MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

14 pages, 504 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Correlates of Gambling Behaviour Among Adolescents: The Role of Psychological Factors, School Behaviours, and Normative Perceptions

by Mariaelisa Renna, Emina Mehanović, Giulia Giraudi, Alberto Sciutto, Erica Viola, Marco Martorana, Serena Vadrucci, Maria Ginechesi, Claudia Vullo, Adalgisa Ceccano, Chiara Andrà, Pietro Casella, Fabrizio Faggiano, Federica Vigna-Taglianti and the GAPUnplugged Coordination Group

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 653; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050653 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

Background: Gambling risk behaviour is an emerging problem among adolescents. This study investigated the role of psychological factors, school behaviours, and normative perceptions as correlates of gambling among 12–14-year-old students in Italy. Methods: The study included 1822 students from 29 secondary schools in [...] Read more.

Background: Gambling risk behaviour is an emerging problem among adolescents. This study investigated the role of psychological factors, school behaviours, and normative perceptions as correlates of gambling among 12–14-year-old students in Italy. Methods: The study included 1822 students from 29 secondary schools in two Italian Regions (Piedmont and Lazio) who participated in the baseline survey of the experimental controlled trial “GAPUnplugged”. Results: The prevalence of gambling in the last 30 days was 36.4%. The mean age was 13.1 years. Multilevel mixed-effect regression models identified high positive attitudes, high performance beliefs, low risk perceptions toward gambling, friends’ gambling, friends’ approval of gambling, and gambling with friends as independent correlates of adolescent gambling behaviour. Conclusions: It appears essential to design and implement preventive strategies addressing these factors among early adolescents in order to reduce gambling behaviours and their consequences in later ages. Full article

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25 pages, 3862 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Generic Architecture for Self-Organized Adaptive Platform System of Systems

by Miri Sitton, Rozi Alon and Yoram Reich

Systems 2025, 13(5), 368; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13050368 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

Future systems of systems (SoSs) must adapt rapidly to evolving environments and stakeholder needs, yet conventional system engineering approaches often lack the flexibility to accommodate such change without costly re-engineering. Addressing this gap, this study proposes a novel, generic architecture model for self-organized [...] Read more.

Future systems of systems (SoSs) must adapt rapidly to evolving environments and stakeholder needs, yet conventional system engineering approaches often lack the flexibility to accommodate such change without costly re-engineering. Addressing this gap, this study proposes a novel, generic architecture model for self-organized adaptive platform SoSs, emphasizing a modular, layered structure that enables dynamic integration and reconfiguration of sub-units for diverse missions. The research is grounded in a comprehensive review of complex SoS theory and platform system design, focusing on physical platforms with central management. Methodologically, this study develops a logical architecture for electronics and software, detailing the roles and interactions of each architectural layer and component. The model’s efficacy is demonstrated through its application to the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, where it identified opportunities to enhance the aircraft’s adaptability and self-organization. Results indicate that early adoption of this generic architecture can significantly reduce design and redesign costs, prevent over-specification, and promote lifecycle adaptability across various platform types—including land, air, and sea systems. The proposed architecture thus offers a robust foundation for future adaptive SoSs, supporting efficient evolution in response to unpredictable operational demands. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue System of Systems Engineering)

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13 pages, 2333 KiB

Open AccessArticle

AI-Supported Decision Making in Multi-Agent Production Systems Using the Example of the Oil and Gas Industry

by Polina A. Sharko, Zhanna V. Burlutskaya, Daria A. Zubkova, Aleksei M. Gintciak and Kapiton N. Pospelov

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(10), 5366; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15105366 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

This study focuses on the development of a decision support system for complex production systems. As a promising approach to resource allocation challenges, the application of AI tools, particularly the multi-agent approach, is proposed. It is hypothesized that a decision support system based [...] Read more.

This study focuses on the development of a decision support system for complex production systems. As a promising approach to resource allocation challenges, the application of AI tools, particularly the multi-agent approach, is proposed. It is hypothesized that a decision support system based on multi-agent systems (MASs), grounded in an invariant ontology and utilizing game-theoretic tools, will enhance the effectiveness of managerial decisions by accounting for the inherent multi-agent nature of complex production systems, manifested in diverse objective functions and intricate interaction structures. The work identifies key features of intelligent agent interactions in multi-agent systems. Drawing on interaction types relevant to complex production systems and the selected MAS implementation architecture, an ontological model of multi-agent interactions and an ontological model for managing complex production systems are designed. The proposed models are tested using data from an oil and gas enterprise, and a formalization of utility functions for its agents is provided using game-theoretic tools. The resulting ontological model of multi-agent interactions in complex production systems is practical and easy to implement. It enables the design of MASs for diverse complex production systems, as demonstrated through a resource management case study in the oil and gas industry. Future study will refine the ontological model via industry-specific validation and expand the mathematical and computational tools for model implementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Supported Decision Making and Recommender Systems)

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20 pages, 6364 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Skeleton Photoperiod Enhances Photosynthetic Yield in Celery via Circadian-Regulated Metabolic Coordination

by Hengmin Lv, Chen Chen, Jian Luo, Mengting Xiao, Aisheng Xiong, Xilin Hou and Xiong You

Horticulturae 2025, 11(5), 520; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11050520 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

The circadian clock orchestrates photosynthetic and metabolic processes in plants, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the photoperiodic regulation of photosynthetic yield remain poorly understood. Here, we integrated computational modeling and experimental validation to investigate how the skeletal photoperiod modulates photosynthetic efficiency in celery [...] Read more.

The circadian clock orchestrates photosynthetic and metabolic processes in plants, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the photoperiodic regulation of photosynthetic yield remain poorly understood. Here, we integrated computational modeling and experimental validation to investigate how the skeletal photoperiod modulates photosynthetic efficiency in celery (Apium graveolens L.). Our model revealed that endogenous circadian rhythms dynamically regulate photosynthetic gene expression (e.g., Lhcb1, psbA, RbcS1, and atpA) and photosynthetic parameters (net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance) through interactions between clock components (CCA1/LHY and PRR9/PRR7) and light signaling. In particular, the 3L:3D skeleton photoperiod induced the highest 24 h photosynthetic accumulation (a 32% and 22% increase in chlorophyll and nitrogen content, respectively, vs. 12L:12D), outperforming continuous light (LL) and longer photoperiods. Rhythmic peaks of photosynthetic genes aligned with circadian-driven oscillations in the photosynthetic parameters, while a strong negative correlation between the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) emerged under 3L:3D cycles. Model simulations demonstrated robustness in capturing phase-specific gene expression and parameter dynamics across photoperiods, highlighting the role of the circadian clock in optimizing energy use. These results demonstrate that abnormal L/D cycles, particularly 3L:3D, increase photosynthetic yield by enhancing circadian-regulated metabolic coordination, providing a low-energy, high-efficiency strategy for agricultural productivity. This work advances our understanding of photoperiodic manipulation in crop systems and provides a predictive framework for circadian-informed crop management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Protected Culture)

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12 pages, 7715 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Dux Is Dispensable for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: A Study Inspired by a “Red Flagged” Publication and Editorial Oversight

by Kenric Chen, Erdong Wei, Ana Mitanoska, Micah D. Gearhart, Michael Kyba and Darko Bosnakovski

Cells 2025, 14(10), 695; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14100695 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

Double homeobox (DUX) genes are key embryonic regulators that are silenced after the early cleavage stages of embryogenesis. Aberrant expression of DUX4 in skeletal muscle is linked to facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). A recent study reported that Dux, the murine ortholog of DUX4, [...] Read more.

Double homeobox (DUX) genes are key embryonic regulators that are silenced after the early cleavage stages of embryogenesis. Aberrant expression of DUX4 in skeletal muscle is linked to facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). A recent study reported that Dux, the murine ortholog of DUX4, contributes to the dystrophic phenotype in mdx mice, a Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) model, and that its deletion enhances muscle regeneration by reducing oxidative stress. However, convincing evidence of Dux expression in intact or injured muscle of wild-type (WT) and mdx mice is lacking, raising questions about its role in muscle homeostasis. To investigate this, we assessed Dux expression in WT and mdx mice and used Dux knockout (Dux^Δ/Δ) mice to evaluate its function during regeneration following cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced injury. Contrary to prior reports, Dux was not expressed in either WT or mdx mice. Moreover, Dux deletion did not enhance muscle regeneration or affect the expression of the oxidative stress regulator Nrf2 following CTX injury. Lastly, we confirmed that neither DUX4 nor its target genes were induced in muscle biopsies from DMD patients, excluding a role for DUX4 in DMD pathology. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Dux does not impact skeletal muscle regeneration or DUX4 contribution to the DMD dystrophic phenotype, directly challenging the conclusions of a previously published study. We comment on issues of editorial oversight that led to the publication of that study and highlight the deleterious impact of the growing wave of fraudulent publications. Full article

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16 pages, 676 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inheritance and Development of Self-Love: A Measurement Based on Chinese Adults

by Liming Xue and Xiting Huang

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 652; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050652 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

Self-love is a fundamental psychological construct cultivated throughout human history. In Confucian culture, it is considered the ultimate Ren, while in ancient Greek thought, it serves as the center from which love radiates. Previous qualitative research identified five dimensions of self-love, but these [...] Read more.

Self-love is a fundamental psychological construct cultivated throughout human history. In Confucian culture, it is considered the ultimate Ren, while in ancient Greek thought, it serves as the center from which love radiates. Previous qualitative research identified five dimensions of self-love, but these lacked quantitative validation. This study developed the Chinese Adult Self-Love Scale (SLS) based on prior qualitative findings, constructing an initial item bank of 90 statements. The first study assessed the item relevance and clarity, resulting in a preliminary 68-item scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of 456 participants refined it to a 22-item scale with five indicators. The second study, with 929 participants, examined its reliability and validity. Cronbach’s α exceeded 0.75, and the test–retest reliability after six weeks was 0.66. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the scale’s validity (CFI = 0.91, TFI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.048). This study highlights self-love’s inheritance and development among Chinese adults, as well as its cross-cultural commonalities. It provides a valid, reliable tool for measuring self-love and offers a theoretical foundation for future cross-cultural research. While limitations exist, the findings suggest promising directions for further exploration. Full article

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4 pages, 143 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial on Special Issue “Advances in Natural Products for Cutaneous Application”

by Ana Žugić, Vanja Tadić and Ivana Nešić

Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(5), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050639 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

A growing trend of “returning to nature”, and a subsequent increase in the popularity of plant-based products, has arisen as a result of the activities of environmental movements around the world and emerging evidence about the side effects of synthetic substances [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Natural Products for Cutaneous Application)

16 pages, 2455 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards a Simplified Numerical Methodology for Estimating the Efficiency of an Air Handling Unit

by Mercè Garcia-Vilchez, Paula Torres, Gustavo Raush, Robert Castilla, Miquel Torrent and Mónica Morte

Energies 2025, 18(10), 2468; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102468 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

This work presents a study on the calculation of transmittance in an air handling unit (AHU) through three methods. A semi-empirical estimation based on simplified models of heat and mass transfer has been used. In addition, experimental tests were carried out in a [...] Read more.

This work presents a study on the calculation of transmittance in an air handling unit (AHU) through three methods. A semi-empirical estimation based on simplified models of heat and mass transfer has been used. In addition, experimental tests were carried out in a real AHU under controlled conditions. The measured temperature inside and outside the AHU were used to calculate the transmittance. Finally, numerical simulations were performed on specific sections of the AHU and on a global model, with and without radiation. The simulations provided detailed results on the flow behavior and temperature distribution. The results were compared and analyzed to assess the accuracy and applicability of the three methods. The heat transfer obtained with the semi-empirical method is 38% larger than that obtained with the experimental measurement, in contrast with the 8% of difference observed with numerical simulations. It is revealed that radiation, and thus the emissivity of surfaces, plays an important role in heat transfer of the AHU. This research contributes to the knowledge and understanding of transmittance in AHUs, providing valuable information for the design and optimization of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Full article

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15 pages, 678 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Measuring Quality of Life in Stroke Survivors: Validity and Reliability of the Spanish COOP/WONCA Scale

by Trinidad Sentandreu-Mañó, Adrián García-Mollá, Inmaculada Oltra Ferrús, José M. Tomás and José Ricardo Salom Terrádez

Medicina 2025, 61(5), 878; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61050878 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Strokes significantly impact patients’ quality of life (QoL), affecting physical, cognitive, and social functioning. While health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessments are essential for patient-centered care and clinical decision-making, many existing tools are limited by cultural biases or practical [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Strokes significantly impact patients’ quality of life (QoL), affecting physical, cognitive, and social functioning. While health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessments are essential for patient-centered care and clinical decision-making, many existing tools are limited by cultural biases or practical constraints. The COOP/WONCA charts offer a simple, brief, and validated alternative for functional assessment, yet their psychometric properties in stroke survivors remain underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the COOP/WONCA charts in assessing HRQoL among Spanish stroke survivors. Materials and Methods: Structural validity, reliability, and criterion-related validity were studied for COOP/WONCA charts in a sample of 91 stroke survivors, where 39.6% were women and 60.4% were men. Their ages ranged from 44 to 93 years old (M = 68.84; SD = 9.44). A total of 70% of the strokes had an ischemic origin and 30% were hemorrhagic. To assess dimensionality, three Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) were performed, differentiated by the inclusion of charts. Results: The CFA corroborate the best fitting of single-factor structure six-charts version (χ² (9) = 8.69, p = 0.465, RMSEA = 0.000, 90% CI [0.000–0.141], CFI = 0.999, SRMR = 0.048). The results of criterion-related validity indicated significant correlation between dimensions of SF-36 and sociodemographic, clinical and physical variables. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.95 for the 9 domains version and 0.93 for the 6 domains version. Conclusions: These findings support that the COOP/WONCA Spanish version is a reliable and valid scale for assessing health-related quality of life among stroke survivors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in Stroke Rehabilitation)

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19 pages, 3649 KiB

Open AccessArticle

by Caiyuan Yu, Mingjuan Xun, Fei Yu, Hengyu Li, Ying Liu, Wei Zhang and Jun Yan

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(10), 4609; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104609 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

Glioma is the most common primary malignant intracranial tumor with limited treatment options and a dismal prognosis. This study aimed to develop a robust gene expression-based prognostic signature for GBM using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets. [...] Read more.

Glioma is the most common primary malignant intracranial tumor with limited treatment options and a dismal prognosis. This study aimed to develop a robust gene expression-based prognostic signature for GBM using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets. Using WGCNA and LASSO algorithms, we identified four MHC-related genes (TNFSF14, MXRA5, FCGR2B, and TNFRSF9) as prognostic biomarkers for glioma. A risk model based on these genes effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with distinct survival outcomes across TCGA and CGGA cohorts. This signature correlated with immune pathways and glioma progression mechanisms, showing strong associations with immune function and tumor microenvironment infiltration patterns. The risk score reflected tumor microenvironment remodeling, suggesting its prognostic relevance. We further propose I-BET-762 and Enzastaurin as potential therapeutic candidates for glioma. In conclusion, the four-gene signature we identified and the corresponding risk score model constructed from it provide valuable tools for the prognosis prediction of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and may guide personalized treatment strategies. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) risk score has demonstrated significant prognostic evaluation utility in clinical GBM patients, bringing potential implications for patient stratification and the optimization of treatment regimens. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Immunology)

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24 pages, 3232 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Anomaly Node Detection Method for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Deep Metric Learning with Fusion of Spatial–Temporal Features

by Ziheng Wang, Miao Ye, Jin Cheng, Cheng Zhu and Yong Wang

Sensors 2025, 25(10), 3033; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25103033 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) use distributed nodes for tasks such as environmental monitoring and surveillance. The existing anomaly detection methods fail to fully capture correlations in multi-node, multi-modal time series data, limiting their effectiveness. Additionally, they struggle with small sample scenarios because they [...] Read more.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) use distributed nodes for tasks such as environmental monitoring and surveillance. The existing anomaly detection methods fail to fully capture correlations in multi-node, multi-modal time series data, limiting their effectiveness. Additionally, they struggle with small sample scenarios because they do not effectively map features to classes. To address these challenges, this paper presents an anomaly detection approach that integrates deep learning with metric learning. A framework incorporating a graph attention network (GAT) and a Transformer is developed to capture spatial and temporal features. A novel distance measurement module improves similarity learning by considering both intra-class and inter-class relationships. Joint metric-classification training improves model accuracy and generalization. Experiments conducted on public datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves an F1 score of 0.89, outperforming the existing approaches by 7%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor-Based Computational Intelligence and Security Technologies, and Their Applications)

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9 pages, 203 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Coffee Intake Reduces Short-Term Carbohydrate and Lipid Consumption

by Evgenia Lazou, Ioannis Vlastos, Kalliopi Gkouskou, Efstathios Skoufas and Dimitrios Chaniotis

Dietetics 2025, 4(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics4020020 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

Background: Epidemiological studies on the effect of coffee intake on food consumption have yielded conflicting results. We sought to study the immediate and short-term effects of coffee consumption on food preferences, total calories, and macronutrient consumption within a specific, closely supervised experimental protocol. [...] Read more.

Background: Epidemiological studies on the effect of coffee intake on food consumption have yielded conflicting results. We sought to study the immediate and short-term effects of coffee consumption on food preferences, total calories, and macronutrient consumption within a specific, closely supervised experimental protocol. Methods: Twenty-one normal-weight volunteers completed this crossover, randomized, controlled study. Each volunteer took part in two trials consuming (a) 200 mL of instant coffee providing 5 mg of caffeine/kg body weight or (b) 200 mL of water (control). In both trials, participants were offered an ad libitum lunch meal from a buffet for 30 min. Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, as well as total caloric consumption were recorded during the initial 30 min period of the experiment (immediate period) as well as during the rest of the day (short-term period). Results: Coffee intake resulted in a statistically significant lower intake of immediate and short-term carbohydrate consumption (p = 0.012 and p = 0.047), of immediate protein consumption (p = 0.019), and of short-term lipid consumption (p = 0.04) versus water consumption. As a result, the calories consumed both immediately upon coffee administration and during the rest of the day of the experiment were significantly lower (p = 0.026 and p = 0.006) in the coffee group. Conclusions: Coffee intake seems to exert an anorexigenic result that last for several hours upon its consumption, particularly for carbohydrates and lipids. Full article

23 pages, 3626 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Evidence-Based Management in Driving Sustainable Innovation in Saudi Arabian Healthcare Systems

by Alia Mohammed Almoajel

Sustainability 2025, 17(10), 4352; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17104352 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

Nowadays, evidence-based management (EBM) plays an important role in bringing sustainability into the decision-making process in the healthcare industry. The present study examines how evidence-based management affects the strategic decision criteria for the cost efficiency, equity, and accessibility of medical services in Saudi [...] Read more.

Nowadays, evidence-based management (EBM) plays an important role in bringing sustainability into the decision-making process in the healthcare industry. The present study examines how evidence-based management affects the strategic decision criteria for the cost efficiency, equity, and accessibility of medical services in Saudi Arabia. A mixed-methods approach used hybrid surveys, interactive focus groups, digital ethnography, and experience sampling methods to collect data from healthcare managers, policymakers, and stakeholders. Structural equation modeling (SEM), latent semantic analysis (LSA), XGBoost models, and dynamic network analysis (DNA), among others, were used to provide robust insights about the system. The results showed a 25 percent increase in cost efficiency, a 20 percent improvement in inequitable resource allocation, and a 15 percent improvement in accessibility with evidence-based management adoption. According to the XGBoost models, streamlined resource management explains 30% of the variation in cost efficiency, and data-driven decision-making practices explain 35% of the variance in equity performance. After EBM implementation, collaborative efforts among stakeholders increased by 40%, as determined by DNA analysis. In addition, time-series analysis revealed a 22% reduction in operational delays, improving service delivery. These results suggest that evidence-based management is an important opportunity to ‘bend the curve’ of patient care, driving healthcare sustainability by optimizing resource use, equity, and accessibility. The contributions of this research to the broader discourse on sustainable healthcare management lie in its proven actionable insights and scalable framework for evidence-based management practices. The integration of advanced analytics underlines its relevance for global healthcare systems to attain long-term efficiency and sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Innovations in Health Economics and Health Management: Opportunities and Challenges)

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22 pages, 10357 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of an Asymmetric Alginate Hydrogel Loaded with S-Nitrosoglutathione and Its Application in Chronic Wound Healing

by Jiafeng Tan, Minna Wen, Yifan Zhang, Shuyun Zhang, Min Fang, Junxiao Xiang, Xinshuo Liu, Jinhuan Tian, Lu Lu, Binghong Luo, Changren Zhou and Lihua Li

Gels 2025, 11(5), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11050354 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous signaling molecule that plays a critical role in wound healing. However, the gaseous nature, short half-life, and low stability of NO present challenges for its clinical application. To address these issues, this study introduces an innovative S-nitrosoglutathione [...] Read more.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous signaling molecule that plays a critical role in wound healing. However, the gaseous nature, short half-life, and low stability of NO present challenges for its clinical application. To address these issues, this study introduces an innovative S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)-loaded asymmetric alginate (SA) hydrogel (GSNO-SA) as a novel solution for treating infected chronic wounds. The hydrogel is designed with a layer-by-layer melting-permeation crosslinking approach, forming a dense upper layer and a sparse lower layer structure, effectively promoting exudate management while delaying NO release. The results demonstrate that the GSNO-SA hydrogel extends NO release for up to 48 h, exhibits rapid exudate absorption (72.3 ± 1.5% equilibrium swelling after 5 min), significant antibacterial activity (over 90% antibacterial rate against E. coli and S. aureus), and anti-inflammatory effects (marked reduction in TNF-α expression), and promotes angiogenesis (90.00 ± 5.92% migration rate at 48 h). Additionally, animal studies show that the GSNO-SA hydrogel accelerates wound healing, achieving a 99.2 ± 0.1% closure rate at 14 days. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations further confirm its ability to regulate inflammation (13.34-fold upregulation of CD163) and promote angiogenesis (3.02-fold upregulation of α-SMA). Theoretically, this asymmetric design provides a novel strategy for developing exudate-managing dressings by integrating controlled NO release with hierarchical pore structures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biopolymer Gel-Assisted Synthesis of Particles for Biomedical Applications (2nd Edition))

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15 pages, 3119 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in Ovarian Activity and Expressions of Follicle Development Regulation Factors During the Laying–Incubation Cycle in Magang Geese

by Rui Wu, Junfeng Sun, Jianqiu Pan, Xu Shen, Danli Jiang, Hongjia Ouyang, Danning Xu, Yunbo Tian and Yunmao Huang

Animals 2025, 15(10), 1390; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15101390 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

Strong broodiness is an important reproductive characteristic of Magang geese, manifested by periodic laying–incubation activities during the breeding season. To investigate the changes in ovarian activity, follicular development, and gonadal reproductive regulators during the laying–incubation cycle, this study examined ovarian morphology, follicular development, [...] Read more.

Strong broodiness is an important reproductive characteristic of Magang geese, manifested by periodic laying–incubation activities during the breeding season. To investigate the changes in ovarian activity, follicular development, and gonadal reproductive regulators during the laying–incubation cycle, this study examined ovarian morphology, follicular development, blood reproductive hormones, and the expressions of reproductive regulators in the gonadal stroma, follicular granulosa, and membranous layer of the follicles during the laying, early broodiness, depth of broodiness, and end of broodiness periods of Magang geese. The results showed that ovarian activity degenerated and atrophied with the onset of brooding: the number of LWFs and SYFs decreased rapidly; LFY disappeared; PRL in the blood increased significantly; FSH, P4, E2, and INH decreased significantly; and the mRNA levels of GnIH and steroidogenic factors were up-regulated in the ovarian stroma. With the termination of brooding, the ovarian activity was gradually restored: the numbers of LWFs and SYFs increased gradually; LYF began to appear; PRL in the blood decreased; FSH and E2 increased; P4 remained low; and expressions of GnIH and steroidogenic factors were down-regulated in the ovarian stroma. During the laying period, with the rapid development of follicles, the expressions of FSHR and GnIH were significantly up-regulated; GnIH expression peaked in the SY granulosa layer, while FSHR expression peaked in the F6 granulosa layer. As LYF developed and ovulation occurred, the expressions of FSHR and GnIH were significantly down-regulated, LHR expression was significantly up-regulated, the expression of GnIHR peaked in the F3 granulosa layer and then declined, PRLR expression was the lowest in the F1 granulosa layer, steroidogenic factor StAR was up-regulated, CYP19A1 was down-regulated, and 3β-HSD peaked in the F3 granulosa layer and then declined. The results indicate that GnIH/GnIHR, FSHR, LHR, and PRLR in the gonad correspond to the upstream reproductive hormones and the jointly regulated steroid hormone production and follicular development, which leads to periodic changes in ovarian activity during the laying–incubation cycle of the breeding season of Magang geese. GnIH/GnIHR might play an important regulatory role for FSHR, LHR, and PRLR in the gonads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Poultry)

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18 pages, 10405 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reducing Upper-Limb Muscle Effort with Model-Based Gravity Compensation During Robot-Assisted Movement

by Leigang Zhang, Hongliu Yu and Desheng Li

Sensors 2025, 25(10), 3032; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25103032 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

Clinical research has demonstrated that stroke patients benefit from active participation during robot-assisted training. However, the weight of the arm impedes the execution of tasks and movements due to the functional disability. The purpose of this paper is to develop a gravity compensation [...] Read more.

Clinical research has demonstrated that stroke patients benefit from active participation during robot-assisted training. However, the weight of the arm impedes the execution of tasks and movements due to the functional disability. The purpose of this paper is to develop a gravity compensation strategy for an end-effector upper limb rehabilitation robot based on an arm dynamics model to reduce the arm’s muscle activation level. This control strategy enables real-time evaluation of arm gravity torques based on feedback from upper limb kinematic parameters. The performance of the proposed strategy in movement tracking is then compared to that of other types of weight compensation strategies. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to movements without compensation, the mean activation levels of arm muscles with the proposed strategy showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05), except for activation of the triceps. Furthermore, the proposed strategy provides superior performance in reducing the arm muscle’s effort compared to the position-varying weight compensation strategy. Therefore, with the proposed strategy, the end-effector rehabilitation robot might improve participation in robot-assisted rehabilitation training, as well as the usability and feasibility of the rehabilitation or assistive robot. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors-Enabled Assistive Technologies for Health Monitoring and Elderly Care)

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18 pages, 9159 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Engineering Design and Prototyping of an Auxiliary Standing Toilet Chair Driven by Electric Cylinders

by Long-Chang Hsieh, Tzu-Hsia Chen, Po-Cheng Lai and Tsung-Ming Huang

Machines 2025, 13(5), 402; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13050402 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

As physical capabilities decline with age, elderly individuals often require assistance from others when using the toilet. An auxiliary standing toilet chair can enhance convenience for the elderly, allowing them to use the toilet independently. Commercially available auxiliary standing toilet chairs and related [...] Read more.

As physical capabilities decline with age, elderly individuals often require assistance from others when using the toilet. An auxiliary standing toilet chair can enhance convenience for the elderly, allowing them to use the toilet independently. Commercially available auxiliary standing toilet chairs and related patents share common issues, such as seat link rotation angles of less than 45° and a high driving force requirement. This study categorizes four-bar linkages into three design concepts and then carries out a kinematic design process based on the design requirements and constraints of the auxiliary standing toilet chair. Three feasible design examples were developed, followed by motion simulations and driving force analyses using INSPIRE 2019.2 software. In Design Example I, an actuator directly drives the seat link, rotating the seat to 48°. The required driving force for a 150 kg user is reduced from 6070 N to 2258 N, representing a 62.35% reduction in the required force. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Machine Design and Theory)

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34 pages, 1534 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Analysis of Skill Shortages, Skill Mismatches, and the Threats of Migration in Labor Markets: A Sectoral Approach in North Macedonia, Türkiye, Ethiopia, and Ukraine

by Violeta Cvetkoska, Predrag Trpeski, Igor Ivanovski, Filip Peovski, Meryem Hamsi İmrol, Berk Babadoğan, Halil Ecer, Durmuş Ziya Görür, Umut Selvi, Adula Bekele Hunde, Fekede Tuli Gemeda, Yosef Beco Dubi, Segii Melnyk, Andrii Lytvynchuk and Hanna Tereshchenko

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050294 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

Labor markets worldwide are increasingly strained by skill shortages, mismatches, and migration pressures, disrupting workforce stability and economic growth. This study conducts a comparative sectoral analysis in North Macedonia, Türkiye, Ethiopia, and Ukraine, focusing on the manufacturing, information and communication technology, and hospitality [...] Read more.

Labor markets worldwide are increasingly strained by skill shortages, mismatches, and migration pressures, disrupting workforce stability and economic growth. This study conducts a comparative sectoral analysis in North Macedonia, Türkiye, Ethiopia, and Ukraine, focusing on the manufacturing, information and communication technology, and hospitality sectors, to examine the root causes and economic consequences of these challenges. Using a qualitatively driven mixed-methods approach, the research integrates expert interviews, surveys, and labor market data to assess skill gaps, workforce imbalances, and the role of migration. The findings reveal education–industry misalignment, inadequate vocational training, and low wages as persistent drivers of shortages. Additionally, the war in Ukraine, internal conflicts in Ethiopia, and refugee inflows in Türkiye amplify workforce instability, while North Macedonia faces severe emigration, particularly in the sectors of manufacturing and information and communication technologies. These insights are essential for policymakers, industry leaders, and educators in designing labor market interventions that foster workforce resilience. The study recommends national qualification reforms, industry–education collaboration, and improved wage structures to mitigate talent loss and strengthen labor market sustainability. By offering empirical evidence from diverse socio-economic contexts, this research contributes to global discussions on workforce development, migration economics, and labor policy reforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Work, Employment and the Labor Market)

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21 pages, 2951 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Power Quality Control Methods for Active Distribution Networks with Large-Scale Renewable Energy Integration

by Yongsheng Wang, Yaxuan Guo, Haibo Ning, Peng Li, Baoyi Cen, Hongwei Zhao and Hongbo Zou

Processes 2025, 13(5), 1469; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051469 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2025

Abstract

With the proposal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the proportion of distributed renewable energy generation in active distribution networks (ADNs) has been continuously increasing. While this has effectively reduced greenhouse gas emissions, it has also given rise to power quality issues [...] Read more.

With the proposal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the proportion of distributed renewable energy generation in active distribution networks (ADNs) has been continuously increasing. While this has effectively reduced greenhouse gas emissions, it has also given rise to power quality issues such as excessive or insufficient voltage amplitudes. To effectively address this problem, this paper proposes a multi-resource coordinated dynamic reactive power–voltage coordination optimization method. Firstly, an improved Generative Convolutional Adversarial Network (GCAN) is used to generate typical wind and solar power output scenarios. Based on these generated typical scenarios, a voltage control model for ADNs is established with the objective of minimizing voltage fluctuations, fully exploiting the dynamic reactive power regulation resources within the ADN. In view of the non-convex and nonlinear characteristics of the model, an improved Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm is employed for model optimization and solution seeking. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are demonstrated through simulations using modified IEEE-33-bus and IEEE-69-bus test systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Driven Innovations for Enhancing Power System Stability and Operational Efficiency)

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14 pages, 3391 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A UV-Photon-Energy-Integrated Gas Sensor Based on Pt-Nanoparticle-Decorated TiO₂ Nanorods for Room-Temperature Hydrogen Detection

by Ju-Eun Yang, Sohyeon Kim, Jeonghye Yoon, Jeongmin Lee, Il-Kyu Park and Kyoung-Kook Kim

Chemosensors 2025, 13(5), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13050177 (registering DOI) - 11 May 2025

Abstract

Hydrogen sensors play a crucial role in ensuring safety in various industrial applications. In this study, we demonstrated the use of a room-temperature hydrogen gas sensor based on Pt-nanoparticle-decorated TiO₂ nanorods (TiO₂ NRs/Pt NP). The TiO₂ NRs were synthesized via [...] Read more.

Hydrogen sensors play a crucial role in ensuring safety in various industrial applications. In this study, we demonstrated the use of a room-temperature hydrogen gas sensor based on Pt-nanoparticle-decorated TiO₂ nanorods (TiO₂ NRs/Pt NP). The TiO₂ NRs were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, followed by Pt deposition using sputtering and thermal annealing. Under UV illumination, the TiO₂ NR/Pt NP gas sensor exhibited a remarkable response of 2.4 at a 1% hydrogen concentration, which is approximately 5.9 times higher than that of bare TiO₂ NRs measured in the dark. This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic effect of Pt NPs, which promote charge separation and spillover for oxygen molecules, and UV activation, which generates additional carriers. Moreover, the sensor demonstrated stable and reliable detection of hydrogen concentrations up to 1% without the need for external heating, underscoring its practical applicability under ambient conditions. These results demonstrate that TiO₂ NRs/Pt NP, combined with UV activation, provide a promising approach for highly sensitive and room-temperature hydrogen detection, offering significant potential for hydrogen monitoring and hydrogen energy systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Nanomaterial-Based Gas Sensors)

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20 pages, 75902 KiB

Open AccessArticle

From Iterative Methods to Neural Networks: Complex-Valued Approaches in Medical Image Reconstruction

by Alexandra Macarena Flores, Víctor José Huilca, César Palacios-Arias, María José López, Omar Darío Delgado and María Belén Paredes

Electronics 2025, 14(10), 1959; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14101959 (registering DOI) - 11 May 2025

Abstract

Complex-valued neural networks have emerged as an effective instrument in image reconstruction, exhibiting significant advancements compared to conventional techniques. This study introduces an innovative methodology to tackle the difficulties related to image reconstruction within medical microwave imaging. Initially, in the estimation phase, the [...] Read more.

Complex-valued neural networks have emerged as an effective instrument in image reconstruction, exhibiting significant advancements compared to conventional techniques. This study introduces an innovative methodology to tackle the difficulties related to image reconstruction within medical microwave imaging. Initially, in the estimation phase, the proposed methodology integrates the Born iterative method with quadratic programming. Subsequently, in the refinement stage, the study explores the application of complex-valued neural networks to enhance the quality of reconstructions. The research emphasizes distinct complex-valued neural network architectures, namely, CV-UNET, CV-CNN, CV-MLP, and their corresponding performances. CV-UNET stands out as the best architecture, surpassing conventional methods and the other complex-valued neural networks variants. The complex-valued neural network improves the fidelity of reconstructions and simplifies the procedure by obviating the need for multiple training steps, a common prerequisite in real-valued neural networks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications and Challenges of Image Processing in Smart Environment)

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13 pages, 1054 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Self-Assembled Cannabigerol-Based Nanoparticles: Design, Synthesis, and Antiproliferative Activity

by Arianna Amenta, Giulia Nordio, Francesco Piazzola, Maria Luisa Di Paolo, Fabio Milani, Martina Giacomini, Andrea Citarella, Umberto Ciriello, Giuseppe Paladino, Sara Pellegrino, Federica Silvestri, Valerio Fasano, Lisa Dalla Via and Daniele Passarella

Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(5), 636; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050636 (registering DOI) - 11 May 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid with significant therapeutic potential, showing emerging applications in drug delivery. This study aimed to develop and evaluate CBG-conjugated nanoparticles (NPs) incorporating tubulin-targeting drugs to enhance anticancer activity. Methods: CBG was conjugated with N-desacetylthiocolchicine, paclitaxel, and [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid with significant therapeutic potential, showing emerging applications in drug delivery. This study aimed to develop and evaluate CBG-conjugated nanoparticles (NPs) incorporating tubulin-targeting drugs to enhance anticancer activity. Methods: CBG was conjugated with N-desacetylthiocolchicine, paclitaxel, and camptothecin using sebacic acid and 4,4′-dithiodibutyric acid as linkers, and nanoparticles were obtained. The NPs were characterized by their stability and size (hydrodynamic diameters <90 nm). Their antiproliferative activity was assessed in three human tumor cell lines and non-tumorigenic cells. Their cellular uptake and mechanisms of action were investigated via confocal microscopy and cell cycle analysis. Results: The chemical composition of the linkers significantly influenced the antiproliferative effect, with the NPs containing 4,4′-dithiodibutyric acid demonstrating higher activity. Notably, NP3b, formulated with this linker, exhibited up to an 80-fold increase in antiproliferative potency compared to its sebacic acid counterpart (NP3a). In mesothelioma cells (MSTO-211H), NP3b displayed significantly higher cytotoxicity than in non-tumorigenic mesothelial cells (MeT-5A), indicating selectivity for cancer cells. Further analysis in glioblastoma cells confirmed that the NPs retained the microtubule-disrupting effects of their parent drugs. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of CBG-based NPs as versatile nanomedicine platforms for targeted cancer therapy. This study underscores the importance of linker chemistry in modulating therapeutic efficacy and supports the development of multifunctional drug delivery systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Naturally Derived Materials-Based Drug Delivery Systems and Their Biomedical Applications)

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17 pages, 355 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sensing-Aided Communication Method for Distributed Radar Communication System

by Xinren Wang, Sisi Xia, Zhongzheng Ding, Qin Wang, Wenchao Xia and Haitao Zhao

Sensors 2025, 25(10), 3028; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25103028 (registering DOI) - 11 May 2025

Abstract

Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) has emerged as a key direction in 6G technology and is currently a major focus of research. This paper proposes a dynamic power allocation scheme that, under the constraints of transmission power and detection probability, formulates power allocation [...] Read more.

Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) has emerged as a key direction in 6G technology and is currently a major focus of research. This paper proposes a dynamic power allocation scheme that, under the constraints of transmission power and detection probability, formulates power allocation as an optimization problem aimed at maximizing the system sum rate. The approach accounts for varying target motion states, inter-user interference, and channel conditions. By jointly considering target motion sensing, inter-user interference, and channel conditions, our approach outperforms traditional methods that optimize communication and sensing separately. Numerical simulation results show that this scheme can achieve excellent performance in complex real-world environments. This work contributes to the development of efficient ISAC solutions and provides insights for future research into 6G technologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Sensing and Communications in IoT Applications)

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17 pages, 1439 KiB

Open AccessReview

TAR RNA Mimicry of INI1 and Its Influence on Non-Integration Function of HIV-1 Integrase

by Ganjam V. Kalpana, Emilie Ernst and Swati Haldar

Viruses 2025, 17(5), 693; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17050693 (registering DOI) - 11 May 2025

Abstract

HIV-1 integrase (IN), an essential viral protein that catalyzes integration, also influences non-integration functions such as particle production and morphogenesis. The mechanism by which non-integration functions are mediated is not completely understood. Several factors influence these non-integration functions, including the ability of IN [...] Read more.

HIV-1 integrase (IN), an essential viral protein that catalyzes integration, also influences non-integration functions such as particle production and morphogenesis. The mechanism by which non-integration functions are mediated is not completely understood. Several factors influence these non-integration functions, including the ability of IN to bind to viral RNA. INI1 is an integrase-binding host factor that influences HIV-1 replication at multiple stages, including particle production and particle morphogenesis. IN mutants defective for binding to INI1 are also defective for particle morphogenesis, similar to RNA-binding-defective IN mutants. Studies have indicated that the highly conserved Repeat (Rpt) 1, the IN-binding domain of INI1, structurally mimics TAR RNA, and that Rpt1 and TAR RNA compete for binding to IN. Based on the RNA mimicry, we propose that INI1 may function as a “place-holder” for viral RNA to facilitate proper ribonucleoprotein complex formation required during the assembly and particle morphogenesis of the HIV-1 virus. These studies suggest that drugs that target IN/INI1 interaction may lead to dual inhibition of both IN/INI1 and IN/RNA interactions to curb HIV-1 replication. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 7th International Conference on Retroviral Integration)

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14 pages, 4598 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Solar Spectral Beam Splitting Simulation of Aluminum-Based Nanofluid Compatible with Photovoltaic Cells

by Gang Wang, Peng Chou, Yongxiang Li, Longyu Xia, Ye Liu and Gaosheng Wei

Energies 2025, 18(10), 2460; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102460 (registering DOI) - 11 May 2025

Abstract

Solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems can simultaneously solve PV overheating and obtain high-quality thermal energy through nanofluid spectral splitting technology. However, the existing nanofluid splitting devices have insufficient short-wavelength extinction and stability defects. To achieve the precise matching of the nanofluid splitting performance with [...] Read more.

Solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems can simultaneously solve PV overheating and obtain high-quality thermal energy through nanofluid spectral splitting technology. However, the existing nanofluid splitting devices have insufficient short-wavelength extinction and stability defects. To achieve the precise matching of the nanofluid splitting performance with the optimal spectral window of the PV/T system, this paper carries out a relevant study on the optical properties of Al nanoparticles and proposes an Al@Ag nanoparticle. The optical behaviors of nanoparticles and nanofluids are numerically analyzed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and the Beer–Lambert law. The results demonstrate that adjusting particle size enables modulation of nanoparticle extinction performance, including extinction intensity and resonance peak range. The Al@Ag core–shell structure effectively mitigates the oxidation susceptibility of pure Al nanoparticles. Furthermore, coating Al nanoparticles with an Ag shell significantly enhances their extinction efficiency in the short-wavelength range (350–640 nm). After dispersing Al nanoparticles into water to form a nanofluid, the transmittance in the short-wavelength range is significantly reduced compared to pure water. Compared to 50 nm pure Al particles, the Al@Ag nanofluid further reduces the transmittance by up to 13% in the wavelength range of 350–650 nm, while having almost no impact on the transmittance in the photovoltaic window (640–1080 nm). Full article

(This article belongs to the Section A2: Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Systems)

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26 pages, 5271 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Potential Assessment and Community Environment Support Strategies for Social Interaction, Based on the Spatiotemporal Behavior of Accompanying Elderly Migrants: A Case Study in Hangzhou

by Zhi Qiu, Bo Jin, Binwei Yun, Zhu Wang and Xincheng Pu

Land 2025, 14(5), 1043; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14051043 (registering DOI) - 11 May 2025

Abstract

With the growing trend of population mobility and the aging process in China, a significant number of accompanying elderly migrants have moved to major cities. However, in community public spaces, the behavioral differences between caregiver-oriented elderly migrants (CO-AEMs), family reunion-motivated elderly migrants (FR-AEMs), [...] Read more.

With the growing trend of population mobility and the aging process in China, a significant number of accompanying elderly migrants have moved to major cities. However, in community public spaces, the behavioral differences between caregiver-oriented elderly migrants (CO-AEMs), family reunion-motivated elderly migrants (FR-AEMs), and local elderly residents hinder social interactions between these groups. This study aims to explore opportunities for cross-group social interaction within the community environment. By utilizing GPS data collection and activity log analysis, along with spatiotemporal behavioral research methods, this study reconstructs the spatiotemporal trajectories of three groups of elderly individuals. The study proposes a social interaction potential (SIP) model based on the “support-constraint” framework. Through qualitative analysis of spatiotemporal behavioral characteristics and quantitative measurement of the degree of spatiotemporal behavioral co-occurrence across four modes, this study reveals the differentiated impact mechanisms of spatial and behavioral factors on social interactions, ultimately assessing SIP in differentiated community spaces and activities. This research highlights differences across spatial, behavioral, and temporal dimensions that hinder social interactions between the groups. Spatial and behavioral differences are primarily attributable to the lifestyle habits and activity preferences of the elderly, while temporal discrepancies reflect varying degrees of family-related constraints across the different groups. Furthermore, informal community public spaces show higher SIP than formal facilities. Additionally, the similarity in behaviors across groups facilitates social interactions. FR-AEMs and local elderly residents show higher SIP in self-care behaviors, while CO-AEMs and local elderly residents demonstrate stronger SIP in behaviors related to their family and grandchildren. Based on the segmented assimilation theory, this study proposes hierarchical community governance and spatial optimization strategies for activities and spaces with different SIP. The aim is to cultivate opportunities for interaction while respecting the characteristics of accompanying elderly migrants and to foster the construction of an inclusive community environment. The findings provide theoretical support and practical pathways for community space planning and social governance in the context of an aging society. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Planning and Designing Livable and Sustainable Regions: Integrating Urban and Regional Perspectives)

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