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17 pages, 18118 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Properties of Different Honey Varieties from Romania and Correlations to Their Composition

by Andreea Iosageanu, Laura Mihaela Stefan, Oana Craciunescu and Anisoara Cimpean

Life 2024, 14(9), 1187; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091187 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

The complex composition of honey plays a crucial role in wound healing, exhibiting varying effects at different stages of the healing process. This study investigated seven honey varieties sourced from different regions of Romania using in vitro experimental models developed in macrophage-like, fibroblast, [...] Read more.

The complex composition of honey plays a crucial role in wound healing, exhibiting varying effects at different stages of the healing process. This study investigated seven honey varieties sourced from different regions of Romania using in vitro experimental models developed in macrophage-like, fibroblast, and keratinocyte cell lines to explore the mechanisms by which honey promoted the healing process. This study assessed the impact of honey on inflammatory cytokine production in macrophage-like cells, cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in fibroblasts, and cell proliferation and migration in keratinocytes. Additionally, correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between honey composition and its biological properties. Honey varieties presented both anti- and pro-inflammatory effects. Moreover, they displayed dose-dependent pro-proliferative effects, stimulating collagen synthesis and cell migration, thereby enhancing the re-epithelialization process. The Pearson coefficient analysis indicated a strong positive correlation between biological activities and phenolic content. Additionally, there was a medium positive correlation with the ascorbic acid content and a medium negative correlation with the glucose content in the different honey varieties. Romanian honey varieties rich in phenolics showed potential in modulating inflammation, proliferation, collagen synthesis, and cell migration, suggesting their suitability for further evaluation and development of innovative dressings for skin tissue regeneration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Medicine: Unraveling the Medicinal Effects of Plant Extracts and Functional Foods)

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14 pages, 1398 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Countermovement Jump Peak Power Changes with Age in Masters Weightlifters

by Bryan L. Riemann, Matthew Johnson, Matthew K. Helms, Andrew Hatchett, Joseph D. Vondrasek, Cullun Q. Watts and Marianne Huebner

Sports 2024, 12(9), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12090259 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

Aging is associated with decreased muscle strength and power. Power is particularly important for maintaining the independence of older adults when performing activities of daily living. The countermovement jump has been identified as a reliable and safe method to assess lower extremity power [...] Read more.

Aging is associated with decreased muscle strength and power. Power is particularly important for maintaining the independence of older adults when performing activities of daily living. The countermovement jump has been identified as a reliable and safe method to assess lower extremity power across the lifespan. The purpose of this investigation was to study sex differences and age-related changes in countermovement jump peak power among masters weightlifters with the secondary purpose of comparing results to previous reports of community and masters athletes. Female (n = 63, 39 to 70 yrs, med (56 yrs)) and male (n = 39, 35 to 86 yrs, med (59 yrs)) participants of the 2022 World Masters Championships completed three maximal effort countermovement jump repetitions following a dynamic warm-up. Vertical ground reaction forces were recorded, and peak power normalized to body mass was calculated. Results indicated significant age-related peak power among weightlifters, with the decline being significantly more pronounced in males than females. Female weightlifters exhibited less age-related decline compared to normative data as well as the other Master athlete comparison cohorts (short and long-distance runners), whereas the males demonstrated similar age-related declines as the comparison cohorts. While the female weightlifters in the current study generally demonstrated the least age-related declines in CMJ peak power of the comparative literature, the male weightlifters showed similar age-related decline rates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Resistance Training and Physical Activity programs on Physical Performance and Body Composition in Middle-Age and Older People: Promoting Healthy Aging)

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17 pages, 1016 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in MicroRNA Genes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Susceptibility and Prognosis

by Elżbieta Szmida, Dorota Butkiewicz, Paweł Karpiński, Tomasz Rutkowski, Małgorzata Oczko-Wojciechowska and Maria Małgorzata Sąsiadek

Genes 2024, 15(9), 1226; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091226 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. The identification of molecular alterations adding to the individual risk of HNSCC development and progression is one of the most important challenges in studies on cancer genetics. [...] Read more.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. The identification of molecular alterations adding to the individual risk of HNSCC development and progression is one of the most important challenges in studies on cancer genetics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which belong to the group of important post-transcriptional regulators of human gene expression, seem to be valuable options for consideration as key modifiers of individual cancer risk, and therefore may be helpful in predicting inter-individual differences in cancer risk, response to treatment and prognosis. Methods: There have not been many studies focused on the relationship between miRNA variants and HNSCC published in PubMed within the last 15 years. We found and analyzed 30 reviews, meta-analyses and research papers and revealed 14 SNPs which have been reported as significant in the context of HNSCC susceptibility and/or prognosis. Results: These 14 SNPs were located in 13 separate miRNAs. Among them, four were the most frequently studied (miRNA-146, -196, -149 and -499) and have been shown to have the greatest impact on the course of HNSCC. However, the presented results have been conflicting. Conclusions: It must be concluded that, despite the years of studies, there are no conclusive reports demonstrating a significant role of SNPs in miRNAs in the context of the susceptibility to HNSCC or its prognosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of miRNAs in Human Cancer)

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23 pages, 7572 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of the Atlantic Water Boundary Current on the Phytoplankton Composition and Biomass in the Northern Barents Sea and the Adjacent Nansen Basin

by Larisa Pautova, Marina Kravchishina, Vladimir Silkin, Alexey Klyuvitkin, Anna Chultsova, Svetlana Vazyulya, Dmitry Glukhovets and Vladimir Artemyev

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(9), 1678; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091678 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

The modern Arctic is characterized by a decreased ice cover and significant interannual variability. However, the reaction of the High Arctic ecosystem to such changes is still being determined. This study tested the hypothesis that the key drivers of changes in phytoplankton are [...] Read more.

The modern Arctic is characterized by a decreased ice cover and significant interannual variability. However, the reaction of the High Arctic ecosystem to such changes is still being determined. This study tested the hypothesis that the key drivers of changes in phytoplankton are the position and intensity of Atlantic water (AW) flow. The research was conducted in August 2017 in the northern part of the Barents Sea and in August 2020 in the Nansen Basin. In 2017, the Nansen Basin was ice covered; in 2020, the Nansen Basin had open water up to 83° N. A comparative analysis of phytoplankton composition, dominant species, abundance, and biomass at the boundary of the ice and open water in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) as well as in the open water was carried out. The total biomass of the phytoplankton in the photic layer of MIZ is one and a half orders of magnitude greater than in open water. In 2017, the maximum abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the MIZ were formed by cold-water diatoms Thalassiosira spp. (T. gravida, T. rotula, T. hyalina, T. nordenskioeldii), associated with first-year ice. They were confined to the northern shelf of the Barents Sea. The large diatom Porosira glacialis grew intensively in the MIZ of the Nansen Basin under the influence of Atlantic waters. A seasonal thermocline, above which the concentrations of silicon and nitrogen were close to zero, and deep maxima of phytoplankton abundance and biomass were recorded in the open water. Atlantic species—haptophyte Phaeocystis pouchettii and large diatom Eucampia groenlandica—formed these maxima. P. pouchettii were observed in the Nansen Basin in the Atlantic water (AW) flow (2020); E. groenlandica demonstrated a high biomass (4848 mg m⁻³, 179.5 mg C m⁻³) in the Franz Victoria trench (2017). Such high biomass of this species in the northern Barents Sea shelf has not been observed before. The variability of the phytoplankton composition and biomass in the Franz Victoria trench and in the Nansen Basin is related to the intensity of the AW, which comes from the Frame Strait as the Atlantic Water Boundary Current. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Environmental Analysis and Monitoring: Recent Harmful Events and New Substances)

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18 pages, 5331 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flow Stress Constitutive Relation of S280 Ultrahigh Strength Stainless Steel

by Mutong Liu, Xiaochang Xie, Ye Tian, Yuwei Xia, Kelu Wang and Shiqiang Lu

Crystals 2024, 14(9), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14090819 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

Isothermal constant-strain-rate compression experiments of S280 ultrahigh-strength stainless steel were conducted at 800–1150 °C, 0.001–10 s⁻¹, and 70% height reduction. The flow stress behaviors were analyzed based on the compression data. The strain compensation Arrhenius constitutive relation, multiple linear regression constitutive [...] Read more.

Isothermal constant-strain-rate compression experiments of S280 ultrahigh-strength stainless steel were conducted at 800–1150 °C, 0.001–10 s⁻¹, and 70% height reduction. The flow stress behaviors were analyzed based on the compression data. The strain compensation Arrhenius constitutive relation, multiple linear regression constitutive relation, and back-propagation (BP) neural network constitutive relation of this alloy were established for the first time. The S280 ultrahigh-strength stainless steel is characterized by a positive strain rate and negative temperature sensitivity. Its flow stress at high temperature (1000–1150 °C) and low temperature (800–950 °C) is generally at the steady state and the softening state, respectively. The three new flow stress constitutive relations all meet the requirements for engineering applications in terms of predictive precision. The BP neural network constitutive relation shows the highest predictive precision, with correlation coefficient R of 0.999 and average absolute relative error AARE of 1.04%. The strain compensation Arrhenius constitutive relation shows the lowest predictive precision, with R of 0.994 and AARE of 14.748%. The multiple linear regression constitutive relation shows the modest predictive precision, with R of 0.994 and AARE of 6.24%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Deformation of Advanced Alloys)

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21 pages, 18830 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prosthetist-Specific Rectification Templates Based on Artificial Intelligence for the Digital Fabrication of Custom Transtibial Sockets

by Andrea Giovanni Cutti, Maria Grazia Santi, Andrew H. Hansen, Stefania Fatone and Residual Limb Shape Capture Group

Prosthesis 2024, 6(5), 1149-1169; https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis6050083 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

The socket is the most important, patient-specific element of a prosthesis. Conventionally, the process of making a custom socket involves manually rectifying a plaster model of the residual limb. This process is time-consuming and often inconsistent among prosthetists because it is based on [...] Read more.

The socket is the most important, patient-specific element of a prosthesis. Conventionally, the process of making a custom socket involves manually rectifying a plaster model of the residual limb. This process is time-consuming and often inconsistent among prosthetists because it is based on implicit knowledge. Hence, the aim of this work was to describe a novel process of generating a prosthetist-specific, digital “global” template and to illustrate that it can be automatically applied to rectify the shape of a transtibial residual limb. The process involved (1) the acquisition of a “training” dataset of unrectified and rectified positive models through manual data collection and digital 3D scanning, and (2) the unsupervised learning of the prosthetist’s rectifications by an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm. The assessment of the process involved (1) evaluating whether the rectification rule learned by the AI was consistent with the prosthetist’s expectations, and (2) evaluating the template feasibility by applying the AI rectification process to a new residual limb and comparing the results to the prosthetist’s manual rectification for the same residual limb. The results suggest that the AI-rectified positive was consistent with the approach described by the prosthetist, with only small radial and angle errors and similar dimensions (volume and cross-sectional perimeters) as the hand-rectified positive. This study provides a proof-of-concept of the ability to integrate an AI algorithm into the fabrication process for transtibial prosthetic sockets. Once refined, this approach may provide a time-saving tool for prosthetists by automatically implementing typical rectifications and providing a good starting socket fit for individuals with amputation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Orthopedics and Rehabilitation)

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13 pages, 506 KiB

Open AccessReview

Finding Talent: An Overview of Research about Best Practices in Identification

by Susan K. Johnsen

Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 1027; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14091027 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

Instead of the traditional identification approaches that focus on selecting students for specific programs, talent identification models are tailored to individual student talents across a variety of domains and identify emerging talents needing to be developed. This flexibility is incorporated within The Talent [...] Read more.

Instead of the traditional identification approaches that focus on selecting students for specific programs, talent identification models are tailored to individual student talents across a variety of domains and identify emerging talents needing to be developed. This flexibility is incorporated within The Talent Identification Cycle that includes (a) pre-identification development opportunities; (b) a variety of assessments to develop individual student profiles; (c) services that are customized to each student’s interests, strengths, and needs; (d) ongoing assessments of student performance that consider program revisions and changes in placements; (e) an overall assessment of the identification process to ensure that all students receive appropriate services. Research evidence is summarized for each component of the cycle, along with considerations and concrete examples for practitioners. The conclusion incorporates possible challenges for schools that are engaged in moving away from more traditional to more flexible identification approaches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Curriculum and Teaching Practice for Advanced Learners)

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14 pages, 4733 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Proliferation of MG-63 Cells in Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Biomimetic Lattice Structures with Varying Strut Geometry and Porosity

by Dimitri P. Papazoglou, Laura Hobbs, Yvonne Sun and Amy Neidhard-Doll

Materials 2024, 17(18), 4608; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17184608 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

Lattice structures have demonstrated the ability to provide secondary stability in orthopedic implants by promoting internal bone growth. In response to the growing prevalence of lattices in orthopedic design, we investigated the effects of porosity and unit cell geometry in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V [...] Read more.

Lattice structures have demonstrated the ability to provide secondary stability in orthopedic implants by promoting internal bone growth. In response to the growing prevalence of lattices in orthopedic design, we investigated the effects of porosity and unit cell geometry in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V biomimetic lattice structures on the osteogenesis of human MG-63 osteoblastic cell lines in vitro. We analyzed glucose consumption, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration, and end-of-culture cell count as markers for osteogenic growth. Two different strut geometries were utilized (cubic and body-centered cubic), along with four different pore sizes (400, 500, 600, and 900 µm, representing 40–90% porosity in a 10 mm cube), in addition to a solid specimen. Structural characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that lattices with a 900 µm pore size exhibited the highest glucose consumption, the greatest change in ALP activity, and the highest cell count when compared to other pore sizes. Cubic 900 µm lattice structures outperformed other specimens in facilitating the maturation of viable MG-63 cells from the formation to the mineralization phase of bone remodeling, offering the most promise for osseointegration in additively manufactured titanium implants in the future. However, irrespective of a particular pore size or unit cell geometry, it was found that all the lattices were capable of promoting osteogenic growth due to surface roughness in the printed parts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Development of Metal-Based Biomaterials)

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17 pages, 15759 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Full-Scale Fire Experiment on Mezzanine Racks in Logistics Facilities

by Byeongheun Lee, Nam Jeon and Jeongki Min

Fire 2024, 7(9), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7090326 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

The increased demand for contactless services has facilitated a rapid increase in logistics facilities. There are shorter distances between the shelf racks used in mezzansine racks in such facilities compared to standard racks and can store various items; however, research on fire safety [...] Read more.

The increased demand for contactless services has facilitated a rapid increase in logistics facilities. There are shorter distances between the shelf racks used in mezzansine racks in such facilities compared to standard racks and can store various items; however, research on fire safety related to this remains insufficient. In this study, we visited four logistics facilities with mezzanine racks and one logistics facility using shelf racks to investigate their fundamental characteristics. Considering the characteristics of logistics facilities that store various combustibles, a fire test was conducted using unit shelf racks with packaging materials, boxes, and expandable polystyrene (EPS). Shelf racks loaded with corrugated fiberboard, cardboard boxes, and EPS exhibited the highest fire risk and were set as combustibles inside the rack. Before the experiment, the radiative heat flux was measured by considering the spacing distances of mezzanine racks observed on-site. The most frequently measured range was 43.7–67.3 kW/m² at 1.0–1.5 m. After beginning the fire experiment, when simulating mezzanine racks with aisle widths of 1.2–2.0 m, fire owing to radiative heat occurred within 5 min in the separated shelf racks. Based on the results, we estimate that the minimum separation distance required to prevent radiant heat-based fires between shelving racks inside a mezzanine is 3.2 m. These findings are expected to be utilized in fire prevention by increasing the understanding of the spread of fire in shelf racks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Fire Risk Assessment and Safety Management in Buildings and Urban Spaces)

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11 pages, 414 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of COVID-19 on Functional Capacity and Pulmonary Outcomes in the Hail Region: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Omar W. Althomali, Daria Hussain Shaik, Raheela Kanwal, Junaid Amin, Tolgahan Acar, Ahmed Abdelmoniem Ibrahim, Hisham M. Hussein, Aisha Ansari, Ayman A. Alhammad, Mohammad Shahid Ali, Ahmed Alqunun and Wael Alghamdi

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(18), 5571; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185571 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has had a significant impact on life worldwide since its emergence in late 2019. The virus has caused a global pandemic, leading to widespread health, social, economic, and psychological effects. COVID-19 mainly affects the respiratory [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has had a significant impact on life worldwide since its emergence in late 2019. The virus has caused a global pandemic, leading to widespread health, social, economic, and psychological effects. COVID-19 mainly affects the respiratory system. This study aimed to compare the functional capacity and pulmonary function outcomes between COVID-19 patients and individuals who have not been infected in the Hail region. Methods: Individuals of both genders above 18 years old who had been infected with COVID-19 in the previous 6 months or had never been infected were eligible to participate. Local hospitals and social media apps were used to recruit willing participants. Heart rate, pulse oxygen saturation, blood pressure, pulmonary function test, hand grip strength, and functional tests (6 min walk test, 30 s sit-to-stand test, and timed up and go test) were measured and compared between the groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 25. Results: Forty individuals affected with COVID-19 and forty-one healthy individuals were recruited. Our results showed that in individuals affected with COVID-19, scores on the minute ventilation, 30 s sit-to-stand, and 6 min walk tests were significantly lower than among healthy individuals. Other outcomes did not show any statistical differences between the groups. Conclusion: This study contributes to a greater understanding of the functional capacity status of individuals with COVID-19. Patients affected by COVID-19 may develop an impaired lung capacity and a decreased function capacity. These factors may negatively affect physical and cognitive health status. Future studies should evaluate the benefits of interventions with rehabilitation exercises following COVID-19. In light of the functional capacity and pulmonary function decline in individuals affected by COVID-19, interventions encompassing pulmonary and functional rehabilitation exercises are recommended to improve physical fitness and pulmonary function post-COVID-19. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long COVID: Current Approaches and Clinical Challenges in Treatment and Rehabilitation—2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 6320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fluidal Peperites Recorded in the Cretaceous Lacustrine Sediments in the Southern Korean Peninsula: Syn-Magmatic Sediment Fluidization and Its Influence on the Peperite Formation

by Min-Cheol Kim and Yong Sik Gihm

Minerals 2024, 14(9), 951; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090951 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

This study assessed the influence of sediment and water redistribution in host sediments on peperite formation by examining the peperites at the boundary between Cretaceous lacustrine sedimentary successions and intruding dikes (D1 and D2). The peperite zones occur along the dike margins and [...] Read more.

This study assessed the influence of sediment and water redistribution in host sediments on peperite formation by examining the peperites at the boundary between Cretaceous lacustrine sedimentary successions and intruding dikes (D1 and D2). The peperite zones occur along the dike margins and consist of fluidal juvenile fragments, classified as Type A and Type B perperite zones based on lateral extent of the peperite zones. Type A peperite zone, the dominant type, exhibites a narrow distribution (<20 cm), whereas Type B peperite zone sporadically occurs along D1 with a wider width (<1 m). Type B peperite zone is laterally linked with clastic dikes. These dikes containi fluidal shaped dike fragments with jigsaw-fit textures, indicating syn-magmatic fluidization and the resultant formation of the clastic dike via heat transfer. During dike emplacement, the interaction between the host sediments and the intruding magma formed Type A along the margins. Simultaneously, the clastic dikes, composed of fluidized sediments and water, supplied additional water and sediments, enhancing magma-host sediment intermingling and leading to the wide lateral extent of Type B. Our findings demonstrate that sediment and water redistribution via syn-magmatic fluidization is crucial in peperite formation, influencing the initial processes of phreatomagmatic volcanism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sedimentary Basins: Sedimentation, Stratigraphy, Petrology and Tectonics)

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16 pages, 498 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet as a Protective Factor for Ischemic Stroke and Its Influence on Disability Level: A Case–Control Study in Lebanon

by Jad El Masri, Hani Finge, Tarek Baroud, Najla Ajaj, Mariam Houmani, Maya Ghazi, Mahmoud Younes, Pascale Salameh and Hassan Hosseini

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3179; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183179 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke. An important strategy in controlling hypertension is dietary modification. The present study evaluates the effect of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on the risk of ischemic stroke. Methods: A case–control study [...] Read more.

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke. An important strategy in controlling hypertension is dietary modification. The present study evaluates the effect of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on the risk of ischemic stroke. Methods: A case–control study was carried out, including 214 ischemic stroke cases recruited within the first 48 h of diagnosis and 214 controls, divided equally into hospitalized and non-hospitalized participants. Controls were matched to cases based on age and gender. Socio-demographic characteristics were assessed, in addition to adherence to the DASH diet, which was measured using a preconstructed DASH diet index (ranging from 0 (lowest) to 11 (highest)). For stroke patients, Modified Rankin Score (mRS) was measured to assess disability. Results: Smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and myocardial infarction were significantly associated with ischemic stroke (p < 0.001). Higher adherence to the DASH diet was correlated to lower rates of stroke, where cases scored 5.042 ± 1.486 compared to 6.654 ± 1.471 for controls (p < 0.001). Eating more grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, nuts, seeds, and beans, and lower levels of fat, fewer sweets, and less sodium were associated with lower rates of ischemic stroke (p = 0.038 for sweets and p < 0.001 for all the remaining), while meat, poultry, and fish did not have any significant effect (p = 0.46). A multivariate analysis showed that lower adherence to the DASH diet (p < 0.001, OR: 0.526, CI95% 0.428–0.645) was associated with a higher incidence of ischemic stroke and an increased likelihood of having high disability levels (mRS 5–6) (p = 0.041, OR: 2.49 × 10⁻⁸, CI95% 0–2.49 × 10⁻⁸). Conclusions: The relation between the DASH diet and risk of stroke highlights the necessity for strict adherence to dietary restrictions, suggesting a protective role for the DASH diet in stroke pathogenesis and prognosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)

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7 pages, 2490 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Novel Nipple Reinnervation Technique Using N. Suralis Graft

by Jānis Lapiņš, Beatriz Soares Domingues Polita, Linda Kalniņa, Michal Grucki, Dzintars Ozols, Ansis Ģīlis, Arvīds Irmejs, Jānis Gardovskis and Jeļena Maksimenko

Medicina 2024, 60(9), 1533; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60091533 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

Following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM), patients commonly experience significant impairment or total loss of nipple sensitivity, which negatively impacts the patients’ quality of life, whereas patients who retain nipple sensation postoperatively experience enhanced physical, psychosocial, and sexual well-being. Reinnervation techniques such as nerve allografting [...] Read more.

Following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM), patients commonly experience significant impairment or total loss of nipple sensitivity, which negatively impacts the patients’ quality of life, whereas patients who retain nipple sensation postoperatively experience enhanced physical, psychosocial, and sexual well-being. Reinnervation techniques such as nerve allografting have been utilized to retain sensation. Despite the benefits of nerve allografts, such as lack of donor site morbidity, ease of use, and potentially shorter surgery time, there are shortcomings, such as the cost of commercially available acellular nerve allografts, and, most importantly, decreased sensory and motor function recovery for acellular nerve allografts with a diameter greater than 3 mm or a length greater than 50 mm. We present a technique where we performed immediate implant-based breast reconstruction combined with nipple–areola complex reinnervation using an autologous nerve graft. Following the procedure, the patient had improved sensory outcomes in the reconstructed breast and good quality-of-life indices. This report highlights the potential for sural nerve autografts in restoring breast sensation following mastectomy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Surgery)

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11 pages, 268 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Ultrasonography in Stratifying Malignancy Risk for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules as per TBSRTC 20

by Sofia Guerreiro, Mariana Mourão, Isabel Loureiro, Rosário Eusébio, Sule Canberk and Hugo Pinto Marques

Endocrines 2024, 5(3), 454-464; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines5030033 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Thyroid nodules are extremely common and require complex management to prevent unnecessary surgical intervention and ensure that no malignant disease is overlooked. Several diagnostic tools and scoring systems are available to evaluate the risk of malignancy (ROM). The goal is to assess [...] Read more.

Introduction: Thyroid nodules are extremely common and require complex management to prevent unnecessary surgical intervention and ensure that no malignant disease is overlooked. Several diagnostic tools and scoring systems are available to evaluate the risk of malignancy (ROM). The goal is to assess variables that can aid and support the clinical recommendations suggested by the updated Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC-2023), such as the ultrasonographic features of thyroid nodules, particularly for the indeterminate categories III (atypia of undetermined significance) and IV (follicular neoplasm). Methods: We retrospectively analysed the correlation of the demographic and ultrasonographic characteristics of thyroid nodules with the cytopathological and histopathological diagnoses of TBSRTC categories III (atypia of undetermined significance), IV (follicular neoplasm), V (suspicious for malignancy), and VI (malignant) in patients who underwent surgery in a single Portuguese centre over a 10-year period. Results: In total, 360 nodules were evaluated in 341 patients, and 57% were histopathologically malignant or borderline. The majority were included in the TBSRTC indeterminate categories III and IV, with ROMs of 44% and 43%, respectively. The ultrasonographic characteristics associated with a higher TBSRTC category and a greater ROM value were hypoechogenicity, the presence of microcalcifications, irregular margins, and the presence of cervical adenopathy. When correlating with a malignant histology, only adenopathy and the presence of microcalcifications were observed to be statistically significant. Discussion: The indeterminate categories of the TBSRTC have been the most challenging ones to manage. The new TBSRTC (2023) guidelines, as well as the ultrasonographic characteristics of a patient’s nodule, can be helpful in assessing the ROM and deciding on an appropriate course of treatment. Other resources, such as molecular tests, are also playing a more important role in the clinical decision process and may become crucial in the future. Conclusions: The worrisome ultrasound features that this study found to statistically correlate with a malignant histology were the presence of microcalcifications and adenopathy. The clinical management of thyroid nodules requires a careful analysis of clinical history and an evaluation of demographic details, personal and family history, ultrasonographic features, and the results of cytopathology, thyroid function, and molecular/genetic tests. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thyroid Endocrinology)

18 pages, 2917 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Elevated Cellular Uptake of Succinimide- and Glucose-Modified Liposomes for Blood–Brain Barrier Transfer and Glioblastoma Therapy

by Larissa J. Lubitz, Moritz P. Haffner, Harden Rieger and Gero Leneweit

Biomedicines 2024, 12(9), 2135; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12092135 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

The uptake of four liposomal formulations was tested with the murine endothelial cell line bEnd.3 and the human glioblastoma cell line U-87 MG. All formulations were composed of DPPC, cholesterol, 5 mol% of mPEG (2000 Da, conjugated to DSPE), and the dye DiD. [...] Read more.

The uptake of four liposomal formulations was tested with the murine endothelial cell line bEnd.3 and the human glioblastoma cell line U-87 MG. All formulations were composed of DPPC, cholesterol, 5 mol% of mPEG (2000 Da, conjugated to DSPE), and the dye DiD. Three of the formulations had an additional PEG chain (nominally 5000 Da, conjugated to DSPE) with either succinimide (NHS), glucose (PEG-bound at C-6), or 4-aminophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (bound at C-1) as ligands at the distal end. Measuring the uptake kinetics at 1 h and 3 h for liposomal incubation concentrations of 100 µM, 500 µM, and 1000 µM, we calculated the liposomal uptake saturation S and the saturation half-time t_1/2. We show that only succinimide has an elevated uptake in bEnd.3 cells, which makes it a very promising and so far largely unexplored candidate for BBB transfer and brain cancer therapies. Half-times are uniform at low concentrations but diversify for high concentrations for bEnd.3 cells. Contrary, U-87 MG cells show almost identical saturations for all three ligands, making a uniform uptake mechanism likely. Only mPEG liposomes stay at 60% of the saturation for ligand-coated liposomes. Half-times are diverse at low concentrations but unify at high concentrations for U-87 MG cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gliomas: Signaling Pathways, Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapies)

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16 pages, 570 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Religion, Discrimination, and the Nation-State—A History of Catholics and Burakumin in Nagasaki, Japan

by Akihiro Yamamoto

Religions 2024, 15(9), 1133; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15091133 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

This paper examines the socio-political history of the discrimination suffered by the group called Burakumin (部落民) in the city of Nagasaki in early modern and modern Japan (1600–present). More specifically, it looks into, first, the emergence and evolvement of hostility and antagonism between [...] Read more.

This paper examines the socio-political history of the discrimination suffered by the group called Burakumin (部落民) in the city of Nagasaki in early modern and modern Japan (1600–present). More specifically, it looks into, first, the emergence and evolvement of hostility and antagonism between Burakumin and Catholics in Nagasaki, and second, how discrimination against Burakumin became socially invisible in post-1945 Nagasaki when post-atomic bomb reconstruction transformed the urban landscape of Nagasaki and representations of the city came to be dominated by the Catholic imagery of prayer. The paper argues that, on the one hand, the modern nation-state, established on the principles of the freedom and equality of citizens, did not eradicate discrimination, but instead concealed it, resulting in discrimination continuing in changed forms, and on the other hand, Catholics in Nagasaki, while having themselves suffered political persecution in Japanese history, have been involved in practices of discrimination against the Burakumin. There is, however, not an innate relationship between religion and discrimination, but rather the relationship is historically contingent. Understanding its contingent nature requires us to address the historical conditions contributing to discrimination. By so doing, we can start imagining new ways to tackle and eliminate discrimination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Religion, Liberalism and the Nation in East Asia)

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15 pages, 2172 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of Peptide Profiles and the Hypoallergenic and High Antioxidant Activity of Whey Protein Hydrolysate Prepared Using Different Hydrolysis Modes

by Qiang Cui, Yuting Li, Tingli Li, Jie Yu, Guanghui Shen, Xiaomeng Sun, Man Zhou and Zhiqing Zhang

Foods 2024, 13(18), 2978; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13182978 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

Food proteins and peptides are generally considered a source of dietary antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity, allergenicity, and peptide profiles of whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) using different hydrolysis methods. The results demonstrated that the degrees of [...] Read more.

Food proteins and peptides are generally considered a source of dietary antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity, allergenicity, and peptide profiles of whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) using different hydrolysis methods. The results demonstrated that the degrees of hydrolysis of the hydrolysates with one-step (O-AD) and two-step (T-AD) methods reached 16.25% and 17.64%, respectively. The size exclusion chromatography results showed that the O-AD had a higher content of >5 and <0.3 kDa, and the distribution of peptide profiles for the two hydrolysates was significantly different. Furthermore, 5 bioactive peptides and 15 allergenic peptides were identified using peptidomics. The peptide profiles and the composition of the master proteins of the O-AD and T-AD were different. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities of WPHs were measured, and hydrolysates were found to exhibit a strong radical scavenging ability after being treated using different hydrolysis methods. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the sensitization of WPHs was significantly reduced. This study may provide useful information regarding the antioxidant properties and allergenicity of WPHs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Processing and Quality Assurance of Milk and Milk Products)

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21 pages, 6862 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Self-Learning Control Method of Reusable Launch Vehicle Based on Neural Network Architecture Search

by Shuai Xue, Zhaolei Wang, Hongyang Bai, Chunmei Yu and Zian Li

Aerospace 2024, 11(9), 774; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11090774 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

Reusable launch vehicles need to face complex and diverse environments during flight. The design of rocket recovery control law based on traditional deep reinforcement learning (DRL) makes it difficult to obtain a set of network architectures that can adapt to multiple scenarios and [...] Read more.

Reusable launch vehicles need to face complex and diverse environments during flight. The design of rocket recovery control law based on traditional deep reinforcement learning (DRL) makes it difficult to obtain a set of network architectures that can adapt to multiple scenarios and multi-parameter uncertainties, and the performance of deep reinforcement learning algorithm depends on manual trial and error of hyperparameters. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a self-learning control method for launch vehicle recovery based on neural architecture search (NAS), which decouples deep network structure search and reinforcement learning hyperparameter optimization. First, using network architecture search technology based on a multi-objective hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm, the proximal policy optimization algorithm of deep network architecture is automatically designed, and the search space is lightweight design in the process. Secondly, in order to further improve the landing accuracy of the launch vehicle, the Bayesian optimization (BO) method is used to automatically optimize the hyperparameters of reinforcement learning, and the control law of the landing phase in the recovery process of the launch vehicle is obtained through training. Finally, the algorithm is transplanted to the rocket intelligent learning embedded platform for comparative testing to verify its online deployment capability. The simulation results show that the proposed method can satisfy the landing accuracy of the launch vehicle recovery mission, and the control effect is basically the same as the landing accuracy of the trained rocket model under the untrained condition of model parameter deviation and wind field interference, which verifies the generalization of the proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced GNC Solutions for VTOL Systems)

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11 pages, 2022 KiB

Open AccessReview

Value of 11C-Methionine PET Imaging in High-Grade Gliomas: A Narrative Review

by Zsanett Debreczeni-Máté, Omar Freihat, Imre Törő, Mihály Simon, Árpád Kovács and David Sipos

Cancers 2024, 16(18), 3200; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16183200 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

11C-Methionine (MET) is a widely utilized amino acid tracer in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of primary brain tumors. 11C-MET PET offers valuable insights for tumor classification, facilitates treatment planning, and aids in monitoring therapeutic response. Its tracer properties allow better delineation of [...] Read more.

11C-Methionine (MET) is a widely utilized amino acid tracer in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of primary brain tumors. 11C-MET PET offers valuable insights for tumor classification, facilitates treatment planning, and aids in monitoring therapeutic response. Its tracer properties allow better delineation of the active tumor volume, even in regions that show no contrast enhancement on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This review focuses on the role of MET-PET in brain glioma imaging. The introduction provides a brief clinical overview of the problems of high-grade and recurrent gliomas. It discusses glioma management, radiotherapy planning, and the difficulties of imaging after chemoradiotherapy (pseudoprogression or radionecrosis). The mechanism of MET-PET is described. Additionally, the review encompasses the application of MET-PET in the context of primary gliomas, addressing its diagnostic precision, utility in tumor classification, prognostic value, and role in guiding biopsy procedures and radiotherapy planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Trends in PET/CT Tracer Development and Multimodal Imaging)

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12 pages, 2071 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Side-Release Method Measures the High-Pressure Sound Velocity of Iron Using Line-Spatially Resolved DISAR

by Long Chen, Cangli Liu, Longhuang Tang, Heli Ma, Xing Jia, Tianjiong Tao, Shenggang Liu, Yongchao Chen, Xiang Wang, Jian Wu, Chengjun Li, Dameng Liu, Jidong Weng and Huan Liu

Micromachines 2024, 15(9), 1165; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091165 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

The study of high-pressure sound velocity is an important part of shock wave physics, and the study of ultra-high pressure sound velocity of iron is of great significance to many research fields such as geophysics, solid state physics, and crystallography. At present, the [...] Read more.

The study of high-pressure sound velocity is an important part of shock wave physics, and the study of ultra-high pressure sound velocity of iron is of great significance to many research fields such as geophysics, solid state physics, and crystallography. At present, the measurement of sound velocity is usually carried out by the catch-up sparse wave method and windowed VISAR technology, which is complex in structure and not highly adaptable. In particular, for the ultra-high pressure sonic velocity measurement of metals, it is limited by the loading platform and window materials and cannot realize the high temperature and high-pressure environment of the earth’s inner core. In this paper, the sound velocity measurement of iron under high temperature and high-pressure environment (78 GPa) is realized based on the two-stage light gas cannon experimental platform. The side-side sparse wave method was used to establish a coupling model of high-spatially resolved optical group and fiber bundle. A multiplexed all-fiber laser interferometry velocity measurement system (DISAR) was built, and the spatial resolution was better than 20 μm. In this paper, we will provide a feasible route for a method for measuring the high spatiotemporal resolution velocity. Full article

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15 pages, 2801 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Protective Role of Vitamin E against ROS-Driven Lipid Oxidation in Model Cell Membranes

by Dilara Kilicarslan You, Ahmed Fuwad, Ki Hyok Lee, Hyung Kyo Kim, Lifeng Kang, Sun Min Kim and Tae-Joon Jeon

Antioxidants 2024, 13(9), 1135; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091135 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive oxygen-containing compounds generated by various factors in the body. Antioxidants mitigate the damaging effects of ROS by playing a critical role in regulating redox balance and signaling. In this study, the interplay between reactive oxygen species [...] Read more.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive oxygen-containing compounds generated by various factors in the body. Antioxidants mitigate the damaging effects of ROS by playing a critical role in regulating redox balance and signaling. In this study, the interplay between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in the context of lipid dynamics were investigated. The interaction between hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as an ROS and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) as an antioxidant was examined. Model membranes containing both saturated and unsaturated lipids served as experimental platforms to investigate the influence of H₂O₂ on phospholipid unsaturation and the role of antioxidants in this process. The results demonstrated that H₂O₂ has a negative effect on membrane stability and disrupts the lipid membrane structure, whereas the presence of antioxidants protects the lipid membrane from the detrimental effects of ROS. The model membranes used here are a useful tool for understanding ROS–antioxidant interactions at the molecular level in vitro. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section ROS, RNS and RSS)

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16 pages, 3306 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving Urban Cyclability and Perceived Bikeability: A Decision Support System for the City of Milan, Italy

by Fulvio Silvestri, Seyed Hesam Babaei and Pierluigi Coppola

Sustainability 2024, 16(18), 8188; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188188 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a Decision Support System (DSS) designed to enhance cyclability and perceived bikeability in urban areas, with an application to the city of Milan, Italy, focusing on cycling toward the urban university campuses of Politecnico di Milano. Despite the increasing emphasis [...] Read more.

This paper presents a Decision Support System (DSS) designed to enhance cyclability and perceived bikeability in urban areas, with an application to the city of Milan, Italy, focusing on cycling toward the urban university campuses of Politecnico di Milano. Despite the increasing emphasis on sustainable urban mobility, research gaps remain in optimizing cycling infrastructure development based on both observable factors (e.g., availability and quality of cycleways) and latent factors (e.g., cyclists’ perceived safety and security). The objective of this study is to address these gaps by developing a DSS, based on a macroscopic multimodal transport simulation model, to facilitate an in-depth analysis and prioritization of cycling transport policies. Findings from the DSS simulations indicate that strategic enhancements to cycling infrastructure can shift user preferences toward safer and more dedicated cycling routes, despite potential increases in travel time and distance. This paper concludes that implementing a DSS not only supports more informed policymaking but also encourages sustainable urban development by improving the overall cycling experience in cities, highlighting the importance of addressing both tangible and intangible factors in the design and prioritization of cycling infrastructure projects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cycling towards Sustainable Transportation)

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25 pages, 5071 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Stage ANN Model for Optimizing the Configuration of External Lightning Protection and Grounding Systems

by Rohana Rohana, Surya Hardi, Nasaruddin Nasaruddin, Yuwaldi Away and Andri Novandri

Energies 2024, 17(18), 4673; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184673 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

This paper proposes an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model using a Multi-Stage method to optimize the configuration of an External Lightning Protection System (ELPS) and grounding system. ELPS is a system designed to protect an area from damage caused by lightning strikes. Meanwhile, [...] Read more.

This paper proposes an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model using a Multi-Stage method to optimize the configuration of an External Lightning Protection System (ELPS) and grounding system. ELPS is a system designed to protect an area from damage caused by lightning strikes. Meanwhile, the grounding system functions to direct excess electric current from lightning strikes into the ground. This study identifies the optimal protection system configuration, reducing the need for excessive components. The ELPS configuration includes the number of protection pole units and the height of the protection poles. In contrast, the grounding system configuration consists of the number of electrode units and the length of the electrodes. This study focuses on the protection system configuration at a Photovoltaic Power Station, where the area is highly vulnerable to lightning strikes. Several aspects need to be considered in determining the appropriate configuration, such as average thunderstorm days per year, ELPS efficiency, total area of photovoltaic module, area to be protected, soil resistivity, electrode spacing factor, and the total required electrode resistance. The proposed multi-stage ANN model consists of three processing stages, each responsible for handling a portion of the overall system tasks. The first stage is responsible for determining the protection pole configuration. In the second stage, the Lightning Protection Level (LPL) classification is performed. Then, in the third stage, the process of determining the grounding configuration is handled. The analysis results show that the Multi-Stage ANN model can effectively determine the configuration with a low error rate: MAE of 0.265, RMSE of 0.314, and MPE of 9.533%. This model can also explain data variation well, as indicated by the high

R^{2}

value of 0.961. The comparison results conducted with ATP/EMTP software show that the configuration produced by ANN results in fewer protection pole units but with greater height. Meanwhile, ANN produces a configuration with shorter electrode lengths but fewer units in the grounding system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Power System)

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15 pages, 264 KiB

Open AccessReview

Preventing and Controlling Healthcare-Associated Infections: The First Principle of Every Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in Hospital Settings

by Massimo Sartelli, Corrado P. Marini, John McNelis, Federico Coccolini, Caterina Rizzo, Francesco M. Labricciosa and Patrizio Petrone

Antibiotics 2024, 13(9), 896; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090896 (registering DOI) - 20 Sep 2024

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the main public health global burdens of the 21st century, responsible for over a million deaths every year. Hospital programs aimed at improving antibiotic use, referred to as antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs), can both optimize the treatment [...] Read more.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the main public health global burdens of the 21st century, responsible for over a million deaths every year. Hospital programs aimed at improving antibiotic use, referred to as antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs), can both optimize the treatment of infections and minimize adverse antibiotics events including the development and spread of AMR. The challenge of AMR is closely linked to the development and spread of healthcare-associated infection (HAIs). In fact, the management of patients with HAIs frequently requires the administration of broader-spectrum antibiotic regimens due to the higher risk of acquiring multidrug-resistant organisms, which, in turn, promotes resistance. For this reason, even before using antibiotics correctly, it is necessary to prevent and control the spread of HAIs in our hospitals. In this narrative review, we present seven measures that healthcare workers, even if not directly involved in the tasks of infection prevention and control, must know, support, and embrace. We hope that this review may raise awareness among all healthcare professionals about the issues with the increasing rate of AMR and the ongoing efforts towards minimizing its rise. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Successful Antimicrobial Stewardship Approaches to Address Nosocomial Infections)

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