effectiveness of the security system. Special attention is paid to the possibilities of wave patrols to provide continuous surveillance of the object. In order to form a drone swarm and possibly divide it into groups sent to different surveillance zones, the necessary UAV capacity to effectively perform security tasks is assessed. Possible security scenarios using drone waves are developed as follows: single patrolling with limited resources; two-wave patrolling; and multi-stage patrolling for complete coverage of the protected area with the required number of UAVs. To select priority monitoring areas, the functional potential of drones and current risks are taken into account. An optimization model of rational distribution of drones into groups to ensure effective control of the protected area is created. Possible variants of drone group formation are analyzed as follows: allocation of one priority surveillance zone, formation of a set of key zones, or even distribution of swarm resources along the entire perimeter. Possible scenarios for dividing the drone swarm in flight are developed as follows: dividing the swarm into groups at the launch stage, dividing the swarm at a given navigation point on the route, and repeatedly dividing the swarm at different patrol points. An original algorithm for the formation of drone flight routes for object surveillance based on the simulation modeling of the movement of virtual objects simulating drones has been developed. An agent-based model on the AnyLogic platform was created to study the logistics of security operations. The scientific novelty of the study is related to the actual task of forming possible strategies for using a swarm of drones to provide integrated security of objects, which contributes to improving the efficiency of security and monitoring systems. The results of the study can be used by specialists in security, logistics, infrastructure monitoring and other areas related to the use of drone swarms for effective control and protection of facilities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Computer Technologies in Mechanical Engineering—Synergetic Engineering IV)

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16 pages, 463 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

The Role of Pharmacogenetic Biomarkers in Pain

by Ivan Martin da Silva, Adrián Plaza-Díaz, Jesus Ruiz-Ramos, Ana Juanes-Borrego and Pau Riera

Biomedicines 2025, 13(8), 1935; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081935 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Pain—whether acute, chronic, or neuropathic—remains a leading cause of disability and reduced quality of life worldwide. Despite advances in pharmacologic options, interindividual variability in response and susceptibility to adverse effects continues to challenge clinicians. In recent years, pharmacogenetics has emerged as [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Pain—whether acute, chronic, or neuropathic—remains a leading cause of disability and reduced quality of life worldwide. Despite advances in pharmacologic options, interindividual variability in response and susceptibility to adverse effects continues to challenge clinicians. In recent years, pharmacogenetics has emerged as a promising approach to optimize analgesic selection and dosing based on patient-specific genetic profiles. This perspective examines current pharmacogenetic evidence in pain management, focusing on validated biomarkers and their clinical implications. Methods: A narrative review was conducted of recent literature addressing the impact of genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of analgesic agents. Particular focus was given to genes involved in drug metabolism and transport as well as receptor signaling, along with the clinical applications of genotype-informed prescribing. Results: Substantial evidence indicates that genetic variants significantly influence patient responses to analgesics, contributing to both inadequate pain relief and heightened sensitivity to adverse effects. The main pharmacogenetic biomarkers appear to be CYP2C9 (for NSAIDs), CYP2D6 (for opioids and tricyclic antidepressants), CYP2C19 (for tricyclic antidepressants) and HLA-B*15:02 and HLA-A*31:01 for carbamazepine. PGx-informed strategies have shown promise in improving analgesic effectiveness, reducing opioid-related complications, and supporting opioid-sparing protocols. Conclusions: Pharmacogenetic screening represents a valuable tool for personalizing pain management. Incorporating validated pharmacogenetic biomarkers into clinical practice could improve treatment outcomes and patient safety. Further research, infrastructure development, and clinician education are essential for scaling PGx implementation in pain care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in Pain)

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15 pages, 1447 KiB

Open AccessReview

Optimizing Helium Exploration: Noble Gas Isotopes as Probes for Migration–Enrichment Processes

by Chunhui Cao, Liwu Li, Zhongping Li and Huanhuan Zhao

Energies 2025, 18(16), 4218; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18164218 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

Helium, as a strategic resource with broad applications in industry and science, has drawn increasing global attention due to its scarcity and non-renewable nature. Noble gas isotopes, especially those of helium, neon, and argon, provide unique geochemical tracers for understanding helium genesis, migration, [...] Read more.

Helium, as a strategic resource with broad applications in industry and science, has drawn increasing global attention due to its scarcity and non-renewable nature. Noble gas isotopes, especially those of helium, neon, and argon, provide unique geochemical tracers for understanding helium genesis, migration, and accumulation. This short review summarizes recent advances in the application of noble gas isotope techniques to helium resource research. It covers (1) the fundamental isotope systematics and transport mechanisms, (2) key analytical methods for gas extraction and measurement, and (3) typical case studies illustrating helium source identification and reservoir evaluation. In particular, we highlight three emerging trends: (i) field-adaptable analytical protocols for diverse geological samples, (ii) diffusion models incorporating nanoscale confinement effects, and (iii) isotopic ratio-based frameworks for guiding helium exploration strategies. These integrative approaches offer new insights into the “carrier–pathway–trap” paradigm in helium migration systems and support more effective helium resource assessment. Full article

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30 pages, 2062 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Multi-Layer Secure Sharing Framework for Aviation Big Data Based on Blockchain

by Qing Wang, Zhijun Wu and Yanrong Lu

Future Internet 2025, 17(8), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17080361 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

As a new type of production factor, data possesses multidimensional application value, and its pivotal role is becoming increasingly prominent in the aviation sector. Data sharing can significantly enhance the utilization efficiency of data resources and serves as one of the key tasks [...] Read more.

As a new type of production factor, data possesses multidimensional application value, and its pivotal role is becoming increasingly prominent in the aviation sector. Data sharing can significantly enhance the utilization efficiency of data resources and serves as one of the key tasks in building smart civil aviation. However, currently, data silos are pervasive, with vast amounts of data only being utilized and analyzed within limited scopes, leaving their full potential untapped. The challenges in data sharing primarily stem from three aspects: (1) Data owners harbor concerns regarding data security and privacy. (2) The highly dynamic and real-time nature of aviation operations imposes stringent requirements on the timeliness, stability, and reliability of data sharing, thereby constraining its scope and extent. (3) The lack of reasonable incentive mechanisms results in insufficient motivation for data owners to share. Consequently, addressing the issue of aviation big data sharing holds significant importance. Since the release of the Bitcoin whitepaper in 2008, blockchain technology has achieved continuous breakthroughs in the fields of data security and collaborative computing. Its unique characteristics—decentralization, tamper-proofing, traceability, and scalability—lay the foundation for its integration with aviation. Blockchain can deeply integrate with air traffic management (ATM) operations, effectively resolving trust, efficiency, and collaboration challenges in distributed scenarios for ATM data. To address the heterogeneous data usage requirements of different ATM stakeholders, this paper constructs a blockchain-based multi-level data security sharing architecture, enabling fine-grained management and secure collaboration. Furthermore, to meet the stringent timeliness demands of aviation operations and the storage pressure posed by massive data, this paper optimizes blockchain storage deployment and consensus mechanisms, thereby enhancing system scalability and processing efficiency. Additionally, a dual-mode data-sharing solution combining raw data sharing and model sharing is proposed, offering a novel approach to aviation big data sharing. Security and formal analyses demonstrate that the proposed solution is both secure and effective. Full article

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22 pages, 1255 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Natural Ventilation Strategies to Prevent Airborne Disease Transmission in Public Buildings

by Jesús M. Ballesteros-Álvarez, Álvaro Romero-Barriuso, Ángel Rodríguez-Sáiz and Blasa María Villena-Escribano

Eng 2025, 6(8), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6080197 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of natural ventilation as a health and safety strategy in municipal buildings, focusing on its capacity to ensure indoor air quality and limit airborne disease transmission. Natural ventilation can be incorporated into building design as the primary mechanism [...] Read more.

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of natural ventilation as a health and safety strategy in municipal buildings, focusing on its capacity to ensure indoor air quality and limit airborne disease transmission. Natural ventilation can be incorporated into building design as the primary mechanism for achieving the required indoor air quality, equipping buildings with operable windows based on their intended occupancy. Using 11 public buildings in Mostoles, Spain, as case studies, the research applies a quantitative methodology based on carbon dioxide concentration to estimate ventilation rates and theoretical occupancy thresholds. The findings reveal that cross ventilation is the only natural method capable of meeting air renewal rates recommended by health authorities, particularly the IDA2 air quality standard and three to five air changes per hour suggested to reduce disease spread. However, 53% of the assessed spaces lacked cross ventilation capacity, underscoring the need to integrate natural and mechanical systems. The study proposes a replicable model to assess and adapt indoor occupancy based on real ventilation capacity, offering a practical tool for decision-making in public health, energy efficiency, and architectural design. Ultimately, the research supports the strategic use of natural ventilation as a low-cost, scalable intervention to enhance environmental quality in public facilities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Insights in Engineering Research)

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27 pages, 534 KiB

Open AccessReview

Comorbid Pathologies and Their Impact on Dementia with Lewy Bodies—Current View

by Kurt A. Jellinger

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(16), 7674; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26167674 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), the second common primary degenerative neurocognitive disorder after Alzheimer disease (AD), frequently presents concurrent co-pathologies that impact clinical presentation and progression. Neuropathological studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of coexistent AD-related neuropathological changes (ADNC), TAR DNA-binding protein 43 [...] Read more.

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), the second common primary degenerative neurocognitive disorder after Alzheimer disease (AD), frequently presents concurrent co-pathologies that impact clinical presentation and progression. Neuropathological studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of coexistent AD-related neuropathological changes (ADNC), TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathies, and cardiac and aging-related disorders, while frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and tau-related syndromes play a minor role as DLB-related co-pathologies. Cerebrovascular lesions, including cerebral amyloid angiopathy, are the most prevalent non-neurodegenerative co-pathologies. Cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia are also frequent comorbidities. Due to their high prevalence and clinical impact on DLB patients, clinical trials should account for these and other co-pathologies in their design and selection. Evaluation of these co-pathologies using and interpreting biomarkers may allow greater clinical diagnostic accuracy and the opportunity to better predict clinical progression. Therefore, there is an increasing need for biomarkers in dementia research. This review discusses the kind and frequency of the different co-pathologies in DLB and their clinical impact. It evaluates the possible value of disease-specific biomarkers and how they are helpful in the assessment and prevention of DLB and its co-pathologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer’s Disease)

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14 pages, 1210 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Computerized Physician Order Entry Reminders on HLA-B*15:02 Screening Rates: A Retrospective Study in a Taiwanese Hospital

by Xiao Chen, Jason Jiunshiou Lee, Mei-Hsiouh Guan, Su-Han Hsu and Shu-Chuan Wu

Healthcare 2025, 13(16), 1941; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13161941 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background: Carbamazepine (CBZ) is associated with severe cutaneous adverse reactions in individuals carrying the HLA-B*15:02 allele, which is prevalent in Asian populations. Genetic screening before the initiation of CBZ is recommended, yet screening is not always undertaken. Objectives: To determine the effect of [...] Read more.

Background: Carbamazepine (CBZ) is associated with severe cutaneous adverse reactions in individuals carrying the HLA-B*15:02 allele, which is prevalent in Asian populations. Genetic screening before the initiation of CBZ is recommended, yet screening is not always undertaken. Objectives: To determine the effect of implementing computerized physician order entry (CPOE) reminders on the screening rates of HLA-B*15:02 before CBZ prescription. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1611 patients who were prescribed CBZ between 2012 and 2023 in a regional hospital in Taiwan. The intervention involved integrating automated HLA-B*15:02 screening reminders into the CPOE system in outpatient settings. Patients were divided into an outpatient (intervention) group and an inpatient (control) group, and their data were analyzed before and after the intervention. Screening rates were compared using Fisher’s exact test, and subgroup analyses were conducted on the basis of age group and physician specialty. Results: After the intervention, the outpatient group exhibited an increase in screening rate from 23.7% to 55.6% (p < 0.001). However, no significant change was observed in the inpatient group. Subgroup analysis revealed major improvements among neurologists and patients aged 41–80 years in outpatient settings. Conclusions: Implementing CPOE reminders substantially improves rates of screening for HLA-B*15:02 in outpatient settings, indicating the effectiveness of informatic interventions in enhancing adherence to pharmacogenomic guidelines. Extending such interventions to inpatient settings may further mitigate the risk of CBZ-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Full article

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30 pages, 4687 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Multi-Agent Optimization Approach for Multimodal Collaboration in Marine Terminals

by Ilias Alexandros Parmaksizoglou, Alessandro Bombelli and Alexei Sharpanskykh

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030110 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background: The rapid growth of international maritime trade has intensified operational challenges at marine terminals due to increased interaction between vessels, trucks, and trains. Key issues include berth congestion, inefficient truck arrivals, and underutilization of terminal resources. Ensuring coordinated planning among transport modes [...] Read more.

Background: The rapid growth of international maritime trade has intensified operational challenges at marine terminals due to increased interaction between vessels, trucks, and trains. Key issues include berth congestion, inefficient truck arrivals, and underutilization of terminal resources. Ensuring coordinated planning among transport modes and fostering collaboration between stakeholders such as vessel operators, logistics providers, and terminal managers is critical to mitigating these inefficiencies. Methods: This study proposes a multi-agent, multi-objective coordination model that synchronizes vessel berth allocation with truck appointment scheduling. A solution method combining prioritized planning with a neighborhood search heuristic is introduced to explore Pareto-optimal trade-offs. The performance of this approach is benchmarked against well-established multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), including NSGA-II and SPEA2. Results: Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed method generates a greater number of Pareto-optimal solutions and achieves higher hypervolume indicators compared to MOEAs. These results show improved balance among objectives such as minimizing vessel waiting times, reducing truck congestion, and optimizing terminal resource usage. Conclusions: By integrating berth allocation and truck scheduling through a transparent, multi-agent approach, this work provides decision-makers with better tools to evaluate trade-offs in port terminal operations. The proposed strategy supports more efficient, fair, and informed coordination in complex multimodal environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Maritime and Transport Logistics)

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16 pages, 6802 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Morphomolecular Characterization of Rhadinorhynchus niloticus (Acanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) from Nile Perch (Lates niloticus, Perciformes: Latidae)

by Ebtsam Sayed Hassan Abdallah, Marco Albano and Hasnaa Thabit

Fishes 2025, 10(8), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10080397 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

Adults of Rhadinorhynchus niloticus, a member of the Rhadinorhynchidae family, were isolated from the intestines of wild Nile perch (Lates niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758); Perciformes: Latidae) caught from the River Nile and its tributaries in Assiut City, Egypt. The parasite was found [...] Read more.

Adults of Rhadinorhynchus niloticus, a member of the Rhadinorhynchidae family, were isolated from the intestines of wild Nile perch (Lates niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758); Perciformes: Latidae) caught from the River Nile and its tributaries in Assiut City, Egypt. The parasite was found freely in the intestinal lumen with a prevalence of 10.71%, and the burden varied from one to five parasites per fish. The mean intensity and abundance were 2.16 ± 0.47 (95% CI: 1.33 to 3.17) and 0.23 ± 0.08 (95% CI: 0.11 to 0.43), respectively. The parasite was described using light and scanning electron microscopy. Molecular species identification as well as phylogenetic relationship analysis of the isolated parasite were achieved by sequencing and comparisons of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase C subunit I (COI) and nuclear 18S rRNA genes. The sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers PP859185 and MZ727194. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the parasites emerged from a separate branch belonging to the Rhadinorhynchidae family, which was clearly distinguished from other genospecies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Fish Pathology and Parasitology)

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26 pages, 1965 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Formal Verification of Solidity Smart Contracts via Automata Theory

by Meihua Xiao, Yangping Xu, Yongtuo Zhang, Ke Yang, Sufen Yan and Li Cen

Symmetry 2025, 17(8), 1275; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081275 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

Smart contracts, as a critical application of blockchain technology, significantly enhance its programmability and scalability, offering broad application prospects. However, frequent security incidents have resulted in substantial economic losses and diminished user trust, making security issues a key challenge for further development. Since [...] Read more.

Smart contracts, as a critical application of blockchain technology, significantly enhance its programmability and scalability, offering broad application prospects. However, frequent security incidents have resulted in substantial economic losses and diminished user trust, making security issues a key challenge for further development. Since smart contracts cannot be modified after deployment, flaws in their design or implementation may lead to severe consequences. Therefore, rigorous pre-deployment verification of their correctness is particularly crucial. This paper explores the symmetry in control flows and state transitions of Solidity smart contracts and leverages this inherent structural symmetry to develop a normalized state transition model based on a finite state machine. The FSM model is subsequently formalized into a Promela model with the Spin model checker. By integrating manually defined Linear Temporal Logic formulas with those generated by Smart Pulse, the Promela model is formally verified in Spin to ensure the correctness and security of smart contracts. This approach establishes a systematic verification framework, providing effective support to enhance the reliability and security of smart contracts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Computer)

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22 pages, 1331 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrating Autonomous Trucks into Human-Centric Operations: A Path to Safer and More Energy-Efficient Road Transport

by Tomasz Neumann and Radosław Łukasik

Energies 2025, 18(16), 4219; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18164219 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

The increasing integration of autonomous driving technologies into heavy-duty road transport requires a clear understanding of how these systems affect professional drivers’ working time, vehicle utilization, and regulatory compliance. This study develops a model-based comparative analysis to assess the cooperation between human drivers [...] Read more.

The increasing integration of autonomous driving technologies into heavy-duty road transport requires a clear understanding of how these systems affect professional drivers’ working time, vehicle utilization, and regulatory compliance. This study develops a model-based comparative analysis to assess the cooperation between human drivers and autonomous trucks at SAE Levels 3 and 4. Using EU Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 as a legal framework, single-driver, double-driver, and ego vehicle scenarios were simulated to evaluate changes in working time classification and vehicle movement. The results indicate that Level 3 automation enables up to 13.25 h of daily vehicle movement while complying with working time regulations, compared with the 10-h limit for conventional operation. Level 4 automation further extends the effective movement time to 14.25 h in double-crew configurations, offering opportunities for increased efficiency without violating labor codes. The novelty of this work lies in the quantitative modeling of human–machine collaboration in professional transport under real regulatory constraints. These findings provide a foundation for regulatory updates, tachograph adaptation to AI-driven vehicles, and the design of hybrid driver roles. Future research will focus on validating these models in real-world transport operations and assessing the implications of Level 5 autonomy for logistics networks and labor markets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digitalization and Automation in the Transportation: Pathways Toward Decarbonization, Enhanced Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation)

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17 pages, 2363 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Duration of Rice–Crayfish Co-Culture System Usage Alters the Soil Aggregate Size, Distribution, and Organic Carbon Fractions in the Profile

by Changjie Zhang, Ting Yang, Jingru Wang, Yixin Tian, Jingjing Bai, Danrui Gao and Wei Fu

Agronomy 2025, 15(8), 1907; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081907 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

As an intensive eco-agricultural model, the rice–crayfish co-culture (RCC) system has been widely adopted in recent years due to its remarkable advantages in resource use, efficiency, and economic benefits. However, the long-term mechanisms by which this system affects the quantity and stability of [...] Read more.

As an intensive eco-agricultural model, the rice–crayfish co-culture (RCC) system has been widely adopted in recent years due to its remarkable advantages in resource use, efficiency, and economic benefits. However, the long-term mechanisms by which this system affects the quantity and stability of soil aggregate, as well as the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) within aggregate across soil profiles, remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of varying duration (4 and 8 years) of RCC in Qianjiang City, Hubei Province. Soil samples were collected from six depth layers (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, 30–40 cm, 40–80 cm, and 80–120 cm) to analyze the distribution characteristics of soil aggregate and SOC. The results demonstrated that, compared to the field which used RCC for a duration of 4 years, the field which used RCC for a duration of 8 years significantly reduced bulk density (BD) by 16.3% in the 40–80 cm layer. However, prolonged flooding has led to a 9.6% increase in the BD of the plow pan layer (10–20 cm) due to hydrostatic pressure and mechanical disturbances. Furthermore, the use of RCC for a duration of 8 years significantly enhanced the mass fractions of water-stable aggregates > 2 mm in the 0–80 cm soil layer at 0–10 cm (25.9%), 10–20 cm (30.2%), 20–30 cm (141.8%), 30–40 cm (172.4%), and 40–80 cm (112.9%), and improved aggregate stability throughout the entire soil profile. In terms of SOC distribution, the SOC concentration increased significantly with prolonged RCC usage across all soil layers, particularly in the 0–20 cm layer. The SOC was primarily derived from >2 mm (Large aggregate). Notably, although < 0.053 mm (Silt and clay) constituted a small proportion of the 0–20 cm layer, their SOC concentration reached 15.3–20.55 g kg⁻¹. Overall, extended RCC duration reduced BD in nearly all soil layers, promoted the formation of macro-aggregate, enhanced aggregate stability, and increased the SOC concentration within macro-aggregate, while strengthening the SOC stocks capacity of the 80–120 cm soil layer from 2.58 kg C m⁻² to 4.35 kg C m⁻², an increase of 68.6%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soil Organic Matter Contributes to Soil Health)

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Graphical abstract

14 pages, 797 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Systematic Evaluation and Experimental Validation of Discrete Element Method Contact Models for Soil Tillage Simulation

by Salavat Mudarisov, Ildar Gabitov, Yakov Lobachevsky, Ildar Farkhutdinov and Lyudmila Kravchenko

AgriEngineering 2025, 7(8), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7080256 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

The discrete element method (DEM), based on particle dynamics, is used to simulate the technological process of soil tillage using agricultural machinery. A key aspect of the DEM for obtaining accurate agrotechnical and energy indicators of soil cultivation is the formulation of particle [...] Read more.

The discrete element method (DEM), based on particle dynamics, is used to simulate the technological process of soil tillage using agricultural machinery. A key aspect of the DEM for obtaining accurate agrotechnical and energy indicators of soil cultivation is the formulation of particle contact rules, determined by normal and tangential interactions as well as cohesion forces. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of discrete element method (DEM) contact models used to simulate soil cultivation processes. This study addresses a key issue—the absence of a systematic approach to selecting adequate contact models, which limits the accuracy of predicting soil behavior during interaction with agricultural machinery. A detailed classification of 17 combinations of contact models implemented in the commercial software Rocky DEM was performed, grouped into three categories: normal force models (Linear Spring [LSP], Hysteresis [HLS], Hertzian [HSD]), tangential force models (Coulomb, linear spring limit [linear], Mindlin–Deresiewicz), and cohesive force models (linear cohesion [linear], constant force [constant], Johnson–Kendall–Roberts [JKR]). Experimental validation was conducted by analyzing the angle of repose for various soil types (sandy loam, light loam, medium loam, and heavy clay) with moisture contents ranging from 11 to 31%. This analysis identified the nine most effective combinations of contact models to describe normal, tangential, and cohesive forces (LSP–Coulomb–linear, HLS–linear–linear, HLS–Coulomb–linear, HSD–linear–linear, HSD–linear–JKR, HSD–Coulomb–linear, HSD–Coulomb–JKR, HSD–Mindlin–Deresiewicz–linear, HSD–Mindlin–Deresiewicz–JKR), which showed reliable agreement with experimental angle of repose measurements at approximately 85% accuracy. This study significantly contributes to advancing computer modeling methods in agriculture by providing a scientifically grounded approach for selecting DEM contact models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Mechanization and Machinery)

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31 pages, 513 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Intersection of Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors in Aging: Insights from a Narrative Review

by Shelby Vereecke, Kalia Bennett, Stephanie Schrempft, Michael Kobor, Michael Brauer and Silvia Stringhini

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(8), 1241; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22081241 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

(1) Background: Socioeconomic conditions and environmental exposures are well-established determinants of health and aging, yet the pathways through which they influence the aging process remain insufficiently understood. Clarifying these mechanisms is critical for developing effective, equity-focused public health interventions to support healthy aging; [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Socioeconomic conditions and environmental exposures are well-established determinants of health and aging, yet the pathways through which they influence the aging process remain insufficiently understood. Clarifying these mechanisms is critical for developing effective, equity-focused public health interventions to support healthy aging; (2) Methods: We conducted a narrative review examining the relationships between socioeconomic conditions, environmental exposures, and aging-related health outcomes. While the scope was intentionally broad to capture diverse exposures and outcomes, we applied a systematic search strategy to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies; (3) Results: The search populated over 4000 articles; 33 relevant papers were selected. The evidence suggests that environmental exposures may mediate or modify the effects of socioeconomic disadvantage on aging. Conversely, socioeconomic conditions can alter the association between environmental factors and aging outcomes. Disadvantaged populations consistently face higher environmental burdens and exhibit poorer aging outcomes, including accelerated biological aging and increased risk of age-related disease; (4) Conclusions: The complex interplay between social and environmental factors contributes to disparities in aging. Our integrative approach highlights the need for more intersectional, longitudinal research to inform interventions that address the social and environmental determinants of healthy aging. Full article

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23 pages, 5418 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimal Roof Strategy for Mitigating Urban Heat Island in Hot Arid Climates: Simulation and Python-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis

by Rehab Alaa, Amira Elbalazi and Walaa S.E. Ismaeel

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(8), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9080310 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

This study adopts a multi-scale, simulation-driven approach to evaluate the performance of different passive roof types in mitigating Urban Heat Island (UHI) in hot arid climate. A comparative analysis was performed for selected roof types; green, pond, cool, and dark roofs. At the [...] Read more.

This study adopts a multi-scale, simulation-driven approach to evaluate the performance of different passive roof types in mitigating Urban Heat Island (UHI) in hot arid climate. A comparative analysis was performed for selected roof types; green, pond, cool, and dark roofs. At the urban scale, ENVI-met v5.7.1 was employed to simulate microclimatic impacts, including Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) at the pedestrian street level (1.4 m) and above building canopy level (25 m). The results revealed that green roofs were the most effective in mitigating UHI on the urban scale, reducing MRT by 1.83 °C at the pedestrian level and by 3.5 °C at the above canopy level. Surprisingly, dark roofs also performed well, with MRT reductions of 1.81 °C and 3.5 °C, respectively, outperforming pond roofs, which showed reductions of 1.80 °C and 0.31 °C. While cool roofs effectively reduced MRT at the pedestrian level by 1.80 °C, they had adverse effect at the canopy level, increasing MRT by 15.58 °C. At the building scale, Design Builder v7.3.1, coupled with Energy Plus, was used to assess indoor thermal and energy performance. Pond and cool roofs reduced operative temperature by 0.08 °C and 0.07 °C, respectively, followed by green roofs, with a 0.05 °C reduction, while dark roofs increased it by 0.07 °C. In terms of energy performance, green roofs yielded the greatest benefit, reducing cooling load by 3.3%, followed by pond roofs, with a 1.32% reduction; cool roofs showed negligible reduction, while dark roofs increased it by 1.2%. Finally, a Python-based Multi criteria Decision Making (MCDM) analytical framework integrated these findings with additional factors to optimize thermal comfort, environmental impact, sustainability, and feasibility and rank strategies accordingly. The analysis identified green roofs as the optimal solution, followed by pond roofs and then cool roofs tied with the base case, leaving dark roofs as the least favorable strategy. This study’s key contribution lies in its integrated simulation–decision analysis methodology, which bridges urban climatology and building performance to provide actionable insights for sustainable urban design. By validating green roofs as the most effective passive strategy in hot arid regions, this work aids policymakers and planners in prioritizing interventions that support climate-resilient urbanization. Full article

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24 pages, 27873 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Estimation from Lidar Observations: Assessment and Validation of MIPA Algorithm

by Giuseppe D’Amico, Alberto Arienzo, Gemine Vivone, Aldo Amodeo, Francesco Cardellicchio, Pilar Gumà-Claramunt, Benedetto De Rosa, Paolo Di Girolamo, Ilaria Gandolfi, Aldo Giunta, Teresa Laurita, Fabrizio Marra, Lucia Mona, Michail Mytilinaios, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Marco Rosoldi and Donato Summa

Remote Sens. 2025, 17(16), 2748; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17162748 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

The assessment and optimization of the MIPA (Morphological Image Processing Approach) algorithm for the retrieval of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height (ABLH) from Aerosol High-power Lidars (AHL) data are presented. MIPA has been developed at CNR-IMAA in the framework of ACTRIS, and it was [...] Read more.

The assessment and optimization of the MIPA (Morphological Image Processing Approach) algorithm for the retrieval of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height (ABLH) from Aerosol High-power Lidars (AHL) data are presented. MIPA has been developed at CNR-IMAA in the framework of ACTRIS, and it was tested on several lidar datasets, showing, in general, a good agreement with the traditional ABLH retrieval techniques. The main innovative feature of MIPA with respect to other approaches consists in applying optimized morphological filters and object-oriented analysis on lidar timeseries to obtain ABLH estimates. In this study, we carried out a robust MIPA validation effort based on a dedicated measurement campaign organized at CIAO (CNR-IMAA Atmospheric Observatory) in Spring 2024, where several lidar systems were operating continuously along with a quite complete set of other atmospheric sensors and two radiosounding systems. During the campaign, several case studies were considered for MIPA validation, each characterized by an intensive radiosonde schedule to ensure the establishment of a representative ABLH reference dataset. The ABLH retrieved by MIPA was compared against the corresponding ones obtained by radiosonde data. We observed a good overall agreement under different atmospheric conditions, ranging from intense dust events penetrating the ABL to cleaner atmospheric conditions. The best agreement between MIPA and reference dataset is obtained for longer wavelengths (532 nm and 1064 nm) and during daytime conditions. Full article

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13 pages, 1248 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Natural History and Clinical Outcomes of Transmembrane Protein 43 Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review

by Annagrazia Cecere, Marika Martini, Maria Bueno Marinas, Ilaria Rigato, Alessandro Parodi, Kalliopi Pilichou and Barbara Bauce

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(16), 5611; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14165611 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background: Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited heart disorder characterized by structural and functional myocardial alterations, often accompanied by ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), which may ultimately result in sudden cardiac death (SCD). While mutations in genes coding for desmosomal components are commonly identified in [...] Read more.

Background: Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited heart disorder characterized by structural and functional myocardial alterations, often accompanied by ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), which may ultimately result in sudden cardiac death (SCD). While mutations in genes coding for desmosomal components are commonly identified in affected individuals, genetic variants involving non-desmosomal proteins have recently been recognized as contributors to the disease’s etiology. In 2008, a mutation in the transmembrane protein 43 (TMEM43) was identified as being responsible for a fully penetrant, sex-related, and severe form of ACM. This review aimed to systematically synthesize the current evidence on the natural history, electrocardiographic, and imaging findings as well as the clinical outcomes of TMEM43 cardiomyopathy. Methods: A systematic search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, following the PRISMA guidelines, using the terms “TMEM43” AND “cardiomyopathy”. After an initial screening of 144 retrieved articles, 80 were considered relevant. Upon a full-text review and eligibility assessment, 12 studies involving 903 individuals harboring TMEM43 variants were selected for inclusion. Results: Male patients more frequently carried the pathogenic TMEM43 variant (n = 505, 55.9%) and exhibited an earlier arrhythmic onset of the disease (33.2 years old versus 46.2 years old in female patients), supporting the need for earlier implantable cardioverter–defibrillator implantation (30.4 versus 42.2 years old). Palpitations, chest pain, and syncope were the most common presenting symptoms. Baseline electrocardiograms commonly demonstrated poor R wave progression, QRS prolongation, and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Arrhythmic events, including malignant VAs and SCD, were early manifestations of the disease, especially in male patients. Frequent PVCs and left ventricular dilation were considered early markers of the disease and were predictive of arrhythmic events. Conversely, heart failure was reported as a late clinical outcome, requiring heart transplantation in a minority of cases (1.5%). Conclusions:TMEM43 cardiomyopathy is a fully penetrant autosomal dominant form of ACM, characterized by a well-defined clinical phenotype that is more severe and presents earlier in male patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cardiology)

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18 pages, 2201 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park Tourism Network Attention

by Yurong Wu, Sheena Bidin and Shazali Johari

Sustainability 2025, 17(16), 7182; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167182 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

Tourism network attention, defined as the quantifiable measure of public interest toward tourism destinations through online search activities, has become a crucial indicator for understanding tourist behavior in the digital era. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution of tourism network attention for Zhangjiajie [...] Read more.

Tourism network attention, defined as the quantifiable measure of public interest toward tourism destinations through online search activities, has become a crucial indicator for understanding tourist behavior in the digital era. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution of tourism network attention for Zhangjiajie National Forest Park using Baidu index data from 2013 to 2023. Results show three temporal phases: rapid rise (2013–2017), fluctuation adjustment (2018–2020), and recovery growth (2021–2023), with a “double-peak” seasonal pattern in July–August and April–May. Spatial distribution exhibits a “high East, low West” pattern with gradually increasing balance (coefficient of variation: 0.6849→0.5382). GDP, internet users, and transportation accessibility are dominant factors influencing spatial patterns. Full article

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27 pages, 1703 KiB

Open AccessReview

Spatially Resolved Plant Metabolomics

by Ronald J. Myers, Jr., Zachary M. Tretter, Abigail G. Daffron, Eric X. Fritschi, William Thives Santos, Maiya L. Foster, Matthew Klotz, Kristin M. Stafford, Christina Kasch, Thomas J. Taylor, Lillian C. Tellefson, Tyler Hartman, Dru Hackler, Preston Stephen and Lloyd W. Sumner

Metabolites 2025, 15(8), 539; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15080539 (registering DOI) - 8 Aug 2025

Abstract

Research and innovation in metabolomics tools to measure metabolite accumulation within plants have led to important discoveries with respect to the improvement of plant stress tolerance, development, and crop yield. Traditional metabolomics analyses have commonly utilized gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, [...] Read more.

Research and innovation in metabolomics tools to measure metabolite accumulation within plants have led to important discoveries with respect to the improvement of plant stress tolerance, development, and crop yield. Traditional metabolomics analyses have commonly utilized gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, but these methods are often performed without regard for the spatial locations of metabolites within tissues. Methods for mass spectral imaging (MSI) have recently been developed to detect and spatially resolve metabolite accumulation and are rapidly being adopted on a wider scale. Since 2010, the number of publications incorporating mass spectral imaging has grown from approximately 80 articles to over 378 on a yearly basis, constituting an increase of at least 350% during this time frame. Spatially resolved metabolite accumulation data provides unique insights into the function and regulation of plant biochemical pathways. Mass spectral imaging is commonly paired with desorption ionization technologies, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), to generate accurate, spatially resolved metabolomics data from prepared tissue segments. Here, we describe the most recent advancements in sample preparation methods, mass spectral imaging technologies, and data processing tools that have been developed to address the limits of MSI technology. Additionally, we summarize recent applications of MSI technologies in plant metabolomics and discuss potential avenues for future research advancements within the plant biology community through the use of these technologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Spatial Metabolomics)

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