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26 pages, 6291 KB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Silicate Modulus and Alkali Content on the Performance of Fly Ash–GGBS Geopolymer Grouting Materials for Roadway Rehabilitation

by Xueqin Ruan, Cong Wang, Zhiyong Li, Liangjie Chen, Liwei Sun and Jintao Liu

Buildings 2026, 16(12), 2306; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16122306 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Geopolymer grouting material incorporating solid wastes show considerable potential for subgrade rehabilitation in roadway engineering. This study investigates the effects of alkali dosage and silicate modulus on the setting time, flowability, compressive strength, autogenous shrinkage, chemical shrinkage, and drying shrinkage of such materials [...] Read more.

Geopolymer grouting material incorporating solid wastes show considerable potential for subgrade rehabilitation in roadway engineering. This study investigates the effects of alkali dosage and silicate modulus on the setting time, flowability, compressive strength, autogenous shrinkage, chemical shrinkage, and drying shrinkage of such materials prepared with a water-to-binder ratio of 0.45. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to elucidate the microstructural mechanisms underlying the observed macroscopic behaviors. The results show that the flowability, expressed in terms of flow time, first increases and then decreases with increasing silicate modulus. Higher alkali dosage and silicate modulus enhance compressive strength and accelerate setting and hardening, but also substantially intensify autogenous, chemical, and drying shrinkage. The impact of silicate modulus is greater than that of alkali dosage, since a higher silicate modulus produces a more significant reduction in setting time and a more pronounced improvement in compressive strength, while also causing a much larger rise in autogenous and drying shrinkage. At 6% alkali dosage and a silicate modulus of 2.0, the grouting material attains a compressive strength over 70 MPa, but its chemical shrinkage reaches 0.04464 mL/g, autogenous shrinkage rises to 6267 µε, and drying shrinkage exceeds 3.45%, all severely impairing its volumetric stability. SEM observations show that higher alkali dosage and silicate modulus yield a denser microstructure, explaining the enhanced compressive strength, and the simultaneous growth of microcracks confirms the observed shrinkage increases. The MIP results demonstrate that increasing silicate modulus is more effective than increasing the alkali dosage in reducing porosity and refining the pore structure. However, no direct correlation was observed between the mesopore content and shrinkage in the geopolymer systems investigated in this study. Nevertheless, the fact that mesopores account for more than 85% of the total pore volume may provide a possible mechanistic explanation for why geopolymers generally exhibit substantially higher shrinkage than conventional cement-based materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation)

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22 pages, 3424 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Efficacy and Safety of Umifenovir (Arbidol) in Children with Influenza-like Illnesses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Vilya Bulgakova, Artem Poromov, Irina Leneva and Natalia Pshenichnaya

Pediatr. Rep. 2026, 18(3), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric18030077 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background: Pediatric influenza-like illness (ILI) represents a major global health burden. However, international treatment guidelines lack robust evidence specific to children. Umifenovir (Arbidol) is a broad-spectrum antiviral approved for pediatric use in several countries, but clinical data are fragmented and regionally limited. Methods: [...] Read more.

Background: Pediatric influenza-like illness (ILI) represents a major global health burden. However, international treatment guidelines lack robust evidence specific to children. Umifenovir (Arbidol) is a broad-spectrum antiviral approved for pediatric use in several countries, but clinical data are fragmented and regionally limited. Methods: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Russian (RSCI, national archives, regulatory documents), and Chinese (CNKI) databases was conducted for pediatric randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized trials comparing umifenovir to symptomatic therapy (ST) or oseltamivir. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 tool for RCTs, and ROBINS-I for non-RCTs. Outcomes included the duration of fever and other symptoms, prophylactic efficacy, and adverse events. Random-effects models were used (Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman approach). The review was not registered. Results: We included 16 therapeutic and eight prophylactic trials enrolling approximately 4700 and 2000 children, respectively. Compared with ST, umifenovir reduced the duration of fever (MD −1.41 days, 95% CI: −1.78 to −1.05), cough (−1.15 days, 95% CI: −1.50 to −0.79), and hospitalization. The complication risk decreased (RR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.23–0.51). For prophylaxis, umifenovir reduced the risk of ILI (RR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54–0.87) and laboratory-confirmed influenza (RR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.29–0.59). Adverse events were generally mild and did not differ significantly from ST or oseltamivir (RR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.51–1.20). Conclusions: Umifenovir may reduce symptom duration, complications, and infection risk in pediatric ILI, with a favorable safety profile. However, the overall certainty of evidence is limited by the age of the studies, geographic restriction, and methodological quality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infectious Diseases in Children and Adolescents)

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11 pages, 983 KB

Open AccessCommunication

Methyl Caffeate Binds to IQGAP1 and Inhibits the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype in Senescent Cells

by Shusuke Yasuda, Yosuke Iizumi, Mamiko Sukeno, Toshiyuki Sakai and Mano Horinaka

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(12), 5199; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27125199 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contributes to various age-related pathologies. Methyl caffeate exhibits strong SASP-inhibitory activity; however, its molecular targets and the precise mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we performed affinity chromatography using methyl caffeate-immobilized beads to identify [...] Read more.

The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contributes to various age-related pathologies. Methyl caffeate exhibits strong SASP-inhibitory activity; however, its molecular targets and the precise mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we performed affinity chromatography using methyl caffeate-immobilized beads to identify its intracellular binding proteins. The functional roles of the identified target were validated via knockdown experiments, assessment of SASP factor (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-8) expression at the mRNA and secretion levels, and analysis of nuclear factor-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) was identified as a methyl caffeate-binding partner. IQGAP1 knockdown significantly reduced IL-6 and IL-8 expression levels, mimicking the effects of methyl caffeate treatment. Furthermore, IQGAP1 depletion suppressed nuclear factor-κB activation and p38 phosphorylation. Overall, this study identified IQGAP1 as a critical scaffold protein essential for SASP induction and a target of methyl caffeate. Our findings provide key insights into SASP regulation, facilitating the development of SASP-modulating therapeutics targeting specific IQGAP1 domains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging: From Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches (3rd Edition))

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12 pages, 373 KB

Open AccessArticle

Extreme Event Modelling and Forecasting: Empirical Evidence from Predicting GDP and Unemployment in the USA

by R. Shankar, Azzam Alroomi, V. Bougioukos and K. Nikolopoulos

Forecasting 2026, 8(3), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/forecast8030046 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

This paper contributes to the stream of literature on extreme event modelling and forecasting by comparing various forecasting methods for predicting extreme movements in GDP and unemployment in the United States. The data were obtained from multiple open sources for the USA, including [...] Read more.

This paper contributes to the stream of literature on extreme event modelling and forecasting by comparing various forecasting methods for predicting extreme movements in GDP and unemployment in the United States. The data were obtained from multiple open sources for the USA, including CNBC, the U.S. National Library of Medicine, the National Institutes of Health, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, the Bureau of Transportation Statistics site, Investing Com, the U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics, Yahoo Finance, The Balance and Wikipedia. The research focuses on identifying the optimal forecasting method between Machine Learning and time-series forecasting algorithms, for predicting extreme values of GDP and unemployment, accounting for natural disasters and industrial and economic factors. The statistical and analytical insights derived from this study, if used judiciously, can inform policymaking and planning. Full article

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19 pages, 1295 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multimodal Proteomics Reveals Dysregulated Secretion and ECM Remodelling in Schizophrenia Patient iPSC-Derived Astrocytes

by Wei-Ping Li, Karen E. Laupman, Stephanie D. Beekhuis-Hoekstra, Evangelia Thanou, Remco V. Klaassen, Patrick F. Sullivan, Danielle Posthuma, August B. Smit, Frank Koopmans and Vivi M. Heine

Cells 2026, 15(12), 1052; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15121052 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Astrocytes are increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ), yet how astrocytic dysfunction contributes to disease-relevant neuronal abnormalities remains unclear. Here, we used mass spectrometry–based proteomics to profile lysates (proteome) and secreted proteins (secretome) from iPSC-derived astrocytes originating from 9 SCZ patients [...] Read more.

Astrocytes are increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ), yet how astrocytic dysfunction contributes to disease-relevant neuronal abnormalities remains unclear. Here, we used mass spectrometry–based proteomics to profile lysates (proteome) and secreted proteins (secretome) from iPSC-derived astrocytes originating from 9 SCZ patients and 8 healthy controls. Compartment-specific analyses showed that lysates were enriched for mitochondrial and nuclear pathways, whereas astrocyte-conditioned media (ACM) were enriched for extracellular matrix (ECM) and vesicle-associated proteins. Differential expression analysis revealed minimal overlap between dysregulated proteins in lysates and ACM, suggesting modality-specific effects of SCZ-associated donor background. Interestingly, ECM proteins and key secreted cues involved in synaptic development, including MFGE8 and SEMA3C, were selectively reduced in SCZ ACM, whereas RNA-processing proteins were aberrantly increased. This is in line with previously reported microRNA enrichment in extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from SCZ patients. Gene set analyses further identified the alteration in secretion and nuclear processes as well as the potential involvement of autophagy-dependent release mechanism in SCZ astrocytes. Together, these findings suggest disrupted astrocytic protein homeostasis and extracellular signalling in SCZ iPSC-derived astrocytes, providing mechanistic insight into astrocyte-mediated contributions to synaptic and circuit deficits in the disorder. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs): Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms)

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15 pages, 1266 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Modular FPGA-Based Smart Multi-Functional Display Architecture for Low-Power and Real-Time Avionics Systems

by Cemalettin Albayrak, Serkan Kurt and Mehmet Cemil Kazanbaş

Electronics 2026, 15(12), 2541; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15122541 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

This paper presents a modular FPGA-based Smart Multi-Functional Display (SMFD) architecture designed for low-power and real-time avionics applications. Conventional SMFD systems are typically based on tightly coupled monolithic architectures, which limit scalability, maintainability, and subsystem flexibility while increasing system complexity and power consumption. [...] Read more.

This paper presents a modular FPGA-based Smart Multi-Functional Display (SMFD) architecture designed for low-power and real-time avionics applications. Conventional SMFD systems are typically based on tightly coupled monolithic architectures, which limit scalability, maintainability, and subsystem flexibility while increasing system complexity and power consumption. To address these limitations, the proposed architecture separates processing, display, and communication functions into independent hardware modules, enabling flexible system integration and subsystem-level optimization. It consists of four primary modules: an FPGA-based Programmable Logic Device (PLD) module for deterministic video processing and display timing control, an NXP i.MX8X CPU module for application-level management, a high-resolution LCD module, and a dedicated I/O module supporting avionics communication interfaces, including AFDX and RS422. The architecture combines FPGA-assisted real-time processing with power-aware task partitioning strategies to improve both timing predictability and energy efficiency. Experimental evaluation performed on the implemented hardware prototype demonstrates that the proposed architecture achieves approximately 40% reduction in power consumption compared to a conventional baseline configuration while maintaining real-time operational capability with an average processing latency of 12.7 ms. In addition, the FPGA-based implementation enables dynamic display reconfiguration with a measured switching time of approximately 235 ms. The results indicate that the proposed modular architecture provides an effective balance between power efficiency, real-time performance, scalability, and system flexibility for next-generation avionics display applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)

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16 pages, 2443 KB

Open AccessArticle

Dual-Layer PVA-HNT/PTFE Membranes for Boosted Antiwettability and Stability in Membrane Distillation

by Guang Yang, Yu Song, Xianghe Kong, Zi Yang, Qing Chen and Hang Xu

Membranes 2026, 16(6), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes16060201 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Separation membranes with inherent antiwettability and stability are highly desirable for membrane distillation (MD) in practical applications. In this study, hydrophilic–hydrophobic dual-layer membranes composed of a dense poly (vinyl alcohol)/halloysite nanotube (PVA-HNT) layer and a microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer were fabricated to improve [...] Read more.

Separation membranes with inherent antiwettability and stability are highly desirable for membrane distillation (MD) in practical applications. In this study, hydrophilic–hydrophobic dual-layer membranes composed of a dense poly (vinyl alcohol)/halloysite nanotube (PVA-HNT) layer and a microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer were fabricated to improve wetting and fouling resistance during the MD process. The incorporation of the HNT manipulated the crystallization and chain mobility of PVA, endowing the PVA-HNT layer with tunable water transport properties by adjusting the level of HNT loading. Benefiting from the hydrophilic top layer on PTFE, the dual-layer membrane with an optimal HNT loading of 5 wt% showed stable water vapor flux (7.6 kg/m²·h) while maintaining salt rejection above 99.95%. This performance was achieved using a 3.5 wt% NaCl feed solution with 0.4 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate at a feed temperature of 50 °C and permeate temperature of 10 °C. In contrast, the pristine PTFE membrane suffered from severe pore wetting, with its salt selectivity dropping from 99.5% to 91.5%. Antifouling performance was further evaluated using real landfill leachate in a 50 h treatment. The dual-layer membrane with a 5 wt% HNT maintained stable separation behavior with a 15.3% decrease in water flux, whereas the flux of the PTFE membrane declined by 70.5% in 30 h of operation. A distinct fouling layer was observed on the PTFE membrane surface after the operation, while no obvious fouling was identified on the dual-layer membrane, confirming its superior antifouling properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Membrane Applications for Water Treatment)

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18 pages, 3091 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy for Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcomes

by Dan Brebu, Flaviu Ionut Faur, Mircea Selaru, Natalia Cireap, Cosmin Burta, Vlad Braicu, Ciprian Duta, Ioana Adelina Faur, Paul Pasca, Amadeus Dobrescu, Georgiana Viorica Moise and Razvan Ilina

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(12), 4443; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15124443 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background: Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer with peritoneal metastases remains a therapeutic frontier marked by limited systemic efficacy and a persistent unmet clinical need for effective locoregional strategies. Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) has emerged as a novel minimally invasive platform designed to enhance intraperitoneal [...] Read more.

Background: Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer with peritoneal metastases remains a therapeutic frontier marked by limited systemic efficacy and a persistent unmet clinical need for effective locoregional strategies. Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) has emerged as a novel minimally invasive platform designed to enhance intraperitoneal drug distribution and overcome biological barriers to chemotherapy delivery. Methods: We performed a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating clinical outcomes of PIPAC in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Primary endpoints included histologic regression (PRGS ≤ 2), severe toxicity, and 12-month overall survival, complemented by exploratory analyses of treatment feasibility, disease burden dynamics, and bidirectional therapy strategies. Results: PIPAC demonstrated a consistent signal of biologic activity, with pooled histologic response rates indicating meaningful tumor regression despite advanced disease. Severe toxicity remained low across studies, supporting the favorable tolerability of repeated intraperitoneal treatment. Survival outcomes were clinically relevant for a heavily pretreated population, while feasibility analyses suggested that PIPAC may facilitate downstream surgical opportunities in selected patients. Exploratory findings further supported the concept of intraperitoneal disease modulation, reflected by reductions in peritoneal cancer index and integration within multimodal treatment pathways. Conclusions: Beyond a purely palliative intervention, PIPAC may represent a biologically active component of personalized treatment strategies for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. These findings redefine the therapeutic narrative from symptom control toward disease modulation and treatment escalation, underscoring the need for prospective trials to refine patient selection and optimize multimodal sequencing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Oncology)

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4 pages, 1959 KB

Open AccessInteresting Images

Uncommon Presentation of Hidrocystoma in a 14-Year-Old Girl

by Agata Maria Kawalec-Rutkowska

Diagnostics 2026, 16(12), 1772; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16121772 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Hidrocystoma is a rare benign cystic tumor of sweat gland origin, most commonly located in the periorbital region, with uncommon occurrence in the retroauricular area. This article presents a case of a 14-year-old patient with a retroauricular mass present for approximately four years, [...] Read more.

Hidrocystoma is a rare benign cystic tumor of sweat gland origin, most commonly located in the periorbital region, with uncommon occurrence in the retroauricular area. This article presents a case of a 14-year-old patient with a retroauricular mass present for approximately four years, which had remained stable in size until a gradual enlargement was observed over the preceding 11 months. The lesion was associated with intermittent fluid discharge and periodic episodes of local skin inflammation, likely related to mechanical irritation from earrings worn by the patient. Otherwise, the lesion was asymptomatic, with no persistent pain or systemic signs of infection. Clinical examination revealed a well-circumscribed, cystic lesion located in the retroauricular region. Ultrasonographic evaluation demonstrated features consistent with a benign cystic structure. Based on clinical and imaging findings, the lesion was qualified for surgical excision. Complete removal of the mass was performed without complications. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of hidrocystoma. The postoperative course was uneventful, with no recurrence observed during follow-up. This case highlights a rare location and atypical clinical course of hidrocystoma in an adolescent patient, emphasizing the role of clinical assessment and ultrasonography in preoperative evaluation, as well as the potential impact of chronic mechanical irritation on local inflammatory episodes. Surgical excision remains an effective definitive treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Interesting Images)

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11 pages, 466 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Prognostic Model Incorporating Age and Systemic Inflammation Response Index for Primary CNS Lymphoma

by Ryosuke Matsuda, Takeshi Okuda, Hiromasa Yoshioka, Kengo Yamada, Takayuki Morimoto, Tsutomu Nakazawa, Hiromichi Hayami, Ryosuke Maeoka, Shohei Yokoyama and Ichiro Nakagawa

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(6), 345; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33060345 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background: Here, we propose a novel predictive scoring system incorporating age and the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), which is calculated using neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts, for patients with newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Methods: The study included 55 [...] Read more.

Background: Here, we propose a novel predictive scoring system incorporating age and the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), which is calculated using neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts, for patients with newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Methods: The study included 55 consecutive patients with sufficient blood test data and follow-up at our institution between November 2006 and May 2022. Age and SIRI were identified as prognostic factors and incorporated into a predictive multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. A scoring system of 0–2 points was created, with 1 point each assigned to age ≥ 65 years and high SIRI score (≥1.43 × 10⁹/L). We subsequently validated the predictive scoring system in an independent external validation cohort. Results: Patients with 0, 1, and 2 points were assigned to groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) was 35.9 months in the entire training cohort and 57.8, 37.2, and 16.1 months in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The three groups showed significant differences in median OS (p < 0.001), with lower scores corresponding to longer survival times. The performance of our new scoring system was significant in the training cohort and in the external validation cohort. Conclusion: Our new scoring system incorporating age and SIRI may serve as a preliminary prognostic model for predicting OS in patients with PCNSL. This score may be beneficial for disease risk stratification and clinical decision-making in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Neuro-Oncology)

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25 pages, 5046 KB

Open AccessArticle

Systemic Bias in Occupational Gender Representations in China: A Cross-Platform Audit of Search Engines and Generative AI

by Jue Lai, Xiaowei Gong and Yu-Peng Zhu

Systems 2026, 14(6), 661; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14060661 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

As AI permeates daily life, algorithmic platforms increasingly function as complex sociotechnical systems that shape public perception and societal attitudes. Addressing concerns that AI text-to-image models and search engines reinforce stereotypes, this study focuses on China, a context marked by traditional gender norms [...] Read more.

As AI permeates daily life, algorithmic platforms increasingly function as complex sociotechnical systems that shape public perception and societal attitudes. Addressing concerns that AI text-to-image models and search engines reinforce stereotypes, this study focuses on China, a context marked by traditional gender norms and a vast technological ecosystem, examining how algorithmic systems perpetuate gender power structures through occupational representations. Using algorithmic audits of 60 occupations, Z-tests, and QAP network analysis, this study compares platform gender representations with national census data, systematically distinguishing “generative bias” in AI platforms (Doubao Seedream 3.0, Jimeng Image 3.0) from “retrieval bias” in search engines (Baidu, Sogou). Findings reveal that search engines reinforce stereotypes by over-representing dominant genders and obscuring non-mainstream ones. Generative AI exhibits more radical distortions. The specialized AI Jimeng shows a strong gender polarization feature, while the general AI Doubao shows an ideal balanced gender presentation tendency, balancing representation yet creating an equally false reality. Compared to search engines, AI platforms have greater creativity in representing occupational gender. This study reveals a mutually reinforcing bias cycle among audiences, media, and algorithms, offering a crucial non-Western perspective for feminist technology studies and significant implications for equitable AI governance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Social Science)

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27 pages, 1115 KB

Open AccessArticle

MixedBayes: An R Package for Longitudinal Gene–Environment Interaction Analysis Using Robust Sparse Bayesian Mixed Models

by Kun Fan, Xiaoxi Li, Shejuty Devnath, Brock Olson and Cen Wu

Entropy 2026, 28(6), 649; https://doi.org/10.3390/e28060649 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Robust variable selection methods have emerged as powerful tools for dissecting high-dimensional gene–environment interactions in longitudinal studies, owing to their ability to accommodate intra-cluster correlations, capture structured sparsity, and handle heavy-tailed repeated measures. Despite these advantages, variable selection-based interaction analysis still suffers from [...] Read more.

Robust variable selection methods have emerged as powerful tools for dissecting high-dimensional gene–environment interactions in longitudinal studies, owing to their ability to accommodate intra-cluster correlations, capture structured sparsity, and handle heavy-tailed repeated measures. Despite these advantages, variable selection-based interaction analysis still suffers from a lack of valid inferential tools to quantify the uncertainty associated with important gene–environment interactions. In this paper, we introduce the R package mixedBayes (version 0.2.5), which implements fully Bayesian robust mixed-effects models proposed in recent work for high-dimensional longitudinal gene–environment interaction analysis. Specifically, the package considers two major classes of mixed models. The first accommodates interactions between omics features and treatment effects arising from repeated-measures one-way ANOVA with high-dimensional genetic factors. The second provides a more general framework for modeling interactions between individual genetic main effects and environmental factors. Both models enable posterior Bayesian inference via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). We provide detailed numerical examples and accompanying R code to facilitate robust interaction analysis using mixedBayes. In addition, a case study based on longitudinal asthma data with high-dimensional SNP measurements is presented. Full article

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18 pages, 1652 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Nomogram for Predicting Tenofovir-Associated Osteoporosis in Chronic Hepatitis B

by Elif Can Semet and Cihan Semet

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(12), 4442; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15124442 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background/Objective: Long-term tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy is associated with progressive bone mineral density loss in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), yet existing fracture risk algorithms, such as FRAX, were not designed for this population. We aimed to develop and internally validate [...] Read more.

Background/Objective: Long-term tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy is associated with progressive bone mineral density loss in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), yet existing fracture risk algorithms, such as FRAX, were not designed for this population. We aimed to develop and internally validate a clinical nomogram for identifying TDF-associated osteoporosis using penalized regression on demographic, virological, and biochemical predictors. Methods: In this single-center retrospective cohort study, 237 adult CHB patients receiving TDF for at least 12 months underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Osteoporosis was defined as a T-score of −2.5 or lower at the lumbar spine or femoral neck. Thirteen candidate predictors were evaluated using LASSO regression with 10-fold cross-validation; selected variables were entered into an unpenalized multivariable logistic regression model; internal validation employed bootstrap resampling with 200 replications to derive optimism-corrected estimates of discrimination and calibration. The clinical utility was assessed using decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Osteoporosis prevalence was 15.2% (n = 36). LASSO selected three predictors: prior fragility fracture (OR 11.45, 95% CI 4.82–27.15), the Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.45 per unit, 95% CI 1.15–1.85), and alkaline phosphatase. The model demonstrated strong discrimination (apparent C-index 0.860; optimism-corrected 0.845) with excellent calibration (slope 0.94, intercept 0.02; Brier score 0.095). At a 0.15 probability threshold, sensitivity was 86.0%, specificity 78.0%, and negative predictive value 97.0%. DCA confirmed superior net clinical benefit over default strategies across the 0.10–0.30 threshold range; a pre-specified sensitivity analysis excluding fracture history retained meaningful discrimination (corrected C-index 0.791). Conclusions: This nomogram offers a clinically actionable, disease-specific tool for stratifying osteoporosis risk in TDF-treated CHB patients, particularly well suited for safely deferring DXA imaging in low-risk individuals. External validation in multicenter and ethnically diverse cohorts is required before widespread implementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Infectious Diseases)

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20 pages, 2640 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Hydrothermally Synthesized Spinel Nanoferrites as Magnetically Separable and Recyclable Visible-Light Photocatalysts for Degradation of Hydrophilic Organic Pollutant

by Chien-Yie Tsay and Tai-Ting Ho

Catalysts 2026, 16(6), 531; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16060531 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

The objective of this study is to develop a nanosized, visible-light-responsive photocatalyst with magnetic separability and recyclability for repeated use. Spinel ferrite nanoparticles, which are environmentally friendly, are promising candidates for achieving this goal. Spinel ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via a low-temperature hydrothermal [...] Read more.

The objective of this study is to develop a nanosized, visible-light-responsive photocatalyst with magnetic separability and recyclability for repeated use. Spinel ferrite nanoparticles, which are environmentally friendly, are promising candidates for achieving this goal. Spinel ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via a low-temperature hydrothermal method to investigate their microstructural characteristics, magnetic properties, and photocatalytic performance. Initially, four ternary spinel ferrite (MFe₂O₄, where M = Mg, Mn, Co, and Zn) nanoparticles were compared in terms of their physical properties and photodegradation efficiencies of organic dye methylene blue (MB). Among them, the MgFe₂O₄ and ZnFe₂O₄ samples exhibited superior photocatalytic activity compared to the MnFe₂O₄ and CoFe₂O₄ samples. Subsequently, a systematic investigation of the Zn–Mg ferrite system (Zn_1−xMg_xFe₂O₄, x = 0 to 0.8 in increments of 0.2) was carried out. The results revealed that the x = 0.8 samples achieved the highest photodegradation efficiency of 99 for a 10 MB aqueous solution under visible-light irradiation for 90 min. This improved performance is attributed to formation of a heterojunction of Zn–Mg nanoferrite/Fe₂O₃, which promotes light harvesting and prevents photogenerated charge recommendation, thus significantly improving photocatalytic activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Topics in Catalytic Reactions: From Catalyst Preparation to Application in Diverse Fields)

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22 pages, 11583 KB

Open AccessArticle

Composite-Structured Anti-Resonant Fiber with High Temperature Sensitivity for Cancer Cell Detection

by Ruifan Wu, Qiming Wang, Yongqi Gai, Xiaolan Zhang, Xinru Shan and Danping Jia

Sensors 2026, 26(12), 3670; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26123670 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

This study proposes a novel anti-resonant fiber sensing structure based on a composite “egg-shaped” configuration with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. By designing a novel anti-resonant structure consisting of a semicircle and a semi-ellipse and coating its inner surface with a gold film, [...] Read more.

This study proposes a novel anti-resonant fiber sensing structure based on a composite “egg-shaped” configuration with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. By designing a novel anti-resonant structure consisting of a semicircle and a semi-ellipse and coating its inner surface with a gold film, the optimal structural parameters are determined through three sets of simulation experiments using temperature sensitivity as the criterion. The optimal sensing structure was applied to the simulated detection and analysis of cancer cells, aiming to provide value and reference for the application of high-sensitivity optical fiber sensor in the field of cancer cell detection. Simulation results show that the proposed sensing structure achieves a maximum temperature sensitivity (TS) of 3.86 nm/°C. For the detection of six different types of cancer cells, the maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS), optimal resolution (R), maximum figure of merit (FOM), maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and best limit of detection (LOD) reach 12,142.86 nm/RIU, 8.24 × 10⁻⁶, 3035.72 RIU⁻¹, 65.50, and 0.94 nm, respectively. Owing to its unique detection mechanism, the proposed sensing structure exhibits label-free characteristics and demonstrates balanced and excellent performance across all metrics for both temperature and cancer cell detection, showing broad application prospects and great potential in the fields of environmental monitoring and medical prevention and treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biomedical Sensors)

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20 pages, 525 KB

Open AccessArticle

Moderate Dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus Supplementation Enhances Mid-Growth Nutrient Utilization and Shifts Intestinal Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli Counts in Yellow-Feathered Broilers

by Buheliqiemu Yushanaji, Xiao Zhang, Tian Tian, Qianqian Kou, Junmei Li, Jiancheng Liu and Fengming Li

Animals 2026, 16(12), 1778; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16121778 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

This study tested the hypothesis that dietary L. acidophilus would improve nutrient utilization in yellow-feathered broilers mainly through intestinal changes rather than a consistent increase in growth performance. A total of 195 one-day-old broilers were assigned to a control group (basal diet), a [...] Read more.

This study tested the hypothesis that dietary L. acidophilus would improve nutrient utilization in yellow-feathered broilers mainly through intestinal changes rather than a consistent increase in growth performance. A total of 195 one-day-old broilers were assigned to a control group (basal diet), a T1 group (basal diet with 10 g/kg L. acidophilus), or a T2 group (basal diet with 15 g/kg L. acidophilus), with five replicates of 13 birds per treatment over 63 days. The biological responses followed a clear pattern. First, supplementation did not significantly affect average daily feed intake, average daily gain, or feed-to-gain ratio at any growth stage or across the entire trial (days 1–63; p > 0.05), indicating limited direct effects on growth. Second, the main nutritional response occurred during days 22–42, when T1 increased the apparent nutrient digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, crude protein, and gross energy compared to the control (p < 0.05). Third, intestinal responses aligned with localized gut modulation: both supplemented groups had higher culture-based Lactobacillus counts and lower E. coli counts in the cecum and ileum (p < 0.05), and T1 increased duodenal villus height (p < 0.05). In contrast, serum biochemical, immune, and antioxidant indices showed only isolated, phase-dependent changes and were not considered the primary response. Overall, moderate dietary supplementation with L. acidophilus enhanced nutrient utilization during mid-growth and was linked to targeted intestinal bacterial and morphological changes, but it did not consistently improve growth performance in yellow-feathered broilers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Poultry)

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23 pages, 18208 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of High-Temperature Roasting on the Phase Composition of Pellets Based on Aluminum Slags and Their Testing in the Smelting of Ferrosilicon

by Ablay Zhunusov, Renat Tyulyubayev, Altynsary Bakirov, Aygul Zhunusova, Anar Kenzhebekova and Onuralp Yücel

Metals 2026, 16(6), 632; https://doi.org/10.3390/met16060632 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

This paper examines a resource-saving technology for ferrosilicon smelting using industrial waste, specifically aluminum slag and aspiration dust from ferroalloy production. A technological approach is proposed based on the preliminary pelletization of finely dispersed aluminum slag to improve the physicochemical properties of the [...] Read more.

This paper examines a resource-saving technology for ferrosilicon smelting using industrial waste, specifically aluminum slag and aspiration dust from ferroalloy production. A technological approach is proposed based on the preliminary pelletization of finely dispersed aluminum slag to improve the physicochemical properties of the charge materials and ensure their efficient use in the metallurgical process. Pellets were produced by granulation in a disk granulator using a lignosulfonate binder, followed by drying and high-temperature firing in the temperature range of 600–800 °C. Microstructural and energy-dispersive analysis revealed the formation of a stable aluminosilicate matrix, represented predominantly by mullite-like phases, ferrosilicate inclusions, and calcium–magnesium silicates. The formation of these phases contributes to the strengthening of the pellet structure and the formation of intergranular bonds during heat treatment. Experimental ferrosilicon smelting was conducted in a laboratory ore-thermal electric arc furnace. The results demonstrated a stable electrothermal smelting regime, satisfactory charge layer gas permeability, and effective reduction processes. The resulting alloy corresponds to FS-45 ferrosilicon grade with a silicon content of approximately 48%. It was established that aluminum slag-based pellets actively participate in the formation of an aluminosilicate slag system of the SiO₂-Al₂O₃-CaO-MgO type, ensuring favorable slag physicochemical properties and efficient separation of the metallic and slag phases. The proposed approach enables the incorporation of industrial waste into metallurgical production, reducing the environmental impact, and increasing the resource efficiency of silicon ferroalloy production processes. Full article

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19 pages, 504 KB

Open AccessArticle

Human Capital and Certifications Predict Operational CSR in Food-Service Micro-Enterprises: Evidence from Piura, Peru

by Francisco Segundo Mogollón García, Emma Verónica Ramos Farroñán, Fiorella Francesca Floreano Arévalo, Ana Paula Rivas Burgos, Eddy William Gives Mujica, Esteban Joaquín Durand Gonzales, Shirley Lilette Rodríguez Chamorro and Claudia Elizabeth Nuñez Montalban

Sustainability 2026, 18(12), 5876; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18125876 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Although corporate social responsibility (CSR) research in hospitality has grown substantially, most evidence comes from large corporations in high-income countries, leaving food-service micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in emerging economies largely unexplored. This study investigated which sociodemographic and organizational factors predict operational CSR [...] Read more.

Although corporate social responsibility (CSR) research in hospitality has grown substantially, most evidence comes from large corporations in high-income countries, leaving food-service micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in emerging economies largely unexplored. This study investigated which sociodemographic and organizational factors predict operational CSR practices in 150 formal restaurants in Piura, Peru, using a quantitative, cross-sectional, associative-predictive design. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics v.28 for descriptive, bivariate, and regression analyses, and IBM SPSS AMOS v.27 for confirmatory factor analysis. Grounded in an integrative framework combining human capital theory, institutional theory, and stakeholder theory, the study operationalized CSR through three dimensions validated for the Peruvian context: supplier relations, customer relations, and food safety. Multiple regression analysis revealed that manager academic education, certifications, and monthly sales were significant predictors, jointly explaining 23.9% of CSR variance, while firm size and service mode were not significant. Nearly all establishments scored at an intermediate CSR level, with none reaching the optimal category. Theoretically, these findings demonstrate that managerial cognitive capabilities and institutional routinization mechanisms are more powerful drivers of sustainability adoption than firm size in resource-constrained contexts. Practically, the results suggest that subsidized certification programs and targeted management training represent more efficient sustainability levers than generic business growth loans for food-service MSEs, contributing to SDG targets 8.3, 12.3, and 12.6. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Food)

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12 pages, 635 KB

Open AccessReview

Association Between Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Vasomotor Symptoms: A Scoping Review

by Anastasia Ntikoudi, Anastasia Papachristou, Afroditi Tsalkitzi, Despoina Rizikou, Eleni Evangelou, George Mastorakos and Eugenia Vlachou

Endocrines 2026, 7(2), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines7020027 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background: Vasomotor symptoms (VMS), particularly hot flashes and night sweats, are highly prevalent during the menopausal transition and have been increasingly associated with adverse cardiometabolic profiles. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a major manifestation of systemic metabolic dysregulation and is rising [...] Read more.

Background: Vasomotor symptoms (VMS), particularly hot flashes and night sweats, are highly prevalent during the menopausal transition and have been increasingly associated with adverse cardiometabolic profiles. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a major manifestation of systemic metabolic dysregulation and is rising globally. Emerging evidence suggests a potential overlap between menopausal symptom severity and MASLD risk; however, this relationship remains insufficiently characterized. Method: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines to map the existing evidence on the association between VMS and MASLD. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE was performed for English-language studies published between January 2015 and December 2025. Eligible studies included original research assessing both MASLD and menopausal symptoms. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively. Methodological quality was appraised using the CASP Cross-Sectional Studies Checklist. Results: Of 690 identified records, five cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 106 to 5995 participants from Korea, Greece, and the United States. Across studies, moderate-to-severe VMS were consistently associated with increased MASLD prevalence or higher surrogate indices of hepatic steatosis. Women with more severe VMS demonstrated unfavorable metabolic profiles, including greater insulin resistance and elevated liver enzyme levels. Although adjustments for body mass index and hypertension attenuated some associations, the overall trend remained positive. Heterogeneity was observed in diagnostic tools and symptom assessment methods. Conclusions: Current evidence indicates a consistent association between VMS severity and MASLD in peri- and postmenopausal women. While causality cannot be inferred due to cross-sectional designs, VMS may represent a clinical marker of underlying metabolic and hepatic dysfunction. Longitudinal and mechanistic studies are warranted to clarify directionality and inform integrated screening strategies in midlife women. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Endocrine Immunology, Cytokines and Cell Signaling)

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16 pages, 4641 KB

Open AccessArticle

Feasibility Study of a High-Flow Air-Cooled Metal-Tip Microwave Thermal Ablation Needle

by Mattia Dimitri, Martina Ricci and Guido Biffi Gentili

AppliedPhys 2026, 2(2), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedphys2020005 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Microwave (MW) ablation is a minimally invasive technique used to destroy pathological tissues through localized heating generated by a needle applicator. Internally cooled applicators using water circulation have long been the standard for high-power applications; however, water cooling introduces significant mechanical complexity. This [...] Read more.

Microwave (MW) ablation is a minimally invasive technique used to destroy pathological tissues through localized heating generated by a needle applicator. Internally cooled applicators using water circulation have long been the standard for high-power applications; however, water cooling introduces significant mechanical complexity. This work investigates the feasibility of a novel air-cooled coaxial thermal-ablation needle operating at 2.45 GHz up to 70 W. The system uses two concentric metal tubes—an outer 14 G stainless steel shaft (OD 2.1 mm) and an inner copper capillary (OD 1 mm, ID 0.7 mm)—serving simultaneously as the MW transmission line and cooling conduit, with dry air at room temperature (25 °C) flowing at 11 L/min under 5 bar input pressure. Experimental cooling efficiency tests demonstrated 78% efficiency for the shaft section in air and 32% for the section embedded in tissue. Electromagnetic and thermal simulations predicted ablation dimensions in a non-perfused liver of 35 mm short axis with ellipticity of 0.65 for the basic applicator, improving to 0.88 with an advanced PEEK-shaft design featuring a cancelling slot. A prototype was built and tested on exvivo bovine liver, achieving input matching better than −24 dB at 2.44 GHz and ablation dimensions (average of 5 tests) of 31 mm short axis and 45 mm long axis. Results confirm the feasibility of air cooling as a simpler, safer, and lower-cost alternative to water cooling for medium-power MW ablation. Full article

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11 pages, 238 KB

Open AccessArticle

Food Safety Practices and Contamination Patterns in University Food Outlets: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Vivat Keawdounglek, Warapon Paenkhokuard, Anuttara Hongthong, Tantika Sinjai and Siripan Puanmoon

Hygiene 2026, 6(2), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene6020035 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background: Food contamination in institutional food service settings remains a significant public health concern, particularly where large numbers of consumers are exposed daily. This study aimed to assess chemical and microbiological contamination, evaluate food handlers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), and identify [...] Read more.

Background: Food contamination in institutional food service settings remains a significant public health concern, particularly where large numbers of consumers are exposed daily. This study aimed to assess chemical and microbiological contamination, evaluate food handlers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), and identify contamination patterns in university food outlets. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted across all 77 food outlets within a university in northern Thailand. KAP was assessed using a structured questionnaire, while chemical and microbiological contamination were evaluated using standard screening methods. Results: Food handlers demonstrated generally high KAP scores; however, microbiological contamination was still observed, including Escherichia coli on food handlers’ hands (27.3%) and food-contact utensils (14.3%), as well as Salmonella spp. in ready-to-eat food (6.5%). In contrast, chemical contamination was rarely detected in screening tests. Moreover, cluster analysis identified four distinct contamination patterns, indicating heterogeneity in contamination risk across outlets. Conclusions: These findings suggest that reported food safety practices may not fully prevent contamination and that food safety management should incorporate both behavioral and operational controls to effectively reduce contamination risks in institutional settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Food Hygiene and Safety)

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19 pages, 8237 KB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Influence of Molding Methods and Binders on the Properties of Spinel Sintered Bricks from Secondary Aluminum Dross

by Lang Tao, Xiao Wang, Zizhi Ying, Taishan Chen, Hongfu He, Dehua Liang, Fei Wang and Guojun Lv

Processes 2026, 14(12), 1860; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14121860 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Harmless treatment significantly raises the alumina content of secondary aluminum dross (SAD), laying the foundation for the preparation of MgAl₂O₄ (MA) refractory bricks from SAD by doping MgO. Relevant research on different molding methods, as well as the effects of [...] Read more.

Harmless treatment significantly raises the alumina content of secondary aluminum dross (SAD), laying the foundation for the preparation of MgAl₂O₄ (MA) refractory bricks from SAD by doping MgO. Relevant research on different molding methods, as well as the effects of binder types and dosages on the physical properties (such as compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and thermal shock resistance) of sintered bricks, remains inadequate. In this study, 15 wt% MgO was first added to make the Al₂O₃/MgO mass ratio of SAD close to the theoretical value of 2.53 for MA formation, and the SAD-MgO premix was used as raw material. The influence of molding methods and binders on the properties of sintered bricks was investigated. The results indicate that dry pressing outperforms casting in physical performance. When calcium lignosulfonate (CL) was used as the binder for dry pressing, the average compressive strength reached a maximum of 102.12 MPa, the corresponding thermal conductivity was 2.24 W/(m·K), and the sample withstood 11 thermal shock cycles. Binder dosage experiments showed that the optimal CL addition was 5 wt%, and the recommended upper limit was 10 wt%. This work provides a new perspective for the high-value utilization of SAD in the preparation of spinel refractory bricks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Solid Waste Treatment and Design (2nd Edition))

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13 pages, 24723 KB

Open AccessArticle

A New Trioza Species (Hemiptera: Triozidae) from Japan Associated with Urtica (Urticaceae)

by Hiromitsu Inoue

Insects 2026, 17(6), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17060606 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

A nettle-feeding psyllid of the genus Trioza (Hemiptera: Triozidae) was discovered in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Although the European species Trioza urticae has been reported from Japan in several databases and publications, these records are based on erroneous literature citations rather than examined specimens. [...] Read more.

A nettle-feeding psyllid of the genus Trioza (Hemiptera: Triozidae) was discovered in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Although the European species Trioza urticae has been reported from Japan in several databases and publications, these records are based on erroneous literature citations rather than examined specimens. Adult and immature materials collected from Urtica platyphylla were examined morphologically and analysed using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA barcoding. The Japanese species is closely related to Palaearctic T. urticae and Nearctic T. albifrons but is consistently distinguishable by several adult and immature morphological characters. In addition, COI sequences show large interspecific divergence (≥12%) among the three species, supporting its distinct taxonomic status. The Japanese species is therefore described as Trioza miyatakei sp. nov., and Japan is formally excluded from the distribution range of T. urticae. These results indicate that records of T. urticae in East Asia surrounding Japan require re-examination using both morphology and DNA barcoding. A diagnostic key to all known Urtica-feeding species of Trioza worldwide is provided. Furthermore, the Chinese species Triozopsis huai Li, 2011 is transferred to Trioza as Trioza huai (Li, 2011) comb. nov. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy of Psylloidea)

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28 pages, 2352 KB

Open AccessArticle

Urban Resilience as Lived Experience: A Structural Evaluation of Residential Satisfaction in Post-Earthquake İzmit

by Deniz Gerçek

Sustainability 2026, 18(12), 5877; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18125877 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Residential satisfaction serves as a critical metric for lived resilience, reflecting the sustained functionality of sociospatial systems. However, its long-term evolution in post-disaster, rapidly urbanizing landscapes remains under-researched. This study evaluates sociospatial dynamics in İzmit, Turkey, nearly three decades after the 1999 İzmit [...] Read more.

Residential satisfaction serves as a critical metric for lived resilience, reflecting the sustained functionality of sociospatial systems. However, its long-term evolution in post-disaster, rapidly urbanizing landscapes remains under-researched. This study evaluates sociospatial dynamics in İzmit, Turkey, nearly three decades after the 1999 İzmit Earthquake, analyzing how urbanization trajectories shape resilience outcomes. Grounded in a bottom-up spillover model, the research utilizes a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) framework to analyze resident survey data, complemented by a spatial “sections-based” analysis to capture intraurban variability across distinct development processes. Social capital emerged as the strongest predictor of residential satisfaction, potentially acting as a compensatory mechanism in deprived neighborhoods, despite physical deficiencies. Findings revealed profound sociospatial heterogeneity in long-term urban recovery. Paradoxically, contemporary mass housing exhibited lower satisfaction scores than older informal developments, challenging the assumption that formal planning and modern construction inherently guarantee sustained resilience. By utilizing residential satisfaction to interpret uneven lived resilience across urbanization trajectories, this study advocates for prioritizing the most influential quality domains through targeted interventions. These insights move beyond technical recovery metrics to offer a transferable framework for disaster-prone cities seeking to align institutional planning goals with the actualized residential satisfaction of communities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

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8 pages, 687 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Successful Limb Salvage in MRSA Bacteremic Septic Charcot Midfoot Using Continuous Local Antibiotic Perfusion and Circular External Fixation: A Case Report

by Koji Nozaka and Naohisa Miyakoshi

Clin. Pract. 2026, 16(6), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract16060108 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background: Septic Charcot neuroarthropathy is a limb- and life-threatening condition characterized by the coexistence of neuropathic joint destruction and infection. In patients with severe systemic compromise, major amputation is often considered inevitable. Case Presentation: A 47-year-old man with untreated diabetes mellitus [...] Read more.

Background: Septic Charcot neuroarthropathy is a limb- and life-threatening condition characterized by the coexistence of neuropathic joint destruction and infection. In patients with severe systemic compromise, major amputation is often considered inevitable. Case Presentation: A 47-year-old man with untreated diabetes mellitus presented with progressive painless swelling of the left foot. He had morbid obesity (120 kg, 165 cm; body mass index 44.1 kg/m²), severe hypoalbuminemia, and chronic kidney disease associated with nephrotic syndrome. Laboratory tests showed marked inflammation and poor glycemic control, and blood cultures were positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Radiographs and computed tomography demonstrated destructive changes involving the talonavicular and subtalar joints, consistent with septic Charcot neuroarthropathy involving the midfoot. Because of sepsis, pulmonary edema, and heart failure, below-knee amputation was proposed at the referring hospital. However, limb salvage was attempted using aggressive debridement, continuous local antibiotic perfusion (CLAP; gentamicin 1200 μg/mL) administered for 14 days, and temporary circular external fixation. Serum gentamicin concentrations and renal function were regularly monitored to ensure systemic safety and avoid nephrotoxicity. Results: Repeat irrigation and final debridement were performed 20 days after the index surgery, at which time the external fixator was removed and intraoperative cultures were negative. The patient was discharged 2 months after surgery without evidence of recurrent infection. At 4-year follow-up, no recurrence had occurred, and the patient was able to walk independently. Conclusions: Limb salvage may be feasible even in severely compromised patients with septic Charcot midfoot and MRSA bacteremia when aggressive debridement, CLAP, and temporary external fixation are combined with careful systemic safety monitoring. This case suggests that limb salvage may be considered in selected high-risk patients, although further studies are required. Full article

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19 pages, 865 KB

Open AccessReview

The Evolving Role of Intralesional Therapy in In-Transit Melanoma

by Celine Jeun, Mackenzie M. Mayhew, Kate Joshua and Russell G. Witt

Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(6), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33060344 (registering DOI) - 9 Jun 2026

Abstract

In-transit melanoma represents a biologically aggressive form of locoregional disease in which effective management requires integration of local tumor control with systemic immune engagement. Although traditional regional therapies achieve high response rates, they have not consistently translated into durable systemic survival. This review [...] Read more.

In-transit melanoma represents a biologically aggressive form of locoregional disease in which effective management requires integration of local tumor control with systemic immune engagement. Although traditional regional therapies achieve high response rates, they have not consistently translated into durable systemic survival. This review evaluates the clinical development and mechanistic rationale of intralesional therapies, including cytokine-based approaches, oncolytic viruses, immunocytokines, and energy-based delivery platforms, as immunologic intermediaries. Analysis of clinical trial data suggests that outcomes may heavily depend on an agent’s ability to induce immunogenic cell death and sustain antigen presentation. Platforms such as talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), vusolimogene oderparepvec (RP1), and tavokinogene telseplasmid with electroporation (Tavo-EP) demonstrate enhanced activity in combination with checkpoint blockade, whereas therapies limited to pattern-recognition receptor activation have shown inconsistent efficacy in randomized trials. Emerging noninvasive technologies, such as focused ultrasound, may further expand strategies for remodeling the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to enable immune sensitization. These findings support a shift toward mechanism-based treatment selection in which locoregional therapies function to overcome immune resistance rather than solely reduce tumor burden. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunotherapy for Melanoma: Systemic and Locoregional Approaches, Mechanisms, and Future Directions)

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