Proceedings, Volume 49, Issue 1

In marathon running, maintenance of body temperature is critical for peak performance. Race apparel should maximize ventilation yet current fabric permeability standards are based on airflow rates that are not generated during running. A novel flow...

Auxetic materials have a negative Poisson’s ratio, meaning they contract laterally during axial compression. Auxetics can also absorb more energy during impacts than conventional materials. Auxetic foam was fabricated by volumetrically compress...

The aim of the study was to develop a database of biomechanical data for multiple gait tasks. This database will be used to create a real-time gait pattern classifier that will be implemented in a new-generation active knee prosthesis. With this inte...

Devices for swimmers with arm amputation/deficiency have not been developed a lot and therefore many improvements can be realized. Although swimmers often use paddles during training, paddles on the market are basically for swimmers without amputatio...

The purpose of this study was to elucidate pelvic orientation angles using a single lower back-mounted inertial sensor during sprinting. A single inertial sensor was attached to each sprinter’s lower back, used to measure continuous pelvic movements...

The optimization of sport equipment parts requires considerable time and high costs due to the high complexity of the development process. For this reason, we have developed a novel approach to decrease the cost and time for the optimization of the d...

The aim of the study was to compare the power output during indoor sprints on a SKILLRUN^TM treadmill with the power output expressed in outdoor sprints pushing an instrumented sled. The SKILLRUN^TM has been chosen because it is able to simulate the ou...

The practice of road cycling is often associated with low levels of comfort for the cyclist and can be a physically painful experience on bad roads. Apart from cushioning in the saddle, applying handlebar tape, or reducing tyre pressure, a road bicyc...

To minimize the costs of the current manufacturing of kitesurf hydrofoil wings, a workflow using a finite elements model was developed. By coupling a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis with a structural finite element analysis (FEA), an optim...

“Ride” has been established to subjectively describe the heel-to-toe transition during walking and running. Recently, a study was published aiming to quantify “ride” by linking it to the maximum velocity of the anterior-poster...

The use of wearable technologies for the monitoring of human movement has increased considerably in the past few years, with applications to sports and other physical activities. Energy expenditure, walking and running distance, step count, and heart...

Many studies have investigated the forces acting on a football in flight and how these change with the introduction or modification of surface features; however, these rarely give insight into the underlying fluid mechanics causing these changes. In...

Experimental analyses of motions of a double-leg circle were conducted for a smooth and dynamic movement. A motion capture system provided the data for two different gymnasts; one is well trained and the other has an average skill level. Lissajous an...

Within this study the aim is to measure running workload and relevant running technique key points on varying cadence in recreational runners using a custom build sensor system ‘Nodes’. Seven participants ran on a treadmill at a self-chos...

A new approach is presented to characterize the aerodynamic benefit from riding in the wake of another cyclist at different downstream locations. The method presented uses the dynamic pressure deficit in the wake of a cycling mannequin to estimate pe...

The appropriate selection of arrows in the sport of archery is important to the achievement of high-quality results. In this regard, a shooting machine that is compatible with the wide variety of available bows and arrows is necessary. However, bow s...

The sports industry and researchers work on improving spectators’ enjoyment to influence their consumption behavior. Many studies evaluated the variables impacting on enjoyment, but they did not consider the recent new technologies popularization. Th...

Upper extremity injuries are common in baseball. One of these is the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury. In the field of sports injuries, most research focuses on average kinematics and kinetics between subjects, whereas focusing on within-subjec...

Recently, in the field of sports, studies have been actively conducted to collect and analyze human behavior data from various sensors for assisting exercise. However, there are very few studies targeting disabled subjects. The purpose of this study...

A kinetic model of the shooting arms has estimated arm joint torques for one-hand set- and jump-shots in basketball. The dynamic model has three rigid planar links with rotational joints imitating an upper arm, forearm and hand with shoulder, elbow a...

The purpose of this paper is to design an improved centerboard for the Olympic 470 sailing dinghy sailing upwind. The design is improved by introducing a composite design that makes the centerboard twist to windward when sailing upwind, thereby reduc...

There is a shortage of young people studying physics and engineering and these professions could benefit from greater diversity. Sports engineering is often used as a tool to change the public perceptions of engineering and sporting examples can be u...

The full comprehension of the impact with which each force is involved in kayak propulsion is very difficult. The measure of the force on the paddle or the stroke rate only is often not enough for the coach to identify the best actions useful to impr...

The tension of strings on a badminton racket can be adjusted by players according to their personal experiences. The best way to execute such an adjustment remains unclear. A finite element model was employed in this study to investigate the effect o...

To assess the thermoregulatory capacities of backpack-designs, five male participants were equipped with a temperature and moisture measuring system. Relative humidity (rH) and temperature (T) were measured underneath the participants’ t-shirt&...

In this research, we propose a visual-feedback system and evaluate it based on motion-sensing and computational technologies. This system will help amateur athletes imitate the motor skills of professionals. Using a self-organizing map (SOM) to visua...

In this study, the finite element analysis of the string planes of badminton racquets was investigated to evaluate the effect of the mechanical characteristics of polymer strings. The nonlinear mechanical characteristics of commercially available pol...

Sensors incorporated in a sports ball for data collection can affect the properties of a ball, specifically the spin rate of a ball if the mass distribution (moments of inertia, MOI) is altered. This paper provides a method for assessing the MOIs of...

Usage of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) in running-specific prostheses increases day by day. The tailorable properties of CFRP blades bring many discussions about design and performance. In this study, the effect of shape on performance is...

The objective of this study was to construct a finite element (FE) model of table tennis rubber (Sandwich rubber) with pimples structure, which can accurately estimate the rebound behavior of the ball at impact, and to investigate effects of its stru...

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a very common sequela after ankle sprains. Previous studies observed some knee biomechanical and neuromuscular alterations of CAI that could potentially relate to the knee injury mechanism during landings. However,...

This paper compares four sport surface hardness impact test devices, for use on artificial turf (AT) surfaces to control safety. Sports governing bodies require sport surfaces to be assessed with the “Advanced Artificial Athlete” (AAA) mechanical tes...

Some snowboarding simulation methods have been developed. Although snow has unique properties such as granular material and continuum, few snowboard simulation methods can reproduce the discrete behavior of snow. Conventional simulations are unsuitab...

In road cycling, cyclists strategically use their energetic resources in unique race-specific circumstances. For time-trial events, professional cycling teams design pacing plans aimed at the effective management of anaerobic work capacities of indiv...

The purpose of this study was to propose a methodology which quantifies the ball-speed generating mechanism of baseball pitching with the use of inertial measurement units (IMUs). IMUs were attached to the upper trunk, upper arm, forearm, and hand se...

While it is assumed that pressure-sensing insoles are usually placed directly below the foot and on top of the shoes’ standard insoles, nearly no previously published study actually describes the procedure, which leaves a slight uncertainty. Th...

A simulation-driven design process is proven to generate improved, more robust, and cost-effective designs within a shorter design cycle. Incorporating simulation and optimization early in the design cycle helps shape the concept designs so fewer ite...

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of brushing and infill maintenance of third generation (3G) synthetic turf on field safety. A split-plot randomized complete block design was used with six different fiber pile heights, infill...

The trajectory of a soccer ball, kicked with a spin to curve it into the goal, is strongly influenced by aerodynamic factors such as the Magnus force. Several studies using a wind-tunnel and high-speed cameras have investigated the Magnus force actin...

This paper describes the non-parametric shape optimization process for a football boot bottom plate. The non-parametric shape optimization process changes the nodes’ location of a model and outputs an optimum shape, which satisfies an optimizat...

Here we seek to control mechanical power output in outdoor cycling by adjusting commanded cadence of a cyclist. To understand cyclist’s dynamic behavior, we had one participant match their cadence to a range of commanded cadences. We then devel...

The aim of this project was to evaluate effects of backpacks with different design intended for use during cycling on skin-close temperature and relative humidity, oxygen uptake, heart rate and aerodynamic drag. Seven subjects took part in the study...

The present paper describes preliminary results of studies carried out using a new measurement setup and a biathlon rifle with two different interchangeable stocks: a commercial, mainly wooden one and one additively manufactured from titanium alloy a...

At present, there are only a few developed pitching machines that can throw a ball with gyro spin. In this study, we aimed to develop a new baseball pitching machine using four rollers, where the rotational speed of each of the four rollers and the c...

For many runners, mechanical characteristics of running shoes, such as cushioning ability, are important in finding their suitable shoes. In addition to that, subjective comfort has come to be regarded as a non-negligible factor these days. According...

In road bicycle races, advanced skills are needed to traverse downhill corners quickly and safely. A previous study revealed that in specific experimental corners, some beginners tend to lean their bikes more compared to experts. Therefore, in seekin...

The maximal total power (P_max) is one of the major determinants of sprint performance. It can be calculated using a simple model based on the runner’s velocity. This velocity has already been measured with force plates, video cameras or a radar...

Regional changes in muscle activation occur at different contraction intensities. These changes can be observed with activity maps created with high-density electromyography (HDEMG). When quantifying these changes, statistical parametric mapping (SPM...

In boxing, an efficient punch requires a combination of force, velocity and stability of the athlete. Being able to monitor these parameters has the potential to better inform training practices required to reach high performance. Hence, the aim of t...

In this study, we developed a load control type treadmill installed with a force plate and an automatic controller. A conventional treadmill does not measure ground reaction force, and the belt is rotated at a constant speed. The developed system can...