Journal Description
Journal of Personalized Medicine
Journal of Personalized Medicine
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on personalized medicine, published monthly online by MDPI. The Inter-American Society for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (SICCMI), Korean Society of Brain Neuromodulation Therapy (KBNT) and American Board of Precision Medicine (ABOPM) are affiliated with JPM, and their members receive a discount on article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, PubMed, PMC, Embase, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: CiteScore - Q1 (Medicine (miscellaneous))
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 21.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2025).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Latest Articles
New Insights into Personalized Surgical Oncology
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 295; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070295 (registering DOI) - 8 Jul 2025
Abstract
The trajectory of surgical oncology has evolved dramatically during recent years, transitioning from widely applied treatment protocols to highly individualized therapeutic strategies according to each tumor’s specific characteristics [...]
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Personalized Surgical Oncology)
Open AccessOpinion
Clinician Experiences at the Frontier of Pharmacogenomics and Future Directions
by
Stefan Thottunkal, Claire Spahn, Benjamin Wang, Nidhi Rohatgi, Jison Hong, Abha Khandelwal and Latha Palaniappan
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070294 - 7 Jul 2025
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) has emerged as a powerful tool to personalize drug selection and dosing based on a patient’s genetic profile. However, there are a range of challenges that impede uptake in current clinical practice. For example, clinicians often express frustration with commercially available
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Pharmacogenomics (PGx) has emerged as a powerful tool to personalize drug selection and dosing based on a patient’s genetic profile. However, there are a range of challenges that impede uptake in current clinical practice. For example, clinicians often express frustration with commercially available PGx panel tests, which fail to consistently include all key actionable PGx genes (according to the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) PGx guidelines, or The Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) guidelines) and instead are too long with clinically unimportant information (unvalidated genotypes). Additionally, the lack of EMR integration, clinician education and awareness of the benefits of PGx impedes uptake. This paper examines key challenges identified in clinical practice and proposes future directions, focusing on limiting PGx reports to essential data, providing point-of-prescription alerts, and establishing reimbursement pathways that encourage adoption. Future directions include leveraging large language models, integrating point-of-prescription alerts and phenoconversion calculators into the electronic medical record, increasing the genomic diversity of PGx study populations, and streamlining coverage by payers.
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(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacogenetics)
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Open AccessReview
Microvascularization of the Vocal Folds: Molecular Architecture, Functional Insights, and Personalized Research Perspectives
by
Roxana-Andreea Popa, Cosmin-Gabriel Popa, Delia Hînganu and Marius Valeriu Hînganu
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070293 - 7 Jul 2025
Abstract
Introduction: The vascular architecture of the vocal folds plays a critical role in sustaining the dynamic demands of phonation. Disruptions in this microvascular system are linked to various pathological conditions, including Reinke’s edema, hemorrhage, and laryngeal carcinoma. This review explores the structural
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Introduction: The vascular architecture of the vocal folds plays a critical role in sustaining the dynamic demands of phonation. Disruptions in this microvascular system are linked to various pathological conditions, including Reinke’s edema, hemorrhage, and laryngeal carcinoma. This review explores the structural and functional components of vocal fold microvascularization, with emphasis on pericytes, endothelial interactions, and neurovascular regulation. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Keywords included “pericytes”, “Reinke’s edema”, and “vocal fold microvascularization”. Selected studies were peer-reviewed and met criteria for methodological quality and relevance to laryngeal microvascular physiology and pathology. Results: The vocal fold vasculature is organized in a parallel, tree-like pattern with distinct arterioles, capillaries, and venules. Capillaries dominate the superficial lamina propria, while transitional vessels connect to deeper arterioles surrounded by smooth muscle. Pericytes, present from birth, form tight associations with endothelial cells and contribute to capillary stability, vessel remodeling, and mechanical protection during vibration. Their thick cytoplasmic processes suggest a unique adaptation to the biomechanical stress of phonation. Arteriovenous anastomoses regulate perfusion by shunting blood according to functional demand. Furthermore, neurovascular control is mediated by noradrenergic fibers and neuropeptides such as VIP and CGRP, modulating vascular tone and glandular secretion. The limited lymphatic presence in the vocal fold mucosa contributes to edema accumulation while also restricting carcinoma spread, offering both therapeutic challenges and advantages. Conclusions: A deeper understanding of vocal fold microvascularization enhances clinical approaches to voice disorders and laryngeal disease, offering new perspectives for targeted therapies and regenerative strategies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment in Otorhinolaryngology)
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Open AccessArticle
Comparing the Impact of DOACs and Warfarin on Below-the-Knee Autologous Vein Bypass Patency in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study with 2-Year Follow-Up
by
Francisca Frias and Günay Kalender
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 292; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070292 - 7 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects over 200 million individuals globally, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. For patients with complex lesions of the superficial femoral artery requiring revascularization, autologous vein bypass surgery remains a viable treatment option. Postoperative anticoagulation is critical for
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Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects over 200 million individuals globally, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. For patients with complex lesions of the superficial femoral artery requiring revascularization, autologous vein bypass surgery remains a viable treatment option. Postoperative anticoagulation is critical for maintaining graft patency, but the optimal choice between direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and warfarin remains uncertain. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the patency of below-the-knee autologous vein bypasses in PAD patients receiving either DOACs or warfarin over a two-year period. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Berlin, Germany, including patients who underwent femoropopliteal or femorocrural bypass surgery between 2017 and 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on postoperative anticoagulation therapy: DOACs or warfarin. The primary outcome was graft patency at 24 months. Results: Out of 192 patients, after applying exclusion criteria, 36 were analyzed. The mean bypass patency was longer in the warfarin group (18.3 months) compared to the DOAC group (14.3 months). However, the log-rank test p-value (0.524) suggests that this difference is not statistically significant. Given the log-rank test’s limitations in accounting for confounders, a multivariable Cox regression was performed, including age, sex, comorbidities, bypass type and antiplatelet use. The model (Omnibus p = 0.93) showed no statistically significant effect for any variable. Conclusions: DOACs appear to be a viable alternative to warfarin in maintaining graft patency in below-the-knee autologous vein bypasses for PAD patients. The lack of a need for regular INR monitoring with DOACs may offer a practical advantage in clinical settings.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Personalized Medicine for Cardiac Surgery: Clinical Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis)
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Open AccessArticle
Resting-State EEG Alpha Asymmetry as a Potential Marker of Clinical Features in Parkinson’s Disease
by
Thalita Frigo da Rocha, Valton Costa, Lucas Camargo, Elayne Borges Fernandes and Anna Carolyna Gianlorenço
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070291 - 4 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background: Asymmetrical brain oscillations may be characteristic of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We investigated differences in oscillation asymmetry between individuals with PD and healthy controls and explored associations between the asymmetry and clinical features. Methods: Clinical and resting-state EEG data from 37
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Background: Asymmetrical brain oscillations may be characteristic of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We investigated differences in oscillation asymmetry between individuals with PD and healthy controls and explored associations between the asymmetry and clinical features. Methods: Clinical and resting-state EEG data from 37 patients and 24 controls were cross-sectionally analyzed. EEG asymmetry indices were calculated for the delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequencies in the frontal, central, and parietal regions. Independent t-tests and linear regression models were employed. Results: Patients exhibited lower alpha asymmetry than controls in the parietal region (t(59) = 2.12, p = 0.03). In the frontal alpha asymmetry models, there were associations with time since diagnosis (β = −0.042) and attention/orientation (β = 0.061), and with Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRSIII)-posture (β = 0.136) and MDS-UPDRSIII-rest-tremor persistence (β = −0.111). In the central alpha model, higher asymmetry was associated with the physical activity levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) IPAQ-active (β = 0.646) and IPAQ-very active (β = 0.689), (Timed Up and Go) TUG dual-task cost (β = 0.023), MDS-UPDRSII-freezing (β = 0.238), and being male (β = 0.535). In the parietal alpha asymmetry model, MDS-UPDRSII-gait/balance was inversely associated with alpha asymmetry (β = −0.156), while IPAQ-active (β = −0.247) and being male (β = −0.191) were associated with lower asymmetry. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the potential role of alpha asymmetry as a neurophysiological marker of PD’s motor symptoms, mainly rest tremor, gait/balance, freezing, and specific cognitive domains such as attention/orientation. The models stressed the relationship between disease progression and reduced alpha asymmetry. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-7zjgnrx, 9 June 2022).
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(This article belongs to the Section Disease Biomarker)
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Open AccessReview
Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Postpartum Depression
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Ioanna Apostolidou, Marios Baloukas and Ioannis Tsamesidis
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 290; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070290 - 4 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects approximately 10–20% of women during and after pregnancy, posing significant risks to maternal health, infant development, and family dynamics. Identifying modifiable risk factors is essential for prevention. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D, a neuroactive steroid hormone involved
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Background/Objectives: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects approximately 10–20% of women during and after pregnancy, posing significant risks to maternal health, infant development, and family dynamics. Identifying modifiable risk factors is essential for prevention. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D, a neuroactive steroid hormone involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, neuroinflammation regulation, and calcium homeostasis, may play a protective role against mood disorders, including PPD. Methods: The search was conducted through a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using a combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and free-text terms including “vitamin D”, “25-hydroxyvitamin D”, “deficiency”, “pregnancy”, “postpartum”, “depression”, “antenatal depression”, “maternal mental health”, and “perinatal mood disorders”. Results: Numerous observational studies and systematic review reports around the world reinforce the potential global relevance of vitamin D insufficiency. This study advances personalized and precision medicine approaches by emphasizing the importance of individualized screening for vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and postpartum, enabling tailored interventions that could mitigate the risk of postpartum depression. Conclusions: In conclusion, while a definitive causal relationship between vitamin D deficiency and perinatal depression remains unproven, screening for vitamin D levels during pregnancy could serve as a low-risk intervention to support maternal mental health. Future research should focus on well designed, large-scale randomized trials and standardization of diagnostic criteria to clarify vitamin D’s role in preventing perinatal depression. Recognizing vitamin D status as a modifiable biomarker allows for targeted nutritional and pharmacological strategies to optimize maternal mental health.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Therapies for Women)
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Open AccessArticle
Accuracy of Lower Extremity Alignment Correction Using Patient-Specific Cutting Guides and Anatomically Contoured Plates
by
Julia Matthias, S Robert Rozbruch, Austin T. Fragomen, Anil S. Ranawat and Taylor J. Reif
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 289; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070289 - 4 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Limb malalignment disrupts physiological joint forces and predisposes individuals to the development of osteoarthritis. Surgical interventions such as distal femur or high tibial osteotomy aim to restore mechanical balance on weight-bearing joints, thereby reducing long-term morbidity. Accurate alignment is crucial since
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Background/Objectives: Limb malalignment disrupts physiological joint forces and predisposes individuals to the development of osteoarthritis. Surgical interventions such as distal femur or high tibial osteotomy aim to restore mechanical balance on weight-bearing joints, thereby reducing long-term morbidity. Accurate alignment is crucial since it cannot be adjusted after stabilization with plates and screws. Recent advances in personalized medicine offer the opportunity to tailor surgical corrections to each patient’s unique anatomy and biomechanical profile. This study evaluates the benefits of 3D planning and patient-specific cutting guides over traditional 2D planning with standard implants for alignment correction procedures. Methods: We assessed limb alignment parameters pre- and postoperatively in patients with varus and valgus lower limb malalignment undergoing acute realignment surgery. The cohort included 23 opening-wedge high tibial osteotomies and 28 opening-wedge distal femur osteotomies. We compared the accuracy of postoperative alignment parameters between patients undergoing traditional 2D preoperative X-ray planning and those using 3D reconstructions of CT data. Outcome measures included mechanical axis deviation and tibiofemoral angles. Results: 3D reconstructions of computerized tomography data and patient-specific cutting guides significantly reduced the variation in postoperative limb alignment parameters relative to preoperative goals. In contrast, traditional 2D planning with standard non-custom implants resulted in higher deviations from the targeted alignment. Conclusions: Utilizing 3D CT reconstructions and patient-specific cutting guides enhances the accuracy of postoperative limb realignment compared to traditional 2D X-ray planning with standard non-custom implants. Patient-specific instrumentation and personalized approaches represent a key step toward precision orthopedic surgery, tailoring correction strategies to individual patient anatomy and potentially improving long-term joint health. This improvement may reduce the morbidity associated with lower limb malalignment and delay the onset of osteoarthritis. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthopedic Diseases: Advances in Limb Reconstruction)
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Open AccessBrief Report
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations to Personalize Nasal Irrigations
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Thomas Radulesco, Dario Ebode, Ralph Haddad, Jerome R. Lechien, Lionel Meister, Stephane Gargula and Justin Michel
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070288 - 3 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Proper nasal irrigation techniques are essential for treating nasal and sinus conditions, influencing drug delivery efficiency and patient comfort. This study evaluates how different head positions—upright, right-tilted, and left-tilted—affect the distribution of saline solution in the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus
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Background/Objectives: Proper nasal irrigation techniques are essential for treating nasal and sinus conditions, influencing drug delivery efficiency and patient comfort. This study evaluates how different head positions—upright, right-tilted, and left-tilted—affect the distribution of saline solution in the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Methods: CFD simulations were conducted on a CT-based model of a healthy adult. A 4 mL saline solution was administered into the right nostril over three seconds. Fluid distribution and percentage of nasal mucosa coverage was analyzed in the inferior, middle, and superior thirds of the nasal cavity and the right maxillary sinus. Results: In the upright position, fluid primarily accumulated in the inferior (0.075 mL) and middle (0.015 mL) nasal regions, with minimal sinus penetration (0.002 mL). Right-tilting improved maxillary sinus coverage (0.028 mL) and increased irrigation of the inferior region (0.086 mL), while left-tilting enhanced central nasal coverage with only slight sinus penetration improvement. Irrigation patterns exhibited a rapid initial wetting phase followed by a slower, steady increase. Conclusions: Head position significantly influences the distribution achieved by nasal irrigation. These findings can guide clinical recommendations for specific conditions or postoperative care.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery: Updates and Challenges)
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Open AccessArticle
The Association Between Psychosocial Stress and Perinatal Maternal Depressive Symptoms: A Case–Control Study in a Regional Medical Center in Hungary
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Anita Sisák, Evelin Polanek, Regina Molnár, Andrea Szabó, Ferenc Rárosi, Armita Hosseini, Gábor Németh, Hajnalka Orvos and Edit Paulik
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070287 - 3 Jul 2025
Abstract
Perinatal depression is one of the most common mental illnesses in women. The aim of this study was to assess the association of life stressors, perceived stress, obstetric and neonatal complications, and depressive symptoms in the early postpartum period and to compare these
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Perinatal depression is one of the most common mental illnesses in women. The aim of this study was to assess the association of life stressors, perceived stress, obstetric and neonatal complications, and depressive symptoms in the early postpartum period and to compare these variables in two groups of women (preterm and term deliveries). Methods: A case–control study was conducted among 300 women who gave birth in 2019 at the University of Szeged. Cases included women with preterm deliveries (<37 weeks, n = 100), and the controls included women with term deliveries (≥37 weeks, n = 200). Data were collected during postpartum hospital stays through a self-administered questionnaire (containing validated questionnaires: the Holmes–Rahe Life Stress Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)) and the medical records of women and newborns. A descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression were used to identify predictors of high EPDS scores (≥10). Results: Perceived stress levels were significantly higher among cases than controls (p < 0.001). Higher perceived stress was associated with a higher risk of depression in cases (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.17–1.48, p < 0.001) and controls (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21–1.45, p < 0.001), too. Newborn complications were associated with an increased perinatal depression risk in the controls (OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.05–5.91; p = 0.039) but not in the cases (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 0.79–9.85; p = 0.111). It is supposed that premature birth was stressful itself, and women with preterm babies were less sensitive to any complications occurring in their newborns compared to women with term newborns. Neither maternal age, education, nor obstetric complications predicted depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the impact of maternal perceived stress and newborns’ health status on the risk of developing depression during the early postpartum period. These results emphasize the need for ongoing screening and follow-up measures, especially for women with higher EPDS scores.
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(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology)
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Open AccessArticle
Cardiac Autonomic Measures Predict Clinician-Rated Anxiety and Behavioral Response to Propranolol in Autistic Children and Young Adults
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Carrina Appling, Nanan Nuraini, Ryan Holem, Samantha Hunter, Kathy Hirst, Nicole Takahashi, Micah O. Mazurek, Stephen M. Kanne, Bradley Ferguson and David Q. Beversdorf
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070286 - 3 Jul 2025
Abstract
Propranolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist, has shown potential for improving anxiety in autistic individuals. Heart rate variability (HRV), a noninvasive cardiac marker of autonomic nervous system functioning, may help identify individuals most likely to benefit from propranolol. Objectives: Determine if baseline resting
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Propranolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist, has shown potential for improving anxiety in autistic individuals. Heart rate variability (HRV), a noninvasive cardiac marker of autonomic nervous system functioning, may help identify individuals most likely to benefit from propranolol. Objectives: Determine if baseline resting HRV and other cardiac measures predict the response to propranolol for anxiety and core autism symptomology in autistic children and young adults. Methods: Sixty-two autistic individuals (ages 7–24) participated in a two-phase (i.e., a 12-week randomized controlled trial and a 12-week open-label extension) trial of propranolol. Baseline (i.e., resting state, prior to treatment) HRV and other cardiac measures were obtained from an electrocardiogram. Clinical global impression for anxiety symptoms and overall behavioral treatment impact were assessed after the 12-week trial period. Group-level (i.e., all participants) and responder groups (i.e., strong, minimal, and non-responders to propranolol) were analyzed for treatment effects. Results: HRV variables predicted group-level anxiety response to propranolol, particularly for strong responders. Also, lower baseline values of parasympathetic HRV indices were significantly correlated with greater behavioral improvement after treatment with propranolol. Last, several baseline cardiac variables were associated with improvement in multiple behavioral domains after treatment with propranolol. Conclusions: HRV may be a potential biomarker for predicting reduced anxiety and behavioral symptoms in response to propranolol in autistic children and young adults. Identifying autonomic profiles associated with positive treatment outcomes could guide future personalized interventions in autism. The results presented herein should be regarded as preliminary until the findings are replicated in future clinical trials.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine for Autism Spectrum Disorder)
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Open AccessArticle
Shoulder and Scapular Function Before and After a Scapular Therapeutic Exercise Program for Chronic Shoulder Pain and Scapular Dyskinesis: A Pre–Post Single-Group Study
by
Ana S. C. Melo, Ana L. Soares, Catarina Castro, Ricardo Matias, Eduardo B. Cruz, J. Paulo Vilas-Boas and Andreia S. P. Sousa
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070285 - 2 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Scapular adaptations have been associated with shoulder pain. However, conflicting findings have been reported after scapular-focused interventions. The present study aims to evaluate scapula-related outcomes before and after a scapular therapeutic exercise program. Methods: Eighteen adult volunteers with chronic shoulder
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Background/Objectives: Scapular adaptations have been associated with shoulder pain. However, conflicting findings have been reported after scapular-focused interventions. The present study aims to evaluate scapula-related outcomes before and after a scapular therapeutic exercise program. Methods: Eighteen adult volunteers with chronic shoulder pain participated in an 8-week scapular therapeutic exercise program that was personalized according to their pain condition and the presence of scapular dyskinesis. This program included preparation and warm-up, scapular neuromotor control, and strengthening and stretching exercises. Both self-reported (shoulder pain and function, psychosocial factors, and self-impression of change) and performance-based outcomes (scapular muscular stiffness and activity level, tridimensional motion, rhythm, and movement quality, measured while participants drank a bottle of water) were used for analysis. Results: After the intervention, participants presented reduced shoulder pain (p < 0.0001) and pain catastrophizing (p = 0.004) and increased shoulder function (p < 0.0001). Additionally, the participants presented changes in scapular winging (p < 0.0001 to p = 0.043), increased scapular downward rotation (p < 0.0001) and depression (p = 0.038), and decreased global movement smoothness (p = 0.003). These were associated with changes in serratus anterior activity (p = 0.016 to p = 0.035), decreased middle (p < 0.0001 to p = 0.002) and lower trapezius (p < 0.0001) and levator scapulae (p = 0.048) activity levels, and decreased middle trapezius muscle stiffness (p = 0.014). Patients’ self-perception of change was rated favorably. Conclusions: After a scapular therapeutic exercise program, changes were observed in both self-reported and performance-based outcomes. These results need to be confirmed by a randomized controlled trial.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Pediatrics, Adolescents and the Elderly)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Prostate MRI Using Deep Learning Reconstruction in Response to Cancer Screening Demands—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Stephan Ursprung, Georgios Agrotis, Petra J. van Houdt, Leon C. ter Beek, Thierry N. Boellaard, Regina G. H. Beets-Tan, Derya Yakar, Anwar R. Padhani and Ivo G. Schoots
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070284 - 2 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: There is a growing need for efficient prostate MRI protocols due to their increasing use in managing prostate cancer (PCa) and potential inclusion in screening. Deep learning reconstruction (DLR) may enhance MR acquisitions and improve image quality compared to conventional acceleration
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Background/Objectives: There is a growing need for efficient prostate MRI protocols due to their increasing use in managing prostate cancer (PCa) and potential inclusion in screening. Deep learning reconstruction (DLR) may enhance MR acquisitions and improve image quality compared to conventional acceleration techniques. This systematic review examines DLR approaches to prostate MRI. Methods: A search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified eligible studies comparing DLR to conventional reconstruction for prostate imaging. A narrative synthesis was performed to summarize the impact of DLR on acquisition time, image quality, and diagnostic performance. Results: Thirty-three studies showed that DLR can reduce acquisition times for T2w and DWI imaging while maintaining or improving image quality. It did not significantly affect clinical tasks, such as biopsy decisions, and performed comparably to human readers in PI-RADS scoring and the detection of extraprostatic extension. However, AI models trained on conventional data might be less accurate with DLR images. The heterogeneity in image quality metrics among the studies prevented quantitative synthesis. Discussion: DLR has the potential to achieve substantial time savings in prostate MRI while maintaining image quality, which is especially relevant because of increased MRI demands. Future research should address the effect of DLR on clinically relevant downstream tasks, including AI algorithms’ performances and biopsy decisions, and explore task-specific accelerated protocols for screening, image-guided biopsy, and treatment.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: Population-Based Early Detection, Risk Stratification and Imaging)
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Open AccessReview
How to Establish the Baseline for Non-Invasive Technological Regenerative Esthetic Medicine in the Face and Neck Region: A Literature Review
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Ornella Rossi, Giovanna Perrotti, Riccardo Scaini, Massimo Del Fabbro, Giovanni Damiani and Tiziano Testori
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070283 - 2 Jul 2025
Abstract
(1) Background: Esthetic regenerative medicine is increasingly in demand for facial and neck rejuvenation due to its proven efficacy, safety profile, and minimal downtime. This study aimed to evaluate the role of standardized assessment tools in optimizing the outcomes of non-invasive regenerative
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(1) Background: Esthetic regenerative medicine is increasingly in demand for facial and neck rejuvenation due to its proven efficacy, safety profile, and minimal downtime. This study aimed to evaluate the role of standardized assessment tools in optimizing the outcomes of non-invasive regenerative esthetic technologies, both during the treatment course and in follow-up. (2) Methods: A literature review of the main articles published in peer-reviewed journals was conducted to identify high-quality studies addressing the use of validated esthetic scales and questionnaires (patient-reported outcomes) for evaluating the effectiveness of non-invasive regenerative treatments for the face and neck using accessible clinical tools such as photographs and 3D facial scanning. (3) Results: Clinician-reported outcomes (CROs) can be collected using standardized and reproducible photographic documentation and facial scans. The esthetic scales and classifications target both specific facial areas (e.g., upper third, perioral, periorbital) and overall skin appearance. Furthermore, advanced software allows overlay facial scan analysis and wrinkle mapping for precise quantification of improvements. In addition to objective CROs, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) offer essential insights into perceived esthetic changes, satisfaction, and emotional well-being, completing a multidimensional evaluation of treatment efficacy. (4) Conclusions: Standardized evaluation protocols based on accessible tools such as clinical photographs, 3D facial scans, and validated PRO questionnaires are essential for guiding effective, personalized regenerative treatments. Their integration into routine practice enhances clinical decision-making and patient satisfaction. While advanced tools like dermal probes may further refine assessments, they require specific expertise and resources and may be less practical for daily clinical use.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prospectives in Regenerative Medicine and Surgery: Stem Cells and Beyond)
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Open AccessReview
Management of Acetabular Fractures with Total Hip Replacement: A Narrative Literature Review
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Domenico Tigani, Luigigiuseppe Lamattina, Andrea Assenza, Giuseppe Melucci, Alex Pizzo and Cesare Donadono
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070282 - 1 Jul 2025
Abstract
Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is widely regarded as the primary treatment for acetabular fractures, but limitations arise in complex cases, leading to non-anatomical reductions and increased risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Given the high incidence of secondary arthritis (12–57%) following ORIF, total
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Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is widely regarded as the primary treatment for acetabular fractures, but limitations arise in complex cases, leading to non-anatomical reductions and increased risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Given the high incidence of secondary arthritis (12–57%) following ORIF, total hip arthroplasty (THA) is often necessitated, particularly in scenarios unsuitable for ORIF, such as extensive comminution or combined femoral head and neck fractures. The surgical landscape has shifted from a traditional “fix or replace” to a more integrated “fix and replace” approach, especially beneficial in managing elderly patients with osteoporotic bones. THA is applied across various timelines, including acute (0–3 weeks), delayed (3 weeks to 3 months), and late (beyond 3 months), each presenting distinct challenges and requiring specific strategies to optimize outcomes. The importance of precise bone defect classifications and the role of dual mobility cups in reducing dislocation risks are highlighted, alongside the use of modern surgical and fixation techniques to improve stability and patient outcomes. Enhanced recovery protocols and meticulous postoperative management are critical to addressing complications, such as infections and hardware interference, tailoring treatment approaches to each patient’s needs, and advancing care for complex acetabular fractures.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthopedic Trauma: New Perspectives and Innovative Techniques)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
The Impact of Preoperative Risk Factors on Unplanned Readmission After Day Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
by
Hanqing Zhang, Xinglian Gao and Zhen Chen
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070281 - 1 Jul 2025
Abstract
Objective: This research seeks to explore and determine the principal pre-surgical risk elements associated with unplanned readmissions following day surgery, providing evidence-based guidance for clinical practice to optimize preoperative evaluations and reduce the incidence of readmissions. Background: As day surgery becomes
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Objective: This research seeks to explore and determine the principal pre-surgical risk elements associated with unplanned readmissions following day surgery, providing evidence-based guidance for clinical practice to optimize preoperative evaluations and reduce the incidence of readmissions. Background: As day surgery becomes increasingly common across global healthcare systems, ensuring effective postoperative recovery and preventing readmissions have become critical challenges. Numerous studies have explored the impact of various preoperative risk factors on postoperative readmissions. This study synthesizes existing evidence through a meta-analysis to identify the key preoperative factors associated with increased readmission risk. Methods: An extensive literature review was conducted across various databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and CNKI, to gather all relevant clinical research on pre-surgical risk elements for day surgery procedures, with studies included up to 15 January 2025. A structured analysis was undertaken, and the findings were integrated using a random-effects approach to assess the influence of key preoperative risk factors on subsequent readmissions in day surgery environments. Results: A total of 12 studies, involving 704,568 patients, were incorporated into the final analysis. The findings identified several preoperative factors that were significantly associated with an increased risk of postoperative readmission. These risk factors included: age ≥ 60 years (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.74–3.26, p < 0.00001), ASA classification ≥ 3 (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.61–2.38, p < 0.00001), presence of chronic diseases (OR = 11.78, 95% CI: 9.99–13.90, p < 0.00001), general anesthesia (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.51–3.86, p = 0.0002), infection risk (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.35–2.10, p < 0.00001), gender (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 2.21–2.71, p < 0.00001), complex surgery type (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 2.03–3.93, p < 0.00001), and bleeding disorders (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.53–2.17, p < 0.00001). Conclusions: This study highlights several key preoperative risk factors associated with unexpected readmissions following day surgery. These factors include age, ASA classification, presence of chronic diseases, general anesthesia, infection risk, gender, complex surgery type, and bleeding disorders. These findings provide valuable insights for preoperative assessments. Clinicians should focus on these high-risk factors during preoperative assessment and management to minimize postoperative readmission rates and improve surgical safety and recovery outcomes for patients.
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(This article belongs to the Section Evidence Based Medicine)
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Open AccessReview
Ultrasonographic Assessment of Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease: A Comprehensive Review
by
Lissiane Karine Noronha Guedes, Letícia Queiroga de Figueiredo, Fernanda Oliveira de Andrade Lopes, Luis Fernando Fernandes Ferrari and Karina Rossi Bonfiglioli
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070280 - 1 Jul 2025
Abstract
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) is a common crystal arthropathy characterized by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in joints and soft tissues. Ultrasonography (US) has emerged as a valuable imaging modality for diagnosing CPPD, offering real-time visualization of crystal deposits and joint
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Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) is a common crystal arthropathy characterized by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in joints and soft tissues. Ultrasonography (US) has emerged as a valuable imaging modality for diagnosing CPPD, offering real-time visualization of crystal deposits and joint inflammation. In the context of personalized medicine, US plays a critical role in enabling individualized patient assessment, facilitating early and accurate diagnosis, and supporting tailored therapeutic decisions based on specific imaging findings. This article reviews the ultrasonographic features of CPPD, their diagnostic utility, and clinical applications, emphasizing the relevance of US in stratifying patients and guiding personalized management approaches.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases)
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Open AccessArticle
Comparing Multigene Molecular Testing Results of MRI-Target Versus Systematic Prostate Needle Biopsies of Candidates for and Under Active Surveillance
by
Nicholas J. Lanzotti, Chris Du, Julia Hall, Joseph Saba, Maria M. Picken and Gopal N. Gupta
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070279 - 1 Jul 2025
Abstract
Introduction: The multigene molecular testing of prostate cancer tissue after biopsy provides individualized information to guide further management. The utility of selective genetic testing for MRI-visible target versus systematic cancer in patients as well as during different time points of active surveillance (AS)
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Introduction: The multigene molecular testing of prostate cancer tissue after biopsy provides individualized information to guide further management. The utility of selective genetic testing for MRI-visible target versus systematic cancer in patients as well as during different time points of active surveillance (AS) is unknown. The objective of this study was to compare ProlarisTM results of MRI-target cancers versus systematic cancers on prostate needle biopsy as well as both during consideration for initial AS candidacy and candidacy for remaining on AS. Methods: Our prospectively maintained institutional multiparametric (mp) MRI prostate cancer active surveillance database (2013–2024) was queried for patients that underwent ProlarisTM genetic testing of positive biopsy cores. Baseline information for PSA, PSA density, and ProlarisTM calculated data were collected. Information on the timing of the Prolaris testing, defined as during the initial cancer diagnostic biopsy or on a subsequent confirmatory biopsy was collected. SPSS v29.0 was used to compare the selective ProlarisTM results of MRI-target cancers versus systematic cancers during different points of AS. Results: 264 patients with a ProlarisTM test were identified, 86 with MRI-target and 178 on systematic cancers. 182 ProlarisTM tests were sent on a diagnostic biopsy and 81 on a subsequent biopsy. Overall, MRI-target cancers had similar risk scores (3.23 vs. 3.14, p = 0.18). ProlarisTM scores were higher for GG2 systematic than GG1 target cancers (3.40 vs. 3.18, p = 0.023). The GG2 systematic lesion cohort also had higher predicted the 10-year disease-specific mortality (DSM) (3.40% vs. 2.30%, p < 0.01) and 10-year metastasis risk (1.90% vs. 1.20%, p = 0.013), and more aggressive recommended treatment. Analyses of the ProlarisTM results sent during a diagnostic biopsy yielded similar results. Finally, on an analysis of the ProlarisTM results sent during subsequent biopsy, a systematic GG2 biopsy was noted to have a higher 10-year DSM and metastasis rate, but similar risk scores and treatment recommendations. Conclusions: ProlarisTM tests can be sent at multiple time points of AS, and selectively for MRI-visible versus higher grade cancers. There is no consistent association between MRI-visible cancer and Prolaris risk profile. When utilizing multigene molecular testing in prostate cancer, each individual patient must be evaluated to decide the appropriate level of care.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urological Cancer: Clinical Advances in Personalized Therapy)
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Open AccessReview
Endoscopic vs. External Dacryocystorhinostomy in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Scoping Review of the Literature and Our Experience with Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy
by
Nitish Kumar, Lisa A. Marks, Pedro Lança Gomes and Devyani Lal
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070278 - 1 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Although endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has been widely accepted as the procedure of choice for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) management due to most etiologies, concerns regarding the reactivation of disease and involvement of surrounding structures add to hesitation in its utilization for
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Background/Objectives: Although endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has been widely accepted as the procedure of choice for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) management due to most etiologies, concerns regarding the reactivation of disease and involvement of surrounding structures add to hesitation in its utilization for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) patients. No study has directly compared outcomes of external vs. endoscopic DCR in GPA patients. This information can be helpful for patient counselling and choosing a personalized surgical approach for the best results. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was performed in January 2024. The following databases were searched using a combination of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) and keywords: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science. This scoping review is not registered. Medical records of two GPA patients who underwent endoscopic DCR at our center were reviewed. Results: The search yielded 96 articles; 15 articles met the inclusion criteria for a full review. Six studies with 22 procedures reported 100% success with endoscopic DCR. Nine studies with 122 procedures reported success in 88.5% of cases with external DCRs. Additional perioperative immunosuppression was recommended in patients with severe mucosal inflammation. The case series presents the disease course, details of surgery, and perioperative management in two GPA patients with NLDO who underwent endoscopic DCR successfully. Conclusions: Endoscopic DCR was associated with equivalent or better success rates and lower complications compared to external DCR in GPA patients. Ensuring disease remission state and appropriate immunomodulatory therapy can help prevent the proposed risk of endonasal disease reactivation with endoscopic DCR.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment in Otorhinolaryngology)
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Open AccessArticle
Simultaneous Evaluation of Shear Wave Elastography and C-Peptide Index for Predicting Need of Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study
by
Moeno Sugita-Hamada, Takeshi Yokoo, Nao Nakajima, Yoshifumi Takahashi, Akihiko Osaki, Masaki Maruyama, Masaaki Takamura, Nobuo Waguri, Osamu Isokawa and Shuji Terai
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070277 - 1 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Recently, shear wave elastography (SWE) and dispersion (SWD) targeting the pancreas have been attempted as noninvasive procedures to evaluate personalized conditions. This study aimed to analyze the feasibility of utilizing them for evaluating the individual need of introducing insulin therapy, combined
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Background/Objectives: Recently, shear wave elastography (SWE) and dispersion (SWD) targeting the pancreas have been attempted as noninvasive procedures to evaluate personalized conditions. This study aimed to analyze the feasibility of utilizing them for evaluating the individual need of introducing insulin therapy, combined with the C-peptide index (CPI), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This study involved 51 patients with T2DM aged ≥20 years old and 20 control subjects without impaired glucose tolerance (CTRL). T2DM were divided into non-insulin-treated (non-INS) and insulin-treated (INS) groups. Their background data, shear wave speed (SWS), and dispersion slope (DS) of the pancreas were obtained on the same day. Results: Pancreatic SWS was higher in T2DM than in CTRL (p < 0.0001), with an AUC of 0.840, sensitivity of 89.1%, and specificity of 70.6%, using a Youden index cutoff of 1.31 m/s. INS and non-INS were discriminated with the cutoff value of 1.70 m/s (p = 0.031, AUC 0.736, sensitivity 55.6% and specificity 89.2%). Pancreatic DS of INS and non-INS was 13.52 and 12.16 (m/s)/kHz, respectively (p = 0.046). Using 12.38 (m/s)/kHz as the cutoff, AUC was 0.718, with sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 56.8% and negative predictive value of 95.5%. CPI had AUC of 0.724, sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 83.3% with the cutoff of 0.63. With combination of SWS and CPI, all patients with SWS < 1.70 m/s and CPI > 0.476 belonged to non-INS. Conclusions: Simultaneous non-invasive SWE and CPI evaluation showed the feasibility for estimating personalized insulin initiation needs in T2DM, integrating biophysical and hormonal perspectives. Further investigation with a larger, multi-center study population is warranted to enhance the level of evidence.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology: Current Updates and Clinical Challenges)
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Open AccessReview
Surgical Management of Mediastinal Ectopic Parathyroids
by
Giacomo Rabazzi, Gianmarco Elia, Vittorio Aprile, Stylianos Korasidis, Maria Giovanna Mastromarino, Diana Bacchin, Alessandra Lenzini, Marcello Carlo Ambrogi, Greta Alì, Filomena Cetani, Gabriele Materazzi and Marco Lucchi
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070276 - 30 Jun 2025
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism is commonly caused by parathyroid adenomas, hyperplasia, or, rarely, carcinoma. In up to 20% of cases, parathyroid tissue may be ectopic, often located in the mediastinum due to aberrant embryologic migration. Ectopic parathyroid glands pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, and
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Primary hyperparathyroidism is commonly caused by parathyroid adenomas, hyperplasia, or, rarely, carcinoma. In up to 20% of cases, parathyroid tissue may be ectopic, often located in the mediastinum due to aberrant embryologic migration. Ectopic parathyroid glands pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, and an accurate preoperative localization is essential for an effective and safe resection. Imaging modalities such as CT scan, TC-sestamibi scintigraphy, PET/CT, ultrasonography and MRI are routinely employed, whereas combined techniques offer improved diagnostic accuracy. Emerging approaches, however, including PET/CT with choline tracers, have shown promise in enhancing sensitivity in complex or recurrent cases. When ectopic glands are in the mediastinum, thoracic surgical intervention is required. Traditional open approaches, such as sternotomy or thoracotomy, are associated with significant morbidity. The development and evolution of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has become the preferred approach in selected cases. When MIS is performed, intraoperative assessment and parathyroid identification are crucial to ensure complete gland removal. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) monitoring provides real-time confirmation of surgical success. The integration of advanced imaging, intraoperative monitoring, and minimally invasive techniques significantly improves surgical outcomes while minimizing complications and accelerating patient recovery. Ultimately, the effective treatment of ectopic parathyroid glands relies on a personalized approach, adapting both diagnostic and surgical strategies to the unique anatomical and clinical context of each patient. Integration of advanced imaging, intraoperative monitoring, and minimally invasive techniques, combined with a multidisciplinary team involving endocrinologists, radiologists, and thoracic surgeons, is key to optimizing outcomes and reducing patient morbidity.
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(This article belongs to the Section Methodology, Drug and Device Discovery)
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