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Horticulturae
Special Issues
Orchard Management Under Climate Change: 2nd Edition
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Orchard Management Under Climate Change: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Fruit Production Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 1599

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sergio Ruffo Roberto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Research Center, Londrina State University, Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina P.O. Box 10.011, Brazil
Interests: horticulture; fruit crops; post-harvest; fruit ripening
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Simone Rodrigues da Silva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, no 11, P.O. Box 9, Piracicaba ZIP13418-900, Brazil
Interests: crop management; cultivars evaluation; propagation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sarita Leonel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
Interests: crop management; physiology; propagation; cultivar evaluation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following the tremendous success of the first edition of the Special Issue “Orchard Management under Climate Change”, a second edition is being launched.

Different fruit crops around the world drive the economies of many countries, supplying the domestic market and paving the way for competitive international trade. In addition to the health benefits of regularly consuming various fruits, the cultivation of these species revitalizes and energizes entire communities, regions or countries. New fruit-growing frontiers have emerged in recent years. At the same time, climate changes have caused the deterioration of traditionally cultivated areas. Using physiological principles to guide precision orchard management will greatly improve yields and, consequently, quality attributes, ensuring that every fruit that is grown is of a high quality. In this context, there is a need for major environmental and technical developments in orchard management. This Special Issue, entitled "Orchard Management under Climate Change", aims to disseminate recent research findings in order to collectively continue moving towards more productive and sustainable fruit farming. Contributions on the following topics are welcome: the increase in productive crop cultivars; advanced soil use and management techniques; mechanization processes; training systems; cultural practices such as irrigation, fertilization, canopy density, thinning, pesticide application technology and fruit harvesting descriptors and methods; and other innovations that improve the profitability and sustainability of fruit crops.

Dr. Sergio Ruffo Roberto
Dr. Simone Rodrigues da Silva
Prof. Dr. Sarita Leonel
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Horticulturae is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cultural practices
  • environment-physiology-plant interactions
  • soil use and management

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1546 KiB  
Article
Phytochemical Characterization of Humulus lupulus L. Varieties Cultivated in Brazil: Agricultural Zoning for the Crop in Tropical Areas
by Bárbara Cristina Claro Sabino, Filipe Pereira Giardini Bonfim, Mariana Nunes Ferreira Cabral, Viviany Viriato, Olivia Pak Campos, Caio Scardini Neves, Gustavo do Carmo Fernandes, Jordany Aparecida Oliveira Gomes, Roselaine Facanali and Marcia Ortiz Mayo Marques
Horticulturae 2025, 11(5), 470; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11050470 - 27 Apr 2025
Viewed by 271
Abstract
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a crucial ingredient in beer, valued for its bitter acids and essential oils. Traditionally cultivated in temperate regions, hop production faces challenges from climate change, necessitating the exploration of new growing areas. This study evaluated the chemical [...] Read more.
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a crucial ingredient in beer, valued for its bitter acids and essential oils. Traditionally cultivated in temperate regions, hop production faces challenges from climate change, necessitating the exploration of new growing areas. This study evaluated the chemical quality of hop varieties grown in Brazil’s subtropical conditions to assess their suitability for brewing. Seven hop varieties (Cascade, Centennial, Columbus, Chinook, Comet, Fuggle, and Nugget) were analyzed for total α- and β-acids and essential oil composition. Bitter acids were quantified by spectrophotometric analysis, and volatile compounds were identified using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Comet exhibited the highest a-acid level (10.54%), indicating strong bittering potential. Essential oil analysis revealed β-myrcene, (E)-caryophyllene, and α-humulene as predominant compounds. Centennial showed a distinct (E)-β-farnesene profile, a characteristic of noble hops. All varieties contained α- and β-selinene, suggesting a common metabolic pattern. The results indicate that Brazil has the potential to produce high-quality hops with suitable chemical profiles for brewing. As traditional hop-growing regions face climate-related challenges, hops cultivated in Brazil may offer a viable alternative for achieving the desired chemical composition required by the brewing industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orchard Management Under Climate Change: 2nd Edition)
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18 pages, 2131 KiB  
Article
Phenological Development, Thermal Requirement, and Quality of ‘BRS Núbia’ (Vitis vinifera L. x Vitis labrusca L.) Grapes on Different Rootstocks
by Harleson Sidney Almeida Monteiro, Marco Antonio Tecchio, Sinara de Nazaré Santana Brito, Francisco José Domingues Neto, Camilo André Pereira Contreras Sánchez, Juan Carlos Alonso, Daví Eduardo Furno Feliciano, Carolina Ragoni Maniero, Pedro Henrique Hortolani Cunha and Marcelo de Souza Silva
Horticulturae 2025, 11(5), 466; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11050466 - 26 Apr 2025
Viewed by 273
Abstract
The cultivation of table grapes in Brazil is economically significant, with production influenced by edaphoclimatic factors and rootstock selection. The cultivar ‘BRS Núbia’ (Vitis vinifera L. x Vitis labrusca L.) is a promising alternative; however, its phenological behavior, thermal requirements, and compatibility [...] Read more.
The cultivation of table grapes in Brazil is economically significant, with production influenced by edaphoclimatic factors and rootstock selection. The cultivar ‘BRS Núbia’ (Vitis vinifera L. x Vitis labrusca L.) is a promising alternative; however, its phenological behavior, thermal requirements, and compatibility with different rootstocks under subtropical conditions require further evaluation. This study aimed to assess the duration of phenological stages, thermal requirement, and ripening dynamics of ‘BRS Núbia’ grapevines grafted onto the rootstocks ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘IAC 766 Campinas’, and ‘Paulsen 1103’. The experiment was conducted in São Manuel, São Paulo, Brazil during the 2021 and 2022 production cycles using a split-plot experimental design (3 × 2). Evaluations included the duration of phenological stages from pruning to budburst, flowering, fruit set, onset of ripening, and harvest, as well as the ripening curve and thermal accumulation from pruning to harvest. Rootstocks did not significantly affect (p > 0.05) the duration of phenological stages; however, differences were observed between production cycles. The 2022 cycle was longer (167.7 days) compared to 2021 (142.6 days), with greater thermal accumulation (1871.7 GDDs vs. 1743.4 GDDs). The analysis of phenological stages revealed that, across both production cycles evaluated, the ‘BRS Núbia’ cultivar required an average accumulation of 1807.5 growing degree days from pruning to harvest. Soluble solids content ranged from 17.43 to 18.50°Brix, and titratable acidity decreased throughout maturation. The maturation index was highest in vines grafted onto ‘Paulsen 1103’, indicating its positive influence on fruit quality. The ‘BRS Núbia’ grapevine exhibited a mean thermal requirement of 1807.5 growing degree days (GDDs) to complete its phenological cycle, which lasted approximately 150 days under subtropical conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orchard Management Under Climate Change: 2nd Edition)
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21 pages, 4386 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Different Mineral Clay Particles on Olive Yield and Olive Oil Quality of Two Cultivars Under Rainfed or Irrigated Conditions
by Petros Anargyrou Roussos, Asimina-Georgia Karyda, Georgios-Ioannis Mavromanolakis, Dimitrios Gkliatis and Maria Zoti
Horticulturae 2025, 11(4), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11040341 - 21 Mar 2025
Viewed by 323
Abstract
The olive tree is the emblematic tree of the Mediterranean basin, enduring intense irradiance and heat stress during prolonged dry summers. Particle film technology is a relatively new tool for mitigating both biotic and abiotic stress factors. In the present trial, two Greek [...] Read more.
The olive tree is the emblematic tree of the Mediterranean basin, enduring intense irradiance and heat stress during prolonged dry summers. Particle film technology is a relatively new tool for mitigating both biotic and abiotic stress factors. In the present trial, two Greek olive cultivars, i.e., rainfed ‘Megaron’ and irrigated ‘Koroneiki’, were used to test the efficacy of kaolin, talc, and, for the first time, attapulgite clay particles as single and double foliar applications on the quantitative and qualitative traits of production. Clay particle treatments generally increased yield, resulting in higher olive oil production per tree. Oil quality parameters remained within the standards for extra virgin olive oil across all treatments. Talc differed from the other clay minerals, particularly in its effect on the free acid composition of the oil. Attapulgite application enhanced yield and oil production in ‘Koroneiki’, especially when compared to double kaolin application. Conversely, kaolin double application resulted in the highest yield and oil production in the ‘Megaron’ cultivar. These findings indicate that the efficacy of particle film treatments varies depending on multiple factors, yet they remain a valuable tool for mitigating the adverse effects of climate change on olive production. As this is the first study to test talc and attapulgite on olive trees, further research is required to fully elucidate the potential of particle film technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orchard Management Under Climate Change: 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 2054 KiB  
Article
Effects of Meteorological Factors and Frost Injury on Flowering Stage of Apples and Pears Across Regions at Varying Altitudes
by Young-Min Choi, Sang-Baek Kim, Dong-Geun Choi, Seung-Heui Kim and Ju-Hee Song
Horticulturae 2025, 11(3), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11030249 - 25 Feb 2025
Viewed by 489
Abstract
Recent meteorological variability in winter and spring complicates predicting and managing frost damage in apples and pears. This study investigated the relationship between frost injury during the flowering stages of apples (‘Hongro’ and ‘Fuji’) and pears (‘Wonwhang’ and ‘Niitaka’) and weather conditions across [...] Read more.
Recent meteorological variability in winter and spring complicates predicting and managing frost damage in apples and pears. This study investigated the relationship between frost injury during the flowering stages of apples (‘Hongro’ and ‘Fuji’) and pears (‘Wonwhang’ and ‘Niitaka’) and weather conditions across regions at varying altitudes. Orchards were categorized into coastal, inland, mid-mountainous, and mountainous regions, and flowering stages and frost injury were analyzed. The flowering period of apples, from the onset of blooming to full bloom, averaged approximately 15 days, which was about 3 to 5 times longer than that of pears. Furthermore, the total flowering duration of apples was 1.5 to 2.0 times longer than that of pears. Additionally, flowering exhibited a tendency to be delayed at higher altitudes. However, orchards situated in mid-mountainous regions experienced earlier flowering compared to those in other regions. Among the two apple cultivars, the average frost damage was more severe in central flowers than in lateral flowers and was relatively higher in ‘Fuji’ than in ‘Hongro’. In pears, frost damage was most prevalent in the first to fourth flowers within the inflorescence, with ‘Wonhwang’ exhibiting relatively greater susceptibility than ‘Niitaka’. Across different cultivation regions, severe frost damage was observed in orchards located in mid-mountainous areas for both fruit species and cultivars. The severity of frost damage followed the order mid-mountainous, mountainous, plain, and coastal regions. Minimum temperatures were lowest in mid-mountainous and mountainous regions, while daily temperature differences were largest in mid-mountainous regions. Meteorological analysis (1981 to 2022) revealed consistent trends, with an increase in daily temperature range in recent years. These findings highlight the vulnerability of mid-mountainous orchards due to flowering stages overlapping with coastal and plain regions, exposing them to lower temperatures and larger temperature differences. Further studies on temperature variability are essential to mitigate frost damage risks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orchard Management Under Climate Change: 2nd Edition)
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