Sustainability

Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

71 pages, 979 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Sustainability in 2017

by Sustainability Editorial Office

MDPI AG, St. Alban-Anlage 66, 4052 Basel, Switzerland

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010218 - 16 Jan 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 9903

Abstract

Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Sustainability maintains high quality standards for its published papers [...] Full article

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

14 pages, 2098 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Could Black Be the New Gold? Design-Driven Challenges in New Sustainable Luxury Materials for Jewelry

by Beatrice Lerma^1,*

, Doriana Dal Palù¹, Marco Actis Grande² and Claudia De Giorgi¹

¹ Department of Architecture and Design, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Mattioli 39, 10125 Torino, Italy

² Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010002 - 21 Dec 2017

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 11827

Abstract

Is there a new material for use in jewelry, matching gold and precious stones, capable of maintaining the same perception of “preciousness” but that is also more sustainable, ethical, and inexpensive? This article deals with a case study within the European EcoDesign Network [...] Read more.

Is there a new material for use in jewelry, matching gold and precious stones, capable of maintaining the same perception of “preciousness” but that is also more sustainable, ethical, and inexpensive? This article deals with a case study within the European EcoDesign Network research project, aimed at investigating how sustainable design can help prestigious companies pinpoint new materials for the creation of jewelry, focusing on new and environmentally friendly opportunities while preserving their market position and target audience. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. Adopting the exploring design path, a jewelry background analysis pointed out both stereotypes and possible innovations in the jewelry field: an analysis was carried out on the perception of jewels by a panel guided by a cognitive ergonomics specialist, also using the eye-tracking machine to examine participants’ reactions to the jewelry involved in the study, and to establish paradigms of sustainability, preciousness, and innovation. Several meta-project proposals regarding innovations in materials and finishing were hypothesized and tested, following the main guidelines and principles of ecodesign. Lastly, a prototyping phase and some mechanical tests were implemented to verify the hypotheses of innovation. The results allowed the creation of a first set of sustainable jewelry, currently on the market. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Materials)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1562 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effluents from Fish Farming Ponds: A View from the Perspective of Its Main Components

by Anderson Coldebella^1,2,*, André Luis Gentelini^1,2, Pitágoras Augusto Piana¹, Priscila Ferri Coldebella³

, Wilson Rogério Boscolo¹ and Aldi Feiden¹

¹ Fisheries Engineering Department, State University of West Paraná, 85903-000 Toledo, Paraná, Brazil

² Aquaculture Engineering Department, Federal Institute of Paraná, 85860-000 Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil

³ Environment Integrated Laboratories, Dinâmica das Cataratas University Center, 85868-030 Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010003 - 21 Dec 2017

Cited by 49 | Viewed by 9924

Abstract

Among the animal protein production activities, world aquaculture has the highest growth rate, and is mainly practiced in ground-excavated ponds. However, with great productivity comes the concern about the increasing generation of effluents, mainly at the moment of fish removal, when high loads [...] Read more.

Among the animal protein production activities, world aquaculture has the highest growth rate, and is mainly practiced in ground-excavated ponds. However, with great productivity comes the concern about the increasing generation of effluents, mainly at the moment of fish removal, when high loads of organic matter and nutrients are released into the environment. Thus, this study evaluated the quality of effluents through the principal component analysis (PCA) in samples from nurseries of different sizes in four sampling scenarios. Analysis was performed during the process of fish removal in Nile Tilapia intensive fish farming sites at various properties in the Western region of Paraná State in Brazil. Twenty physical and chemical parameters were analyzed in each effluent sample using standard methods of effluent analysis. The results indicated that the concentrations of Suspended Solids (SS), Total Solids (TS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Phosphorus (TP) increased significantly at the end of the fish removal process, which caused a progressive deterioration in the effluent released into the environment. Hence, regulating water management during cultivation, as well as mitigating the effects of effluent generated in fish removal, is indispensable to maintain the legality, profitability, and sustainability of this sector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Eutrophication and Sustainable Management of Water)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Empirical Study towards the Drivers of Sustainable Economic Growth in EU-28 Countries

by Daniel Ştefan Armeanu, Georgeta Vintilă and Ştefan Cristian Gherghina^*

Department of Finance, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 6 Piata Romana, 010374 Bucharest, Romania

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010004 - 21 Dec 2017

Cited by 70 | Viewed by 10352

Abstract

This study aims at empirically investigating the drivers of sustainable economic growth in EU-28 countries. By means of panel data regression models, in the form of fixed and random effects models, alongside system generalized method of moments, we examine several drivers of real [...] Read more.

This study aims at empirically investigating the drivers of sustainable economic growth in EU-28 countries. By means of panel data regression models, in the form of fixed and random effects models, alongside system generalized method of moments, we examine several drivers of real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, as follows: higher education, business environment, infrastructure, technology, communications, and media, population lifestyle, and demographic changes. As regards higher education, the empirical results show that expenditure per student in higher education and traditional 18–22 year-old students are positively linked with sustainable economic growth, whereas science and technology graduates negatively influence real GDP growth. In terms of business environment, total expenditure on research and development and employment rates of recent graduates contributes to sustainable development, but corruption perceptions index revealed a negative association with economic growth. As well, the results provide support for a negative influence of infrastructure abreast technological measures on economic growth. Besides, we found a negative connection between old-age dependency ratio and sustainable economic growth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards Resilient Entrepreneurship and Technological Development in Self-Sustainable Economies)

11 pages, 1646 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Suppliers Performance Evaluation in Belt and Road Using Fuzzy Weighted Average with Social Media Information

by Kuo-Ping Lin^1,2,*, Kuo-Chen Hung³, Yu-Ting Lin¹ and Yao-Hung Hsieh⁴

¹ Department of Information Management, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33306, Taiwan

² Institute of Innovation and Circular Economy, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan

³ Department of Computer Science and Information Management, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan

⁴ Department of Interior Design, China University of Technology, Taipei 11695, Taiwan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010005 - 21 Dec 2017

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5647

Abstract

A decision model for selecting a suitable supplier is a key to reducing the environmental impact in green supply chain management for high-tech companies. Traditional fuzzy weight average (FWA) adopts linguistic variable to determine weight by experts. However, the weights of FWA have [...] Read more.

A decision model for selecting a suitable supplier is a key to reducing the environmental impact in green supply chain management for high-tech companies. Traditional fuzzy weight average (FWA) adopts linguistic variable to determine weight by experts. However, the weights of FWA have not considered the public voice, meaning the viewpoints of consumers in green supply chain management. This paper focuses on developing a novel decision model for green supplier selection in the One Belt and One Road (OBOR) initiative through a fuzzy weighted average approach with social media. The proposed decision model uses the membership grade of the criteria and sub-criteria and its relative weights, which consider the volume of social media, to establish an analysis matrix of green supplier selection. Then, the proposed fuzzy weighted average approach is considered as an aggregating tool to calculate a synthetic score for each green supplier in the Belt and Road initiative. The final score of the green supplier is ordered by a non-fuzzy performance value ranking method to help the consumer make a decision. A case of green supplier selection in the light-emitting diode (LED) industry is used to demonstrate the proposed decision model. The findings demonstrate (1) the consumer’s main concerns are the “Quality” and “Green products” in LED industry, hence, the ranking of suitable supplier in FWA with social media information model obtained the difference result with tradition FWA; (2) OBOR in the LED industry is not fervently discussed in searches of Google and Twitter; and (3) the FWA with social media information could objectively analyze the green supplier selection because the novel model considers the viewpoints of the consumer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agribusiness Decision making model in Belt and Road Green Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 6844 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Heterogeneity of Typical Ecosystem Services and Their Relationships in Different Ecological–Functional Zones in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China

by Zhen Xie^1,2, Yang Gao^1,2,*, Chao Li^1,2, Jian Zhou³ and Tianzhu Zhang^1,2

¹ College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

² Key Laboratory for Agricultural Land Quality, Monitoring and Control, The Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100193, China

³ Center for Land Resources Research in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010006 - 25 Dec 2017

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5142

Abstract

Recognizing changes in ecosystem services (ES) and their relationships is the basis of achieving sustainable regional development. Regional collaborative development has become the core strategy of the development of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region. However, sub regions have different ecological changes and relationships. Here, [...] Read more.

Recognizing changes in ecosystem services (ES) and their relationships is the basis of achieving sustainable regional development. Regional collaborative development has become the core strategy of the development of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region. However, sub regions have different ecological changes and relationships. Here, we quantify and map ES, including water yield, sediment retention, carbon sequestration and grain productive capacity in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, using several biophysical models and explore the relationships of spatial correction, trade-offs and synergies among multiple ES in different spatial scales. Results across the four years show that the quality and variation tendency of ES from each region are spatially heterogeneous. The relationship between ES that are not significant in the entire region shows different correlations in individual ecological–functional zones. From the perspective of regional disparity, the effect of land use factor and correlative mechanisms among ES are analyzed. To observe the spatiotemporal variations and relationships of ES in individual regions, land use management policies are proposed on the basis of the results of the relationships among ES. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 7693 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cultivated Land Use Benefits Under State and Collective Agrarian Property Regimes in China

by Quanfeng Li^1,2, Shougeng Hu^2,†, Guoming Du^1,*,†, Chuanrong Zhang³

and Yansui Liu⁴

¹ College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China

² School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

³ Department of Geography, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 215 Glenbrook Rd, Unit 4148, Storrs, CT 06269, USA

⁴ Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

^† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010007 - 21 Dec 2017

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6214

Abstract

Agrarian property regimes interact with relevant property stakeholders’ behaviors and benefits, playing a vital role in national and regional cultivated land use. In China, state and collective agrarian property regimes are the two main forms of cultivated land use. To help fully realize [...] Read more.

Agrarian property regimes interact with relevant property stakeholders’ behaviors and benefits, playing a vital role in national and regional cultivated land use. In China, state and collective agrarian property regimes are the two main forms of cultivated land use. To help fully realize the multi-objectives of cultivated land use benefits provided by agrarian property regimes, our study investigated the relationship between agrarian property regimes and cultivated land use. This paper describes the role of a cultivated land use system in facilitating the relationship between agrarian property regimes and cultivated land use from a geographical perspective. Understanding the cultivated land use system is the foundation for comparatively analyzing differences in the cultivated land use benefits in two adjacent areas, a state-owned regime and a collective regime, in the city of Fujin, China, through a comprehensive evaluation. We found the following results: (1) The arrangement of agrarian property rights directly reflects capital, material and technology inputs by motivating agricultural labors to obtain different economic benefits; (2) The state agrarian property regime reflects top-down agricultural management while the collective agrarian property regime reflects bottom-up agricultural management in China. The different agricultural managements influence planting structure and land use planning, resulting in different ecological benefits; (3) Labor division and social insurance are the main drivers of different social benefits from the two regimes. Examining cultivated land use benefits provides a new comparative perspective for studying agrarian property regimes. The results show that cultivated land use benefits from collective and state agrarian property regimes are different. These findings clarify that, incentivized by the different types of agrarian property ownerships represented by collectively and state-owned regimes, local governments and organizations aim to achieve the multi-objective cultivated land use benefit goal of Chinese agricultural development, including economic, ecological and social benefits. With China’s goal of conducting moderate agricultural reform in its agrarian property regime, verification of rural collective land rights is an effective form of asset management in collective areas in China, while deepening land tenure and usufruct is an important priority in state-owned regimes. Furthermore, to make full use of agricultural resources, it is necessary to have a close collaboration between the collective agrarian property regime and the state agrarian property regime. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1591 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainability and Economic Performance of the Companies in the Renewable Energy Sector in Romania

by Mihail Busu^1,*

and Alexandra Catalina Nedelcu²

¹ Faculty of Management, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 6 Piata Romana, 1st district, 010374 Bucharest, Romania

² Faculty of Business Administration in Foreign Languages, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 6 Piata Romana, 1st district, 010374 Bucharest, Romania

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010008 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5518

Abstract

In this paper, we focus on the sustainability and economic performance of the renewable energy sector of Romania. In our analysis, we have used Total Quality Management (TQM) model, which is an economic modern tool used for improving the quality of management for [...] Read more.

In this paper, we focus on the sustainability and economic performance of the renewable energy sector of Romania. In our analysis, we have used Total Quality Management (TQM) model, which is an economic modern tool used for improving the quality of management for all companies. The aim of this study is to bring into discussion the conceptualized TQM model of Edward Deming underlying different stages of its evolution as it is described in the economic literature. Conceptual model is applied in a case study of the renewable energy sector of Romania. The quantitative research evaluates the impact of the total quality management to achieve the sustainable development, performance objectives and the competitive advantage of the companies in the renewable energy sector. Data was collected through a survey and the questionnaire was addressed to the management and employees in the renewable energy sector. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used and the hypotheses were tested by partial least square (PLS) equations. Data was analyzed through the Smart PLS 3 software. The main contribution of this paper is to identify and evaluate the relationship among sustainable development, economic performance of the companies and TQM model indicators. The conclusions of our research are in line with the existing literature and confirm the theoretical assumptions, underlining the fact that the undertaking’s performance and sustainable development is a direct consequence of the combination among a series of factors like decisional power quality, motivated workforce as well as integrity of operational process. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 2808 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Urbanization Synergy Degree Measures—A Case Study in Henan Province, China

by Leilei Jiao, Fumin Deng and Xuedong Liang^*

The Economy and Enterprise Development Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010009 - 21 Dec 2017

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5567

Abstract

Sustainable urbanization emphasizes properly handling the relationships between people, people and society, and people and nature in the process of urban development. However, sometimes these interactions are difficult to quantify. Through an analysis of the structure and functions of the sustainable urbanization system, [...] Read more.

Sustainable urbanization emphasizes properly handling the relationships between people, people and society, and people and nature in the process of urban development. However, sometimes these interactions are difficult to quantify. Through an analysis of the structure and functions of the sustainable urbanization system, this paper introduced synergetic theory and constructed a sustainable urbanization synergy system (SUSS) with five subsystems; demographic change, economic development, spatial structure, environmental quality, and social development; to study the synergistic development and orderly evolution trend of the sustainable urbanization composite system. Using sustainable urbanization in Henan province as an example, a mathematical quantitative model was established to measure the subsystem order degrees and the composite system synergy degree from 2006 to 2015. The results were consistent with the actual situation and indicated that over time, sustainable urbanization in Henan developed towards a more harmonious and orderly state, though the overall synergy degree was not high. It was found that the model was a sound basis for scientific judgment and effective decision-making when seeking to coordinate sustainable urbanization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Urban Metabolism)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 15370 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Analyzing Land Cover Change and Urban Growth Trajectories of the Mega-Urban Region of Dhaka Using Remotely Sensed Data and an Ensemble Classifier

by Mohammad Mehedy Hassan^* and Jane Southworth

Department of Geography, University of Florida; Gainesville, FL 32611, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010010 - 21 Dec 2017

Cited by 61 | Viewed by 16034

Abstract

Accurate information on, and human interpretation of, urban land cover using satellite-derived sensor imagery is critical given the intricate nature and niches of socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental factors occurring at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Detailed knowledge of urban land and their changing [...] Read more.

Accurate information on, and human interpretation of, urban land cover using satellite-derived sensor imagery is critical given the intricate nature and niches of socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental factors occurring at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Detailed knowledge of urban land and their changing pattern over time periods associated with ecological risk is, however, required for the best use of critical land and its environmental resources. Interest in this topic has increased recently, driven by a surge in the use of open-source computing software, satellite-derived imagery, and improved classification algorithms. Using the machine learning algorithm Random Forest, combined with multi-date Landsat imagery, we classified eight periods of land cover maps with up-to-date spatial and temporal information of urban land between the period of 1972 and 2015 for the mega-urban region of greater Dhaka in Bangladesh. Random Forest—a non-parametric ensemble classifier—has shown a quantum increase in satellite-derived image classification accuracy due to its outperformance over traditional approaches, e.g., Maximum Likelihood. Employing Random Forest as an image classification approach for this study with independent cross-validation techniques, we obtained high classification accuracy, user and producer accuracy. Our overall classification accuracy ranges were between 85% and 97% with kappa values between 0.81 and 0.94. The area statistics derived from the thematic land cover map show that the built-up area in the 43-year study period expanded quickly, from 35 km² in 1972 to 378 km² in 2015, with a net increase rate of approximately 980% and an average annual growth rate of 6%. This growth rate, however, was higher in peripheral areas, with a 2903% increase and an annual expansion rate of 8%, compared to a 460% increase with an annual growth rate of 4% in the core city area (Dhaka City Corporation). This huge urban expansion took place in the north, northwest, and southwest regions of Dhaka, transforming areas that were previously agricultural land, vegetation cover, wetland, and water bodies. The main factors driving the city towards northern corridors include flood-free higher land, the availability of a transportation network, and the agglomeration of manufacturing-based employment centers. The resulting thematic map and spatial information produced from this study therefore serve to facilitate a detailed understanding of urban growth dynamics and land cover change patterns in the mega-urban region of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in an Urbanizing World: The Role of People)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 14408 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Collaborative Cloud Service Platform for Realizing Sustainable Make-To-Order Apparel Supply Chain

by Ke Ma^1,2,3,4, Lichuan Wang^1,* and Yan Chen¹

¹ Department of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China

² GEMTEX (GEnie des Matériaux TEXtile), ENSAIT (Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Industries Textiles), 59100 Roubaix, France

³ Department of Business Administration and Textile Management, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden

⁴ Department of Automation and Computer engineering, University of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010011 - 21 Dec 2017

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 8292

Abstract

As fashion mass customization has been developing rapidly in the recent decade, supply chain in apparel industry was required to be more flexible for meeting the need of quick response toward the dynamic changes in the fashion market. Forecast-based make-to-stock production strategy was [...] Read more.

As fashion mass customization has been developing rapidly in the recent decade, supply chain in apparel industry was required to be more flexible for meeting the need of quick response toward the dynamic changes in the fashion market. Forecast-based make-to-stock production strategy was not suitable anymore. Make-to-order strategy was employed by more and more apparel companies. However, there were still many defects in traditional make-to-order apparel supply chain, e.g., sustainability is still at a low level. In this study, we proposed a collaborative cloud service platform to develop a novel model of sustainable make-to-order apparel supply chain. A service provider selection heuristic was designed for this platform to optimally select suppliers corresponding to each received demand. Multi-agent-based simulation technology was utilized to build the proposed platform and to evaluate the new sustainable supply chain model. Experiment was conducted in the simulation to compare our new model to traditional apparel make-to-order model and model with outsourcing mechanism. Based on simulation results, the remarkable improvement in terms of sustainability of the proposed platform and corresponding supply chain model was demonstrated. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 5409 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stomatal Behavior of Cowpea Genotypes Grown Under Varying Moisture Levels

by Lawrence Munjonji^1,*

, Kingsley K. Ayisi¹, Pascal Boeckx²

and Geert Haesaert²

¹ Risk and Vulnerability Center, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa

² Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010012 - 23 Dec 2017

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4515

Abstract

Drought is a major limitation to crop productivity worldwide. Plants lose most of their water through stomata, thus making stomata an important organ in the control of transpiration and photosynthesis. This study assessed the stomatal behavior of four cowpea genotypes grown under four [...] Read more.

Drought is a major limitation to crop productivity worldwide. Plants lose most of their water through stomata, thus making stomata an important organ in the control of transpiration and photosynthesis. This study assessed the stomatal behavior of four cowpea genotypes grown under four moisture levels under hot semi-arid conditions. Stomatal conductance (gs) was measured at 47, 54, 70 and 77 days after planting (DAP). Biomass and carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) were also determined at flowering. Genotype and moisture level significantly influenced gs. Genotypes varied in gs at vegetative stages (47 and 54 DAP) only. TVu4607 had higher gs under severe drought conditions at both 47 and 54 DAP. On the other hand, moisture level influenced gs at 54 and 70 DAP only. Stomatal conductance was severely restricted in cowpea under both moderate and severe drought conditions as gs was mostly below the threshold 0.10 mol m⁻² s⁻¹. Relationships between: biomass and gs, and δ¹³C and gs were positive under severe drought only. The findings revealed that cowpea genotypes vary in gs under dry conditions and that the variation is more prominent at vegetative stage, suggesting that cowpea productivity in dry areas could be improved through selection of genotypes that maintain higher gs under dry conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 406 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Innovative Corporate Initiatives to Reduce Climate Risk: Lessons from East Asia

by Edward B. Barbier^*

and Joanne C. Burgess

Department of Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1771, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010013 - 21 Dec 2017

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6154

Abstract

Businesses, investors, and insurers are requiring better quantitative assessments of their exposure to climate risks and their impact on climate change. They are incorporating these assessments in their day-to-day management and long-term investment decisions. Already, there are efforts to develop international guidelines, common [...] Read more.

Businesses, investors, and insurers are requiring better quantitative assessments of their exposure to climate risks and their impact on climate change. They are incorporating these assessments in their day-to-day management and long-term investment decisions. Already, there are efforts to develop international guidelines, common policies and legal frameworks for such assessments, as well as the desire to foster climate financing. We examine recent progress in East Asia and the rest of the world in setting targets, pricing policies, and other mechanisms to reduce climate risks. We develop a model that demonstrates how reduced climate risk management may lower the total cost of capital of firms, thus making them more attractive to investors. We discuss the additional policies needed to support improved climate risk management in investment decisions, private investments in climate science, technology and innovation (STI) expansion, and more widespread adoption of climate financing and principles. Central banks, financial authorities, and governments can advance this objective by creating financial incentives to support investment decision-making. This would take into account factors such as improving climate performance, establishing better climate risk management and reporting requirements to foster green STI, and developing international guidelines and common policy and legal frameworks to support better climate risk management, assessments and reporting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Adaptation, Mitigation and Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 545 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards Sustainability in Viral Marketing with User Engaging Supporting Campaigns

by Jarosław Jankowski^1,*

, Magdalena Zioło², Artur Karczmarczyk¹

and Jarosław Wątróbski³

¹ Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland

² Faculty of Management and Economics of Services, University of Szczecin, 71-004 Szczecin, Poland

³ Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Szczecin, 71-101 Szczecin, Poland

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010015 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 7159

Abstract

While viral marketing has captured substantial academic and professional interest, the processes that underpin successful viral marketing campaigns remain poorly understood. High competition and pressure for successful campaigns lead to strategies based on persuasion, unsolicited messages, and other techniques that negatively affect brand [...] Read more.

While viral marketing has captured substantial academic and professional interest, the processes that underpin successful viral marketing campaigns remain poorly understood. High competition and pressure for successful campaigns lead to strategies based on persuasion, unsolicited messages, and other techniques that negatively affect brand perception. The need for more sustainable strategies with a limited negative impact on web users is observed. Therefore, the current study examines the effectiveness of viral marketing and a supporting campaign, where the main goal was to increase user engagement and overall campaign performance. Supporting campaigns were evaluated, to determine whether they enhanced viral activity, but without the need for high persuasion or intrusive techniques. Results showed that supporting actions could be integrated with lower performing campaigns to increase their effectiveness. Apart from the main scientific goal that is presented, the study demonstrates how virtual worlds can provide a laboratory-like environment for identifying the processes that underpin viral marketing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in E-Business)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 263 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Implementing Responsible Research and Innovation Practices in SMEs: Insights into Drivers and Barriers from the Austrian Medical Device Sector

by Alexander Auer^*

and Katharina Jarmai

Institute for Managing Sustainability, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Welthandelsplatz 1, A-1020 Vienna, Austria

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010017 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 53 | Viewed by 9427

Abstract

This paper addresses the question of how Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) can be implemented in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). It builds on existing knowledge about RRI in business as well as on insights into motivations, drivers and barriers from the related [...] Read more.

This paper addresses the question of how Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) can be implemented in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). It builds on existing knowledge about RRI in business as well as on insights into motivations, drivers and barriers from the related fields of eco-innovation and sustainability innovation. Expert interviews with CEOs of SMEs in the Austrian medical device sector are analyzed to develop insights into the companies’ research and innovation activities and potential drivers and barriers for RRI. The findings support the assumption that SMEs are largely unaware of the RRI concept. At the same time, however, it is possible to identify current practices that already operationalize aspects of RRI. It is argued that SMEs could build upon existing practices to further develop ways of being responsible and that implementation of RRI should be in line with specific organizational and contextual factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) in Industry)

19 pages, 5261 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Great Scottish Housing Disaster: The Impacts of Feudalism, Modernism, Energy Efficiency and Vapour Barriers on Indoor Air Quality, Asthma and Public Health

by Stirling Howieson

Department of Architecture, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010018 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5205

Abstract

This paper represents 30 years of research into the arena of housing and health. It brings together the conclusions of three books and the findings of multiple research papers undertaken by the author and published by medical, engineering and social policy journals. This [...] Read more.

This paper represents 30 years of research into the arena of housing and health. It brings together the conclusions of three books and the findings of multiple research papers undertaken by the author and published by medical, engineering and social policy journals. This work aims to highlight the links and connections between the diverse arenas of urban form, building design, energy efficiency, indoor air quality, respiratory medicine and immunology, all within the socio-economic framework of a small damp country on the fringe of northern Europe. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 4577 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Low-Carbon Transportation Oriented Urban Spatial Structure: Theory, Model and Case Study

by Yuyao Ye^1,*, Changjian Wang^1,*, Yuling Zhang¹, Kangmin Wu^1,2,3, Qitao Wu¹

and Yongxian Su¹

¹ Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangzhou 510070, China

² Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China

³ College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010019 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 33 | Viewed by 8519

Abstract

Optimising the spatial structure of cities to promote low-carbon travel is a primary goal of urban planning and construction innovation in the low-carbon era. There is a need for basic research on the structural characteristics that help to reduce motor traffic, thereby promoting [...] Read more.

Optimising the spatial structure of cities to promote low-carbon travel is a primary goal of urban planning and construction innovation in the low-carbon era. There is a need for basic research on the structural characteristics that help to reduce motor traffic, thereby promoting energy conservation. We first review the existing literature on the influence of urban spatial structure on transport carbon dioxide emissions and summarise the influence mechanisms. We then present two low-carbon transportation oriented patterns of urban spatial structure including the traditional walking city and the modern transit metropolis, illustrated by case studies. Furthermore, we propose an improved model Green Transportation System Oriented Development (GTOD), which is an extension of traditional transit-oriented development (TOD) and includes the additional features of a walking city and an emphasis on the integration of land use with a green transportation system, consisting of the public transportation and non-auto travel system. A compact urban form, effective mix of land use and appropriate scale of block are the basic structural features of a low-carbon transportation city. However, these features are only effective at promoting low-carbon transportation when integrated with the green traffic systems. Proper integration of the urban structural system with the green space system is also required. The optimal land use/transportation integration strategy is to divide traffic corridors with wedge-shaped green spaces and limit development along the transit corridors. This strategy forms the basis of the proposed urban structural model to promote low-carbon transportation and sustainable urban growth management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methodological Advances in Research on Sustainable Ecosystems)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2529 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Regional Variations of Credits Obtained by LEED 2009 Certified Green Buildings—A Country Level Analysis

by Peng Wu¹, Yongze Song²

, Jun Wang², Xiangyu Wang², Xianbo Zhao³

and Qinghua He^4,*

¹ Department of Construction Management, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia

² Australasian Joint Research Centre for Building Information Modelling, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia

³ School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia

⁴ Department of Construction Management and Real Estate, School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010020 - 29 Dec 2017

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 7516

Abstract

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is one of the most widely recognized green building rating systems. With more than 20% of the projects certified in non-United States (US) countries, LEED’s global impact has been increasing and it is critically important for [...] Read more.

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is one of the most widely recognized green building rating systems. With more than 20% of the projects certified in non-United States (US) countries, LEED’s global impact has been increasing and it is critically important for developers and regulatory authorities to understand LEED’s performance at the country level to facilitate global implementation. This study therefore aims to investigate the credit achievement pattern of LEED 2009, which is one of the well-developed versions of LEED, by using 4021 certified projects in the US, China, Turkey, and Brazil. The results show that significant differences can be identified on most rating categories, including sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, indoor environmental quality, and innovation in design. Using a post hoc analysis, country-specific credit allocation patterns are also identified to help developers to understand existing country-specific green building practices. In addition, it is also found that there is unbalanced achievement of regional priority credits. The study offers a useful reference and benchmark for international developers and contractors to understand the regional variations of LEED 2009 and for regulatory authorities, such as the U.S. Green Building Council, to improve the rating system, especially on designing regional priority credits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Construction, Development and Management in the Built Environment)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 3416 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Myopia Archetypes Lead to Non-Sustainability

by Piero Mella^*

and Michela Pellicelli

Department of Economics and Management, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010021 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 7140

Abstract

Much of the literature on sustainability has tried to define the “virtuous behaviour” of “agents” (man and his social and economic organizations) so that it respects the “sustainability constraint.” This paper provides a “mirror-image” approach, based on the idea that it is above [...] Read more.

Much of the literature on sustainability has tried to define the “virtuous behaviour” of “agents” (man and his social and economic organizations) so that it respects the “sustainability constraint.” This paper provides a “mirror-image” approach, based on the idea that it is above all necessary to understand why men and organizations tend to develop, at times unconsciously and dishonestly, damaging behaviour that turns into non-sustainability. In other words, to orient man toward sustainable behaviour it is indispensable to understand the “reasons” for the behaviour that produces non-sustainable effects. Regarding sustainability problems, we shall introduce the hypothesis that non-sustainable behaviour is not irrational in an absolute sense but derives from the action of three connected “behavioural archetypes” that accurately describe the “natural” behaviour of individuals in pursuing their aims: behaving in a way that will provide evident short-term advantages, both individual and local, while ignoring the disadvantages and harm such behaviour produces in the long run, at the collective and global level. To solve the problem, we shall try to identify the “levers” that weaken the archetypes and reverse their effects, thereby requiring sacrifices which are unacceptable to some. The paper presents four emblematic cases of non-sustainable behaviour and demonstrates that sustainability must become a fundamental strategic driver. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management Strategies and Innovations for Sustainable Construction)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

0 pages, 14516 KiB

Open AccessArticle

RETRACTED: Modeling Spatial Distribution of Some Contamination within the Lower Reaches of Diyala River Using IDW Interpolation

by Huda M. Madhloom^1,2, Nadhir Al-Ansari^2,*

, Jan Laue² and Ali Chabuk^2,3

¹ Department of Civil Engineering, Al-Mustansiriayah University, Baghdad 1001, Iraq

² Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden

³ Department of Environment Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon 51002, Iraq

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010022 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5660 | Retraction

Abstract

The aim of this research was to simulate the water quality along the lower course of the Diyala River using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. For this purpose, the samples were taken at 24 sites along the study area. The parameters: total dissolved [...] Read more.

The aim of this research was to simulate the water quality along the lower course of the Diyala River using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. For this purpose, the samples were taken at 24 sites along the study area. The parameters: total dissolved solids (T.D.S), total suspended solids (T.S.S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn) were considered. Water samples were collected on a monthly basis for a duration of five years. The adopted analyzing approach was tested by calculating the mean absolute error (MAE) and the correlation coefficient (R) between observed water samples and predicted results. The result showed a percentage error less than 10% and significant correlation at R > 89% for all pollutant indicators. It was concluded that the accuracy of the applied model to simulate the river pollutants can decrease the number of monitoring station to 50%. Additionally, a distribution map for the concentrations’ results indicated that many of the major pollution indicators did not satisfy the river water quality standards. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 2052 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating the Comprehensive Benefit of Group-Affiliated New Energy Power Generation Enterprises for Sustainability: Based on a Combined Technique of STBI and TOPSIS

by Wenyin Yang, Lin Liu^* and Xiaobao Yu

School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010024 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4106

Abstract

As an efficient way to deal with the exhaustion of traditional fossil fuels, new energy power generation has obtained much attention from the Chinese Government. In this context, more and more new energy power generation groups that consist of large numbers of regional [...] Read more.

As an efficient way to deal with the exhaustion of traditional fossil fuels, new energy power generation has obtained much attention from the Chinese Government. In this context, more and more new energy power generation groups that consist of large numbers of regional enterprises have been founded and developed rapidly. However, researches related to comprehensive benefit evaluation of group-affiliated new energy power generation enterprises is still blank in China, which will hinder the benefit growth and sustainable development of such enterprises. A novel hybrid evaluation indicator system is proposed from both perspectives of sustainability and the internal management within the groups. Considering the preference information given on each of the indicators is featured by multi-source and multi-form, an evaluation framework to integrate the blended and complex evaluation information is designed. In addition, different from previous studies, this paper employs a combined technique of Stochastic Transformation for Blended Information (STBI) method and the Technique for Order Preference by Similar to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to simulate the evaluation process and rank the comprehensive benefit of evaluation objects. It can efficiently handle the comprehensive evaluation problems with blended and complex evaluation information and preserve the initial evaluation information to the utmost simultaneously. Finally, this paper applied the evaluation model to empirical research and the results show that the model meets the actual situation of the new energy power generation group and can provide a certain reference value. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 13955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Traditional Technological Approach and Social Technologies in the Brazilian Semiarid Region

by Letícia Wittlin Machado^* and Emilio Lèbre La Rovere

Institute for Research and Graduate Studies of Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro—PPE/COPPE/UFRJ, Centro de Tecnologia, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010025 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4297

Abstract

There are different technological approaches to deal with the social-ecological adversities found in the Brazilian Semiarid region (BSA). They vary according to the interpretation of what the roots of these adversities and the causes of the resulting vulnerability are. This paper analyses two [...] Read more.

There are different technological approaches to deal with the social-ecological adversities found in the Brazilian Semiarid region (BSA). They vary according to the interpretation of what the roots of these adversities and the causes of the resulting vulnerability are. This paper analyses two technological approaches to the BSA, the first provided by the government through public policies and the other driven by civil society. It focuses on the initiatives promoted by each approach during the 20th and 21st centuries, and discusses how they have enhanced or reduced the sustainability of the Brazilian Semiarid region. This assessment is based on document analysis, fieldwork and open/semi-structured interviews. The traditional technological approach did not reduce the social-ecological vulnerability of the BSA system or increase resilience of family farmers and of the deciduous forest, the most vulnerable parties. It has boosted development from a classical development perspective, promoting macro-infrastructure and growth, but also contributed to keep the same pattern of dependence of farmers. Social technologies have been promoting the BSA sustainability and can have a long-lasting impact if extensively applied. While the traditional approach mostly benefits large landowners, social technologies benefit family farmers, the deciduous forest and the entire social-ecological system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technology for Sustainable Development in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions)

▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

22 pages, 8747 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Groundwater Level Dynamics in Bengaluru City, India

by M. Sekhar¹, Sat Kumar Tomer²

, S. Thiyaku², P. Giriraj¹, Sanjeeva Murthy¹ and Vishal K. Mehta^3,*

¹ Department of Civil Engineering and Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India

² Aapah Innovations, Gachibowli 500032, Hyderabad, Telangana 50003, India

³ Stockholm Environment Institute, 400 F St, Davis, CA 95616, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010026 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 18138

Abstract

Groundwater accounts for half of Indian urban water use. However, little is known about its sustainability, because of inadequate monitoring and evaluation. We deployed a dense monitoring network in 154 locations in Bengaluru, India between 2015 and 2017. Groundwater levels collected at these [...] Read more.

Groundwater accounts for half of Indian urban water use. However, little is known about its sustainability, because of inadequate monitoring and evaluation. We deployed a dense monitoring network in 154 locations in Bengaluru, India between 2015 and 2017. Groundwater levels collected at these locations were analyzed to understand the behavior of the city’s groundwater system. At a local scale, groundwater behavior is non-classical, with valleys showing deeper groundwater than ridge-tops. We hypothesize that this is due to relatively less pumping compared to artificial recharge from leaking pipes and wastewater in the higher, city core areas, than in the rapidly growing, lower peripheral areas, where the converse is true. In the drought year of 2016, groundwater depletion was estimated at 27 mm, or 19 Mm³ over the study area. The data show that rainfall has the potential to replenish the aquifer. High rainfall during August–September 2017 led to a mean recharge of 67 mm, or 47 Mm³ for the study area. A rainfall recharge factor of 13.5% was estimated from the data for 2016. Sustainable groundwater management in Bengaluru must account for substantial spatial socio-hydrological heterogeneity. Continuous monitoring at high spatial density will be needed to inform evidence-based policy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in an Urbanizing World: The Role of People)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 379 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Reality of Encounters with Local Life in Other Cultures

by Jin-Young Kim

College of Hotel and Tourism Management, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010027 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4517

Abstract

Equipped with mobile technologies, travelers increasingly seek opportunities to encounter the real lives of the people residing in the focal destination. With this trend of pursuing local life experience, this study investigated how international visitors recognize the lives of people in the focal [...] Read more.

Equipped with mobile technologies, travelers increasingly seek opportunities to encounter the real lives of the people residing in the focal destination. With this trend of pursuing local life experience, this study investigated how international visitors recognize the lives of people in the focal destination, and whether this recognition is related to satisfaction. Reviews for Teheran’s Grand Bazaar from an online review site, Tripadvisor, showed that visitors’ local encounters were linked with favorable emotions (good, interesting, and worthwhile). To lend support to the contact hypothesis, which posits that intercultural experiences can lead to more favorable evaluations of the host community; the visitors who recognized direct and indirect encounters with local life indicated higher satisfaction. Even if brief, the experience of local life appeared to create more intimate feelings for the focal destination. Interestingly, the number of past travel experiences, which was captured by the number of reviews written by the reviewer, was found to have a negative association with satisfaction. We draw further implications for the travelers as well as the local community. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mobile Technology and Smart Tourism Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 5206 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Eco-Driving Effects in Non-Congested Cities

by Juan Francisco Coloma^1,*

, Marta García¹

, Yang Wang² and Andrés Monzón²

¹ Betancourt Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain

² Transport Research Centre, TRANSyT, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010028 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4782

Abstract

Despite technological advances in engines and fuels, the transportation sector is still one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gas (GHG). Driving patterns, including eco-driving techniques, are a complementary measure for saving GHG emissions. Most eco-driving studies so far have been conducted in [...] Read more.

Despite technological advances in engines and fuels, the transportation sector is still one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gas (GHG). Driving patterns, including eco-driving techniques, are a complementary measure for saving GHG emissions. Most eco-driving studies so far have been conducted in large cities suffering chronic congestion problems. The aim of this research is therefore to analyse the potential of driver behaviour for reducing emissions in a small non-congested city. Driver performance parameters such as travel speeds, number of stops, revolutions per minute, and maximum acceleration-deceleration are also studied. The methodology is designed to measure the effect of both eco-driving and eco-routing under real traffic conditions. A campaign was carried out in the city of Caceres (Spain) to collect data on various types of roads under different traffic conditions. This research concludes that eco-driving leads to CO₂ savings on all routes and road types of 17% in gasoline engines and 21% in diesel, although travel times are increased by 7.5% on average. The shortest route is also the most ecological, regardless of the traffic volume and characteristics, implying that consumption in non-congested cities depends mainly on distance travelled rather than driving patterns in terms of number of stops, speed and acceleration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Engineering and Science)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 814 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Farmers’ Pro-Ecological Intentions after Ecological Rehabilitation in a Fragile Environment Area: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

by Jian Deng^1,2,*, Wenhui Hao¹, Wei Zhang², Xinhui Han², Kaiyuan Li¹, Yongzhong Feng² and Gaihe Yang²

¹ College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China

² College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010029 - 23 Dec 2017

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4966

Abstract

Farmers’ pro-ecological intentions (PEI) after ecological rehabilitation are crucial to the sustainability of ecological conservation achievements and attract attention from policy-makers and managers. However, studies regarding multiple factors and their mechanism of influence on farmer's PEI are limited in fragile environmental areas. We [...] Read more.

Farmers’ pro-ecological intentions (PEI) after ecological rehabilitation are crucial to the sustainability of ecological conservation achievements and attract attention from policy-makers and managers. However, studies regarding multiple factors and their mechanism of influence on farmer's PEI are limited in fragile environmental areas. We conducted a household survey that measures the perceptions and attitudes, and the individual, demographic, and economic properties of 2025 farmers in the Loess Plateau of China. Results showed that only 28.74% of the respondents intended to apply the pro-ecological behavior after ecological restoration. The structural equation model reported a high explanatory power of 77.6% for farmers’ PEI. Farmers’ intentions to apply pro-ecological behaviors are jointly affected by various factors, with their perceptions and attitudes found to be the most influential factor and a vital link to other factors. Farmers’ individual, demographic, and economic factors also showed significant effects. Younger male farmers with higher education degrees, and better self-assessment of their abilities and perception of environmental improvement tend to state a greater intention to apply pro-ecological behaviors after the ecological rehabilitation. Results suggest that policy-makers and managers wanting to encourage farmers taking pro-ecological actions after ecological programs should value both enhancing farmers’ abilities to conserve ecological achievements and their perceptions of ecological benefits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

16 pages, 2237 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Future Water Use for Electricity Generation under Different Energy Development Scenarios in China

by Lu Lin^1,*

and Yongqin David Chen²

¹ Academy of Chinese Energy Strategy, China University of Petroleum—Beijing, Beijing 104429, China

² Department of Geography and Resource Management, and Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010030 - 23 Dec 2017

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5702

Abstract

Water scarcity and uneven water demand in regional electricity generation pose substantial challenges to the sustainable development of water resources and electricity production in China. Based on the latest official policy of China’s electricity development, i.e., the 13th Five-Year Plan of electricity development, [...] Read more.

Water scarcity and uneven water demand in regional electricity generation pose substantial challenges to the sustainable development of water resources and electricity production in China. Based on the latest official policy of China’s electricity development, i.e., the 13th Five-Year Plan of electricity development, this study quantified annual water withdrawal and consumption for future electricity generation in China from 2015 to 2030. This study simulated a three-prong approach to impacting water use for electricity development, i.e., updating the cooling technology mix, increasing non-thermal power generation and relocating thermal power plants to the west. The results showed that solutions to relieve water stress caused by electricity production entail major trade-offs. Annual water withdrawal and consumption were projected to exceed 63.75 and 8.30 billion m³ by 2030, up approximately 14% and 21% of those in 2015, respectively, if China does not implement any new water and energy policies. Replacing once-through cooling systems with closed-loop cooling systems would decrease national water withdrawal remarkably but increase water consumption. The west-centered spatial distribution of thermoelectric power generation would reduce water use at the national level; however, it will largely increase water stress in northern and northwestern China. Thus, relieving the stress of growing electricity demand on water resources in China requires comprehensive measures and quantitative estimates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power Systems Research)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2103 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating How the Rents of Small Urban Houses are Determined: Using Spatial Hedonic Modeling for Urban Residential Housing in Seoul

by Jaewoong Won¹ and Jae-Su Lee^2,*

¹ Department of Real Estate, Graduate School of Tourism, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea

² Department of Real Estate, College of Social Sciences, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010031 - 23 Dec 2017

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5221

Abstract

The Seoul metropolitan government has launched the Urban Residential Housing (URH) program to address the shortage of small urban houses, and enhance residential stability for the increasing number of one- and two-person households in Seoul, Korea. While studies have examined the price premium [...] Read more.

The Seoul metropolitan government has launched the Urban Residential Housing (URH) program to address the shortage of small urban houses, and enhance residential stability for the increasing number of one- and two-person households in Seoul, Korea. While studies have examined the price premium of locational and neighborhood environmental features for houses in general, little is known about how and to what extent these features influence the rents of small urban houses. We estimate and compare conventional and spatial hedonic price models (HPMs) to examine the effects of those features on the monthly rents of URH units, while using geographic information system techniques to measure the variables. We found that the spatial HPM outperforms the conventional HPM in terms of goodness of fit measures. All of the locational features, and most of the variables with respect to the neighborhood environment, had a significant impact on rents. Rent tended to be lower in areas adjacent to a university, suggesting that it is a good place for one and two-person households to enhance residential affordability. However, access to parks does not appear to be important for residents. We conclude that the people who live in small urban houses are inclined to place a premium on rents in different ways. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Construction, Development and Management in the Built Environment)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 6564 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Variation Trend Analysis of Runoff and Sediment Time Series Based on the R/S Analysis of Simulated Loess Tilled Slopes in the Loess Plateau, China

by Ju Zhang, Qingwu Hu

, Shaohua Wang^* and Mingyao Ai

School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, No. 129, Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010032 - 27 Dec 2017

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4446

Abstract

The objective of this study was to illustrate the temporal variation of runoff and sediment of loess tilled slopes under successive rainfall conditions. Loess tilled slopes with four microtopography types (straight cultivated slope, artificial backhoe, artificial digging, and contour tillage) under five slope [...] Read more.

The objective of this study was to illustrate the temporal variation of runoff and sediment of loess tilled slopes under successive rainfall conditions. Loess tilled slopes with four microtopography types (straight cultivated slope, artificial backhoe, artificial digging, and contour tillage) under five slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°) were simulated and a rainfall intensity of 60 mm/h was adopted. The temporal trends of runoff and sediment yield were predicted based on the Rescaled Range (R/S) analysis method. The results indicate that the Hurst indices of runoff time series and sediment time series are higher than 0.5, and a long-term positive correlation exists between the future and the past. This means that runoff and sediment of loess tilled slopes in the future will have the same trends as in the past. The results obtained by the classical R/S analysis method were the same as those of the modified R/S analysis method. The rationality and reliability of the R/S analysis method were further identified and the method can be used for predicting the trend of runoff and sediment yield. The correlation between the microtopography and the Hurst indices of the runoff and sediment yield time series, as well as between the slopes and the Hurst indices, were tested, and the result was that there was no significant correlation between them. The microtopography and slopes cannot affect the correlation and continuity of runoff and sediment yield time series. This study provides an effective method for predicting variations in the trends of runoff and sediment yield on loess tilled slopes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 951 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Critical Factors Influencing Business Model Innovation for Sustainable Buildings

by Xiaojing Zhao¹, Tengyuan Chang^2,*, Bon-Gang Hwang¹ and Xiaopeng Deng²

¹ Department of Building, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Drive, Singapore 117566, Singapore

² School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Si Pai Lou, Nanjing 210096, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010033 - 23 Dec 2017

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 6394

Abstract

Despite significant policy drives, the wide adoption of sustainable building (SB) is hindered by factors such as high upfront cost and long payback period. Business model (BM) innovation is therefore highly demanded to help SB professionals to cope with the challenges and convert [...] Read more.

Despite significant policy drives, the wide adoption of sustainable building (SB) is hindered by factors such as high upfront cost and long payback period. Business model (BM) innovation is therefore highly demanded to help SB professionals to cope with the challenges and convert the value of SB into profit. Nevertheless, few studies examined BM innovation in the building sector and factors influencing BM innovation for SB are unclear. This paper aims to identify the critical factors that propel companies to innovate BM for SB. First, a literature review and expert interviews were conducted to identify and filter the drivers for BM innovation within the SB context. Second, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on the significance of the selected influencing factors from 132 SB professionals. Finally, a model based on fuzzy set theory was used to ascertain the critical factors influencing BM innovation for SB. Twenty-four critical influencing factors in six categories from the external environment and internal organization were finalized, namely, market and economic, policy and legislation, technology and industry structure, social-culture, entrepreneurship, and organizational learning. The findings illuminate the motivations when developing BM for sustainability and provide strategies on BM innovation for practitioners and policy makers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Construction, Development and Management in the Built Environment)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3716 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Early Forecasting of Rice Blast Disease Using Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks

by Yangseon Kim¹, Jae-Hwan Roh¹ and Ha Young Kim^2,3,*

¹ Crop Cultivation & Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Suwon 441-853, Korea

² Department of Financial Engineering, Ajou University, Worldcupro 206, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea

³ Department of Data Science, Ajou University, Worldcupro 206, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010034 - 23 Dec 2017

Cited by 70 | Viewed by 8025

Abstract

Among all diseases affecting rice production, rice blast disease has the greatest impact. Thus, monitoring and precise prediction of the occurrence of this disease are important; early prediction of the disease would be especially helpful for prevention. Here, we propose an artificial-intelligence-based model [...] Read more.

Among all diseases affecting rice production, rice blast disease has the greatest impact. Thus, monitoring and precise prediction of the occurrence of this disease are important; early prediction of the disease would be especially helpful for prevention. Here, we propose an artificial-intelligence-based model for rice blast disease prediction. Historical data on rice blast occurrence in representative areas of rice production in South Korea and historical climatic data are used to develop a region-specific model for three different regions: Cheolwon, Icheon and Milyang. A rice blast incidence is then predicted a year in advance using long-term memory networks (LSTMs). The predictive performance of the proposed LSTM model is evaluated by varying the input variables (i.e., rice blast disease scores, air temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours). The most widely cultivated rice varieties are also selected and the prediction results for those varieties are analyzed. Application of the LSTM model to the accumulated rice-blast disease score data confirms successful prediction of rice blast incidence. In all regions, the predictions are most accurate when all four input variables are combined. Rice blast fungus prediction using the proposed LSTM model is variety-based; therefore, this model will be more helpful for rice breeders and rice blast researchers than conventional rice blast prediction models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2812 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Water Efficient Alternative Crops for Sustainable Agriculture along the Tarim Basin: A Comparison of the Economic Potentials of Apocynum pictum, Chinese Red Date and Cotton in Xinjiang, China

by Aihemaitijiang Rouzi^1,2, Ümüt Halik^2,3,*

, Niels Thevs⁴, Martin Welp⁵ and Tayierjiang Aishan⁶

¹ Ecology Postdoc Research Station, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

² Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China

³ College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

⁴ World Agroforestry Center & University of Central Asia, 138 Toktogol Street, Bishkek 720001, Kyrgyzstan

⁵ Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, University of Applied Sciences, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany

⁶ Institute of Arid Ecology & Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010035 - 24 Dec 2017

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 7341

Abstract

This study explores a paradigm of sustainable land use in the oases along the Tarim River of northwest China, where a fragile, semi-arid riparian ecosystem is being damaged by excessive land and water use for agriculture, especially for the growing of cotton. The [...] Read more.

This study explores a paradigm of sustainable land use in the oases along the Tarim River of northwest China, where a fragile, semi-arid riparian ecosystem is being damaged by excessive land and water use for agriculture, especially for the growing of cotton. The reliance of agriculture on water-demanding cash crops in this region poses a grave threat to survival of the natural Tugai vegetation in the area and to the long-term sustainability of the region. We explored the hypothesis that the species Apocynum pictum (A. pictum), known as Lop-Kendir by locals, and the Chinese red date (Zyzyphus jujube) may act as sustainable crop substitutes for the region, thereby replacing the widely distributed cash crop of cotton that has high water demands. Therefore, we investigated current utilization and cost-revenue structure of these two alternative plants and compared the results to cotton. Three natural resource management types of A. pictum were both identified in the wild and cultivation, with cost-revenue analysis carried out for each. The results show that all three types of institutional arrangements of natural resources, which are namely open access, ranching and farming, were present in our study and at various levels for A. pictum. A. pictum farming costs 16,250.25 yuan/ha, generates 49,014.45 yuan/ha of revenue from raw materials and brings a profit of 32,764.2 yuan/ha, which is the highest of all three cash crops compared. The Chinese government encourages Chinese red date plantations with a “Grain for green” campaign in the Tarim Basin with this plant being more profitable than cotton, which could serve to diversify the region’s agriculture. We conclude that A. pictum offers opportunities for the restoration of vegetation in riparian ecosystems on salinized sites under the arid conditions of the Tarim Basin. Furthermore, it can serve as a viable land-use alternative to cotton for cash crop agriculture, as it may generate a certain income in the form of tea and fibers as well as fodder for livestock. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1394 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Valuing Urban Landscape Using Subjective Well-Being Data: Empirical Evidence from Dalian, China

by Erda Wang¹, Nannan Kang^1,* and Yang Yu²

¹ Faculty of Management and Economics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China

² School of Economics and management, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010036 - 24 Dec 2017

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4664

Abstract

It has been well recognized that the urban landscape ecosystem is able to make a great contribution to the quality of life for people who live in the city and beyond, thus it can potentially accrue a significant economic value to the human [...] Read more.

It has been well recognized that the urban landscape ecosystem is able to make a great contribution to the quality of life for people who live in the city and beyond, thus it can potentially accrue a significant economic value to the human well-being. However, due to its public good nature, it is difficult to monetizing its values in a systematic manner. In this paper, we attempt to assess the economic value of the urban landscape through people’s life satisfaction approach utilizing a large sample of dataset complied from the general public survey in Dalian City which is one of the well-known tourism cities in China. The results indicate that most of the urban landscape attributes impose significant effects on people’s life satisfaction, thus accruing a considerable amount of value to the local residents. Taking a 10-point ranking scale for the urban landscape quality as an example, the household willingness to pay on average reaches ¥24,579 per annum for one point of ranking level increase. Relative to the low level of household income, those high-income households are much keener to the changes of the landscape quality. If the urban landscape quality is disaggregated into five levels, household’s marginal willingness-to-pay diminishes as the urban landscape’s rank level is improved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Defining and Assessing Landscape and Urban Sustainability: Linking Spatial Patterns, Ecosystems Services, and Human Wellbeing)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2107 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How to Evaluate Smart Cities’ Construction? A Comparison of Chinese Smart City Evaluation Methods Based on PSF

by Hongbo Shi¹, Sang-Bing Tsai²

, Xiaowei Lin¹ and Tianyi Zhang^1,*

¹ School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China

² Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010037 - 25 Dec 2017

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 6565

Abstract

With the rapid development of smart cities in the world, research relating to smart city evaluation has become a new research hotspot in academia. However, there are general problems of cognitive deprivation, lack of planning experience, and low level of coordination in smart [...] Read more.

With the rapid development of smart cities in the world, research relating to smart city evaluation has become a new research hotspot in academia. However, there are general problems of cognitive deprivation, lack of planning experience, and low level of coordination in smart cities construction. It is necessary for us to develop a set of scientific, reasonable, and effective evaluation index systems and evaluation models to analyze the development degree of urban wisdom. Based on the theory of the urban system, we established a comprehensive evaluation index system for urban intelligent development based on the people-oriented, city-system, and resources-flow (PSF) evaluation model. According to the characteristics of the comprehensive evaluation index system of urban intelligent development, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with the experts’ opinions determine the index weight of this system. We adopted the neural network model to construct the corresponding comprehensive evaluation model to characterize the non-linear characteristics of the comprehensive evaluation indexes system, thus to quantitatively quantify the comprehensive evaluation indexes of urban intelligent development. Finally, we used the AHP, AHP-BP (Back Propagation), and AHP-ELM (Extreme Learning Machine) models to evaluate the intelligent development level of 151 cities in China, and compared them from the perspective of model accuracy and time cost. The final simulation results show that the AHP-ELM model is the best evaluation model. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 907 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Green and Blue Water Footprints in the Supply Chain of Cocoa Production: A Case Study in the Northeast of Colombia

by Carlos Andrés Naranjo-Merino¹, Oscar Orlando Ortíz-Rodriguez^2,* and Raquel A. Villamizar-G³

¹ Gaia Servicios Ambientales. Cll 32b sur-47-06, Envigado 050001, Antioquia, Colombia

² Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Pamplona, Km 1 Bucaramanga, Campus Universitario, Pamplona 760032, Norte de Santander, Colombia

³ Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Pamplona, Km 1 Bucaramanga, Campus Universitario, Pamplona 760032, Norte de Santander, Colombia

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010038 - 25 Dec 2017

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 7256

Abstract

Cocoa is an important commercial crop in the tropics, and estimating the water footprint to target areas of improvement is a worthwhile effort. The main goal of this paper was to assess the regional green and blue water footprints (WF) of cocoa ( [...] Read more.

Cocoa is an important commercial crop in the tropics, and estimating the water footprint to target areas of improvement is a worthwhile effort. The main goal of this paper was to assess the regional green and blue water footprints (WF) of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) production in the department of Norte de Santander, Colombia. Water footprint assessment was based on the Water Footprint Assessment Manual. The results show that the green water footprint was about 13,189 m³/ton, and the blue water footprint was 5687 m³/ton. The WF proposed method can be a good approximation for the uses of water for different crops, but weather conditions and hydrological modeling must be considered in extreme conditions, which would permit a much more detailed analysis for a region. This study allowed us to provide data on the cocoa water footprint, principally concentrating on elevated grain production in the department of Norte de Santander, Colombia. In addition, some of these results may positively contribute to water resource management improvement, especially regarding food security and water scarcity, both at the local and national levels. Therefore, the cocoa production process was analyzed from agronomic practices in settled crops, through the primary processing of the grain, to the procedures of grain selection and packaging. Thus, taking into consideration that most cocoa crops produced in Colombia are not irrigated, it is possible to implement productivity enhancement programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Footprint in Supply Chain Management)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1632 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Innovation Ecosystem of CNG Vehicles: A Case Study of Its Cultivation and Characteristics in Sichuan, China

by Ling Ding^1,2 and Jinxi Wu^2,*

¹ Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Commerce, Beijing 100710, China

² School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010039 - 25 Dec 2017

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 6972

Abstract

Under the constraints of resources and environment, China is eager to cultivate a new industrial system with ecological characteristics in light of local circumstances. This paper selects the innovation ecosystem of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicles in Sichuan, China as the objective of [...] Read more.

Under the constraints of resources and environment, China is eager to cultivate a new industrial system with ecological characteristics in light of local circumstances. This paper selects the innovation ecosystem of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicles in Sichuan, China as the objective of the case study to explore its cultivation and characteristics. The theoretical significance lies in three areas. Firstly, the cultivation path of the CNG vehicle innovation ecosystem is manifested. Secondly, the symbiotic process model among the communities within the CNG vehicle innovation ecosystem is found. Thirdly, the substitutive process model of the CNG vehicle innovation ecosystem is discovered, which reveals the substitutability among innovation ecosystems, the communities of similar products, and the enterprises of similar products. This paper is of theoretical, practical, and political significance for the development of a CNG vehicle innovation ecosystem in emerging markets in terms of regional energy security and emission reduction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Economic Growth: Combining Technology, Market and Society)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 666 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Diffusion Effect of MSW Recycling

by Yi-Tui Chen^1,*, Fu-Chiang Yang² and Shih-Heng Yu^3,*

¹ Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 108, Taiwan

² Department of Business Administration, HungKuo Delin University of Technology, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan

³ Department of Business Administration, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010040 - 25 Dec 2017

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5805

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to compare the recycling performance for some waste fractions selected including food waste, bulk waste, paper, metal products, plastics/rubber and glass products and then to develop some directions for the future improvements. The priority of each waste [...] Read more.

The purpose of this paper is to compare the recycling performance for some waste fractions selected including food waste, bulk waste, paper, metal products, plastics/rubber and glass products and then to develop some directions for the future improvements. The priority of each waste fraction for recycling is also analyzed by using an importance-performance analysis. Traditionally, the recycling rate that is calculated by the ratio of waste recycled to waste collected is used as an indicator to measure recycling performance. Due to a large variation among waste fractions in municipal solid waste (MSW), the recycling rate cannot reflect the actual recycling performance. The ceiling of recycling rate for each waste fraction estimated from the diffusion models is incorporated into a model to calculate recycling performance. The results show that (1) the diffusion effect exists significantly for the recycling of most recyclables but no evidence is found to support the diffusion effect for the recycling of food waste and bulk waste; (2) the recycling performance of waste metal products ranks the top, compared to waste paper, waste glass and other waste fractions; (3) furthermore, an importance-performance analysis (IPA) is employed to analyze the priority of recycling programs and thus this paper suggests that the recycling of food waste should be seen as the most priority item to recycle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Trends in Municipal Solid Waste Management)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2953 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating Grid Size Suitability of Population Distribution Data via Improved ALV Method: A Case Study in Anhui Province, China

by Dong Huang^1,2

, Xiaohuan Yang^1,2,*, Nan Dong³ and Hongyan Cai¹

¹ State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China

² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

³ CIGIS (CHINA) LIMITED, Beijing 100007, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010041 - 25 Dec 2017

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3712

Abstract

Accurate grid size suitability evaluations are necessary to enhance the spatialization quality of gridded population distributions. This paper proposes an improved average local variance (ALV) method to express discrepancies in population density and was validated in Anhui Province, China. A dataset consisting of [...] Read more.

Accurate grid size suitability evaluations are necessary to enhance the spatialization quality of gridded population distributions. This paper proposes an improved average local variance (ALV) method to express discrepancies in population density and was validated in Anhui Province, China. A dataset consisting of 14 spatial scales, from 100 m to 900 m, and 1000 m to 5000 m, was processed by both the proposed and traditional ALV methods. Line graphs of two sets of ALV values and grid sizes were comparatively analyzed to evaluate the grid size suitability. The ALV trends calculated by the proposed method encompassed more accurate and useful features compared to the traditional method. The case study results showed that the 200 m grid size accurately expresses the population distribution characteristics of Anhui Province. The standard deviation (SD) index was adopted to validate these results; the proposed ALV method was proven valuable both in theory and practice for assessing grid size suitability. The method may be further improved by determining the essential laws of ALV values based on grid characteristics, and by enhancing the adaptability to various locations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 3040 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainability Formation of Machine Cells in Group Technology Systems Using Modified Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

by Adinarayanan Arunagiri^1,*, Uthayakumar Marimuthu², Prabhakaran Gopalakrishnan³, Adam Slota⁴, Jerzy Zajac⁴ and Maheandera Prabu Paulraj⁵

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaanish Ahmed College of Engineering, Chennai 601301, India

² Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankovil 626126, India

³ Department of Mechanical Engineering, KCG College of Technology, Chennai 600097, India

⁴ Institute of Production Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Krakow, Poland

⁵ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010042 - 28 Dec 2017

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3520

Abstract

The efficiency and sustainability of a cellular manufacturing system (CMS) in batch type manufacturing is highly valued. This is done using a systematic method of equipment into machine cells, and components into part families, based on the suitable similar criteria. The present work [...] Read more.

The efficiency and sustainability of a cellular manufacturing system (CMS) in batch type manufacturing is highly valued. This is done using a systematic method of equipment into machine cells, and components into part families, based on the suitable similar criteria. The present work discusses the cell formation problem, with the objective of minimizing the cumulative cell load variation and cumulative intercellular moves. The quantity of parts, operation sequences, processing time, capacity of machines, and workload of machineries were considered as parameters. For the grouping of equipment, the modified artificial bee colony (MABC) algorithm is considered. The computational procedure of this approach is explained by using up to 40 machines and 100 part types. The result obtained from MABC is compared with the findings acquired from the genetic algorithm (GA) and ant colony system (ACS) in the literature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Engineering and Science)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2347 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Model to Measure Tourist Preference toward Scenic Spots Based on Social Media Data: A Case of Dapeng in China

by Yao Sun^1,2, Hang Ma^1,* and Edwin H. W. Chan²

¹ School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China

² Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010043 - 26 Dec 2017

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 5755

Abstract

Research on tourist preference toward different tourism destinations has been a hot topic for decades in the field of tourism development. Tourist preference is mostly measured with small group opinion-based methods through introducing indicator systems in previous studies. In the digital age, e-tourism [...] Read more.

Research on tourist preference toward different tourism destinations has been a hot topic for decades in the field of tourism development. Tourist preference is mostly measured with small group opinion-based methods through introducing indicator systems in previous studies. In the digital age, e-tourism makes it possible to collect huge volumes of social data produced by tourists from the internet, to establish a new way of measuring tourist preference toward a close group of tourism destinations. This paper introduces a new model using social media data to quantitatively measure the market trend of a group of scenic spots from the angle of tourists’ demand, using three attributes: tourist sentiment orientation, present tourist market shares, and potential tourist awareness. Through data mining, cleaning, and analyzing with the framework of Machine Learning, the relative tourist preference toward 34 scenic spots closely located in the Dapeng Peninsula is calculated. The results not only provide a reliable “A-rating” system to gauge the popularity of different scenic spots, but also contribute an innovative measuring model to support scenic spots planning and policy making in the regional context. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2015 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Theoretical Analysis on the Short-Circuit Current of Inverter-Interfaced Renewable Energy Generators with Fault-Ride-Through Capability

by Sumei Liu^1,*, Tianshu Bi² and Yanlin Liu³

¹ The School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

² State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing 102206, China

³ State Grid Xinzhou Power Supply Company, Xinzhou 034000, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010044 - 25 Dec 2017

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 6081

Abstract

Renewable energy generators (REGs) usually employ power electronic devices for connecting with the grid, which makes their fault characteristics completely different from those of conventional synchronous generators. In the existing studies, the simulation methods are mainly adopted to analyze fault current contribution from [...] Read more.

Renewable energy generators (REGs) usually employ power electronic devices for connecting with the grid, which makes their fault characteristics completely different from those of conventional synchronous generators. In the existing studies, the simulation methods are mainly adopted to analyze fault current contribution from REG. As a result, the explanations on the fault current show diversity and cannot reach a recognized standard. The REGs’ mathematical model in relay-setting calculations is unknown. Thus, this paper theoretically analyses the fault current characteristics of inverter-interfaced REGs (IIREGs) with fault-ride-through (FRT) ability. In order to understand the fault current characteristics, the FRT control strategy for IIREGs is firstly studied. Then the characteristics of high-frequency and fundamental-frequency fault currents from IIREGs are theoretically analyzed after and during the faults. The affecting factors and duration time of different frequency fault currents are, respectively, revealed. Further, the mathematical expression of fundamental fault currents from IIREGs are derived and verified based on the experimental test bench. The results can be used in estimating the IIREGs’ fault contributions and developing the fault calculation model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power Systems Research)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 275 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investment Promotion, Fiscal Competition and Economic Growth Sustainability

by Bin Wu^*

, Xuefei Xu and Zhenzhong Feng

School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010045 - 2 Jan 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3024

Abstract

Local governments in China build development zones to attract investment. We develop a model of fiscal competition to examine investment promotion under centralization and decentralization. Our study shows that even when perfect information is not available, under the condition of an indivisible investment, [...] Read more.

Local governments in China build development zones to attract investment. We develop a model of fiscal competition to examine investment promotion under centralization and decentralization. Our study shows that even when perfect information is not available, under the condition of an indivisible investment, a central government achieves the optimal investment in development zones and the best tax ratio for maximizing total welfare, whereas decentralized decision-making easily results in infrastructure overinvestment and tax erosion, which does harm to economic growth sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

24 pages, 1673 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Value Creation Mechanism of Social Enterprises in Manufacturing Industry: Empirical Evidence from Korea

by Hosung Son¹, Joosung Lee² and Yanghon Chung^1,*

¹ School of Business and Technology Management, College of Business, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Gwahak-ro 335, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea

² Management of Innovation Program, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Techno Jungang-daero 333, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010046 - 25 Dec 2017

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 6280

Abstract

A variety of social enterprises (SEs) have recently emerged in many different countries in an effort to resolve diverse social problems. However, the value creation mechanism of SEs has not yet been disclosed. The purpose of this study is to reveal the value [...] Read more.

A variety of social enterprises (SEs) have recently emerged in many different countries in an effort to resolve diverse social problems. However, the value creation mechanism of SEs has not yet been disclosed. The purpose of this study is to reveal the value creation mechanism of SEs in manufacturing industry. To do so, we verify the role of social entrepreneurship and examine the effects of product innovation attributes and social capital on social value creation and financial performance by using structural equation modelling. Then, we conduct interviews with six experts in SE fields. According to the results of empirical study, the social entrepreneurship works as an antecedent of product innovation and social capital in SEs and the degrees of products’ simplicity, usability and standardization positively affect the social value creation of SEs. In addition, the social value creation works as a complete mediator between the product innovation of SEs and their financial performance. The interviews suggest policy implications for successful social value creation and sustainability of SEs. This research contributes towards further studies on innovation of SEs and provides social entrepreneurs with guidelines in planning their innovation strategy or developing their products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Young Companies–Contemporary Trends and Challenges)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 5253 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Scale Effects of Water Saving on Irrigation Efficiency: Case Study of a Rice-Based Groundwater Irrigation System on the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

by Haorui Chen^1,2,3

, Zhanyi Gao¹, Wenzhi Zeng^3,*

, Jing Liu¹, Xiao Tan³, Songjun Han^1,2, Shaoli Wang^1,2, Yongqing Zhao⁴ and Chengkun Yu⁵

¹ State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China

² National Center for Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research-Beijing, Beijing 100048, China

³ State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

⁴ Jiansanjiang Water Administration Bureau, Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Bureau, Fujing 156399, China

⁵ Qianjin Water Administration Bureau, Qianjin Farm, Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Bureau, Fujing 156331, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010047 - 25 Dec 2017

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4980

Abstract

This research analyzed the scale effect of water saving in Bielahonghe (BLH) Basin, a rice-cultivating district on the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. Water budgets with different surface irrigation water supply ratios and water-saving measures were simulated with a semi-distributed water balance model. PF [...] Read more.

This research analyzed the scale effect of water saving in Bielahonghe (BLH) Basin, a rice-cultivating district on the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. Water budgets with different surface irrigation water supply ratios and water-saving measures were simulated with a semi-distributed water balance model. PF_nws, representing the ratio of rice evapotranspiration to net water supply (the total amount of irrigation and precipitation minus the amount of water reused), was employed to assess the water use efficiency. Seven spatial scales (noted from S1 to S7), ranging from a single field (317.87 ha) to the whole basin (about 100,800 ha) were determined. PF_nws values were quantified across scales and several water-saving measures, including water-saving irrigation regimes, canal lining, and a reduction of the surface water supply ratio (SWSR). The results indicated that PF_nws increased with scale and could be calculated by a fitted power function (PF_nws = 0.736Area^0.033, R² = 0.58). Furthermore, PF_nws increased most prominently when the scale increased from S1 to S2. The water-saving irrigation regime (WSIR) had the most substantial water-saving effect (WSE) at S1. Specifically, PF_nws improved by 21.2% at S1 when high-intensity WSIR was applied. Additionally, the WSE values of S3 and S5 were slightly higher than at other scales when the branch canal water delivery coefficient increased from 0.65 to 0.80 through canal lining. Furthermore, the PF_nws at each scale varied with SWSR. Specifically, PF_nws from S3 to S7 improved as SWSR decreased from 0.4 to 0.3 but remained approximately constant when SWSR decreased from 0.3 to 0. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Irrigation for the Future: Addressing the Challenges to Improved Water Use Efficiency)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 6926 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Urban Regeneration and the Search for Identity in Historic Cities

by Djamel Boussaa

Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha 999043, Qatar

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010048 - 26 Dec 2017

Cited by 79 | Viewed by 14538

Abstract

In the face of rapid economic development, population growth, people increasing needs and changing lifestyles, most historic centers in the Gulf have experienced problems in making the necessary adjustment and adaptation to the present needs and changes. This paper examines the role of [...] Read more.

In the face of rapid economic development, population growth, people increasing needs and changing lifestyles, most historic centers in the Gulf have experienced problems in making the necessary adjustment and adaptation to the present needs and changes. This paper examines the role of urban regeneration in revitalizing redundant historic areas and how they can be used to reinforce their cities urban identities. This study is based on the case study approach by focusing on the urban regeneration of Msheireb in old Doha, Qatar. Since the project is not yet completed, this paper will focus on the physical aspects of urban identity rather than its social dimensions. The empirical investigation used a comprehensive fieldwork undertaken through several site visits. This paper argues that one way of rediscovering the urban identity of the city of Doha is to go back to its first roots and try to sustain them in face of the emerging global environments. Through the Msheireb urban regeneration project, this paper explores a new experience in Qatar and the Gulf in creating a new urban identity inspired from the past. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 228 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evolution of a Development Model for Fruit Industry against Background of an Aging Population: Intensive or Extensive Adjustment?

by Bin Yuan, Jintao Zhan and Chao Chen^*

College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010049 - 26 Dec 2017

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3449

Abstract

As an important starting point for optimizing the structure of agricultural products and implementing green production methods, the direction of orchard management development is directly related to the success of “supply side” reform in the fruit industry in China. However, in the context [...] Read more.

As an important starting point for optimizing the structure of agricultural products and implementing green production methods, the direction of orchard management development is directly related to the success of “supply side” reform in the fruit industry in China. However, in the context of the progressive aging of the rural labor force, is the old labor force still capable of the high labor intensity and fine cultivation management needed, such as for pruning, or to maintain or improve the application efficiency of fertilizers? In this paper, based on the micro-production data of peach farmers in Jiangsu Province, we explore the influence of aging on the management of fruit trees and further introduce fruit tree management into the production function to analyze the effects of different orchard management methods on fertilizer efficiency. The results show that with the increase of labor force age, although the total labor investment of aged farmer households has somewhat increased, significant differences exist in the distribution of labor investment between the different production processes due to the different labor demands from the various production processes. In technical stages that demand good physical capabilities, such as pruning and flower/fruit thinning, elderly farmers have significantly reduced labor investment than younger ones, and this relative shortfall further reduces the marginal output of their chemical and organic fertilizers. Foreseeably, the aging of the rural labor force will have a negative impact on the efficiency of chemical and other fertilizers, cost-cutting, and profit-making in the fruit and nut industries, which have the same management methods for pruning and flower (fruit) thinning. Therefore, this paper offers relevant policy recommendations for the optimization of production tools, expansion of operation scale, and development of socialized services for the fruit industry, etc. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agribusiness and Agri-food Prospects)

12 pages, 1135 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Implications of Switching Fossil Fuel Subsidies to Solar: A Case Study for the European Union

by Jon Sampedro^1,*

, Iñaki Arto¹

and Mikel González-Eguino^1,2

¹ Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), 48940 Leioa, Spain

² Department of Foundations of Economic Analysis, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Bilbao, Spain

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010050 - 26 Dec 2017

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 7140

Abstract

Fossil fuel subsidies (FFS) constitute one of the most obvious barriers to tackling climate change, as they encourage inefficient energy consumption and divert investment away from clean energy sources. According to the International Monetary Fund, FFS amounted globally to $233 billion in 2014, [...] Read more.

Fossil fuel subsidies (FFS) constitute one of the most obvious barriers to tackling climate change, as they encourage inefficient energy consumption and divert investment away from clean energy sources. According to the International Monetary Fund, FFS amounted globally to $233 billion in 2014, over four times the value of subsidies awarded to promote renewable energy. In this study an integrated assessment model is used to analyse the CO₂ implications in the European Union of eliminating FFS and recycling the revenues to promote rooftop PV. It is found that eliminating FFS would give rise to a small reduction in CO₂ due to fuel-switching from coal to gas. If the revenues were recycled to promote solar, then the CO₂ reduction would increase from 1.8% to 2.2% by 2030. Eliminating FFS is not a panacea from the mitigation point of view, even if the revenues are recycled, but other important objectives, such as those related to renewable energy promotion and the reduction of air pollution, are advanced at zero cost for the government. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 2256 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Resource Sharing Mechanism for Sustainable Production in the Garment Industry

by Ke Ma^1,2,3,4, Lichuan Wang^1,* and Yan Chen¹

¹ Department of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China

² GEnie des Matériaux TEXtile (GEMTEX), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Industries Textiles (ENSAIT), 59100 Roubaix, France

³ Department of Business Administration and Textile Management, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden

⁴ Department of Automation and Computer engineering, University of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010052 - 26 Dec 2017

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6197

Abstract

With the development of mass customization, the traditional garment production model needs to be optimized to have a more sustainable structure. To meet demand for flexibility, low-cost, and high-efficiency, an innovative resource sharing mechanism was proposed in this paper to form a new [...] Read more.

With the development of mass customization, the traditional garment production model needs to be optimized to have a more sustainable structure. To meet demand for flexibility, low-cost, and high-efficiency, an innovative resource sharing mechanism was proposed in this paper to form a new sustainable type of garment production. Different from the individual production in traditional models, the new mechanism involves resources being shared among various manufacturers. The tradeoff between positive and negative effects of the proposed mechanism is a key issue for sustainable production. In the present study, an overall sustainable index, integrating four production performance indicators, was defined on the basis of an Analytical Network Process to assess various production scenarios. According to the discrete-event simulation results of the different scenarios, we found that garment manufacturers could obtain comprehensive improvements in sustainable production by implementing the proposed resource sharing mechanism under the threshold of an increasing production failure rate. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 987 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tourism as an Approach to Sustainable Rural Development in Post-Socialist Countries: A Comparative Study of Serbia and Slovenia

by Marko D. Petrović^1,2,*, Aleksandra Vujko³

, Tamara Gajić³, Darko B. Vuković^1,4

, Milan Radovanović^1,2, Jasmina M. Jovanović⁵ and Natalia Vuković⁶

¹ Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA, Djure Jakšića 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

² Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 76 Lenin Avenue, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia

³ Novi Sad Business School, Vladimira Perića Valtera 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

⁴ Department for Finance, St. Petersburg School of Economics and Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Kantemirovskaya St. 3A, Office 331, Sankt Petersburg 194100, Russia

⁵ Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3/III, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

⁶ Graduate School of Economics and Management, The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010054 - 28 Dec 2017

Cited by 71 | Viewed by 9284

Abstract

The research deals with the sustainable development of the Serbian and Slovenian countryside, under the influence of tourism progress. The article identifies the main rural tourism competitiveness in Serbia and Slovenia, as one of the essential factors of rural development in both countries, [...] Read more.

The research deals with the sustainable development of the Serbian and Slovenian countryside, under the influence of tourism progress. The article identifies the main rural tourism competitiveness in Serbia and Slovenia, as one of the essential factors of rural development in both countries, analyzing the main contributions and making a series of proposals to guide the future research agenda. The aim of the paper is to clarify around one obviously defined objective—to point out the competitiveness of sustainable rural tourism in typical post-socialist settings. The data for this study were collected using the Integrated Model of Destination Competitiveness to observe Serbian and Slovenian competitiveness in tourism. Determinants were assessed using a survey evaluating four demanding factors and 20 supporting factors, based upon a five-point Likert Scale. The results indicated that the friendliness of residents towards visitors, easy communication between them, together with quality of infrastructure and health facilities show the highest level of statistical correlation. These are the main propositions to start an initiative for the authorities in local communities to actively participate in sustainable rural development. The findings provide tourism stakeholders with relevant respondents’ perceptions pertaining to the tourism development in non-urban areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Ecology and Forest Management)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 743 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impacts of Power Structure on Sustainable Supply Chain Management

by Zhi Li, Yangyang Xu, Fumin Deng and Xuedong Liang^*

Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010055 - 27 Dec 2017

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5143

Abstract

The present paper examines the manufacturer’s operational decisions, e.g., wholesale price and product sustainability level, the retailer’s operational decision, e.g., retail margin, and supply chain efficiency under three supply chain power structures: manufacturer Stackelberg, Nash and retailer Stackelberg. As a benchmark, we first [...] Read more.

The present paper examines the manufacturer’s operational decisions, e.g., wholesale price and product sustainability level, the retailer’s operational decision, e.g., retail margin, and supply chain efficiency under three supply chain power structures: manufacturer Stackelberg, Nash and retailer Stackelberg. As a benchmark, we first obtain the equlibrium price and product sustainability level in a vertically integrated supply chain. Our analysis provides some interesting findings in a decentralized supply chain: (i) a dominant manufacturer (retailer) always benefits from its power; (ii) the entire supply chain earns the most profit from the Nash game, and the least from the retailer Stackelberg game, respectively; (iii) as the power shifts from the manufacturer to the retailer, product sustainability and retail price increase; (iv) dominant manufacturer does not necessarily imply low wholesale price that would benefit the retailer. Managerial insights are provided for the manufacturer and the retailer, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Supply Chain Operations and Collaboration in the Big Data Era)

15 pages, 604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploratory Orientation, Business Model Innovation and New Venture Growth

by Hao Zhang¹, Xinbo Sun^1,* and Chan Lyu^2,*

¹ School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China

² School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010056 - 27 Dec 2017

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5954

Abstract

Why are some start-ups more successful than other companies? In view of this question, this paper deconstructs the growth mechanism of the present new Chinese ventures from the perspective of Internet entrepreneurship and points out that exploratory orientation and business model innovation play [...] Read more.

Why are some start-ups more successful than other companies? In view of this question, this paper deconstructs the growth mechanism of the present new Chinese ventures from the perspective of Internet entrepreneurship and points out that exploratory orientation and business model innovation play an important role in the new ventures growth process. Based on this, through the investigation of 210 start-ups in China, the research found that: (1) exploratory orientation is in a positive relationship with the growth of new ventures; (2) business model innovation plays a mediated role between exploratory orientation and new business growth; (3) Internet embeddedness is found as a moderator in the relationship between exploratory orientation and the growth of new ventures. This finding will not only help further deepen the new research in the new venture growth process but also help to further expand exploratory orientation, business model innovation and the important role of the Internet embeddedness in the growth of new ventures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Statistical Techniques and Sustainability Studies: Selected Papers from the 9th International Conference on PLS and Related Methods (PLS'17))

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3548 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Building Design Elements on Residential Thermal Environment

by Yingbao Yang¹, Xize Zhang¹, Xi Lu¹, Jia Hu¹, Xin Pan¹, Qin Zhu¹ and Weizhong Su^2,*

¹ School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China

² State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010057 - 28 Dec 2017

Cited by 42 | Viewed by 5752

Abstract

Residential thermal environment affects the life of residents in terms of their physical and mental health. Many studies have shown that building design elements affect the urban thermal environment. In this study, Nanjing City was used as the study area. A three-dimensional microclimate [...] Read more.

Residential thermal environment affects the life of residents in terms of their physical and mental health. Many studies have shown that building design elements affect the urban thermal environment. In this study, Nanjing City was used as the study area. A three-dimensional microclimate model was used to simulate and analyze the effects of four main factors, namely, building height, density, layout and green ratio, on thermal environment in residential areas. Results showed that 25% building density obtained a low average air temperature (ATa) and average predicted mean vote (APMV) during 24 h. Thus, a higher building height indicates a lower ATa and APMV and better outdoor comfort level. In addition, peripheral layout had the lowest ATa and APMV, followed by the determinant and point group layouts. The green ratio increased from 0% to 50% with a 10% step and the ATa and APMV decreased gradually. However, when the green ratio increased from 30% to 40%, ATa and APMV decreased most. The effects of building height, density and green ratio on the thermal environment in residential areas were interactive. The effects of building density, green ratio and layout on hourly air temperature and hourly predicted mean vote in daytime varied from these indicators during night time. How the four building design elements interact with thermal environment were probed from two aspects of air temperature and thermal comfort based on the validated ENVI-met, which is the element of novelty in this study. However, thermal comfort has rarely been considered in the past studies about urban outdoor thermal environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Climate Modeling and Assessment in Support of Sustainable Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 691 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research and Development Strategy for Fishery Technology Innovation for Sustainable Fishery Resource Management in North-East Asia

by Hidemichi Fujii^1,2,*

, Yoshitaka Sakakura^1,2

, Atsushi Hagiwara^1,2

, John Bostock³, Kiyoshi Soyano^2,4 and Yoshiki Matsushita^1,2

¹ Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1–14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan

² Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan

³ Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK

⁴ Institute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, 1551-7 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010059 - 28 Dec 2017

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 8947

Abstract

The development of fishery technologies supports food sustainability to achieve a steady supply of fish and fishery products. However, the priorities for research and development (R&D) in fishery technologies vary by region due to differences in fish resource availability, environmental concerns, and consumer [...] Read more.

The development of fishery technologies supports food sustainability to achieve a steady supply of fish and fishery products. However, the priorities for research and development (R&D) in fishery technologies vary by region due to differences in fish resource availability, environmental concerns, and consumer preferences for fishery products. This study examines trends in fishery technology innovations using data on patents granted as an indicator of changing R&D priorities. To clarify changes in R&D priorities, we apply a decomposition analysis framework that classifies fishery technologies into three types: harvesting, aquaculture, and new products. This study mainly focuses on China, Japan, and Korea as the major fishing countries in the north-east Asia region. The results show that the number of fishery technology patents granted increased between 1993 and 2015; in particular, the number of aquaculture patents granted has grown rapidly since 2012. However, the trend in Japan was the opposite, as the apparent priority given to aquaculture technology innovation decreased between 1993 and 2015. The trends and priority changes for fishery technology inventions vary by country and technology group. This implies that an international policy framework for fishery technology development should recognize that R&D priorities need to reflect diverse characteristics across countries and the technologies employed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Cooperation for the Sustainable Development and Management in Northeast Asia)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2102 KiB

Open AccessArticle

PLS and OPLS Discriminatory Analyses on Political Sustainability in Taiwan

by Shianghau Wu^1,* and Jiannjong Guo²

¹ School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China

² Graduate Institute of China Studies, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010060 - 2 Jan 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4626

Abstract

Political sustainability relates to successful governance. The general public’s satisfaction is vital to political sustainability. In this paper, we propose to use the general public’s satisfaction as the proxy and utilize the partial least squares discriminatory (PLS-DA) model and orthogonal partial least squares [...] Read more.

Political sustainability relates to successful governance. The general public’s satisfaction is vital to political sustainability. In this paper, we propose to use the general public’s satisfaction as the proxy and utilize the partial least squares discriminatory (PLS-DA) model and orthogonal partial least squares discriminatory (OPLS-DA) model to explore the factors that affect political sustainability in Taiwan. The results of the PLS-DA and OPLS-DA models vindicate that the satisfaction with the integrity performance of the central government, the satisfaction with the central government’s modus operandi on food safety, and the satisfaction with the central government’s policies on the twelve years primary education reform influence the Taiwanese civilians’ satisfaction with the central government, which is closely related to political sustainability. This offers us the insights on political sustainability in Taiwan. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Statistical Techniques and Sustainability Studies: Selected Papers from the 9th International Conference on PLS and Related Methods (PLS'17))

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

34 pages, 6876 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Developing and Assessing Alternative Land-Use Scenarios from the MOLAND Model: A Scenario-Based Impact Analysis Approach for the Evaluation of Rapid Rail Provisions and Urban Development in the Greater Dublin Region

by Eda Ustaoglu^1,*, Brendan Williams¹, Laura O. Petrov², Harutyun Shahumyan¹

and Hedwig Van Delden³

¹ School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Richview, Clonskeagh, D14 E099 Dublin, Ireland

² European Commission DG Joint Research Centre, Strategy and Work Programme Coordination, Rue du Champ de Mars 21, CDMA 4 160, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

³ Research Institute for Knowledge Systems bv, Witmakersstraat 10, 6211 JB Maastricht, The Netherlands

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010061 - 28 Dec 2017

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6801

Abstract

In this study, environmental sustainability implications of planned rail infrastructure investments on the urban form and development in the Greater Dublin Region (GDR) have been analysed incorporating the scenario analysis approach. Various scenarios are developed using the MOLAND Model applications including: A baseline [...] Read more.

In this study, environmental sustainability implications of planned rail infrastructure investments on the urban form and development in the Greater Dublin Region (GDR) have been analysed incorporating the scenario analysis approach. Various scenarios are developed using the MOLAND Model applications including: A baseline scenario incorporating a continuation of the present dispersed pattern of urban development and an alternative scenario with rail-oriented corridor development, under varying conditions of economic growth. An alternative scenario was also developed for the recessionary development case considering the prolonged recession in the GDR. Further explorations incorporating a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) approach are developed to evaluate the sustainability implications of different land development scenarios in the Dublin Region. This is assisted by focussing on the impacts of rail investments on urban form and development as raised in the international comparative literature. The findings from the CBA assessment positively indicate that containment policies-as represented by the public transport oriented development indicate benefits over the dispersed development case by reducing the negative consequences of sprawl type of developments. In contrast, dispersed development in the baseline scenario indicates costs of continuation of such development patterns exceed the benefits in the long term. This study will contribute to policy support evaluation measures relating to the integration of scenario analysis tool with the CBA approach in assisting the evaluation of new transport infrastructure proposals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transport Policy)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 450 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Determinants of Migrant Workers’ Willingness to Buy Houses in Cities: A Case Study in Xi’an, China

by Xiaoning Zhang^1,*, Mei Qu¹ and Zhendong Jin²

¹ College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

² HSBC Business School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010062 - 28 Dec 2017

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3434

Abstract

Migrant workers’ buying houses in cities can not only help to reduce the number of unsold houses but also improve the efficiency of the use of rural residential lands. A framework is constructed to study how individual resource endowment and the compensation policy [...] Read more.

Migrant workers’ buying houses in cities can not only help to reduce the number of unsold houses but also improve the efficiency of the use of rural residential lands. A framework is constructed to study how individual resource endowment and the compensation policy of quitting rural residential land act on migrant workers’ willingness to buy houses in cities. The paper adopts the logistic regression model with the data collected from 410 migrant workers in Xi’an. The results can be drawn as follows: firstly, migrant workers’ desire for buying houses in cities has a close relationship with their individual resource endowment; secondly, there is a gap between the existing compensation policy and migrant workers’ actual preference for the compensation policies. Thirdly, the existing compensation policy cannot fully exert its impact. As a result, when migrant workers are allowed to choose their most preferred policies in light of their own conditions, both the policy and resource effect will become more remarked. Thus, the design of compensation policies for quitting rural residential land should take full account of migrant workers’ individual resource endowments in order to provide them with selective compensation mechanisms. The conclusion provides a policy reference for cities where the house prices are close to that of Xi’an (11,000 yuan/square m). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Migration Management, ICTs' enhanced Responses and Policy Making: Towards Human Centric Migration Management Systems)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 5385 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of the Economic Efficiency of Construction Land in the Pearl River Delta Megalopolis from 1998 to 2012

by Yuyao Ye, Shengfa Li^*, Hongou Zhang, Yongxian Su, Qitao Wu

and Changjian Wang

Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangzhou 510070, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010063 - 28 Dec 2017

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5019

Abstract

Since the 1980s, the rapid, extensive, and dispersed urban expansion in the Pearl River Delta megalopolis (PRDM) has led to landscape fragmentation and the inefficient use of construction land. Like other developed regions in China that are subject to the dual challenges of [...] Read more.

Since the 1980s, the rapid, extensive, and dispersed urban expansion in the Pearl River Delta megalopolis (PRDM) has led to landscape fragmentation and the inefficient use of construction land. Like other developed regions in China that are subject to the dual challenges of shortages of construction land and deterioration of the ecological environment, it is becoming increasingly important in the PRDM to improve the land-use efficiency of urban construction. However, current methods for assessing land-use efficiency do not meet the emerging needs of land-use planning and policymaking. Therefore, using the American Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)/Operational Linescan System (OLS) nighttime light imagery and Landsat TM data, this study aims to develop a timely and efficient approach to model the high-resolution economic efficiency of construction land (EECL). With this approach, we mapped the reliable EECL of the PRDM at township level and with a one-kilometer grid. Next, the study compared the temporal changes and revealed the spatial-temporal dynamics in order to provide a scientific reference for informed land-use planning and policymaking. The results show that since 1998, the economic efficiency of construction land in the PRDM increased in general but varied significantly throughout the area. Further, these disparities widened from 1998 to 2012 between the PRDM’s inner and peripheral circles. Only one-fifth of the towns and subdistricts were categorized as fast-growth or ultrafast-growth, with the majority located in the most developed areas of the PRDM’s inner circle. In order to improve the efficiency of construction land in the PRDM and realize sustainable development, differentiated land-use policies for the inner and peripheral circles were proposed. The inner circle should focus on promoting the efficiency of existing construction land and encourage urban renewal, while the peripheral circle should enhance the control of new construction land and improve its efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methodological Advances in Research on Sustainable Ecosystems)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 8584 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Solar Heat Gain Reduction of Ventilated Double Skin Windows without a Shading Device

by Bokyoung Koo^1,*

, Keonho Lee¹

, Youngsub An²

and Kyudong Lee²

¹ Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 10223 Goyang-si, Korea

² Kolon Global Corp., 21984 Incheon-si, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010064 - 28 Dec 2017

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 9611

Abstract

With global efforts to strengthen various energy-saving policies for buildings to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in South Korea, new laws and regulations have been in force since May 2015 to install shading devices in public buildings and to include the solar heat gain [...] Read more.

With global efforts to strengthen various energy-saving policies for buildings to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in South Korea, new laws and regulations have been in force since May 2015 to install shading devices in public buildings and to include the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) reduction performance of shading devices in the evaluation of building performance. By making a ventilated air layer outer glass and inner glass to lower the temperatures of the air layer and glass surface, it is possible to reduce the amount of heat flowing into the building while maintaining the same level of light transmission as plain window systems. This study proposes a double-skin façade window with a 20 mm ventilated air cavity, and assumes that insolation inflow indoors would be reduced through ventilation in the air cavity. The artificial solar lab test results show that the SHGC can be lowered through ventilation by 28% to 52.9%. Additionally, in an outdoor test cell experiment, the results show that the mean temperature was 0.6 K and the peak temperature was 0.9 K lower with ventilation in the air cavity than that without ventilation in the air cavity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Innovative Solutions for Final Design in Terms of Energy Sustainability of Nearly/Net Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB))

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1623 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predictive Measurement of the Structure of Land Use in an Urban Agglomeration Space

by Fei Liu, Xinqi Zheng^*

and Qing Huang

School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010065 - 29 Dec 2017

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3812

Abstract

The scientific measurement of land use in space is an essential task in urban agglomeration studies, and the fractal feature is one of the most powerful tools for describing the phenomenon of space. However, previous research on the fractal feature of land use [...] Read more.

The scientific measurement of land use in space is an essential task in urban agglomeration studies, and the fractal feature is one of the most powerful tools for describing the phenomenon of space. However, previous research on the fractal feature of land use has mostly been conducted in urban space, and examines the fractal feature of different land use types, respectively; thus, the measurement of the relationship between different land use types was not realized. Meanwhile, previous prediction methods used for spatial land use mostly relied on subjective abstraction of the evolution, theoretically, regardless of whether they were calibrated, so that complete coverage of all the mechanisms could not be guaranteed. Based on this, here, we treat the land use structure in urban agglomeration space as the research object, and attempt to establish a fractal measure method for the relationship between different land use types in the space of urban agglomeration. At the same time, we use the allometric relationship between “entirety” and “local” to establish an objective forecast model for the land use structure in urban agglomeration space based on gray prediction theory, to achieve a predictive measurement of the structure of land use in urban agglomeration space. Finally, this study applied the methods on the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration to analyze the evolution of the stability of the structure of land use and achieve predictive measurement of the structure of land use. The results of the case study show that the methods proposed in this study can obtain the measurement of the relationship between different land use types and the land use prediction that does not depend on the subjective exploration of the evolution law. Compared with the measurement methods that analyzed the fractal feature of different land types, respectively, and the prediction methods that rely on subjective choice, the methods presented in this study recaps some innovations and reference values for relevant future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2155 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial–Temporal Patterns and Driving Forces of Ecological-Living-Production Land in Hubei Province, Central China

by Enxiang Cai^1,†

, Ying Jing^1,†, Yaolin Liu^1,2,3,*, Chaohui Yin¹, Yuan Gao¹ and Junqing Wei¹

¹ School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China

² Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China

³ Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Information Technology, Wuhan 430079, China

^† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010066 - 28 Dec 2017

Cited by 39 | Viewed by 5172

Abstract

Ecological-living-production land (ELPL) is gaining an increasing attention of governors, planners and scholars to alleviate ecological deterioration on the premise of ensuring regional sustainable development in China. This paper has built an ecological-living-production land classification system (ELCS) by the reclassification method, and further [...] Read more.

Ecological-living-production land (ELPL) is gaining an increasing attention of governors, planners and scholars to alleviate ecological deterioration on the premise of ensuring regional sustainable development in China. This paper has built an ecological-living-production land classification system (ELCS) by the reclassification method, and further analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics and evolution mechanism of ELPL from 2009 to 2014 with a case study of Hubei Province of Central China. The results show that (1) land with an ecological function held a dominant role in Hubei Province. Ecological land (EL) and production-eco land (PEL) covered the largest areas. The area of EL was the largest in Western Hubei Eco-cultural Tourism Circle (WHETC), and the area of PEL accounted for the largest proportion in Wuhan Urban Circle (WUC). (2) Land with an ecological function was decreasing continuously, while the land with living function expanded rapidly. Additionally, the intensity of ELPL changes in the WUC was higher than that in the WHETC. (3) The changes of ELPL threatened the food and ecological security and adversely affected the sustainable development. The factors of population growth and GDP increase were the main driving forces of ELPL change. The results of this study provide valuable information for planning decision makings (e.g., the ELPL spatial pattern optimization). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 2697 KiB

Open AccessArticle

SPP Toolbox: Supporting Sustainable Public Procurement in the Context of Socio-Technical Transitions

by Paula Cayolla Trindade^1,*

, Paula Antunes²

and Paulo Partidário³

¹ LNEG—National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, I.P. Apartado 7586, Alfragide, 2610-999 Amadora, Portugal

² CENSE—Centre for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2826-512 Caparica, Portugal

³ DGEG-DEIR: Directorate General of Energy and Geology—Research and Renewables Division, Avenida 5 de Outubro 208, 1069-203 Lisboa, Portugal

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010067 - 28 Dec 2017

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 7100

Abstract

Public procurement can shape production and consumption trends and represents a stimulus for both innovation and diversification in products and services, through a direct increase in demand. In recent years, the interest in demand-side policies has grown and several approaches have emerged, such [...] Read more.

Public procurement can shape production and consumption trends and represents a stimulus for both innovation and diversification in products and services, through a direct increase in demand. In recent years, the interest in demand-side policies has grown and several approaches have emerged, such as Green Public Procurement (GPP), Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP) and Public Procurement of Innovation (PPI), representing strategic goals to be achieved through public procurement. In this context, there is a need to guide and support public organizations in the uptake of GPP, SPP and PPI practices. To respond to the challenges raised by the operationalization of such strategies, this paper proposes a new tool—the SPP Toolbox—for guiding public organizations as they re-think the procurement process, raising their ambitions and broadening their vision, thus changing the organizational approach towards culture, strategies, structures and practices. This toolbox integrates insights from GPP, SPP and PPI objectives and practices, in the context of the emergence of socio-technical transitions. The toolbox coherently links GPP, SPP and PPI, allowing flexibility in terms of goals, yet promoting an increasing complexity of institutionalized practices and skills—from GPP to SPP and then from SPP to PPI, organized in a framework fully integrated into the organizational strategy. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 4243 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of a Traffic Control Scheme for a Post-Disaster Urban Road Network

by Zengzhen Shao^1,2,*

, Zujun Ma^1,*

, Shulei Liu³ and Tongshuang Lv³

¹ School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 630031, China

² School of information and Technology, Shandong Women’s University, Jinan 250002, China

³ School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010068 - 28 Dec 2017

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4251

Abstract

Traffic control of urban road networks during emergency rescues is conducive to rapid rescue in the affected areas. However, excessive control will lead to negative impacts on the normal traffic order. We propose a novel model to optimize the traffic control scheme during [...] Read more.

Traffic control of urban road networks during emergency rescues is conducive to rapid rescue in the affected areas. However, excessive control will lead to negative impacts on the normal traffic order. We propose a novel model to optimize the traffic control scheme during the post-disaster emergency rescue period named PD-TCM (post-disaster traffic control model). In this model, the vertex and edge betweenness indexes of urban road networks are introduced to evaluate the controllability of the road sections. The gravity field model is also used to adjust the travel time function of different road sections in the control and diverging domains. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can obtain the optimal traffic control scheme efficiently, which gives it the ability to meet the demand of emergency rescues as well as reducing the disturbances caused by controls. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resilient, Sustainable and Smart Cities: Emerging Trends and Approaches)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 4191 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wet Deposition of Trace Metals at a Typical Urban Site in Southwestern China: Fluxes, Sources and Contributions to Aquatic Environments

by Liuyi Zhang^1,2,3, Min Gao^1,2, Jian Cui^1,2,3,*, Fumo Yang^1,2,3,4,*, Huanbo Wang¹, Chuan Fu³ and Yimin Huang³

¹ CAS Key Laboratory of Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China

² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

³ Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China

⁴ CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010069 - 29 Dec 2017

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5095

Abstract

In this study, we quantified the atmospheric wet deposition (AWD) of 13 trace metals (TMs) and estimated their potential effects on the surface water of the Three Gorges Reservoir in China. Precipitation was collected in Wanzhou in southwestern China from March 2015 to [...] Read more.

In this study, we quantified the atmospheric wet deposition (AWD) of 13 trace metals (TMs) and estimated their potential effects on the surface water of the Three Gorges Reservoir in China. Precipitation was collected in Wanzhou in southwestern China from March 2015 to February 2016. The concentrations and fluxes of the 13 TMs were in the ranges of 0.16–9.44 µg L⁻¹ and 0.18–10.22 mg m⁻² yr⁻¹, respectively, in the order Al > Zn > Fe > Ba > Pb > Mn > Ti > Cd > Cu > As > V > Ni ≈ Cr. Using principal component analysis, it was found that Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were mainly derived from a mixture of soil and road dust, As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ti primarily originated from the local industries, and Ni and V were related to diesel and gasoline combustion, including both vehicle exhaust emissions and ship emissions from the nearby Yangtze River. The estimated TM inputs to the Three Gorges Reservoir were 11.1, 11.0, 5.7, 5.3, 4.5, 2.7, 2.5, 1.5, 1.0, 0.7, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.2 t yr⁻¹ for Al, Zn, Fe, Ba, Pb, Mn, Ti, Cd, Cu, As, V, Ni and Cr, respectively. The AWD TM fluxes in Wanzhou were lower than those in metropolises and their inputs were limited for surface water of the Three Gorges Reservoir. However, Cd was strongly enriched in precipitation and rainstorms greatly increased the surface water concentrations of Cd and Pb. Therefore, the behavior of Cd and Pb in southwestern mountain areas of China, including emission, transport, transformation, and their ecological effects, should be given more attention in future studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characteristics, Health Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management of Air Pollutants in Asia)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1263 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Environmental and Community Stability of a Mountain Destination: An Analysis of Residents’ Perception

by Dunja Demirović^1,*, Milan Radovanović^2,3, Marko D. Petrović^2,3

, Marija Cimbaljević¹, Nikola Vuksanović⁴ and Darko B. Vuković^2,5

¹ Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

² Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA, Djure Jakšića 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

³ Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 76 Lenin Ave., Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia

⁴ Department of Hospitality, Higher Education School for Management and Business Communication, Mitropolita Stratimirovića 110, 21205 Sremski Karlovci, Serbia

⁵ Department for Finance, St. Petersburg School of Economics and Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Kantemirovskaya ulitsa 3A, Office 331, Sankt Petersburg 194100, Russia

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010070 - 29 Dec 2017

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 5808

Abstract

This study aims to explore the use of the social-ecological system (SES) in tourism of a mountain area. Authors examined residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts on four SES aspects: ecosystems, local knowledge, people and technology and property rights institutions. The aim is to [...] Read more.

This study aims to explore the use of the social-ecological system (SES) in tourism of a mountain area. Authors examined residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts on four SES aspects: ecosystems, local knowledge, people and technology and property rights institutions. The aim is to find area that will be a “common ground” for community and area that can be a source of conflict and will require additional work to solve the differences. Second objective was to examine residents’ perception towards future local development tourism policies (winter tourism, seasonality and environment and culture) and how those policies can affect natural, socio-economic and cultural aspects of mountain area. Residents’ perceptions of sustainable tourism development potential, perceived tourism impacts, analysis of community attachment and employment sector of stakeholder were involved in this study. The authors applied the Q-methodology, as one SES-allied approach, in a small mountain community of Kopaonik, the Republic of Serbia. The results revealed that residents’ agreement/disagreement is connected with two aspects: ecosystem and property rights and that ecosystem can be significantly influenced by all three development policies. Findings suggest that development of future natural conservation plans and new cultural attractions can have positive effects on all parts of social-ecological system. Some practical implications of those findings for tourism planning and development are also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Ecology and Forest Management)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 12693 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling and Simulation of the Future Impacts of Urban Land Use Change on the Natural Environment by SLEUTH and Cluster Analysis

by Hsing-Fu Kuo^1,* and Ko-Wan Tsou²

¹ Department of Urban Planning and Landscape, National Quemoy University, Kinmen County 892, Taiwan

² Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010072 - 29 Dec 2017

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4774

Abstract

Changing land use and urban expansion are key drivers of global environmental change, which are inevitable consequences of economic and social development for many cities. Most land use changes have a negative impact on the natural environment, especially due to their effects on [...] Read more.

Changing land use and urban expansion are key drivers of global environmental change, which are inevitable consequences of economic and social development for many cities. Most land use changes have a negative impact on the natural environment, especially due to their effects on surface temperature, runoff and habitat diversity. Due to the limitation of local government funding and expenditure, it is a challenge for developing countries to create strategies for urban sustainability. This study provided a systematic assessment method for simulating and analyzing the future impacts and spatial patterns of urban growth via cellular automata and cluster analysis. We used Tainan as a study area and compared the impact of future urban spatial development during two periods: 1993–2008 and 2008–2030. The results indicate that the impact of this development on the natural environment can be divided into six clusters. With an increased distance from the city center, there were increased changes in surface temperature and a decreased amount of runoff. These results indicate the occurrence of urban expansion, with habitat diversity being greater in areas governed by policies or ordinances. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

13 pages, 595 KiB

Open AccessArticle

International Tourists’ Perceived Sustainability of Jeju Island, South Korea

by Min-Seong Kim^1,*

, Brijesh Thapa¹

and Hany Kim²

¹ Department of Tourism, Recreation & Sport Management, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8208, USA

² Department of Business Administration and Tourism and Hospitality Management, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010073 - 29 Dec 2017

Cited by 45 | Viewed by 10120

Abstract

This study investigated the causal relationships between international tourists’ perceived sustainability of Jeju Island, South Korea and environmentally responsible behavior, revisit intention, and positive word-of-mouth communication. Perceived sustainability was employed as a multidimensional construct comprised of economic, cultural, and environmental aspects. Data were [...] Read more.

This study investigated the causal relationships between international tourists’ perceived sustainability of Jeju Island, South Korea and environmentally responsible behavior, revisit intention, and positive word-of-mouth communication. Perceived sustainability was employed as a multidimensional construct comprised of economic, cultural, and environmental aspects. Data were collected from international tourists that visited Jeju Island. The results indicated that environmentally responsible behavior was influenced positively by cultural sustainability, and negatively by environmental sustainability. Revisit intention and positive word-of-mouth communication were significantly affected by the three dimensions of sustainability. Based on the findings, associated implications were suggested for sustainable destination management of Jeju Island. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 760 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Performance Measurement of Healthcare Service and Association Discussion between Quality and Efficiency: Evidence from 31 Provinces of Mainland China

by Tao Du^1,2

¹ School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

² School of Economics and Management, Yan’an University, Yan’an 71600, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010074 - 30 Dec 2017

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5818

Abstract

Performance of healthcare service includes quality and efficiency, so there is inevitably an association between them. In general, it is believed that there is a trade-off between quality and efficiency; however, we prove that it is not completely accurate. We take the quality [...] Read more.

Performance of healthcare service includes quality and efficiency, so there is inevitably an association between them. In general, it is believed that there is a trade-off between quality and efficiency; however, we prove that it is not completely accurate. We take the quality as an additional output to measure the healthcare service efficiency creatively, and discuss the association between quality and efficiency based on the effect of quality on relative efficiency. Firstly, we use TOPSIS method to calculate relative quality index values of healthcare service of 31 provinces of mainland China. This practice ensures the consistent comparison of 31 provinces’ qualities. Subsequently, we measure the 31 provinces’ relative performances and efficiencies of healthcare service with consideration of quality or not, by constructing DEA models. Then, we analyze the association between quality and efficiency from each group of the national, east, central and west, and conclude that the association between them is different along with their advantage degrees of quality and efficiency. Finally, we use the Tobit regression method to test 12 environment variables’ net impacts on efficiency values both with consideration of quality or not. The results indicate that the main drivers of healthcare service efficiency are different when we take quality as an additional output or not. This article contributes to the field of performance measurement of healthcare service, puts forward a new method to integrate quality and efficiency and provides management guidelines. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 7502 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Patterns and Mechanisms of Reclaimed Arable Land Utilization under the Requisition-Compensation Balance Policy in Wenzhou, China

by Lin Lin¹, Hongzhen Jia¹, Yi Pan², Lefeng Qiu², Muye Gan¹, Shenggao Lu¹, Jinsong Deng¹, Zhoulu Yu^1,* and Ke Wang^1,*

¹ College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

² Institute of Land and Urban-rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010075 - 29 Dec 2017

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5132

Abstract

Arable land in China is undergoing significant changes, with massive losses of arable land due to rapid urbanization and the reclamation of arable land from other lands to compensate for these losses. Many studies have analyzed arable land loss, but less attention has [...] Read more.

Arable land in China is undergoing significant changes, with massive losses of arable land due to rapid urbanization and the reclamation of arable land from other lands to compensate for these losses. Many studies have analyzed arable land loss, but less attention has been paid to land reclamation, and the utilization of reclaimed land remains unclear. The goal of our study was to characterize the patterns and efficiency of the utilization of reclaimed land and to identify the factors influencing the land utilization process in Wenzhou using remote sensing, geographic information systems and logistic regression. Our results showed that only 37% of the total reclaimed land area was under cultivation, and other lands were still bare or had been covered by trees and grasses. The likelihood that reclaimed land was used for cultivation was highly correlated with the land use type of its neighboring or adjacent parcels. Reclaimed land utilization was also limited at high elevations in lands with poor soil fertility and in lands at a great distance from rural residential areas. In addition, parcels located in the ecological protection zone were less likely to be cultivated. Therefore, we suggest that the important determinants should be considered when identifying the most suitable land reclamation areas. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1413 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hexachlorocyclohexanes, Cyclodiene, Methoxychlor, and Heptachlor in Sediment of the Alvarado Lagoon System in Veracruz, Mexico

by María Del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez^*, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso and Gabycarmen Navarrete-Rodríguez

Tecnológico Nacional De México/Instituto Tecnológico de Boca del Río, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Boca del Río, Veracruz C.P. 94290, Mexico

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010076 - 5 Jan 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5656

Abstract

Organochlorine pesticides are used in agricultural areas and health campaigns, which reach the coastal environment through rivers, drains, runoffs, and atmospheric transport. In aquatic environments, they are adsorbed by particles of organic matter, depositing themselves in sediments in the bottom of these bodies, [...] Read more.

Organochlorine pesticides are used in agricultural areas and health campaigns, which reach the coastal environment through rivers, drains, runoffs, and atmospheric transport. In aquatic environments, they are adsorbed by particles of organic matter, depositing themselves in sediments in the bottom of these bodies, in which benthic organisms of commercial interest for human consumption inhabit. The objective of this research was to evaluate the concentration of organochlorine pesticides in sediment from the Alvarado lagoon system in Veracruz, Mexico. In 20 out of 41 sampling sites analyzed, 11 banned organochlorine pesticides were identified, such as hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), lindane, aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin. The highest concentrations were as follows: aldrin: 46.05 ng g⁻¹; β-HCH: 42.11 ng g⁻¹; α-HCH: 38.44 ng g⁻¹; gamma γ-HCH (lindane): 34.20 ng g⁻¹; δ-HCH: 31.61 ng g⁻¹; methoxychlor: 29.40 ng g⁻¹; heptachlor epoxide: 25.70 ng g⁻¹; heptachlor: 24.11 ng g⁻¹; dieldrin: 22.13 ng g⁻¹; endrin: 21.23 ng g⁻¹; endrin aldehyde: 12.40 ng g⁻¹. Concentrations reported are prohibited in international standards. There is a strong need to further evaluate, with scientific studies, the level of concentration reported by impact of compounds widely used in agricultural livestock activities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agroecology: Principles and Application for Efficient and Sustainable Agricultural Production)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1451 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Designing a Climate-Resilient Environmental Curriculum—A Transdisciplinary Challenge

by Cheng-Yu Yu^1,*

and Yi-Chang Chiang²

¹ Department of Urban Planning and Development Management, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan

² Department of Architecture and Urban Design, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010077 - 29 Dec 2017

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4578

Abstract

Building resilience is a promising transdisciplinary area that contributes to addressing the impacts of climate change. This paper focused on the design of climate-resilient environmental curriculums to enhance environmental quality. Transdisciplinary approaches have been recognized as being well-placed to assist responses to climate [...] Read more.

Building resilience is a promising transdisciplinary area that contributes to addressing the impacts of climate change. This paper focused on the design of climate-resilient environmental curriculums to enhance environmental quality. Transdisciplinary approaches have been recognized as being well-placed to assist responses to climate change, which is a complex phenomenon and problem. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore how climate-resilient environmental education can be integrated into the design, implementation, and practice transdisciplinary manner into curriculums. Transdisciplinary curriculum design is an important factor determining the quality of modules, especially in the field of environmental design, due to its real-life setting characteristics. As students are trained with new projects, and under different socioeconomic and environmental conditions, curriculum design requires modification. Moreover, promoting transdisciplinary studies is a new trend that influences curriculum design. Compared to the interdisciplinary approach, the transdisciplinary approach is concerned with issues and subjects that exist between disciplines, across different disciplines, and beyond all the disciplines, leading to an immense space of new knowledge. This approach leads to integrated research that involves non-academic participants. We concluded that the transdisciplinary approach is beneficial for students in two ways: better performance in practical modules, and addresses the real interests of the students. Feedback from students about the curriculum design suggested that, to consider the individual student’s personal circumstances, multiple training methods should be used. The transdisciplinary approach to climate-resilient environmental curriculum design using a participative process amongst stakeholders is crucial; however, in this study, different opinions amongst interviewed tutors may obstruct the realization of the students’ wishes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resilient Architectural and Urban Design)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3276 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Model of Market Positioning of Destinations Based on Online Customer Reviews of Lodgings

by Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz^1,*

, Rosa Rodríguez-Díaz¹, Ana Cristina Rodríguez-Voltes² and Crina Isabel Rodríguez-Voltes²

¹ Department of Economics and Business, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain

² Department University of Atlántico Medio, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010078 - 29 Dec 2017

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5312

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a methodology to determine the competitive online positioning of lodging companies in different tourist destinations. The rise of the digital age has allowed many customers to share their opinions through specialized websites, providing a dynamic [...] Read more.

The aim of this study is to develop a methodology to determine the competitive online positioning of lodging companies in different tourist destinations. The rise of the digital age has allowed many customers to share their opinions through specialized websites, providing a dynamic and constantly updated evaluation of the market. In this context, competitiveness is an essential factor in the economic sustainability of destinations. The competitive positioning of destinations is determined by the scale of variables used by Booking.com. The price and lodging category variables are also used, as well as three new variables derived from the initial scale: the quality average, value and added value. This methodology provides a tool to determine the level of competitiveness of the lodging offered in tourist destinations, based on which, actions can be taken to improve destinations’ positioning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Tourism)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 961 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Flipped Learning on Cooperative and Competitive Mindsets

by Jung Eon Kwon¹

and Hyung Rok Woo^2,*

¹ Department of Career and Education Consulting, Cyber Graduate School, Joongbu University, 305, Dongheon-ro, Deogyang-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10279, Korea

² Division of Interdisciplinary Industrial Studies, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010079 - 30 Dec 2017

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 6912

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of flipped learning in business education, especially teaching corporate sustainability. Although the effect of flipped learning has been demonstrated in many education avenues, it is still rare in business education. To address this, we designed a flipped learning [...] Read more.

This study investigated the effect of flipped learning in business education, especially teaching corporate sustainability. Although the effect of flipped learning has been demonstrated in many education avenues, it is still rare in business education. To address this, we designed a flipped learning course for teaching corporate sustainability and implemented it in the autumn semester of 2016 at H University. The six classes of 157 university students were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups according to a pre-test–post-test control group design. The treatment groups were provided with the funnel experiment as pre-learning material based on flipped learning, but the control groups were instructed without it using the existing instructor-led ways. ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) was used to verify the difference between the pre- and post-test scores of the cooperative/competitive mindset to compare the two groups. The results revealed that the cooperative mindset scores in the treatment groups were improved more than those of the control groups. The competitive mindset scores in the treatment groups, on the other hand, were decreased more than those of the students in the control groups. These findings suggest that flipped learning methods may be a promising approach to enhance students’ awareness of sustainable management in business. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1002 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Investigation of Passengers’ Psychological Benefits from Green Brands in an Environmentally Friendly Airline Context: The Moderating Role of Gender

by Jinsoo Hwang¹ and Jung Kyu Choi^2,*

¹ The College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea

² Department of International Logistics, Dongseo University, 47 Jurye-ro, Sasang-gu, Busan 617-716, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010080 - 30 Dec 2017

Cited by 108 | Viewed by 9640

Abstract

In recent years, as natural environmental problems have become more serious, environmentally friendly airlines have been attracting attention from many practitioners and scholars. The purpose of this study was to apply the concept of psychological benefits of green brands in an environmentally friendly [...] Read more.

In recent years, as natural environmental problems have become more serious, environmentally friendly airlines have been attracting attention from many practitioners and scholars. The purpose of this study was to apply the concept of psychological benefits of green brands in an environmentally friendly airline context. Based on the theoretical relationships between the conceptual constructs, a model was developed and then evaluated using data collected from 322 airline passengers in Korea. The results indicated that the three sub-dimensions of psychological benefits of green brands (i.e., warm glow, self-expressive benefits and nature experiences) help to enhance the overall image of an environmentally friendly airline. Furthermore, the overall image plays an important role in the formation of three outcome variables: intentions to use, word-of-mouth intentions and willingness to pay more. Lastly, gender moderates the relationship between overall image and intentions to use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism Planning and Sustainable Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 711 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Measuring the Sustainability of a Manufacturing Process: A Conceptual Framework

by Wagner Cezar Lucato^*, José Carlos da Silva Santos and Athos Paulo Tadeu Pacchini

Industrial Engineering Post Graduation Program, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo 01504-001, Brazil

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010081 - 30 Dec 2017

Cited by 44 | Viewed by 5211

Abstract

Recently, besides recurrent financial gains, industries have been required to boost their environmental and social performance to fulfil the demands of several stakeholders. Moreover, the need to measure the sustainability of manufacturing processes is recognized because the production and operations managers need to [...] Read more.

Recently, besides recurrent financial gains, industries have been required to boost their environmental and social performance to fulfil the demands of several stakeholders. Moreover, the need to measure the sustainability of manufacturing processes is recognized because the production and operations managers need to know how they are contributing to the triple bottom line of their respective companies. To do that, many initiatives have been developed although all of them face some limitations: (a) they are only appropriate for the company as a whole, which makes their application for a manufacturing process difficult; (b) they consider the measures for sustainability (economic, environmental and social) as separate variables with no integration among them, which could become a methodological difficulty in case indicators move in different directions; or (c) they are too complicated to be used as a practical tool on the factory floor. Hence, this study proposes a framework to evaluate the sustainability level of a manufacturing process, integrating the economic, environmental, and social variables into a single combined measure. A case study exemplifies how the proposed procedure can be applied in real-world situations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 2544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diagnosis of Sustainable Business Strategies Implemented by Chilean Construction Companies

by Carlos Giannoni¹

, Luis Fernando Alarcón¹ and Sergio Vera^1,2,*

¹ Department of Construction Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile

² Center for Sustainable Urban Development (CEDEUS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7530092, Chile

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010082 - 30 Dec 2017

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6949

Abstract

Construction companies need to formulate sustainable construction business strategies to create a competitive advantage and remain in the market. This requires that construction firms incorporate sustainability into their business model. However, the current situation of the firm must be known before following the [...] Read more.

Construction companies need to formulate sustainable construction business strategies to create a competitive advantage and remain in the market. This requires that construction firms incorporate sustainability into their business model. However, the current situation of the firm must be known before following the path to be a sustainable construction firm. Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify sustainable business strategies and their level of implementation in Chilean construction companies. A survey was designed and applied to 245 construction firms to provide statistically valid and reliable information, thus supporting both the senior managers’ decision-making process and the companies’ strategic planning. The main results show that the companies do not pursue business strategies that promote profound organizational changes; instead, they focus their short-term efforts on urgent market demands. This is evidenced by the lack of the function of sustainability management as a permanent role in the organization. Also, this study found that only 32% of Chilean construction companies implement business strategies towards sustainability. Construction firms with higher turnover and subjected to stricter regulations, such as construction companies working in the mining sector, incorporate more sustainable business strategies across their organizations. The lack of a sustainability-oriented vision can affect the transformation of strategy into a competitive advantage, a step that is necessary to support both the company’s permanence in the market and its long-term sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Construction)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 5359 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Hydraulic Retention Time on Treatment of Coffee Processing Wastewater (CPWW) in EGSB Bioreactor

by Abumalé Cruz-Salomón^1,*

, Edna Ríos-Valdovinos^1,*

, Francisco Pola-Albores², Selene Lagunas-Rivera³

, Rocío Meza-Gordillo⁴ and Víctor M. Ruíz-Valdiviezo⁴

¹ Faculty of Engineering, University of Science and Arts of Chiapas, Libramiento Norte Poniente No. 1150, Lajas Maciel, Tuxtla Gutiérrez C.P. 29039, Mexico

² Center for Research and Technological Development in Renewal Energies, University of Science and Arts of Chiapas, Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150, Lajas Maciel, Tuxtla Gutiérrez C.P. 29039, Mexico

³ Professor CONACYT, Department of Chemical and Biochemistry Engineering, National Institute of Technology of Mexico-Tuxtla Gutiérrez Institute of Technology, Carretera Panamericana Km 1080, Tuxtla Gutiérrez C.P. 29050, Mexico

⁴ Department of Chemical and Biochemistry Engineering, National Institute of Technology of Mexico-Tuxtla Gutiérrez Institute of Technology, Carretera Panamericana Km 1080, Tuxtla Gutiérrez C.P. 29050, Mexico

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010083 - 30 Dec 2017

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 6842

Abstract

The coffee processing agro-industry generates large quantities of wastewater requiring systematic treatment prior to disposal. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate the hydraulic retention times (HRT) in treatment of coffee processing wastewater (CPWW) using a laboratory scale Expanded [...] Read more.

The coffee processing agro-industry generates large quantities of wastewater requiring systematic treatment prior to disposal. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate the hydraulic retention times (HRT) in treatment of coffee processing wastewater (CPWW) using a laboratory scale Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) bioreactor at different HRT (3 to 9 days). The EGSB was evaluated in mesophilic condition (26 ± 2 °C) with an average pH of 7.5 ± 0.2 to determine the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency. According to the results, the COD removal efficiency increases from 94 to 98% when the HRT increase from 3 to 9 days; the α factor remained stable (0.98) throughout the evolution of the bioreactor. The HRT´s between 7–9 days generated effluents capable to be dischargeable into water bodies with a permitted COD concentration according to World Health Organization (WHO) and Official Mexican Environmental Regulations permissible limits. Results evidenced that the HRT of 9 days was the one that greater COD removal generated, so the EGSB bioreactor can be a sustainable alternative to solve the environmental problems, compared to other conventional methods to CPWW treatment. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 7612 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Artificial Neural Network for Assessment of Energy Consumption and Cost for Cross Laminated Timber Office Building in Severe Cold Regions

by Qi Dong^1,2, Kai Xing^1,2,* and Hongrui Zhang^1,2

¹ School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

² Heilongjiang Cold Region Architectural Science Key Laboratory, Harbin 150001, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010084 - 30 Dec 2017

Cited by 44 | Viewed by 5906

Abstract

This paper aims to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the energy consumption and cost of cross laminated timber (CLT) office buildings in severe cold regions during the early stage of architectural design. Eleven variables were selected as input variables including [...] Read more.

This paper aims to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the energy consumption and cost of cross laminated timber (CLT) office buildings in severe cold regions during the early stage of architectural design. Eleven variables were selected as input variables including building form and construction variables, and the values of input variables were determined by local building standards and surveys. ANNs were trained by the simulation data and Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method was used to select training datasets for the ANN training. The best ANN was obtained by analyzing the output variables and the number of hidden layer neurons. The results showed that the ANN with multiple outputs presented better prediction performance than the ANN with single output. Moreover, the number of hidden layer neurons in ANN should be greater than five and preferably 10, and the best mean square error (MSE) value was 1.957 × 10³. In addition, it was found that the time of predicting building energy consumption and cost by ANN was 80% shorter than that of traditional building energy consumption simulation and cost calculation method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Achieving a Sustainable Future Using Renewable Materials in Buildings)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 4263 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Manufacturing Quality Prediction Using Intelligent Learning Approaches: A Comparative Study

by Yun Bai¹, Zhenzhong Sun¹, Jun Deng¹, Lin Li², Jianyu Long¹ and Chuan Li^1,*

¹ School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China

² School of Computer Science and Network Security, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010085 - 30 Dec 2017

Cited by 53 | Viewed by 6755

Abstract

Under the international background of the transformation and promotion of manufacturing, the Chinese government proposed the “Made in China 2025” strategy, which focused on the improvement of a quality-based innovation ability. Moreover, predicting manufacturing quality is one of the crucial measures for quality [...] Read more.

Under the international background of the transformation and promotion of manufacturing, the Chinese government proposed the “Made in China 2025” strategy, which focused on the improvement of a quality-based innovation ability. Moreover, predicting manufacturing quality is one of the crucial measures for quality management. Accurate prediction is closely related to the feature learning of manufacturing processes. Therefore, two categories of intelligent learning approaches, i.e., shallow learning and deep learning, are investigated and compared for manufacturing quality prediction in this paper. Specifically, the feed forward neural network (FFNN) with one hidden layer and the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) with no hidden layers are selected as the representatives for shallow learning, and the deep restricted Boltzmann machine (DRBM) and the stack autoencoder (SAE) are chosen as the representatives for deep learning. The manufacturing data is collected from a competition about manufacturing quality control in the Tianchi Data Lab of China. The experiments show that the deep framework overwhelms the shallow architecture in terms of mean absolute percentage error, root-mean-square error, and threshold statistics. In addition, the prediction results also indicate that the performances depend on the length of the training data. That is, the bigger the sample size is, the better the performance is. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transition from China-Made to China-Innovation )

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 302 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Overview of the Main Disinfection Processes for Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants

by Maria Cristina Collivignarelli¹

, Alessandro Abbà¹

, Ilaria Benigna¹, Sabrina Sorlini² and Vincenzo Torretta^3,*

¹ Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy

² Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy

³ Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University of Varese, via G.B. Vico 46, 21100 Varese, Italy

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010086 - 31 Dec 2017

Cited by 302 | Viewed by 29508

Abstract

The use of water disinfection as a public health measure reduces the spread of diseases. Various disinfection technologies can be used to meet the pathogen inactivation demand in water. This work is an overview of the main disinfection technologies of wastewater and drinking [...] Read more.

The use of water disinfection as a public health measure reduces the spread of diseases. Various disinfection technologies can be used to meet the pathogen inactivation demand in water. This work is an overview of the main disinfection technologies of wastewater and drinking water that reports for the conventional processes the action mechanism, the possible formation of by-products, the operative conditions, the advantages and disadvantages. For advanced and natural processes the action mechanisms are reported. Advanced technologies are interesting but are still in the research state, while conventional technologies are the most used. There is a tendency, especially in Italy, to use chlorine-based disinfectant, despite in some forms could lead to production of disinfection by-products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

18 pages, 605 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Destination Personality, Destination Image, and Intent to Recommend: The Role of Gender, Age, Cultural Background, and Prior Experiences

by WooHyuk Kim^1,*, Kristin Malek¹, NamJo Kim² and SeungHyun “James” Kim³

¹ Department of Hospitality Management , Kansas State University, KS 66506, USA

² School of Tourism, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea

³ The School of Hospitality Business, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010087 - 31 Dec 2017

Cited by 51 | Viewed by 9053

Abstract

When tourists chose destinations, they usually select locations that satisfy the subjective criteria of their requirements. The purpose of this study was to delineate those criteria by analyzing the interrelationships among destination personality, image, and intent to recommend while examining the effects of [...] Read more.

When tourists chose destinations, they usually select locations that satisfy the subjective criteria of their requirements. The purpose of this study was to delineate those criteria by analyzing the interrelationships among destination personality, image, and intent to recommend while examining the effects of gender, age, cultural background, and prior tourist experience. The data were collected from a major tourism destination in South Korea. A total of 316 usable surveys were analyzed using structural analysis. The results show that three of the four factors for destination personality significantly affected destination image. In turn, destination image influenced intent to recommend. Subsequent tests for metric invariances showed differences in the moderating role of cultural background, gender, age, and prior experience. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Tourism)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 290 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Operational Structure Change on Performance after Seasoned Equity Offerings

by Chihyoun Ahn¹, Mi-Ok Kim^2,*

and Hyung-Rok Jung¹

¹ School of Management, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea

² Department of Tax Accounting, Baewha Women’s University, #2505 Jung Sim Kwan, 34 1st street, Pirundaero, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03039, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010088 - 31 Dec 2017

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3441

Abstract

Sustainability is directly linked to firms’ survival in competitive markets. To survive, firms need extra capital, and seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) are one sustainability strategy. Additional resources from SEOs lead to changes in firms’ operational structure, which brings future sustainability. This study investigates [...] Read more.

Sustainability is directly linked to firms’ survival in competitive markets. To survive, firms need extra capital, and seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) are one sustainability strategy. Additional resources from SEOs lead to changes in firms’ operational structure, which brings future sustainability. This study investigates whether there is sustainability in firms’ operational structure and the effects of sustainable development on operational performance and market reaction. We measure the operational structure change of firms as three proxies: (1) the rate of increase in the number of operating segments, (2) the Berry–Herfindahl index using the ratio of sales of each operating segment out of total sales, and (3) the size of net investment in plant and equipment. Our results show that operational structure change has a statistically significant and positive correlation with long-term operating performance. In addition, there is no significant stock price response at first, but the operating performance in the next term is perceived as a favorable factor after three years. The results show that there are different responses in the stock market toward operational structure change. The empirical results confirm that firms with SEO have sustainable development in operational structure and that markets recognize firms’ sustainability strategy arising from SEOs. Full article

16 pages, 2517 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Possibilities of Using the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model to Understand and Provide Sustainable Solution for Tourism Development in the Antarctic Region

by Zygmunt Kruczek^1,*, Zygmunt Kruczek^1,*, Michał Kruczek² and Adam R. Szromek³

¹ Department of Natural Environment Sciencies, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, University School of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland

² Unit of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 33-332 Krakow, Poland

³ Department of Organisation and Management, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010089 - 1 Jan 2018

Cited by 33 | Viewed by 12981

Abstract

An important problem for the development of tourism in the polar regions is the determination of the limit of tourist traffic that these regions can accept, without risking the degradation of the environment. One such region is Antarctica. This article describes the environmental [...] Read more.

An important problem for the development of tourism in the polar regions is the determination of the limit of tourist traffic that these regions can accept, without risking the degradation of the environment. One such region is Antarctica. This article describes the environmental conditions of Antarctica that decide its attractiveness for tourists, as well as its political and legal status. The factors that determine a tourist reception area of increasing intensity are analyzed. Based on the data of the International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO), the volume of tourist traffic was determined, and environmental problems identified, which result from tourism development in Antarctica. The model of R.W. Butler—Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC)—was used to analyze the development of tourism. By the middle of the second decade of the 21st century, the number of tourists in the Antarctic region exceeded 40 thousand, which seems to be the largest figure (the “boom phase” in the Butler cycle) in sheer numbers, and which resulted in the introduction of less tourist-friendly behavior, from the point of view of environmental protection. On the basis of IAATO data, the environmental problems that are a consequence of the development of tourism in Antarctica are identified. Reference is made to climate change affecting the area, and on the basis of the Butler cycle, the hypothetical limits of the further development of tourism are described. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Tourism in Sensitive Environments: Mountains, Islands, Coastal and Polar Regions)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 1589 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Algerian Carob Tree Products: A Comprehensive Valorization Analysis and Future Prospects

by Rosa Mahtout^1,2, Víctor Manuel Ortiz-Martínez², María José Salar-García², Isabel Gracia², Francisco José Hernández-Fernández^2,*, Antonia Pérez de los Ríos³, Farid Zaidia¹, Sergio Sanchez-Segado² and Luis Javier Lozano-Blanco²

¹ Department of Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Abderrahmane Mira University, Bejaia 06000, Algeria

² Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar C/Doctor Fleming s/n, Cartagena, 30202 Murcia, Spain

³ Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30202 Murciax, Spain

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010090 - 1 Jan 2018

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 6510

Abstract

This research presents a thorough analysis of the nutrients and anti-nutrients contained in different products from Algerian carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua L. (pod, pulp, seeds and leaves). Other parameters such as moisture, ash content and calorific value were also determined. The main purpose [...] Read more.

This research presents a thorough analysis of the nutrients and anti-nutrients contained in different products from Algerian carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua L. (pod, pulp, seeds and leaves). Other parameters such as moisture, ash content and calorific value were also determined. The main purpose was to characterize these products derived from carob tree and analyze their possible valorization in several fields such as chemical, energy or medical industries. The results show that these products contain low amount of crude lipids (2.4–4.5%), moderate amounts of protein (4–7.4%) and high levels of total sugar (up to 66.6%). The compositional analysis reveals high nutritional values but, at the same time, it is also worth underscoring their high content in anti-nutrients: (i) trypsin inhibitor (6.4–7.3 mg·g⁻¹); and (ii) phytic acid (0.6–0.94 mg·g⁻¹). This work quantifies these two secondary metabolites in carob tree products for the first time. Finally, based on the results obtained, a process scheme is proposed for the complete use of carob tree products, including the use of anti-nutrients (trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid) for bio-medical applications since many research studies support that these compounds have great potential in this field. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

12 pages, 1284 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Non-Competitive and Competitive Adsorption of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ Ions onto SDS in Process of Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration

by Xue Li¹, Songbao He¹, Chongling Feng^2,*

, Yanke Zhu¹, Ya Pang¹, Juan Hou¹, Kun Luo¹ and Xingsheng Liao¹

¹ College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China

² Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering Research, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010092 - 2 Jan 2018

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3796

Abstract

Competitive adsorption of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in binary mixtures were investigated compared with non-competitive adsorption in the unitary metal solution in micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration at a temperature of 25 °C. Mutual interference effects [...] Read more.

Competitive adsorption of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in binary mixtures were investigated compared with non-competitive adsorption in the unitary metal solution in micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration at a temperature of 25 °C. Mutual interference effects were investigated based on the removal rate, the Langmuir Competitive Model (LCM) and equilibrium adsorption capacity ratios, q_e/q_m, which indicated the presence of other metal ions. The results indicated that the removal rate and adsorption capacity of Pb²⁺ were higher than that of the other metal ions in unitary and binary systems. The effects on SDS micelles for Cd-Pb and Zn-Pb combinations were found to be antagonistic. However, it was a favorable effect for the Cd-Zn combination, and the metal ions sorption followed the order: Pb²⁺ > Cd²⁺ > Zn²⁺. The behavior of non-competitive and competitive adsorption for Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in a single system and in the presence of Pb²⁺ were well described by LCM. Moreover, the LCM showed poor fitting to non-competitive and competitive adsorption of Pb²⁺ in a single solution and in the presence of Cd²⁺ or Zn²⁺. In conclusion, the removal of Pb²⁺ in the presence of Zn²⁺ or Cd²⁺ showed greater efficacy than that of Cd²⁺ or Zn²⁺ in the presence of Pb²⁺. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Metals: Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

32 pages, 9558 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Empirical Investigation of Architectural Heritage Management Implications for Tourism: The Case of Portugal

by Shahrbanoo Gholitabar^1,*, Habib Alipour¹

and Carlos Manuel Martins da Costa²

¹ Faculty of Tourism, Eastern Mediterranean University, Gazimagusa/KKTC, via Mersin 10, Gazimağusa 99450, Turkey

² Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism (DEGEIT), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010093 - 8 Jan 2018

Cited by 45 | Viewed by 12345

Abstract

The aims of this study are manifold. First, to investigate the potentials of architectural heritage in the context of tourism destination development, as well as examine public sector policies and make plans toward the preservation of these resources. Secondly, to appraise the outcome [...] Read more.

The aims of this study are manifold. First, to investigate the potentials of architectural heritage in the context of tourism destination development, as well as examine public sector policies and make plans toward the preservation of these resources. Secondly, to appraise the outcome of preservation and its implications for tourism. The study is an effort to explore and understand the interrelationships between tourism and architectural heritage sites through tourist image and perception. For the purposes of this research, numerous heritage sites were sampled in Portugal. A mixed research method was utilized to gauge tourists’ image/perception of heritage resources, and impact (quantitative approach). A qualitative approach was utilized to assess the priority of tourists in their visits and public-sector policies toward heritage resource management and planning. The fuzzy logic method was used to assess the architectural value and the tourist and preservation potential of historical buildings in Porto/Aveiro. The contribution and implications of the study are also explained. The results revealed that architectural heritage resources have the most appeal to tourists. The study to date demonstrates the architectural value and tourist and preservation potential of the buildings observed via evaluation by fuzzy logic methods. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

22 pages, 1611 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Energy Consumption on Air Quality in Jiangsu Province of China

by Lingyun He¹, Zhangqi Zhong^2,*, Fang Yin¹ and Deqing Wang¹

¹ School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

² School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010094 - 2 Jan 2018

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4656

Abstract

Air quality has become an important sustainability concern for China’s highly developed economic regions. Taking Jiangsu Province as a case, this study investigates the effect of energy consumption on air quality when both considering and not considering control variables, such as industrial structure, [...] Read more.

Air quality has become an important sustainability concern for China’s highly developed economic regions. Taking Jiangsu Province as a case, this study investigates the effect of energy consumption on air quality when both considering and not considering control variables, such as industrial structure, energy consumption structure and energy efficiency from 2006 to 2015 and further explores the influence of the related policies on air quality and the relationship between energy consumption and air quality. One important finding is that the relationship between energy consumption and the air quality index of Jiangsu Province shows a U-shaped curve and it is now in the increasing part of the curve, which reveals the effectiveness of controlling energy consumption in improving air quality. Another important finding is that, when considering the effect of related polices, there is still a U-shaped curve relationship between energy consumption and air quality index, with the opening of curve becoming bigger and the influence of energy consumption on air quality becoming more obvious. Moreover, although air quality is improved whether considering policies separately or together, the effect of combined policies is better than is the effect of a separate policy. This not only reflects the effectiveness of related polices but also shows the importance of policy coordination. Furthermore, a 1% optimization of industrial structure inhibits air quality index by 0.0054%, while the relationship of energy efficiency and energy consumption structure with air quality is inconsistent with theoretical analysis. This implies that, in practice, there is still room for improvement in both energy saving and emission reduction and even in air quality improvement. This study may help the stakeholders, whether from Jiangsu Province, other provinces in China or other countries at the global level, identify the impacts of energy consumption on air quality and formulate effective energy saving and air quality improvement policies in conjunction with their economic characteristics. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 3531 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Data Governance Taxonomy: Cloud versus Non-Cloud

by Majid Al-Ruithe^*, Elhadj Benkhelifa^* and Khawar Hameed

Cloud Computing and Applications Research Lab, School of Computing and Digital Technologies, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, UK

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010095 - 2 Jan 2018

Cited by 42 | Viewed by 14875

Abstract

Forward-thinking organisations believe that the only way to solve the data problem is the implementation of effective data governance. Attempts to govern data have failed before, as they were driven by information technology, and affected by rigid processes and fragmented activities carried out [...] Read more.

Forward-thinking organisations believe that the only way to solve the data problem is the implementation of effective data governance. Attempts to govern data have failed before, as they were driven by information technology, and affected by rigid processes and fragmented activities carried out on a system-by-system basis. Until very recently, governance has been mostly informal, with very ambiguous and generic regulations, in siloes around specific enterprise repositories, lacking structure and the wider support of the organisation. Despite its highly recognised importance, the area of data governance is still underdeveloped and under-researched. Consequently, there is a need to advance research in data governance in order to deepen practice. Currently, in the area of data governance, research consists mostly of descriptive literature reviews. The analysis of literature further emphasises the need to build a standardised strategy for data governance. This task can be a very complex one and needs to be accomplished in stages. Therefore, as a first and necessary stage, a taxonomy approach to define the different attributes of data governance is expected to make a valuable contribution to knowledge, helping researchers and decision makers to understand the most important factors that need to be considered when implementing a data governance strategy for cloud computing services. In addition to the proposed taxonomy, the paper clarifies the concepts of data governance in contracts with other governance domains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Knowledge Management, Innovation and Big Data: Implications for Sustainability, Policy Making and Competitiveness)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 3659 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gardener Well-Being along Social and Biophysical Landscape Gradients

by Monika H. Egerer^1,*

, Stacy M. Philpott¹, Peter Bichier¹, Shalene Jha², Heidi Liere³ and Brenda B. Lin⁴

¹ Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

² Integrative Biology Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA

³ Biology Department, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202, USA

⁴ CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Aspendale, VIC 3195, Australia

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010096 - 2 Jan 2018

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 6081

Abstract

Increasing human populations are challenging cities to grow sustainably while maintaining green spaces that deliver ecosystem services and well-being benefits. Community gardens are green spaces that provide food, community, and health benefits, but gardens often are non-permanent due to development and green space [...] Read more.

Increasing human populations are challenging cities to grow sustainably while maintaining green spaces that deliver ecosystem services and well-being benefits. Community gardens are green spaces that provide food, community, and health benefits, but gardens often are non-permanent due to development and green space loss. Thus, investigating their significance and benefit across urban regions is critical for research and policy alike. This study investigated the role of community gardens in providing human well-being benefits across three counties in the California Central Coast—a region undergoing massive urban transformation in the last century. We measured how multiple aspects of self-reported gardener well-being varied in relation to the social opportunities of surrounding neighborhoods and the biophysical features of the landscapes in which the gardens were embedded. The results document improvements in gardener well-being through gardening across social and biophysical gradients. Gardeners are motivated by diverse reasons, varying from gardening in order to connect to nature, to gardening for improved food access, or to enhance time spent with family. Community gardens are therefore important for supporting many well-being benefits. Policies to maintain and protect gardens should prioritize neighborhoods with needs for connecting to nature and enhancing social interaction within the community. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Defining and Assessing Landscape and Urban Sustainability: Linking Spatial Patterns, Ecosystems Services, and Human Wellbeing)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 244 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Proactive versus Reactive Corporate Environmental Practices and Environmental Performance

by Kyungho Kim

School of Business, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010097 - 3 Jan 2018

Cited by 50 | Viewed by 8422

Abstract

This study investigates how different types of corporate environmental practices affect environmental performance. This paper is theoretically anchored in the natural resource-based view and, methodologically, it applies the recently recommended disaggregated approach in a new effort to deepen our understanding of how environmental [...] Read more.

This study investigates how different types of corporate environmental practices affect environmental performance. This paper is theoretically anchored in the natural resource-based view and, methodologically, it applies the recently recommended disaggregated approach in a new effort to deepen our understanding of how environmental performance is associated with different types of corporate environmental practices. The results partially affirm the argument of the natural resource-based view that proactive corporate environmental practice leads to better environmental performance, whereas reactive corporate environmental practice is associated with worse environmental performance. However, the relationship between corporate environmental practices and environmental performance should be carefully interpreted, because the findings differ depending on how Kinder Lydenberg Domini (KLD) strength and concern rating scores are measured. The results further demonstrate that the disaggregate KLD environmental rating scores can be better alternative measures for corporate environmental practices than the commonly used composite and aggregate KLD rating scores, given that disaggregate KLD concern and strength scores represent independent rather than similar constructs. The findings are expected to help both theorists and practitioners achieve a more nuanced understanding of the measurement of environmental practices. Full article

21 pages, 3555 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Sustainable Development of the Economic-Energy-Environment (3E) System under the Carbon Trading (CT) Mechanism: A Chinese Case

by Xingang Zhao^1,2, Yuzhuo Zhang^1,2,*

, Ji Liang¹, Yanbin Li^1,2, Rongda Jia³ and Ling Wang⁴

¹ School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

² Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low-Carbon Development, Beijing 102206, China

³ State Grid Energy Conservation Service Co., Ltd., Beijing 100052, China

⁴ State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co., Ltd., Benxi Power Supply Company, Benxi 117020, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010098 - 3 Jan 2018

Cited by 45 | Viewed by 5821

Abstract

The implementation of the carbon trading (CT) mechanism is important for the transformation of China’s renewable energy industry, thereby affecting the structure of energy, economy, and the environment, and determining the sustainable development of China’s economic-energy-environment (3E) system in the future. This paper [...] Read more.

The implementation of the carbon trading (CT) mechanism is important for the transformation of China’s renewable energy industry, thereby affecting the structure of energy, economy, and the environment, and determining the sustainable development of China’s economic-energy-environment (3E) system in the future. This paper constructs a 3E system simulation model under the CT mechanism based on the theory of system dynamics and taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as an example. We study the internal operation mechanism of the carbon emissions trading system and its impact on 3E by combing the related mechanisms of the CT market, CO₂ emissions, energy consumption, and gross domestic product (GDP), thereby helping to provide references for policy-making institutions. The results show that the implementation of CT can effectively reduce energy consumption growth and carbon emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the negative impact of CT implementation on GDP is significantly lower than its positive impact on reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption. Thus, the CT mechanism is conducive to the sustainable development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region’s 3E system. In addition, reducing the total amount of quota, reducing free quota, and increasing CT price can effectively promote carbon emission reduction, thus promoting the sustainable development of the 3E system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 9533 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Adaptive-Passive and Semi-Active Eddy Current Tuned Mass Damper with Variable Damping

by Weixing Shi¹, Liangkun Wang¹, Zheng Lu^1,2,*

and Hui Gao¹

¹ Research Institute of Structural Engineering and Disaster Reduction, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

² State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010099 - 3 Jan 2018

Cited by 29 | Viewed by 5915

Abstract

Tuned mass damper (TMD) is a widely used vibration control device, consisting of a mass, some springs and damping elements. Viscous damper is mostly used as a damping element; however, it has many unsustainable problems, e.g., poor durability, sensitive to the change of [...] Read more.

Tuned mass damper (TMD) is a widely used vibration control device, consisting of a mass, some springs and damping elements. Viscous damper is mostly used as a damping element; however, it has many unsustainable problems, e.g., poor durability, sensitive to the change of temperature, difficult to adjust the damping, oil leakage etc. In this paper, a new sustainable adaptive-passive eddy current tuned mass damper (ECTMD) with variable damping, which is very easy to be further upgraded to a semi-active one, is proposed. Four important parameters, e.g., adsorption position of permanent magnets, thickness of the conductive plate, thickness of the extra steel plate and the air gap between permanent magnets and the conductive plate are investigated by a parametric study. Two new evaluation indexes are put forward to indicate the damping mechanism of the proposed device. The relationship between effective damping coefficient and air gap is fitted through a quadratic function. Then, the corresponding design method of the proposed adaptive–passive ECTMD is presented. At last, the previous adaptive–passive ECTMD is upgraded to a semi-active one, which can adjust its eddy current damping through adjusting its air gap in real-time, based on the linear-quadratic-Gaussian algorithm. The effectiveness of semi-active ECTMD is evaluated through harmonic excitations and human-induced excitations. The results show that the semi-active ECTMD with variable damping has a better vibration control effect than the optimized passive one. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Engineering and Science)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1765 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oleotourism as a Sustainable Product: An Analysis of Its Demand in the South of Spain (Andalusia)

by María Genoveva Millán¹

, María Del Pópulo. Pablo-Romero^2,3,*

and Javier Sánchez-Rivas²

¹ Department of Quantitative Methods, Faculty of Economics and Business Sciences, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Escritor Castilla Aguayo 4, 14004 Cordoba, Spain

² Department of Economic Analysis and Political Economy, Faculty of Economics and Business Sciences, Universidad de Sevilla, Ramon y Cajal 1, 41018 Seville, Spain

³ Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, 7500912 Santiago, Chile

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010101 - 3 Jan 2018

Cited by 41 | Viewed by 10708

Abstract

Olive oil has generated a new tourism offer in Spain called oleotourism. Visitors can enjoy landscapes of ancient olive groves and visit its oil mills called almazaras, to learn about its manufacture and to taste different oil varieties. Andalusia, located in the south [...] Read more.

Olive oil has generated a new tourism offer in Spain called oleotourism. Visitors can enjoy landscapes of ancient olive groves and visit its oil mills called almazaras, to learn about its manufacture and to taste different oil varieties. Andalusia, located in the south of Spain, produces 60% of Spain’s olive oil, having the largest number of almazaras, and therefore most oleotourism offers. This differentiated tourism offer requires identifying the profile of oleotourists to determine sustainable strategies to increase demand without harming the local community. The objective of this study is to identify the Andalusian oleotourism offer according to the profile of oleotourists and project its demand evolution, in order to offer a sustainable product best suited to the demand. With this aim, three techniques are applied in this study: a random survey addressed to oleotourists in Andalusia, a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the oleotourism sector in the region, and finally, its demand is projected by using the ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) model. The results indicate a favorable future scenario that should induce entrepreneurs and local authorities to invest in promoting and developing a product. Oleotourism is an alternative that can serve as a complement to agricultural income and generate employment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Developing Tourism in Rural and Agricultural Regions)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 2746 KiB

Open AccessArticle

City Branding in China’s Northeastern Region: How Do Cities Reposition Themselves When Facing Industrial Decline and Ecological Modernization?

by Meiling Han^1,4, Martin De Jong^2,3,4, Zhuqing Cui¹, Limin Xu¹, Haiyan Lu²

and Baiqing Sun^1,*

¹ School of Management, Management Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

² Faculty of Technology, Policy & Management, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands

³ School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China

⁴ Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010102 - 4 Jan 2018

Cited by 29 | Viewed by 8050

Abstract

The past decade has seen a surge in the use of city branding, which is used to attract specific target groups of investors, high-tech green firms and talented workforce and reflects a desired shift from old, polluting manufacturing industries to new, clean service [...] Read more.

The past decade has seen a surge in the use of city branding, which is used to attract specific target groups of investors, high-tech green firms and talented workforce and reflects a desired shift from old, polluting manufacturing industries to new, clean service industries. Previous studies in the Chinese mega-city regions Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Jing-Jin-Ji (region around Beijing and Tianjin) have shown that branding practices of primarily service and innovation oriented cities are largely in line with existing industrial profiles while those which are predominantly manufacturing oriented wish to present themselves as more service and innovation driven. In this contribution, city branding practices are studied in China’s three Northeastern provinces Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning which face structural decline because of the presence of many outdated resource-based and heavy industries. The gap between existing profile and branding choices appears not systematic as in China’s leading economic regions. Northeastern cities focus more on combining primary, secondary and tertiary industrial patterns than on displacing manufacturing with services. The tertiary sector in these provinces is more administrative and public sector oriented and generates lower value added; it is therefore not significantly more attractive than the primary and secondary ones. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 839 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Infrastructure and Production Processes on Rioja Wine Supply Chain Performance

by José Roberto Díaz-Reza^1,*, Jorge Luis García-Alcaraz²

, Valeria Martínez-Loya², Liliana Avelar-Sosa²

, Emilio Jiménez-Macías³

and Julio Blanco-Fernández⁴

¹ Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico

² Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico

³ Department of Electrical Engineering, University of La Rioja, 26004 La Rioja, Spain

⁴ Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, 26004 La Rioja, Spain

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010103 - 4 Jan 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5000

Abstract

This paper presents a structural equation model for analyzing the relationship between four latent variables: infrastructure, production processes, transport benefits, and economic benefits within the supply chain for wine from La Rioja, Spain, by incorporating 12 observed variables. The model proposes six hypothesis [...] Read more.

This paper presents a structural equation model for analyzing the relationship between four latent variables: infrastructure, production processes, transport benefits, and economic benefits within the supply chain for wine from La Rioja, Spain, by incorporating 12 observed variables. The model proposes six hypothesis that were tested using information gathered from 64 surveys completed by managers of several wineries in the region. The WarpPLS v.5^® software (Version 5.0, Script Warp Systems, Laredo, TX, USA) was used to execute the model and analyze the direct, indirect, and total effects among latent variables. The results show that the control of production processes is a direct source of economic and transport benefits because of its higher explanatory power of those variables. Similarly, infrastructure is a direct source of transport and production benefits, and some of them are given indirectly. In addition, infrastructure does not have a direct effect on economic benefits; however, there were indirect effects given through production process and transport benefits. Infrastructure is a very important variable because of its influence in the final performance, but also because of its high environmental impact. Finally, economic benefits were explained in 43.8%, 19.1% belonging to production process, 21.1% coming from transport benefits, and 3.7% from infrastructure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Food Supply Chain and Food Industry)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Living in Finland: Combating Climate Change in Everyday Life

by Arto O. Salonen^1,*, Jani Siirilä² and Mikko Valtonen³

¹ R&D Department, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, 00079 Helsinki, Finland

² Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland

³ Faculty of Education, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010104 - 4 Jan 2018

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 17655

Abstract

Finland aims to be a carbon-neutral society by the year 2050. We are interested to know on a general level how sustainable living materializes among Finnish people, what is the structure of a sustainable lifestyle in Finland and how do people reason about [...] Read more.

Finland aims to be a carbon-neutral society by the year 2050. We are interested to know on a general level how sustainable living materializes among Finnish people, what is the structure of a sustainable lifestyle in Finland and how do people reason about their everyday behavior choices in the context of sustainability in order to combat climate change. The data (n = 2052) were collected by questionnaire in April 2017. They were corrected by sex, age and residential area to be representative of the population of Finland (18–79 years old). We applied mixed methods. A principal axis factoring was conducted on the 32 variables with orthogonal rotation (varimax). Six factors explained 65.2% of the variance. The respondents were also able to write why they considered the specific variable to be important for them. We classified 2811 reasonings. According to our results, Finns have become conscious of climate change, but carbon reduction has not become mainstream in their everyday life. Circulation and preventing loss of materials show a promising start to a Finn’s sustainable way of living. Recycling has been automated so that it is part of a Finn’s everyday routine and habits. Finns also favor domestic food and products. They are interested in the origin of materials. Essential reasons for that are supporting the local economy and ensuring a good employment rate for the state. Smart, carbon-free mobility is a challenge. Finns seem to estimate that their personal car use is already at the proper level. On the other hand, even one fifth reported consideration of environmental effects when planning holidays. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 4967 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation Model for Productivity Analysis of External Insulated Precast Concrete Wall System

by Ho Baik¹, Minju Kim¹

, Sang-Heon Lee² and Hunhee Cho^1,*

¹ School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea

² Research and Development Center, Hyundai Development Company, Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do 12750, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010105 - 4 Jan 2018

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 8049

Abstract

External Insulation Finishing System (EIFS) is recognized as a suitable method for attaining energy efficiency of buildings. However, conventional EIFS is not actively applied to building construction due to additional time and cost compared with interior insulation method. Therefore, as an alternative that [...] Read more.

External Insulation Finishing System (EIFS) is recognized as a suitable method for attaining energy efficiency of buildings. However, conventional EIFS is not actively applied to building construction due to additional time and cost compared with interior insulation method. Therefore, as an alternative that can contribute to active utilization of the external insulation system, this study proposes an External Insulated Precast Concrete (PC) Wall System and its simulation for performing productivity analysis. Results of this study are as follows: (1) an external insulated PC-Wall system is developed of which its insulation performance is above 40% higher than that of the conventional EIFS; (2) performance of the developed system satisfied American Standards for Testing of Materials (ASTM) and American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) standards; (3) applicability of the developed system is verified via test-bed with construction time lapsing about 40 min for each PC-Wall; and (4) CYCLONE modeling methodology is employed to perform productivity analysis of the developed system compared with conventional EIFS. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1098 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Smart Cities in Taiwan: A Perspective on Big Data Applications

by Shiann Ming Wu¹

, Tsung-chun Chen¹

, Yenchun Jim Wu^1,2,*

and Miltiadis Lytras^3,4

¹ College of Business Administration, National Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China

² Graduate Institute of Global Business and Strategy, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10645, Taiwan

³ Management Information Systems, The American College of Greece, Athens 15342, Greece

⁴ Distinguished Scientist, King Abdulziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010106 - 4 Jan 2018

Cited by 77 | Viewed by 16316

Abstract

In this paper, we discuss the concept of a smart city based on information and communication technology (ICT), analyze the objectives of smart city development in Taiwan, and explain the supporting technologies that make such development possible. Subsequently, we propose a hierarchical structure [...] Read more.

In this paper, we discuss the concept of a smart city based on information and communication technology (ICT), analyze the objectives of smart city development in Taiwan, and explain the supporting technologies that make such development possible. Subsequently, we propose a hierarchical structure framework of smart city systems with levels of complexity ranging from low to high and interconnections and interactive relationships in five dimensions: the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, Big Data, Mobile Network, and smart business. We integrate each key resource of the core operation systems of cities to promote the innovative operation of cities and further optimize city development. We then propose a Big Data platform data flow framework that uses information from ubiquitous sensor networks and information equipment to analyze the Big Data application process of smart cities and determine the resulting advantages and challenges. Additionally, we analyze the current state of development of smart cities in Taiwan. Finally, we discuss a new philosophy of smart city development and provide a practical blueprint for the formation, operation, and development of the smart cities with the aim of creating a bright future for the smart cities of Taiwan. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Smart Cities and Smart Villages Research)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge-Perception Bridge of Green-Smart Integration of Cities: An Empirical Study of Hong Kong

by Chung-Shing Chan^* and Lawal M. Marafa

Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010107 - 4 Jan 2018

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5157

Abstract

Cities often thematize themselves as attractive and sustainable places by adopting some emerging concepts of urban development. Green city and smart city are two of these themes that contain distinctive but often overlapping attributes. These green and smart city attributes, as proposed in [...] Read more.

Cities often thematize themselves as attractive and sustainable places by adopting some emerging concepts of urban development. Green city and smart city are two of these themes that contain distinctive but often overlapping attributes. These green and smart city attributes, as proposed in previous studies, are tested with a sample of Hong Kong residents (n = 243). This paper identifies the factors in a combined green–smart theme of Hong Kong based on local perception. The empirical results confirm that local residents believe Hong Kong is performing smarter than greener. The findings from factor analysis reveal a combined green–smart structure consisting of one mixed green–smart infrastructural elements and six other specific factors about greenness or smartness. Regression also builds up two models showing the locally-perceived determinants of a successful green city and smart city for Hong Kong, respectively. This study reflects a complexity–simplicity paradox of how decision makers should respond to a knowledge–perception gap. The result further confirms that human factor, including the engagement and the quality of societal actors, is the key to successful green and smart urban development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 511 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transforming Municipal Services to Transform Cities: Understanding the Role and Influence of the Private Sector

by Sara Hughes^* and Jacqueline Peterson

Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G3, Canada

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010108 - 4 Jan 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4575

Abstract

Municipal services—such as water, energy, and waste management—play a significant role in shaping the sustainability of cities. In many places, these services are also fully or partially delivered by the private sector, but we are only beginning to understand the implications this has [...] Read more.

Municipal services—such as water, energy, and waste management—play a significant role in shaping the sustainability of cities. In many places, these services are also fully or partially delivered by the private sector, but we are only beginning to understand the implications this has for the politics and administration of urban sustainability initiatives. In this paper, we use the case of organics waste recycling in the Twin Cities, Minnesota to identify and discuss three ways private sector engagement can shift the political and administrative landscapes of municipal service delivery: through the presence and form of accountability mechanisms, norms and conditions for entrepreneurship, and the feasibility and appropriateness of traditional policy tools for achieving urban sustainability transformations. The analysis highlights the need to better understand best practices available to local governments for pursuing urban sustainability in the context of privatization, the importance of public sector capacity, and the potential for corporate social responsibility in municipal service delivery. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 13639 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Interaction of City and Water in the Yangtze River Delta, a Natural/Artificial Comparison with Euro Delta

by Yan Wang^1,2,*, Wei Dong¹ and Luuk Boelens²

¹ School of Architecture, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China

² Center for Mobility and Spatial Planning, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B2-1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010109 - 8 Jan 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 7199

Abstract

Metropolitan deltas have much in common because of similar urban water management conditions. This paper will introduce the interaction of urban development and water management in and around the Yangtze River Delta from a historical perspective. It will compare the Yangtze River Delta [...] Read more.

Metropolitan deltas have much in common because of similar urban water management conditions. This paper will introduce the interaction of urban development and water management in and around the Yangtze River Delta from a historical perspective. It will compare the Yangtze River Delta with a short overview of the historic water urban developments in the Euro Delta. This paper will explore the importance of the variations of both delta areas, especially regarding the similarities and differences in urban morphology and delta governance. In conclusion, we will outline new challenges of resilient urban water management in both delta areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Water Management)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2406 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Carbon Emission Performance of Independent Oil and Natural Gas Producers in the United States

by Derek Wang^* and Tianchi Li

Business School, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010110 - 8 Jan 2018

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5345

Abstract

The oil and natural gas producers have undergone a lot of pressures to curb their carbon emissions as part of the global efforts to address the climate change problem. This paper aims to examine the carbon emission performance of a set of independent [...] Read more.

The oil and natural gas producers have undergone a lot of pressures to curb their carbon emissions as part of the global efforts to address the climate change problem. This paper aims to examine the carbon emission performance of a set of independent oil and natural gas producers in the United States for the period 2011–2015. For each producer, we manually collect its drilling, oil production and gas production data from the annual reports, and extract the carbon emissions data from the EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP). We develop empirical models based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach and the Malmquist index measurement. The proposed DEA models generate unified efficiency scores to capture the carbon emission performance under natural disposability and managerial disposability respectively. Then the DEA-based Malmquist indexes are derived to measure the change of carbon emission performance over time. We are able to identify climate leaders and laggards among the producers. Furthermore, we find that the performance has improved from 2012 to 2015 under natural disposability. Under managerial disposability, the indexes exhibit significantly greater dispersions than the indexes under natural disposability, and there is an industry-wide loss of efficiency in terms of technical change. The sustainable development of the independent oil and gas producers requires them to invest more in emission mitigation measures, such as energy conservation, leak detection and repair, flaring reduction, and even renewable energy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2148 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Total Factor Energy Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors on Key Energy-Intensive Industries in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

by Jinchao Li^1,2,*, Yuwei Xiang¹, Huanyu Jia¹ and Lin Chen¹

¹ School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

² Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low-Carbon Development, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010111 - 5 Jan 2018

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4836

Abstract

In order to realize the synergistic optimization management of energy efficiency in the key energy-intensive industries of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) region, this paper calculates the total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) of 27 industries in the Jing-Jin-Ji region. We discover that the manufacturing of [...] Read more.

In order to realize the synergistic optimization management of energy efficiency in the key energy-intensive industries of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) region, this paper calculates the total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) of 27 industries in the Jing-Jin-Ji region. We discover that the manufacturing of raw chemical materials and chemical products, the smelting and processing of ferrous metals, and the production and supply of electric power and heat power are key industries, considering their economic output ratio, energy consumption ratio, and energy efficiency. Then, the Malmquist index is used to decompose the TFEE of key energy-intensive industries. The results show that the TFEE changes in the three major industries in the Jing-Jin-Ji region are caused by technological progress. Hebei has the highest total factor average energy efficiency in the production and supply of electric power and heat power industry, the main reason for this being the spillover effect from Beijing enterprises that have led to significant technological changes in Hebei. Due to similar technological advancements, Tianjin has the highest total factor average energy efficiency in the manufacturing of raw chemical materials and chemical products and the smelting and processing of ferrous metals. Therefore, the Jing-Jin-Ji region should work to increase its technological innovation and enhance its core competitiveness. We should optimize the allocation of resources in specific industries to improve the scale efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Cooperation for the Sustainable Development and Management in Northeast Asia)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 14239 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Generated by Building and Traffic in Taichung City

by Chou-Tsang Chang

and Tzu-Ping Lin^*

Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010112 - 5 Jan 2018

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5348

Abstract

The emissions of carbon dioxide generated by urban traffic is generally reflected by urban size. In order to discuss the traffic volume generated in developed buildings and road crossings in a single urban block, with the metropolitan area in Taichung, Taiwan as an [...] Read more.

The emissions of carbon dioxide generated by urban traffic is generally reflected by urban size. In order to discuss the traffic volume generated in developed buildings and road crossings in a single urban block, with the metropolitan area in Taichung, Taiwan as an example, this study calculates the mutual relationship between the carbon dioxide generated by the traffic volume and building development scale, in order to research energy consumption and relevance. In this research, the entire-day traffic volume of an important road crossing is subject to statistical analysis to obtain the prediction formula of total passenger car units in the main road crossing within 24 h. Then, the total CO₂ emissions generated by the traffic volume in the entire year is calculated according to the investigation data of peak traffic hours within 16 blocks and the influential factors of the development scale of 95 buildings are counted. Finally, this research found that there is a passenger car unit of 4.72 generated in each square meter of land in the urban block every day, 0.99 in each square meter of floor area in the building and the average annual total CO₂ emissions of each passenger car unit is 41.4 kgCO₂/yr. In addition, the basic information of an integrated road system and traffic volume is used to present a readable urban traffic hot map, which can calculate a distribution map of passenger car units within one day in Taichung. This research unit can be used to forecast the development scale of various buildings in future urban blocks, in order to provide an effective approach to estimate the carbon dioxide generated by the traffic volume. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Built Environment and Urban Growth Management)

▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

15 pages, 229 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on Creative Climate in Project-Organized Groups (POGs) in China and Implications for Sustainable Pedagogy

by Chunfang Zhou

Department of Planning, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010114 - 5 Jan 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3301

Abstract

This paper aims to explore a research question: what are the drivers and barriers to fostering a creative climate in POGs in China and how to improve POGs towards a better sustainable pedagogy? Theoretically, this paper bridges studies on creativity, collaborative learning, creative [...] Read more.

This paper aims to explore a research question: what are the drivers and barriers to fostering a creative climate in POGs in China and how to improve POGs towards a better sustainable pedagogy? Theoretically, this paper bridges studies on creativity, collaborative learning, creative climate, and sustainable pedagogy in one framework. Empirically, mixed methods of quantitative questionnaire survey (n = 126) and qualitative interviews (n = 15) were used to collect data. The findings demonstrate that the drivers to a creative climate include the challenge of the task, openness, trust between peers, experts’ help, and group diversity, etc. However, some group problems, such as poor management, lacking of supervision supports, and students’ fear of authority, etc., are barriers to a creative climate. This implies the needs of restructuring the relationships between teachers and students in POGs in order to improve it as a better sustainable pedagogy. Full article

12 pages, 536 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Technology Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Using Bayesian and Social Network Models

by Juhwan Kim¹

, Sunghae Jun², Dongsik Jang³ and Sangsung Park^1,*

¹ Graduate School of Management of Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea

² Department of Statistics, Cheongju University, Chungbuk 28503, Korea

³ Department of Industrial Management Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010115 - 5 Jan 2018

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6165

Abstract

Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to a significant increase in the use of AI technologies. Many experts are researching and developing AI technologies in their respective fields, often submitting papers and patent applications as a result. In particular, owing to [...] Read more.

Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to a significant increase in the use of AI technologies. Many experts are researching and developing AI technologies in their respective fields, often submitting papers and patent applications as a result. In particular, owing to the characteristics of the patent system that is used to protect the exclusive rights to registered technology, patent documents contain detailed information on the developed technology. Therefore, in this study, we propose a statistical method for analyzing patent data on AI technology to improve our understanding of sustainable technology in the field of AI. We collect patent documents that are related to AI technology, and then analyze the patent data to identify sustainable AI technology. In our analysis, we develop a statistical method that combines social network analysis and Bayesian modeling. Based on the results of the proposed method, we provide a technological structure that can be applied to understand the sustainability of AI technology. To show how the proposed method can be applied to a practical problem, we apply the technological structure to a case study in order to analyze sustainable AI technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 207 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Motives for Corporate Social Responsibility in Chinese Food Companies

by Dongyong Zhang¹, Qiaoyun Ma^1,* and Stephen Morse²

¹ College of Information and Management Science, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzi Lake Campus, Zhengzhou East New District, Zhengzhou 450046, China

² Centre for Environment and Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010117 - 5 Jan 2018

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 6383

Abstract

This paper explores the connection between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and food safety and how best to promote CSR in Chinese food companies by comparing two groups of food companies, one which had food safety incidents in the previous three years and one [...] Read more.

This paper explores the connection between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and food safety and how best to promote CSR in Chinese food companies by comparing two groups of food companies, one which had food safety incidents in the previous three years and one which had no food safety incidents during the same period. Managers of 498 food companies in 17 regions of China were surveyed. It was found that companies where the senior management gave higher levels of support and commitment to CSR and companies that had higher levels of CSR engagement had lower food safety incident rates. Motives for CSR engagement by food companies are the expected benefits that might accrue to the company including helping to achieve strategic objectives, improving daily management, ensuring food safety, improving internal cooperation, enhancing food quality, improving employees’ skills at work, increasing employee benefit and improving their morale, and maintaining business integrity. It was also found that the external factors for CSR engagement are consumer demand, as well as pressures from the government and from other companies in the supply chain. Finally, the paper makes a number of suggestions for improvements in policy. Full article

11 pages, 1341 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cost Forecasting of Substation Projects Based on Cuckoo Search Algorithm and Support Vector Machines

by Dongxiao Niu, Weibo Zhao^*

, Si Li and Rongjun Chen

School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010118 - 5 Jan 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4158

Abstract

Accurate prediction of substation project cost is helpful to improve the investment management and sustainability. It is also directly related to the economy of substation project. Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) can decompose variables with non-stationary sequence signals into significant regularity and periodicity, [...] Read more.

Accurate prediction of substation project cost is helpful to improve the investment management and sustainability. It is also directly related to the economy of substation project. Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) can decompose variables with non-stationary sequence signals into significant regularity and periodicity, which is helpful in improving the accuracy of prediction model. Adding the Gauss perturbation to the traditional Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm can improve the searching vigor and precision of CS algorithm. Thus, the parameters and kernel functions of Support Vector Machines (SVM) model are optimized. By comparing the prediction results with other models, this model has higher prediction accuracy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Circular Economy, Ethical Funds, and Engineering Projects)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1528 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Evaluation System for University–Industry Partnership Sustainability: Enhancing Options for Entrepreneurial Universities

by Artūras Kaklauskas^1,*, Audrius Banaitis¹

, Fernando A. F. Ferreira^2,3, João J. M. Ferreira⁴

, Dilanthi Amaratunga⁵, Natalija Lepkova¹, Ieva Ubartė¹ and Nerija Banaitienė¹

¹ Department of Construction Management and Real Estate, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio al. 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania

² ISCTE Business School, BRU-IUL, University Institute of Lisbon, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal

³ Fogelman College of Business and Economics, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152-3120, USA

⁴ Department of Business and Economics, NECE Research Unit, University of Beira Interior, Estrada do Sineiro, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal

⁵ Global Disaster Resilience Centre, School of Art, Design and Architecture, University of Huddersfield, QSBG/22 Queens Street Building, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010119 - 5 Jan 2018

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 8772

Abstract

The concept of university–industry partnership sustainability (UIPS) stands for well-adjusted progress among key players from universities and industry by sustaining their welfare, both in the present and in the future. This paper sought to develop an evaluation system for UIPS. The need for [...] Read more.

The concept of university–industry partnership sustainability (UIPS) stands for well-adjusted progress among key players from universities and industry by sustaining their welfare, both in the present and in the future. This paper sought to develop an evaluation system for UIPS. The need for such a system is justified at three levels: the micro level (i.e., research and innovation performance, transfer and absorptive capability, and technology development), the meso level (i.e., institutional arrangements, communication networks, and local and indigenous rules) and the macro level (i.e., supply and demand, regulations, financing, taxes, culture, traditions, market, climate, politics, demographics, and technology). The UIPS evaluation system developed in this study offers the possibility of calculating a fair value of UIPS and providing recommendations for improving university–industry (U–I) partnerships. This can be of great importance for entrepreneurial universities that would like to strengthen their corporate links and/or reduce/reverse the “hollowing effect” of globalisation in disadvantaged regions. Additionally, this paper also contains discussions on the advantages, limitations, and managerial implications of this proposal. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Advanced Methodologies for Sustainability Assessment: Theory and Practice)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 524 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Energy Efficiency of Intensive Rice Production in Japan: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis

by Kiyotaka Masuda

Department of Biological Resources Management, School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010120 - 6 Jan 2018

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 6806

Abstract

Intensive rice production has contributed to feeding the world’s growing world population, but it has also increased fossil energy consumption. This paper examines the effect of increasing the scale of rice farming on the energy efficiency of intensive rice production in Japan. A [...] Read more.

Intensive rice production has contributed to feeding the world’s growing world population, but it has also increased fossil energy consumption. This paper examines the effect of increasing the scale of rice farming on the energy efficiency of intensive rice production in Japan. A data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach is used to calculate energy efficiency scores and identify operational targets. A window analysis technique is applied to the 2005–2011 statistical data, with nine scales of rice farming, ranging from <0.5 ha to ≥15 ha. Six energy inputs (fossil fuels, electricity, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural services, and agricultural machinery) and the weight-based rice yield are selected as the DEA inputs and the DEA output, respectively. The results show that the energy efficiency scores range from 0.732 for farms of 1 ha to <2 ha, to 0.988 for farms ≥15 ha. Overall, increasing the scale of rice farming in Japan improves energy efficiency because of a great reduction in the energy consumed per unit area by agricultural machinery and agricultural services. These findings suggest that increasing the scale of farming is an effective way to enhance the energy efficiency of highly mechanized rice production in developed countries, such as Japan. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food-Energy-Water Nexus: Towards New Thinking and Action)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 609 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gender Factors and Inclusive Economic Growth: The Silent Revolution

by Laura Cabeza-García^1,*

, Esther B. Del Brio² and Mery Luz Oscanoa-Victorio³

¹ Department of Business Management, University of León, 24071 León, Spain

² IME, Center of Women Studies, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain

³ School of Economics, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, 0051063 Pasco, Peru

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010121 - 6 Jan 2018

Cited by 39 | Viewed by 13658

Abstract

The gender factors that trigger economic growth in both high- and low-income countries were investigated in this study. To address these gender factors, four characteristic dimensions of gender inclusion were considered: education, access to the labor market, fertility, and democracy. The relationship between [...] Read more.

The gender factors that trigger economic growth in both high- and low-income countries were investigated in this study. To address these gender factors, four characteristic dimensions of gender inclusion were considered: education, access to the labor market, fertility, and democracy. The relationship between economic growth and gender factors was analyzed in a sample of 127 countries. Value and robustness were added to the results using dynamic models applied to panel data while accounting for endogeneity. We conclude that high fertility in women has negative effects on economic growth. However, when women have greater access to secondary education and the labor market in conditions of equality, the effects are positive. Similarly, the access of women to active political participation has significant effects on economic growth. Overall, this study helps identify which gender factors may promote inclusive economic growth, which is economic growth achieved when both men and women are incorporated in equal conditions. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 3313 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Urban Water Management: Application for Integrated Assessment in Southeast Asia

by Shokhrukh-Mirzo Jalilov^*, Mohamed Kefi, Pankaj Kumar

, Yoshifumi Masago

and Binaya Kumar Mishra

Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, United Nations University (UNU-IAS), Tokyo 150-8925, Japan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010122 - 6 Jan 2018

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 8825

Abstract

The design, development, and operation of current and future urban water infrastructure in many parts of the world increasingly rely on and apply the principles of sustainable development. However, this approach suffers from a lack of the necessary knowledge, skills, and practice of [...] Read more.

The design, development, and operation of current and future urban water infrastructure in many parts of the world increasingly rely on and apply the principles of sustainable development. However, this approach suffers from a lack of the necessary knowledge, skills, and practice of how sustainable development can be attained and promoted in a given city. This paper presents the framework of an integrated systems approach analysis that deals with the abovementioned issues. The “Water and Urban Initiative” project, which was implemented by the United Nations University’s Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, focused on urban water and wastewater systems, floods, and their related health risk assessment, and the economics of water quality improvements. A team of researchers has investigated issues confronting cities in the developing countries of Southeast Asia, in relation to sustainable urban water management in the face of such ongoing changes as rapid population growth, economic development, and climate change; they have also run future scenarios and proposed policy recommendations for decision-makers in selected countries in Southeast Asia. The results, lessons, and practical recommendations of this project could contribute to the ongoing policy debates and decision-making processes in these countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2856 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Landscape Changes in Rural Areas: A Focus on Sardinian Territory

by Mara Balestrieri^1,* and Amedeo Ganciu²

¹ Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy

² Department of Architecture and Design (DiAP), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Gramsci 53, 00197 Roma, Italy

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010123 - 7 Jan 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4664

Abstract

During the past decades the Italian rural landscape has undergone drastic alterations as a result of complex and contradictory transformation dynamics. This paper aims to investigate and evaluate these alterations in Sardinia, one of the most rural Italian regions. Land-use maps from different [...] Read more.

During the past decades the Italian rural landscape has undergone drastic alterations as a result of complex and contradictory transformation dynamics. This paper aims to investigate and evaluate these alterations in Sardinia, one of the most rural Italian regions. Land-use maps from different years were studied to identify the dominant rural landscape features of the region and the transformations they were subjected to over the course of time. The analysis investigates changes on three geographical scales: region, provinces, and “agrarian regions”. An overall economic balance of landscape changes was calculated from the value ascribed to types of land use on the basis of the allowances (compensation for expropriation) provided by the local authorities (Provincial Commissions). This economic balance was considered in light of the regional policies which accompanied it. Results partially confirm the national and European general trend of loss of agricultural land when it is converted to new forms of exploitation. The analysis at different geographical scales has, in some cases, revealed data against the general trend, especially for some agricultural regions and for certain agricultural products. There is consistent with economic balance. This shows the need of a deep ex post evaluation of the effects of policies financed by regional and national community funds on the evolution of Sardinian landscapes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

30 pages, 1829 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors That Influence Renewable Energy Technological Innovation in China: A Dynamic Panel Approach

by Zheng-Xia He¹, Shi-Chun Xu^2,*

, Qin-Bin Li³ and Bin Zhao³

¹ College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

² Management School, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

³ Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010124 - 7 Jan 2018

Cited by 80 | Viewed by 9610

Abstract

We examine the driving effects of various factors on technological innovation to renewables (TIRES), focusing on a set of 29 provinces in China, and apply a dynamic panel approach. China has become a leading player in research and development spending in renewables, and [...] Read more.

We examine the driving effects of various factors on technological innovation to renewables (TIRES), focusing on a set of 29 provinces in China, and apply a dynamic panel approach. China has become a leading player in research and development spending in renewables, and the dynamic panel estimators we use prove themselves to be suitable in handling the persistent effect on TIRES. The level of TIRES in the previous periods is positively and highly correlated with that in the current period and confirmed the need for a stable and consistent policy support for renewables. Electricity consumption is the most important driver for all renewables and wind energy, but the driving effect was weaker for solar energy and biomass. Research and development intensity is the most important driver for biomass, but is only the second most important driver for all renewables, solar energy and wind energy. Unexpectedly, electricity price has had significant negative impacts on TIRES, which reveals that lowering electricity prices will lead to higher innovation in renewables. The driving effect of renewable energy tariff surcharge subsidy is not significant, which means that Chinese subsidy policy has not played the desired role. The driving effect of installed renewable energy capacity is also minimal, which may be due to the fact that overcapacity will hinder TIRES in China. This paper may help policy-makers and the industry understand how to promote TIRES in China effectively based on these above influential factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact and Innovation of Wind Turbine Technologies)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 4351 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Two Scenarios for Landfills Design in Special Conditions Using the HELP Model: A Case Study in Babylon Governorate, Iraq

by Ali Chabuk^1,2, Nadhir Al-Ansari^1,*

, Mohammad Ezz-Aldeen³, Jan Laue¹, Roland Pusch¹, Hussain Musa Hussain⁴ and Sven Knutsson¹

¹ Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 971 87 Lulea, Sweden

² Department of Environment Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon 51001, Iraq

³ Department of Dams and Water Resources Engineering, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq

⁴ Remote Sensing Center, University of Kufa, Kufa 51001, Iraq

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010125 - 7 Jan 2018

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 9816

Abstract

The sound design of landfills is essential in order to protect human health and the environment (air, water, and soil). The study area, Babylon Governorate, is situated in the middle of Iraq, and is distinguished by a hot climate and shallow groundwater. The [...] Read more.

The sound design of landfills is essential in order to protect human health and the environment (air, water, and soil). The study area, Babylon Governorate, is situated in the middle of Iraq, and is distinguished by a hot climate and shallow groundwater. The governorate did not have landfill sites that meet international criteria; in addition, the groundwater depth in Babylon Governorate is commonly shallow. Previously, the most important criteria for the study area and GIS software were used to select the best sites for locating landfills in the major cities of the governorate. In this study, the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP 3.95D) model was applied in order to ensure that there was no leakage of the leachate that results from the waste in the selected landfill sites. It is the most commonly utilized model for landfill design, and it is used to estimate water inflow through the soil layers. For the present study, to avoid groundwater pollution by leachate from a landfill site due to the shallow groundwater depth, compacted waste was placed on the surface using two height scenarios (2 m and 4 m). This design was developed using the soil properties of the selected sites coupled with the weather parameters in Babylon Governorate (precipitation, temperature, solar, and evapotranspiration) for a 12-year period covering 2005 to 2016. The results from both of the suggested landfill designs showed an absence of leachate from the bottom liner. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 7174 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Approach to Evaluate Comprehensive Plan and Identify Priority Lands for Future Land Use Development to Conserve More Ecological Values

by Long Zhou¹

, Yao Wu^1,2,*, Tom Woodfin³, Rong Zhu² and Tian Chen⁴

¹ Faculty of Urban Management and Studies, City University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China

² College of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China

³ College of Architecture, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA

⁴ Department of Urban Design and Planning, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010126 - 8 Jan 2018

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4959

Abstract

Urbanization has significant impacts on the regional environmental quality through altering natural lands, converting them to urban built-up areas. One common strategy applied by urban planners to manage urbanization and preserve natural resources is to make a comprehensive plan and concentrate future land [...] Read more.

Urbanization has significant impacts on the regional environmental quality through altering natural lands, converting them to urban built-up areas. One common strategy applied by urban planners to manage urbanization and preserve natural resources is to make a comprehensive plan and concentrate future land use in certain areas. However, in practice, planners used to make future land use planning mainly based on their subjective interpretations with limited ecological supporting evidence and analysis. Here, we propose a new approach composed of ecological modelling and land use zoning in the spatial matrix to evaluate the comprehensive plan and identify priority lands for sustainable land use planning. We use the city of Corvallis, OR, as the test bed to demonstrate this new approach. The results indicate that the Corvallis Comprehensive Plan 1998–2020 featured with compact development is not performing efficiently in conserving ecological values, and the land use plan featured with mixed-use spreading development generated by the proposed approach meets the city’s land demands for urban growth, and conserves 103% more ecological value of retaining storm water nitrogen, 270% more ecological value of retaining storm water phosphorus and 19% more ecological value in storing carbon in the whole watershed. This study indicates that if planned with scientific analysis and evidence, spreading urban development does not necessarily result in less sustainable urban environment than the compact development recommended in smart growth. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 7151 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Catalyst-Free Biodiesel Production Methods: A Comparative Technical and Environmental Evaluation

by Oseweuba Valentine Okoro¹

, Zhifa Sun^1,* and John Birch²

¹ Department of Physics, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand

² Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010127 - 8 Jan 2018

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 6902

Abstract

In response to existing global focus on improved biodiesel production methods via highly efficient catalyst-free high temperature and high pressure technologies, this study considered the comparative study of catalyst-free technologies for biodiesel production as an important research area. In this study, therefore, catalyst-free [...] Read more.

In response to existing global focus on improved biodiesel production methods via highly efficient catalyst-free high temperature and high pressure technologies, this study considered the comparative study of catalyst-free technologies for biodiesel production as an important research area. In this study, therefore, catalyst-free integrated subcritical lipid hydrolysis and supercritical esterification and catalyst-free one step supercritical transesterification processes for biodiesel production have been evaluated via undertaking straight forward comparative energetic and environmental assessments. Energetic comparisons were undertaken after heat integration was performed since energy reduction has favourable effects on the environmental performance of chemical processes. The study confirmed that both processes are capable of producing biodiesel of high purity with catalyst-free integrated subcritical lipid hydrolysis and supercritical esterification characterised by a greater energy cost than catalyst-free one step supercritical transesterification processes for an equivalent biodiesel productivity potential. It was demonstrated that a one-step supercritical transesterification for biodiesel production presents an energetically more favourable catalyst-free biodiesel production pathway compared to the integrated subcritical lipid hydrolysis and supercritical esterification biodiesel production process. The one-step supercritical transesterification for biodiesel production was also shown to present an improved environmental performance compared to the integrated subcritical lipid hydrolysis and supercritical esterification biodiesel production process. This is because of the higher potential environment impact calculated for the integrated subcritical lipid hydrolysis and supercritical esterification compared to the potential environment impact calculated for the supercritical transesterification process, when all material and energy flows are considered. Finally the major contributors to the environmental outcomes of both processes were also clearly elucidated. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1937 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Informal Land Development on the Urban Fringe

by Jihong Li^1,*, Rongxu Qiu², Kaiming Li³ and Wei Xu⁴

¹ Forestry College Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

² City Planning, City of Edmonton, Edmonton, AB T5J0J4, Canada

³ Department of Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

⁴ Department of Geography, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K6T5, Canada

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010128 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6042

Abstract

Urban fringes are an important part of urban growth. In addition to formal land markets, a variety of informal land development methods make urban fringes the most dynamic and complicated areas. The analysis of land transfer and development systems in these areas opens [...] Read more.

Urban fringes are an important part of urban growth. In addition to formal land markets, a variety of informal land development methods make urban fringes the most dynamic and complicated areas. The analysis of land transfer and development systems in these areas opens a significant window to understanding the modern processes of urbanization and human and property rights in urban areas in China. This study uses Shanghai as a case study target and identifies specific modes of local land development and investigates how collective participants, government agencies, regulatory policies, and various actors are involved in land development and decision making. The in-depth analysis and case studies indicate that the variety of informal land markets in Shanghai reflects the inherent demands of the market for allocation of land resources within the constraints of the given system and against the given development background. However, conflicts between the mode of the market and the existing institutional constraints reflect the uncoordinated development of the land and the economic and social development around the urban fringe. The empirical results of this paper suggest that government administration should improve the land market system, strengthen the planning of control and guidance, rationalize the distribution of interests in land development, and strengthen the supervision of management of land development enterprises. Instead of fragmented aspects, this paper proposes a systematic analytical approach to understanding the informal land development in a city from an urban planning and land resource management perspective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustaining Suburbia: Reassessing the Policies, Systems, and Form of Decentralized Growth)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3265 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Status of and Perspectives on River Restoration in Europe: 310,000 Euros per Hectare of Restored River

by Ewelina Szałkiewicz¹, Szymon Jusik² and Mateusz Grygoruk^3,*

¹ Department of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland

² Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland

³ Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010129 - 8 Jan 2018

Cited by 58 | Viewed by 7176

Abstract

The purpose of the present research was to analyze the available data on river restoration projects in Europe. As the framework of our study, we conducted a structured international survey. We asked selected entities and experts from among those responsible for river restoration [...] Read more.

The purpose of the present research was to analyze the available data on river restoration projects in Europe. As the framework of our study, we conducted a structured international survey. We asked selected entities and experts from among those responsible for river restoration in European countries about the details and costs of European Union river restoration projects. We examined 119 river restoration projects that were implemented in Europe between 1989 and 2016; during the collection of data, some of the projects were still ongoing. Based upon the collected data we observed that the number of river restoration projects has been increasing since 1989, which expresses society’s growing interest in improving the quality of aquatic environments. We revealed that 56% of these European river restoration projects have been implemented by dedicated entities and stakeholders, not as part of any structured, larger-scale river restoration policy. This indicates that most European countries do not have integrated plans for river restoration. Our analysis showed that 52% of the projects analyzed have been designed and implemented without the participation of local stakeholders. It also showed that the budgets for river restoration projects did not differ significantly across various time horizons from 1989 to 2016. In our study, the average cost of restoring 1 ha of an European river was 310,000 euros (EUR). Considering these projects’ permanent assets and including their amortization, we calculated the average unit price of a river restoration’s value in terms of ecosystem meta-service to be 7757 EUR·ha⁻¹·year⁻¹. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Resources Economics)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 6089 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bio-Inspired Sustainability Assessment for Building Product Development—Concept and Case Study

by Rafael Horn^1,*, Hanaa Dahy^2,3, Johannes Gantner¹, Olga Speck⁴

and Philip Leistner⁵

¹ Department of Life Cycle Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP, 70563 Stuttgart, Germany

² BioMat Department: Bio-Based Materials and Materials Cycles in Architecture, Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design, University of Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany

³ Faculty of Engineering, Department of Architecture (FEDA), Ain Shams University, 11517 Cairo, Egypt

⁴ Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany

⁵ Institute for Acoustics and Building Physics, University of Stuttgart, 79569 Stuttgart, Germany

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010130 - 8 Jan 2018

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 9925

Abstract

Technological advancement culminating in a globalized economy has brought tremendous improvements for mankind in manifold respects but comes at the cost of alienation from nature. Human activities nowadays are unsustainable and cause severe damage especially in terms of global depletion and destabilization of [...] Read more.

Technological advancement culminating in a globalized economy has brought tremendous improvements for mankind in manifold respects but comes at the cost of alienation from nature. Human activities nowadays are unsustainable and cause severe damage especially in terms of global depletion and destabilization of natural systems but also harm its own social resources. In this paper, a sustainability assessment method is developed based on a bio-inspired sustainability framework that has been developed in the project TRR 141-C01 “The biomimetic promise.” It is aims at regaining the advantages of societal embeddedness in its environment through biological inspiration. The method is developed using a structured approach including requirement specification, description of the inventory models on bio-inspiration and sustainability assessment, creation of a bio-inspired sustainability assessment model and its validation. It is defined as an accompanying assessment for decision support, using a six-fold two-dimensional structure of social, economic and environmental functions and burdens. The method is applied and validated in 6 projects of TRR 141 and its applicability is exemplarily shown by the assessment of “Bio-flexi”, a biobased and biodegradable natural fiber reinforced plastic composite for indoor cladding applications. Based on the findings of the application the assessment method itself is proposed to be advanced towards an adaptive structure and a consequent outlook is provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Construction)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 801 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Overcoming the Barriers to the Diffusion of Sustainability Reporting in Italian LGOs: Better Stick or Carrot?

by Davide Giacomini^1,*

, Laura Rocca², Cristian Carini²

and Mario Mazzoleni¹

¹ Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia, Contrada Santa Chiara, 50, 25122 Brescia, Italy

² Department of Law, University of Brescia, Contrada Santa Chiara, 50, 25122 Brescia, Italy

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010131 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4323

Abstract

The role of public-sector organizations (PSOs) in promoting the agenda of sustainability accounting and accountability is not often adequately considered. In the public sector realm, local governments are close to their communities and thus have a particularly important role to play in the [...] Read more.

The role of public-sector organizations (PSOs) in promoting the agenda of sustainability accounting and accountability is not often adequately considered. In the public sector realm, local governments are close to their communities and thus have a particularly important role to play in the pursuit of sustainability goals. Hence, further research is needed to understand if Local Government Organizations (LGOs) are using reporting tools to promote sustainable development. The empirical data showed that the Sustainability Report (SR) is not being as widely used as in past years. Over time, the majority of Italian municipalities have not initiated or continued sustainability reporting due to some barriers including cost reduction, voluntariness, and low SR effectiveness. The findings suggest the popularity of SRs in Italy is falling and the SR tool appears to be “mere trend reporting based on descriptive indicators leading to decreasing interest from internal and external audiences”. The carrot has been unsuccessful. Perhaps the implementation of mandatory requirements could alternatively be used as a stick. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Measuring International Migration in Azerbaijan

by Serhat Yüksel¹

, Shahriyar Mukhtarov^2,3, Ceyhun Mahmudlu^4,5, Jeyhun I. Mikayilov^6,7,* and Anar Iskandarov^4,8

¹ School of Business, İstanbul Medipol University, Kavacık Mah. Ekinciler Cad. No. 19 Kavacık Kavşağı—Beykoz, İstanbul 34810, Turkey

² Department of Economics and Management, Khazar University, Mehseti Str. 41, Baku AZ1096, Azerbaijan

³ Department of Economics and Management, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Istiqlaliyyat Str. 6, Baku AZ1141, Azerbaijan

⁴ Department of International Relations, Baku Engineering University, Hasan Aliyev 120, Khirdalan AZ0101, Azerbaijan

⁵ Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Husein Javid Avenue 115, Baku AZ1096, Azerbaijan

⁶ King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, P.O. Box 88550, Riyadh 11672, Saudi Arabia

⁷ Department of Statistics, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Istiqlaliyyat Str. 6, Baku AZ1141, Azerbaijan

⁸ International Border Management Unit, International Organization for Migration Mission in Azerbaijan, Baku AZ1096, Azerbaijan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010132 - 10 Jan 2018

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 7049

Abstract

International migration significantly affects economic, social, cultural, and political factors of the country. Owing to this situation, it can be said that the reasons of international migration should be analyzed in order to control this problem. The purpose of this study is to [...] Read more.

International migration significantly affects economic, social, cultural, and political factors of the country. Owing to this situation, it can be said that the reasons of international migration should be analyzed in order to control this problem. The purpose of this study is to determine the influencing factors of international migration in Azerbaijan. In this scope, annual data of 11 explanatory variables for the period of 1995–2015 was analyzed via Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) method. According to the results of this analysis, it was identified that people prefer to move other countries in case of high unemployment rates. In addition, the results of the study show that population growth and high mortality rate increases the migration level. While considering these results, it was recommended that Azerbaijan should focus on these aspects to control international migration problem. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Migration Management, ICTs' enhanced Responses and Policy Making: Towards Human Centric Migration Management Systems)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 708 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Empirical Study on Design Partner Selection in Green Product Collaboration Design

by Aijun Liu^1,2, Haiyang Liu^1,*, Yaxuan Xiao¹, Sang-Bing Tsai^3,4,*

and Hui Lu⁵

¹ Department of Management Engineering, School of Economics & Management, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, Shaanxi, China

² State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China

³ Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong, China

⁴ Economics and Management College, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China

⁵ Tianhua College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201815, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010133 - 8 Jan 2018

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4261

Abstract

Green production has become an important issue in PCD (Product Collaboration Design) for almost every enterprise, and will determine the sustainability of enterprises in the long term. The choice of design partner is a necessary condition in order to achieve green production. For [...] Read more.

Green production has become an important issue in PCD (Product Collaboration Design) for almost every enterprise, and will determine the sustainability of enterprises in the long term. The choice of design partner is a necessary condition in order to achieve green production. For the uncertain, fuzzy, and dynamic information such as unknown indices and weights, fuzzy semantics, and dynamic time factors in GPCD (Green Product Collaboration Design), a two-stage dynamic hybrid MADM (Multi-Attribute Decision Making) approach based on fuzzy DEMATEL (Decision-Making and Trial Evaluation Laboratory), fuzzy KMA (Karnik–Mendel Algorithm), and fuzzy VIKOR (VlseKriterjumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) was proposed. In the first stage, fuzzy DEMATEL was used to determine the evaluation indices. Then, in the second stage, to accurately depict the dynamic information generated by the different phases of a product design, the dynamic evaluation method based on fuzzy theories was employed, and the weights of the indices were calculated by fuzzy KMA, then sorted by fuzzy VIKOR. Finally, a case study and a comparative analysis wre provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 7123 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulating the Impact of Carbon Taxes on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Nutrition in the UK

by Cesar Revoredo-Giha^1,*, Neil Chalmers² and Faical Akaichi¹

¹ Land Economy Environment and Society, SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK

² Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB24 2ZD, UK

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010134 - 8 Jan 2018

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6683

Abstract

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with food consumption have become particularly pertinent issues given recent warnings that the planet recently has experienced its hottest year. One way proposed to reduce those emissions is through a carbon consumption taxes. This study uses consumption, nutrient [...] Read more.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with food consumption have become particularly pertinent issues given recent warnings that the planet recently has experienced its hottest year. One way proposed to reduce those emissions is through a carbon consumption taxes. This study uses consumption, nutrient and GHG emission data to estimate the impact of two ad-valorem taxes: one applied by food category and another by the carbon emission of the products. The results suggest that the carbon consumption tax scenarios would reduce GHG emissions by a greater quantity relative to the ad-valorem tax scenario; however, the intake of important nutrients will also decrease in these scenarios. Therefore, creating an environmentally sustainable and nutritious diet through taxation is challenging and requires compromise between the nutrition and environmental sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Footprint: As an Environmental Sustainability Indicator)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 3008 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Relationship between Land Transport and Economic Growth in Xinjiang

by Jingxin Sun^1,2, Zhinong Li^1,3,*, Jiaqiang Lei^1,*, Dexiong Teng⁴ and Shengyu Li¹

¹ National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China

² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China

³ Transport Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, China

⁴ Institute of arid Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010135 - 8 Jan 2018

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4627

Abstract

Xinjiang’s land transport network is mainly comprised of highways and railways. Using statistical data from 1985 to 2015, this study applies the Lotka-Volterra model to investigate the competitive interactions among highway transport, railway transport, and the regional economy of Xinjiang. We can draw [...] Read more.

Xinjiang’s land transport network is mainly comprised of highways and railways. Using statistical data from 1985 to 2015, this study applies the Lotka-Volterra model to investigate the competitive interactions among highway transport, railway transport, and the regional economy of Xinjiang. We can draw the following conclusions: First, highway mileage, highway passenger transportation, and railway freight transportation have played a significant role in promoting the development of the national economy in Xinjiang, while the latter has weakened highway passenger transportation and promoted the growth of the added value of transportation industry (AVTI), railway mileage, and railway passenger transportation. Second, highway passenger transportation enhances the development of railway passenger transportation, while railway freight transportation has played the same role in the development of highway freight transportation. Third, the increase in AVTI will increase total population, but both may have a negative impact on the national economy in the short term. Fourth, there is no significant relationship between the economy and transportation investment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 8026 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Changes in Land Use Patterns Pursuant to the Conversion of Agricultural Land to Non-Agricultural Use in the Context of the Sustainable Development of the Malopolska Region

by Malgorzata Busko^1,*

and Beata Szafranska²

¹ Department of Department of Integrated Geodesy and Cartography, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland

² Department of Agriculture and Geodesy, Marshal’s Office of the Malopolska Province, 30017 Krakow, Poland

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010136 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 7631

Abstract

This research paper presents the results of analyses that address the direction in which the issue of land use in Malopolska has been heading in recent years. The authors formulated the thesis that changes occurring in the use of agricultural land are advanced [...] Read more.

This research paper presents the results of analyses that address the direction in which the issue of land use in Malopolska has been heading in recent years. The authors formulated the thesis that changes occurring in the use of agricultural land are advanced and, despite its legal protection, this land is continuously subjected to permanent conversion to non-agricultural use year by year. Verification of the thesis was carried out using taxonomic analyses. As a result, it was proven that as much as 68% of the land converted to non-agricultural use in the study period was earmarked for residential use. Importantly, as much as 19% of these areas are of the best quality classes, i.e., classes I and II, which account for a mere 7% of all agricultural land in Malopolska. Another 79% of the converted agricultural land belonged to the mid class, i.e., class III, which—at the time of writing—represents only 26% in the Malopolska Province. This data demonstrates that the best lands of the Malopolska Province, which belonged to classes I, II and III (i.e., top quality arable soils), were irreversibly degraded by their conversion to non-agricultural use. The paper proposes systemic solutions supporting the decision-making process of administrative bodies aimed at agricultural land protection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 636 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving Sustainability through a Dual Audit System

by Shun-Ji Jin¹, In Tae Hwang² and Sun Min Kang^2,*

¹ Faculty of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China

² Department of Accounting, College of Business and Economics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010137 - 8 Jan 2018

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4145

Abstract

As a consequence of a large-scale accounting fraud, China implemented a dual audit system for listed companies issuing foreign stocks (B shares and H shares) from 2001 to 2006, before adopting Chinese-IFRS in 2007. At the end of 2010, the EU proposed that [...] Read more.

As a consequence of a large-scale accounting fraud, China implemented a dual audit system for listed companies issuing foreign stocks (B shares and H shares) from 2001 to 2006, before adopting Chinese-IFRS in 2007. At the end of 2010, the EU proposed that listed corporations over a certain size should be required to implement a joint audit system. However, only a few countries have implemented this system, and thus, data and references are extremely limited. The dual audit system is called the “twin” of the joint audit system. We analyze whether the dual system improves a company’s earnings quality. Earnings quality is studied by means of real earnings management, and the variable of loss aversion. We find that real earnings management of dual audited enterprises is lower than that of single audited (A-share) enterprises, and the inclination toward loss aversion of enterprises in the foreign share market has not increased significantly relative to the A-share enterprises after the abolition of the dual audit system. The results indicate that a dual audit system improves earnings quality. We expect that the conclusions of this research will resolve the issues and concerns about the joint audit system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1859 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainability Risk Evaluation for Large-Scale Hydropower Projects with Hybrid Uncertainty

by Weiyao Tang^1,†, Zongmin Li^1,*,†

and Yan Tu²

¹ Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China

² School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

^† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010138 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 7900

Abstract

As large-scale hydropower projects are influenced by many factors, risk evaluations are complex. This paper considers a hydropower project as a complex system from the perspective of sustainability risk, and divides it into three subsystems: the natural environment subsystem, the eco-environment subsystem and [...] Read more.

As large-scale hydropower projects are influenced by many factors, risk evaluations are complex. This paper considers a hydropower project as a complex system from the perspective of sustainability risk, and divides it into three subsystems: the natural environment subsystem, the eco-environment subsystem and the socioeconomic subsystem. Risk-related factors and quantitative dimensions of each subsystem are comprehensively analyzed considering uncertainty of some quantitative dimensions solved by hybrid uncertainty methods, including fuzzy (e.g., the national health degree, the national happiness degree, the protection of cultural heritage), random (e.g., underground water levels, river width), and fuzzy random uncertainty (e.g., runoff volumes, precipitation). By calculating the sustainability risk-related degree in each of the risk-related factors, a sustainable risk-evaluation model is built. Based on the calculation results, the critical sustainability risk-related factors are identified and targeted to reduce the losses caused by sustainability risk factors of the hydropower project. A case study at the under-construction Baihetan hydropower station is presented to demonstrate the viability of the risk-evaluation model and to provide a reference for the sustainable risk evaluation of other large-scale hydropower projects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydropower and Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1623 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identifying Sustainable Wood Sources for the Construction Industry: A Case Study

by Shenghan Li¹, Huanyu Wu^2,*

and Zhikun Ding¹

¹ School of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

² School of Architecture and Built Environment, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010139 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6061

Abstract

Wood is generally considered as a sustainable construction material. However, there are not sufficient wood resources in many countries or regions, especially those short of land resources. These countries and regions have to import wood from overseas. Therefore, it is imperative to determine [...] Read more.

Wood is generally considered as a sustainable construction material. However, there are not sufficient wood resources in many countries or regions, especially those short of land resources. These countries and regions have to import wood from overseas. Therefore, it is imperative to determine how to choose sustainable importing sources in order to improve the sustainability performance of using wood in construction. This study compares the sustainability performance of wood imported from different regions by considering wood harvesting, manufacture, and transportation. A framework accounting energy consumption and CO₂ emissions is developed for sustainability assessment. The results show that importing wood from Canada, Australia, and New Zealand to Taiwan demands a relatively lower amount of energy than from other regions. Specifically, importing wood from Canada (West) demands the lowest amount of energy (2095 MJ/m³), while importing wood form Brazil consumes the highest amount of energy (5356 MJ/m³). In addition, findings showed that the CO₂ emissions generated from importing wood from Sweden are significant lower than those from other regions, although the energy consumed during the importing process is relatively high. The study also revealed that the wood manufacturing process and marine transportation contribute to the most energy consumption and CO₂ emissions among all importing processes analysed from most of studied regions. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 1289 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Social Innovation in Smart Tourism Ecosystems: How Technology and Institutions Shape Sustainable Value Co-Creation

by Francesco Polese

, Antonio Botti, Mara Grimaldi^*, Antonella Monda and Massimiliano Vesci

Department of Business Sciences, Management & Innovation Systems/DISA-MIS, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010140 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 87 | Viewed by 13838

Abstract

In the service era, markets are reconceptualized as systems of actors interconnected through networked relationships based on resources exchange and producing value co-creation. Two of the main contemporary service research theories, Service-dominant logic and Service science, propose different organizational layouts for producing and [...] Read more.

In the service era, markets are reconceptualized as systems of actors interconnected through networked relationships based on resources exchange and producing value co-creation. Two of the main contemporary service research theories, Service-dominant logic and Service science, propose different organizational layouts for producing and harmonizing value co-creation: Service ecosystems and smart service systems. However, these two models show some limitations. So, this work aims at drawing an integrated model, the so called Smart service ecosystem that can be applied to hypercompetitive and experience-based sectors. The model was tested in the tourism sector by using a case study methodology. Ten interviews were administered to key informants to analyze their perception about the main dimensions of the smart service ecosystems. By adopting a holistic view, the results obtained can allow the elaboration of a framework which pinpoints: (1) the main stakeholder groups (actors); (2) the kind of resources exchanged (resource integration); (3) the tools employed (technology); (4) the institution exchange among users (institutions). Applying the model obtained to the tourism sector this work explores the main element-steps for managing and optimizing value co-creation and sustainability in the long run and thus for transitioning from innovation to social innovation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Innovation and Value Co-Creation: Finding the Strategic Link in Business Management towards Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 20480 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Designing Resilience of the Built Environment to Extreme Weather Events

by Ljubomir Jankovic

School of Creative Arts, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010141 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5680

Abstract

Built environment comprises of a multitude of complex networks of buildings and processes in and between buildings. The paper looks at resilience design on three different levels: the building, the site, and the region. The building resilience design is studied using multi-objective optimization [...] Read more.

Built environment comprises of a multitude of complex networks of buildings and processes in and between buildings. The paper looks at resilience design on three different levels: the building, the site, and the region. The building resilience design is studied using multi-objective optimization of a recently completed Passivhaus retrofit, under four different climate years: current, 2030, 2050, and 2080. The site resilience design is studied on the basis of a balance between incoming solar radiation and evaporative cooling from transpiration of plants to mitigate heat island effect. The regional resilience design is studied using a network model, taking into account connectivity, information capacity, and the ability to reconfigure. A common denominator found between these three aspects is a degree of system redundancy. Thus, a provision for adaptable building thermal insulation, a provision for adaptable green areas, and a provision for adaptable connectivity are the ingredients for resilient designs on these three respective levels. The findings increase our understanding of practical issues and implications for the resilience design of the built environment under extreme weather events. A combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches discussed in the paper provides practical guidance for designers and policy makers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Simulation and Resilience of Buildings to Extreme Weather Events)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2346 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Engineering Properties of Self-Consolidating Lightweight Aggregate Concrete and Its Application in Prestressed Concrete Members

by How-Ji Chen¹, Kuo-Cheng Wu¹, Chao-Wei Tang^2,*

and Chung-Ho Huang³

¹ Department of Civil Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan

² Department of Civil Engineering & Geomatics, Cheng Shiu University, No. 840, Chengcing Rd., Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan

³ Department of Civil Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010142 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4633

Abstract

Self-consolidating lightweight aggregate concrete (SCLC) is a highly flowable and lightweight concrete. In this study, the properties of SCLC and prestressed SCLC members were tested and compared with those made of normal-weight self-consolidating concrete (SCC). The test results show that SCLC can be [...] Read more.

Self-consolidating lightweight aggregate concrete (SCLC) is a highly flowable and lightweight concrete. In this study, the properties of SCLC and prestressed SCLC members were tested and compared with those made of normal-weight self-consolidating concrete (SCC). The test results show that SCLC can be used for prestressed concrete members. The use of lightweight aggregates with a particle density larger than 1100 kg/m³ can avoid the serious segregation of fresh concrete. In addition, the SCLC designed in this study can meet most of the SCC Rank 2 test standards, except for the V-funnel test. The water contained in the lightweight aggregates supplied sustained curing, so the level of drying shrinkage of the SCLC was lower than that of the conventional SCC. However, the level of creep of the SCLC was higher than that of the conventional SCC, because normal-weight aggregates are more able to inhibit the change of the concrete’s volume. On-site test results show that after 180 days of prestressing, the prestress loss was about 5.35–6.83% for the full-size SCLC members, which was smaller than that for the conventional SCC members (about 8.19–9.06% loss). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Civil Engineering: from Sustainable Materials to Sustainable Cities)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 420 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Managing Sustainable Use of Antibiotics—The Role of Trust

by Felicia Robertson^1,*

, Sverker C. Jagers¹ and Björn Rönnerstrand²

¹ Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 711, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

² Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, University West, SE 461 32 Trollhättan, Sweden

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010143 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 6087

Abstract

Human overuse of antibiotics is the main driver of antibiotic resistance. Thus, more knowledge about factors that promote sustainable antibiotic use is urgently needed. Based upon findings from the management of other sustainability and collective action dilemmas, we hypothesize that interpersonal trust is [...] Read more.

Human overuse of antibiotics is the main driver of antibiotic resistance. Thus, more knowledge about factors that promote sustainable antibiotic use is urgently needed. Based upon findings from the management of other sustainability and collective action dilemmas, we hypothesize that interpersonal trust is crucial for people’s propensity to cooperate for the common objective. The aim of this article is to further our understanding of people’s antibiotic consumption by investigating if individuals’ willingness to voluntarily abstain from antibiotic use is linked to interpersonal trust. To fulfill the aim, we implement two empirical investigations. In the first part, we use cross-section survey data to investigate the link between interpersonal trust and willingness to abstain from using antibiotics. The second part is based on a survey experiment in which we study the indirect effect of trust on willingness to abstain from using antibiotics by experimentally manipulating the proclaimed trustworthiness of other people to abstain from antibiotics. We find that interpersonal trust is linked to abstemiousness, also when controlling for potential confounders. The survey experiment demonstrates that trustworthiness stimulates individuals to abstain from using antibiotics. In conclusion, trust is an important asset for preserving effective antibiotics for future generations, as well as for reaching many of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trust Management: Key Factor of the Sustainable Organizations Embedded in Network)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2401 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phosphorus Availability in Wheat, in Volcanic Soils Inoculated with Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacillus thuringiensis

by Jorge Delfim^1,†, Mauricio Schoebitz¹, Leandro Paulino¹

, Juan Hirzel² and Erick Zagal^1,*

¹ Department of Soils and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Avenida Vicente Méndez 595, P.O. Box 537, Chillán 3812120, Chile

² Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu, Avenida Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3812120, Chile

^† Current address: Estação Experimental Agrícola da Chianga (EEAC), Instituto de Investigação Agronómica (IIA), Ministério da Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural, Luanda, Angola.

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010144 - 11 Jan 2018

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 4895

Abstract

The use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is an ecological strategy that allows for increasing the availability of phosphorus (P) in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate P availability in wheat, in soils derived from volcanic ash (Andisol and Ultisol,) [...] Read more.

The use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is an ecological strategy that allows for increasing the availability of phosphorus (P) in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate P availability in wheat, in soils derived from volcanic ash (Andisol and Ultisol,) and inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing Bacillus thuringiensis, the experiment was conducted in pots under greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design. Wheat plants were inoculated and re-inoculated at 20 and 46 days after sowing (DAS), respectively, with B. thuringiensis; and, soil and plant sampling was performed after 46, 66, and 87 days based on the Zadoks growth scale (Z). The inoculation resulted in an 11% increase in P of the rhizosphere at Z46 (Ultisol), P also increased 34% and 67% in aerial tissues at Z46 (Andisol and Ultisol), respectively, while an increase of 75% was observed in root tissues at Z87 (Ultisol). Similarly, the inoculation resulted in increases in acid phosphatase activity (Andisol), soil microbial biomass (Andisol and Ultisol), and root biomass in plants (Ultisol), without achieving increase of the aerial biomass of the plants. The phosphate solubilizing B. thuringiensis strain showed some positive, but also negative effects in soils and plants, depending on the soil. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 275 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What Is the Relationship between Technological Innovation and Energy Consumption? Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data from China

by Lei Jin, Keran Duan^*

and Xu Tang

School of Business Administration, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010145 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 113 | Viewed by 11754

Abstract

This paper investigates the relationship between energy consumption and technological innovation using a dynamic panel data model and regional-level data from China for the period 1995–2012. In contrast to previous studies, it examines the short and long-run bilateral relationship between technological innovation and [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the relationship between energy consumption and technological innovation using a dynamic panel data model and regional-level data from China for the period 1995–2012. In contrast to previous studies, it examines the short and long-run bilateral relationship between technological innovation and energy consumption. The results show that in the short run, technological innovation leads to an increase in energy consumption, while energy consumption has no significant effect on technological innovation. In the long run, however, energy consumption is positively and bilaterally related to technological innovation. These findings suggest that although technological innovation does not directly lead to a reduction in energy consumption as mentioned in the extant literature, it could help achieve sustainability through improving energy efficiency and developing energy structure for developing countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in the Mining, Minerals and Energy Industries)

26 pages, 8970 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainability Attributes in Real Estate Development: Private Perspectives on Advancing Energy Regulation in a Liberalized Market

by Felipe Encinas^1,2,*

, Carlos Aguirre³

and Carlos Marmolejo-Duarte⁴

¹ Escuela de Arquitectura, Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Estudios Urbanos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Providencia, 7520245 Santiago, Chile

² Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Providencia, 7520246 Santiago, Chile

³ Escuela de Construcción, Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Construcción, Universidad de las Américas, Sede Providencia, Providencia, 7500975 Santiago, Chile

⁴ Escola Tècnica Superior d’Arquitectura de Barcelona, Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010146 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6200

Abstract

In real estate markets where energy efficiency certificates are not mandatory, such as Santiago in Chile, incorporating solutions that respond to the growing demand for sustainability entails a natural tension between their acceptance as necessary measures and the way they are addressed by [...] Read more.

In real estate markets where energy efficiency certificates are not mandatory, such as Santiago in Chile, incorporating solutions that respond to the growing demand for sustainability entails a natural tension between their acceptance as necessary measures and the way they are addressed by the market. Under this mechanism, sustainability attributes have been introduced that are communicated individually through real estate promotion. A methodology consisting of two approaches was utilized to investigate the cross-validation of attributes, in terms of supply and demand, and the evolution of them in 8255 real estate advertisements for the period 2012–2017. Their positioning was more evident in higher-value homes, where they were identified as consolidated attributes, while they are considered innovations at the lower end of the market. However, as evidence suggests, sustainability attributes decline in relative importance over time, ceasing to be considered marks of distinction. This suggests that this model should be reviewed from a public policy perspective, with the understanding that the current voluntary standards must compete with other attributes. At the same time, it is necessary to make progress in the improvement of the obligatory minimum standards with the objective of establishing a more demanding baseline that incentivizes competitiveness in the market. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1098 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mobile e-Commerce Recommendation System Based on Multi-Source Information Fusion for Sustainable e-Business

by Yan Guo¹, Chengxin Yin^2,*, Mingfu Li², Xiaoting Ren³ and Ping Liu⁴

¹ College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

² College of Architecture Engineering, Chengdu Aeronautic Polytechnic, Chengdu 610100, China

³ College of Public Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

⁴ Department of Economic and Management, Sichuan Technology Business College, Chengdu 611830, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010147 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 74 | Viewed by 12151

Abstract

A lack of in-depth excavation of user and resources information has become the main bottleneck restricting the predictive analytics of recommendation systems in mobile commerce. This article provides a method which makes use of multi-source information to analyze consumers’ requirements for e-commerce recommendation [...] Read more.

A lack of in-depth excavation of user and resources information has become the main bottleneck restricting the predictive analytics of recommendation systems in mobile commerce. This article provides a method which makes use of multi-source information to analyze consumers’ requirements for e-commerce recommendation systems. Combined with the characteristics of mobile e-commerce, this method employs an improved radial basis function (RBF) network in order to determine the weights of recommendations, and an improved Dempster–Shafer theory to fuse the multi-source information. Power-spectrum estimation is then used to handle the fusion results and allow decision-making. The experimental results illustrate that the traditional method is inferior to the proposed approach in terms of recommendation accuracy, simplicity, coverage rate and recall rate. These achievements can further improve recommendation systems, and promote the sustainable development of e-business. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Big Data and Predictive Analytics for Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 851 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Solving a More Flexible Home Health Care Scheduling and Routing Problem with Joint Patient and Nursing Staff Selection

by Jamal Abdul Nasir^*

and Chuangyin Dang

Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010148 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 45 | Viewed by 6854

Abstract

Development of an efficient and effective home health care (HHC) service system is a quite recent and challenging task for the HHC firms. This paper aims to develop an HHC service system in the perspective of long-term economic sustainability as well as operational [...] Read more.

Development of an efficient and effective home health care (HHC) service system is a quite recent and challenging task for the HHC firms. This paper aims to develop an HHC service system in the perspective of long-term economic sustainability as well as operational efficiency. A more flexible mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated by incorporating the dynamic arrival and departure of patients along with the selection of new patients and nursing staff. An integrated model is proposed that jointly addresses: (i) patient selection; (ii) nurse hiring; (iii) nurse to patient assignment; and (iv) scheduling and routing decisions in a daily HHC planning problem. The proposed model extends the HHC problem from conventional scheduling and routing issues to demand and capacity management aspects. It enables an HHC firm to solve the daily scheduling and routing problem considering existing patients and nursing staff in combination with the simultaneous selection of new patients and nurses, and optimizing the existing routes by including new patients and nurses. The model considers planning issues related to compatibility, time restrictions, contract durations, idle time and workload balance. Two heuristic methods are proposed to solve the model by exploiting the variable neighborhood search (VNS) approach. Results obtained from the heuristic methods are compared with a CPLEX based solution. Numerical experiments performed on different data sets, show the efficiency and effectiveness of the solution methods to handle the considered problem. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Planning for Urban Health and Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 7468 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lake Area Analysis Using Exponential Smoothing Model and Long Time-Series Landsat Images in Wuhan, China

by Gonghao Duan^1,*

and Ruiqing Niu²

¹ Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

² College of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010149 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4385

Abstract

The loss of lake area significantly influences the climate change in a region, and this loss represents a serious and unavoidable challenge to maintaining ecological sustainability under the circumstances of lakes that are being filled. Therefore, mapping and forecasting changes in the lake [...] Read more.

The loss of lake area significantly influences the climate change in a region, and this loss represents a serious and unavoidable challenge to maintaining ecological sustainability under the circumstances of lakes that are being filled. Therefore, mapping and forecasting changes in the lake is critical for protecting the environment and mitigating ecological problems in the urban district. We created an accessible map displaying area changes for 82 lakes in the Wuhan city using remote sensing data in conjunction with visual interpretation by combining field data with Landsat 2/5/7/8 Thematic Mapper (TM) time-series images for the period 1987–2013. In addition, we applied a quadratic exponential smoothing model to forecast lake area changes in Wuhan city. The map provides, for the first time, estimates of lake development in Wuhan using data required for local-scale studies. The model predicted a lake area reduction of 18.494 km² in 2015. The average error reached 0.23 with a correlation coefficient of 0.98, indicating that the model is reliable. The paper provided a numerical analysis and forecasting method to provide a better understanding of lake area changes. The modeling and mapping results can help assess aquatic habitat suitability and property planning for Wuhan lakes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methodological Advances in Research on Sustainable Ecosystems)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 207 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clan in Transition: Societal Changes of Villages in China from the Perspective of Water Pollution

by Qidong Huang^1,*, Jiajun Xu¹ and Yongping Wei²

¹ School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China

² School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, the University of Queensland, 4067 Brisbane, Australia

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010150 - 10 Jan 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4032

Abstract

Societal relations in rural areas have entered into a new stage of adjustment over the past decade. However, the adjustment, which might bring about profound societal changes in countryside as well as in China as a whole, have not been paid much attention [...] Read more.

Societal relations in rural areas have entered into a new stage of adjustment over the past decade. However, the adjustment, which might bring about profound societal changes in countryside as well as in China as a whole, have not been paid much attention and very few studies have been conducted from the perspective of ecological resource crises. We use the case of a village as an example to show how water pollution, as one of the contributory factors, possibly affect the transition of clans and societal changes in Chinese villages. Through observation and interviews, we find that there is an apparent rise of “New Clanism” within clans, which gradually abandons the tradition of supremacy of clan interests and places family or individual interests at top priority. We also find that clan boundaries get increasingly obscure since the integrity of clans is undermined by the rise of new interest groups across clans, but the boundaries remain relatively clear due to the consistency (albeit incomplete) of clan interests. Some new clan élites and representatives of new interest groups get involved in village governance, which indicates that their goals have shifted from natural resources to social or political capital. The significance of our findings is that they provide not only a unique perspective for the interaction between society and resources, but also some new ideas for the future study of rural China at the environment-social interface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Community, Natural Resources, and Sustainability: An Interdisciplinary and International Dialogue)

18 pages, 1365 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Owning or Outsourcing? Strategic Choice on Take-Back Operations for Third-Party Remanufacturing

by Wei Yan^1,†

, Hengyu Li^1,*,†, Junwu Chai^1,2,†, Zhifeng Qian¹

and Hong Chen¹

¹ School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China

² Center for West African Studies, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China

^† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 151; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010151 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 4574

Abstract

Despite the remanufacturing process having demonstrated economic, social, and environmental benefits, many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have not engaged in the remanufacturing process themselves, as they often outsource it to a third party. In practice, such outsourcing usually involves two different options/modes for [...] Read more.

Despite the remanufacturing process having demonstrated economic, social, and environmental benefits, many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have not engaged in the remanufacturing process themselves, as they often outsource it to a third party. In practice, such outsourcing usually involves two different options/modes for OEMs with consideration of take-back operations: (1) owning the reverse channel and collecting cores directly (Model D) or (2) outsourcing these operations to a third-party remanufacturer (TPR) and collecting cores indirectly (Model I). However, this raises the important question of whether OEMs should also outsource their reverse channels to third-party remanufacturers when outsourcing remanufacturing. Furthermore, there needs to be an investigation of which method is more beneficial in terms of economic, social, and environmental outcomes. This paper uses modelling to investigate the costs and benefits of these options in terms of sustainability. We found that, compared to Model I, the OEM conducting take-back operations itself can achieve the overall better outcomes for all economic, social, and environmental situations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue How does Outsourcing Affect the Economy and its Sustainability?)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 893 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Soil Organic Carbon Storage in Vegetable Farms Using Different Farming Practices in the Kanto Region of Japan

by Eri Matsuura¹, Masakazu Komatsuzaki^2,*

and Rahmatullah Hashimi³

¹ Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-0057, Japan

² Center for Field Science Research & Education, Collage of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami 300-0393, Japan

³ Faculty of Agriculture, Shaikh Zayed University, Khost 2504, Afghanistan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010152 - 9 Jan 2018

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 6594

Abstract

Agricultural fields can store substantial amounts of atmospheric carbon in the soil. In 2011, the Environmentally Friendly Farming Direct Payment Program (EFFDPP) began as a way to promote sustainable agriculture, but the approved methods for receiving the subsidy are limited to the use [...] Read more.

Agricultural fields can store substantial amounts of atmospheric carbon in the soil. In 2011, the Environmentally Friendly Farming Direct Payment Program (EFFDPP) began as a way to promote sustainable agriculture, but the approved methods for receiving the subsidy are limited to the use of manure and cover crops. For evaluating other options for the EFFDPP, we calculated soil carbon inputs and CO₂ emissions in four nature farming (NF) systems for comparisons with conventional farming (CF) and environmentally friendly farming (EF) systems. In 2015, we collected data on farm management from interviews and conducted a field experiment for NF. According to the calculations using a modified Roth C model, the ability for soil carbon sequestration predicted over the next 20 years is the highest in a no-till NF system with grass mulching. CO₂ emission per ha for CF was 4.8 tCO₂/ha, which was eight times higher than that for NF. However, the highest CO₂ emission per kg of crop was noted in NF with no grass mulching due to very low yield. The total CO₂ emission for CF was similar to that for EF. The NF systems were beneficial in reducing CO₂ emission, but a combination of other approaches is required for satisfying EFFDPP criteria. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 2793 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Overview of Energy and Exergy Analysis to the Industrial Sector, a Contribution to Sustainability

by Raúl Arango-Miranda^1,*

, Robert Hausler^1,†, Rabindranarth Romero-López^2,†, Mathias Glaus^1,† and Sara Patricia Ibarra-Zavaleta^3,†

¹ Station Expérimentale des Procédés Pilotes en Environnement, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, 1100, rue Notre-Dame Ouest Local A-1500, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada

² Unidad de Investigación Especializada en Hidroinformática y Tecnología Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Veracruzana, Lomas del Estadio s/n, Zona Universitaria, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, México

³ Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana. Av. de las Culturas Núm.101, col. Emiliano Zapata. Xalapa 91090, Veracruz, México

^† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010153 - 10 Jan 2018

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 7025

Abstract

Globally, industry remains one of the main consumers of fossil fuels; hence, it is one of the prime sources of greenhouse gases (GHG). Exergy analysis methods can be applied to detect the processes inefficiencies. To enhance the interconnection of the exergy and the [...] Read more.

Globally, industry remains one of the main consumers of fossil fuels; hence, it is one of the prime sources of greenhouse gases (GHG). Exergy analysis methods can be applied to detect the processes inefficiencies. To enhance the interconnection of the exergy and the environment theories, renewable share and exergy efficiency are suggested, in a contribution to sustainability. Exergy analysis is proposed and lifted to study the industrial sector. Even though exergy analysis has been applied to study societies, few studies have been conducted to study emerging-market economies. In 2015, Mexico’s crude oil production was the 12th biggest worldwide, therefore fossil fuels are still the main source to produce energy for the domestic and productive sectors of the Mexican society. Consequently, a prospective study case in Mexico is suggested. The industrial sectorial exergy consumption amounts 1350 PJ in 2000, increasing to 1591 PJ in 2015. Both energy and exergy efficiencies show similar results along the 16 years, with average energy and exergy efficiencies of 78% and 23%, respectively. In comparison with results of similar studies, Mexican exergy efficiency falls within the ranges, yet below the average of 48%. Thus, poor efficiency is still occurring in the sector. Our proposal could provide significant opportunities to become a more sustainable sector, based on the exergetic renewable share and the exergy efficiency. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 369 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Newsvendor Non-Cooperative Game for Efficient Allocation of Carbon Emissions

by Jaehyung An¹

and Jinho Lee^2,*

¹ College of Business, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 107, Imun-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-791, Korea

² Department of Management Science, Korea Naval Academy, 1, Joongwon-ro, Jinhae-gu, Changwon, Kyoungsangnam-do 51704, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010154 - 10 Jan 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3556

Abstract

We analytically investigate the impacts of several efficient carbon emissions allocation schemes in a cap-and-trade carbon trading system. Subject to each firm’s allowances restriction, a policy maker accumulates all remaining and exceeding carbon emission allowances over the industry at the end of the [...] Read more.

We analytically investigate the impacts of several efficient carbon emissions allocation schemes in a cap-and-trade carbon trading system. Subject to each firm’s allowances restriction, a policy maker accumulates all remaining and exceeding carbon emission allowances over the industry at the end of the accounting year. We develop three new allocation schemes for allocating these total carbon emissions to each firm: Separate Payment (SP), Deterministic Equal Splitting (DES) and Allocation proportion to unit Carbon Emission (ACE). Using a Stackelberg framework based on a newsvendor non-cooperative game, we show that our suggested allocation schemes reduce total carbon emissions by aligning the firms with a single and common objective of “reducing total emissions”, not merely “meeting individual’s allowances”. We characterize the conditions under which SP and DES can equally generate fewer total carbon emissions than ACE. Moreover, we identify the condition in which DES can dominate SP in terms of a firm’s profit while DES and SP generate the same total carbon emissions. Our numerical studies further demonstrate that DES outperforms SP in terms of a firm’s financial performance depending on the gap between the firms’ unit emission rates. This study provides a useful guideline to enhance the firms’ profit while reducing total carbon emissions in the industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 350 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of External Relations Network on Low-Carbon Technology Innovation: Based on the Study of Knowledge Absorptive Capacity

by Yuguo Jiang^1,*, Weide Chun¹ and Ye Yang²

¹ College of management science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

² School of Economics and Management, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010155 - 10 Jan 2018

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3553

Abstract

Low-carbon technology innovations (LTI) have attracted wide attention due to their effects on reducing carbon emissions, and improving LTI behavior is a kind of beneficial measures on carbon emissions control in enterprise. The current research explores the determinants that affect LTI behavioral intention, [...] Read more.

Low-carbon technology innovations (LTI) have attracted wide attention due to their effects on reducing carbon emissions, and improving LTI behavior is a kind of beneficial measures on carbon emissions control in enterprise. The current research explores the determinants that affect LTI behavioral intention, and an integrative model of external relations network (ERN) on LTI, incorporated with knowledge absorptive capacity (KAC), is used. An effective sample of 380 staffs who worked in industrial enterprise of China was collected, which empirical results reveal the correlation between KAC and LTI, ERN and LTI, and the role of KAC. Hence, this paper discusses the implications for integrative model based on KAC and provides suggestions for improving the ability of LTI, and argues that LTI is not isolated, and it needs to be realized by the combination of ERN and KAC, thus, there should be paying more call for greater attention to ERN and KAC, rather than purely focusing on resource utilization. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 712 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Convenience, Perceived Value, and Repurchase Intention in Online Shopping in Vietnam

by Quoc Trung Pham¹

, Xuan Phuc Tran¹, Sanjay Misra^2,3

, Rytis Maskeliūnas⁴

and Robertas Damaševičius^5,*

¹ School of Industrial Management, HCMC University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam

² Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Covenant University, Ota 1023, Nigeria

³ Department of Computer Engineering, Atilim University, Incek, Ankara 06836, Turkey

⁴ Department of Multimedia Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas 51368, Lithuania

⁵ Department of Software Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas 51368, Lithuania

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010156 - 10 Jan 2018

Cited by 152 | Viewed by 33171

Abstract

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is an increasingly popular trend in modern economy concomitant with the development of the Internet. E-commerce has developed considerably, making Vietnam one of the fastest growing markets in the world. However, its growth rate has not matched its potential, leading [...] Read more.

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is an increasingly popular trend in modern economy concomitant with the development of the Internet. E-commerce has developed considerably, making Vietnam one of the fastest growing markets in the world. However, its growth rate has not matched its potential, leading to the question how online retailers could improve their practices and thus contribute to the sustainable development of emerging markets such as Vietnam. Therefore, with the goal of providing online retailers with many methods to improve their online shopping service, this study examined the direct and indirect influence of the dimensions of online shopping convenience on repurchase intention through customer-perceived value. A survey of 230 Vietnamese customers was conducted to test the theoretical model. A structural equation model was used for data analysis. The results determined that the five dimensions of online shopping convenience are: access, search, evaluation, transaction, and possession/post-purchase convenience. All dimensions have a direct impact on perceived value and repurchase intention. The results also show the important role of perceived value when a factor both directly influences repurchase intention and mediates the relationship between convenience and repurchase intention. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

31 pages, 1118 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Static and Dynamic Pricing Strategies in a Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Reference Quality Effects

by Zhichao Zhang¹

, Qing Zhang²

, Zhi Liu^3,4,* and Xiaoxue Zheng⁵

¹ College of Management, Anhui Science and Technology University, Anhui 233100, China

² School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China

³ College of Management Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Anhui 241000, China

⁴ Odette School of Business, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada

⁵ College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010157 - 12 Jan 2018

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 6240

Abstract

Remanufacturing of returned products has been increasingly recognized in industries as an effective approach to face environmental responsibility, government regulations, and increased awareness of consumers. In this paper, we address a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) in which the manufacturer produces the brand-new products, [...] Read more.

Remanufacturing of returned products has been increasingly recognized in industries as an effective approach to face environmental responsibility, government regulations, and increased awareness of consumers. In this paper, we address a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) in which the manufacturer produces the brand-new products, as well as the remanufactured goods while the retailer sells these products to customers. We consider several different scenarios: the manufacturer and the retailer adopt a steady-state price or a dynamic price with reference quality effects in a centralized case; either, neither or both the manufacturer and the retailer price dynamically with reference quality effects, respectively, in a decentralized model. We solve the problem with the retailer recycling the sold copies and deduce the optimal pricing strategies while the manufacturer in charge of recovering the used items in such a CLSC. The result shows that dynamic pricing strategies are much more profitable for the supply chain and its members when compared with pricing statically; the dynamic pricing strategies with time-varying quality characterized by reference quality are more suited to a long-term and cooperative closed-loop supply chain. Moreover, the optimal recycling fraction relies on the recovery cost coefficient and proves to be uniform despite adopting a dynamic price and quality in all distinct cases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reverse Logistics: An Interdisciplinary Approach)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 548 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Education for Sustainable Development in Environmental University Programmes: A Co-Creation Approach

by Maria Rosario Perello-Marín^1,†, Gabriela Ribes-Giner^1,† and Odette Pantoja Díaz^2,*,†

¹ Faculty of Business Administration and Management, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia, Spain

² Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, 170517 Quito, Ecuador

^† These first three authors contributed equally to this work.

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010158 - 11 Jan 2018

Cited by 42 | Viewed by 6745

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyse co-creation approach as a strategy at HE as a prerequisite for a successful implementation of sustainable development (HESD), while considering student collaboration in university processes. A questionnaire was handed in to 395 undergraduate environmental students [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study is to analyse co-creation approach as a strategy at HE as a prerequisite for a successful implementation of sustainable development (HESD), while considering student collaboration in university processes. A questionnaire was handed in to 395 undergraduate environmental students from twelve Ecuadorian universities to test a structural equation model that included four variables—participation, co-creation, satisfaction, and trust. It is worth noting that these topics are increasingly relevant in competitive and innovative universities when promoting management in HESD. The results verify that student participation, as one of the key ESD skills, has a significant and positive influence on co-creation as a generator of student satisfaction and trust, especially in this context. Co-creation, from a higher education perspective, from the premise that students are the centre of the learning process, reinforces the education quality principles in an innovative way, and promotes the HESD perspectives. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 482 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Capital Cost Optimization for Prefabrication: A Factor Analysis Evaluation Model

by Hong Xue^1,*, Shoujian Zhang², Yikun Su³ and Zezhou Wu⁴

¹ School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

² School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

³ School of Civil Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

⁴ Department of Construction Management and Real Estate, College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010159 - 11 Jan 2018

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 6632

Abstract

High capital cost is a significant hindrance to the promotion of prefabrication. In order to optimize cost management and reduce capital cost, this study aims to explore the latent factors and factor analysis evaluation model. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore potential variables [...] Read more.

High capital cost is a significant hindrance to the promotion of prefabrication. In order to optimize cost management and reduce capital cost, this study aims to explore the latent factors and factor analysis evaluation model. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore potential variables and then questionnaire survey was employed to collect professionals’ views on their effects. After data collection, exploratory factor analysis was adopted to explore the latent factors. Seven latent factors were identified, including “Management Index”, “Construction Dissipation Index”, “Productivity Index”, “Design Efficiency Index”, “Transport Dissipation Index”, “Material increment Index” and “Depreciation amortization Index”. With these latent factors, a factor analysis evaluation model (FAEM), divided into factor analysis model (FAM) and comprehensive evaluation model (CEM), was established. The FAM was used to explore the effect of observed variables on the high capital cost of prefabrication, while the CEM was used to evaluate comprehensive cost management level on prefabrication projects. Case studies were conducted to verify the models. The results revealed that collaborative management had a positive effect on capital cost of prefabrication. Material increment costs and labor costs had significant impacts on production cost. This study demonstrated the potential of on-site management and standardization design to reduce capital cost. Hence, collaborative management is necessary for cost management of prefabrication. Innovation and detailed design were needed to improve cost performance. The new form of precast component factories can be explored to reduce transportation cost. Meanwhile, targeted strategies can be adopted for different prefabrication projects. The findings optimized the capital cost and improved the cost performance through providing an evaluation and optimization model, which helps managers to evaluate cost management level of prefabrication and explore key inducers for high capital cost. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management Strategies and Innovations for Sustainable Construction)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 6854 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

System Dynamics of Polysilicon for Solar Photovoltaics: A Framework for Investigating the Energy Security of Renewable Energy Supply Chains

by Debra Sandor¹, Sadie Fulton¹, Jill Engel-Cox^1,*

, Corey Peck² and Steve Peterson^2,3

¹ National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA

² Lexidyne, LLC, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA

³ Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010160 - 11 Jan 2018

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 13005

Abstract

Renewable energy, produced with widely available low-cost energy resources, is often included as a component of national strategies to address energy security and sustainability. Market and political forces cannot disrupt the sun or wind, unlike oil and gas supplies. However, the cost of [...] Read more.

Renewable energy, produced with widely available low-cost energy resources, is often included as a component of national strategies to address energy security and sustainability. Market and political forces cannot disrupt the sun or wind, unlike oil and gas supplies. However, the cost of renewable energy is highly dependent on technologies manufactured through global supply chains in leading manufacturing countries. The countries that contribute to the global supply chains may take actions that, directly or indirectly, influence global access to materials and components. For example, high-purity polysilicon, a key material in solar photovoltaics, has experienced significant price fluctuations, affecting the manufacturing capacity and cost of both polysilicon and solar panels. This study developed and validated an initial system dynamics framework to gain insights into global trade in polysilicon. The model represents an initial framework for exploration. Three regions were modeled—China, the United States, and the rest of the world—for a range of trade scenarios to understand the impacts of import duties and non-price drivers on the relative volumes of imports and domestic supply. The model was validated with the historical case of China imposing an import duty on polysilicon from the United States, the European Union, and South Korea, which altered the regional flows of polysilicon—in terms of imports, exports, and domestic production—to varying degrees. As expected, the model tracked how regional demand shares and influx volumes decrease as a duty on a region increases. Using 2016 as a reference point, in the scenarios examined for U.S. exports to China, each 10% increase in the import duty results in a 40% decrease in import volume. The model also indicates that, under the scenarios investigated, once a duty has been imposed on a region, the demand share from that region declines and does not achieve pre-duty levels, even as global demand increases. Adding additional countries and other components in the photovoltaic supply chain (panels, cells, wafers) to this model could enable policymakers to better understand the relative impact of trade measures across the entire photovoltaic module manufacturing supply chain and the conditions that encourage industry evolution and competitiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Security and Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 4021 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Institutional Transformations to Address High-End Climate Change in Iberia

by Joan David Tàbara^1,*

, Francesc Cots¹, Simona Pedde², Katharina Hölscher³, Kasper Kok², Anastasia Lovanova⁴, Tiago Capela Lourenço⁵

, Niki Frantzeskaki³ and John Etherington⁶

¹ Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain

² Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands

³ Dutch Research Institute for Transitions, Faculty of Social Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands

⁴ Potsdam Institute of Climate Change Impact Research, Telegraphenberg, A31, 14437 Postdam, Germany

⁵ Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Facultade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

⁶ Department of Political Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010161 - 11 Jan 2018

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 7333

Abstract

Either meeting the UNFCCC Paris agreement to limit global average warming below the 2–1.5 °C threshold, or going beyond it entails huge challenges in terms of institutional innovation and transformation. This research describes a participatory integrated assessment process aimed at exploring the options, [...] Read more.

Either meeting the UNFCCC Paris agreement to limit global average warming below the 2–1.5 °C threshold, or going beyond it entails huge challenges in terms of institutional innovation and transformation. This research describes a participatory integrated assessment process aimed at exploring the options, opportunities, necessary capacities and implications for institutional co-operation and innovation in the Iberian Peninsula under High-End Climate Change (HECC). Using in-depth interviews and a novel participatory research approach, different scenario narratives and pathways about the future of Iberia have been identified using Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs). Special attention is given to the knowledge and policy options needed to implement cross-border organizational changes and co-operation mechanisms that would support the Integrated Climate Governance of the Tagus and Guadiana river basins. We show that a wealth of institutional innovation pathways and specific options and solutions exist not only to reduce GHG emissions (mitigation) and the negative impacts of climate change (adaptation), but, above all, to generate new forms of social-ecological system interactions aligned with sustainability (transformation). In particular, and depending on which scenario contexts unfold in the future in Iberia, different kinds of institutional and governance capacities and clusters of solutions may be needed in order to achieve transformation. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 603 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Incentive Mechanism of Micro-grid Project Development

by Yong Long¹, Yu Wang^1,* and Chengrong Pan^1,2

¹ School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China

² School of International Business, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing 400031, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010163 - 11 Jan 2018

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3996

Abstract

Due to the issue of cost and benefit, the investment demand and consumption demand of micro-grids are insufficient in the early stages, which makes all parties lack motivation to participate in the development of micro-grid projects and leads to the slow development of [...] Read more.

Due to the issue of cost and benefit, the investment demand and consumption demand of micro-grids are insufficient in the early stages, which makes all parties lack motivation to participate in the development of micro-grid projects and leads to the slow development of micro-grids. In order to promote the development of micro-grids, the corresponding incentive mechanism should be designed to motivate the development of micro-grid projects. Therefore, this paper builds a multi-stage incentive model of micro-grid project development involving government, grid corporation, energy supplier, equipment supplier, and the user in order to study the incentive problems of micro-grid project development. Through the solution and analysis of the model, this paper deduces the optimal subsidy of government and the optimal cooperation incentive of the energy supplier, and calculates the optimal pricing strategy of grid corporation and the energy supplier, and analyzes the influence of relevant factors on optimal subsidy and incentive. The study reveals that the cost and social benefit of micro-grid development have a positive impact on micro-grid subsidy, technical level and equipment quality of equipment supplier as well as the fact that government subsidies positively adjust the level of cooperation incentives and price incentives. In the end, the validity of the model is verified by numerical analysis, and the incentive strategy of each participant is analyzed. The research of this paper is of great significance to encourage project development of micro-grids and to promote the sustainable development of micro-grids. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1578 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Influencing Mechanism of Traditional Cultural Values on Citizens’ Behavior Regarding the Reuse of Recycled Water

by Kun Liu¹, Hanliang Fu^1,*

and Hong Chen²

¹ School of Management, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China

² School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010165 - 11 Jan 2018

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4139

Abstract

In order to explore the influence mechanism of traditional Chinese culture values on urban residents’ acceptance of the reuse of recycled water, this paper selects interdependent self-constructional indicators representing the dependency relation between people as the representative of traditional culture values. In this [...] Read more.

In order to explore the influence mechanism of traditional Chinese culture values on urban residents’ acceptance of the reuse of recycled water, this paper selects interdependent self-constructional indicators representing the dependency relation between people as the representative of traditional culture values. In this paper, interdependent self-constructional indicators are introduced based on a technology acceptance model (TAM), in order to establish a hypothesis model. Following this, the writer conducts a study that shows the influence on the acceptance of recycled water through the formation of interdependent self-construction. Finally, the influence mechanism of traditional cultural values on citizens’ behavior regarding the reuse of recycled water is determined. To start with, the writer verifies the reliability and validity of data from 584 samples, and then tests the goodness-of-fit between the sample data and the hypothesis model by AMOS21.0 (software). On this basis, the writer analyzes the direct and indirect influence through the hypothesis model and finds that the interdependent self-constructional intensity will accelerate the acceptance process of recycled water technology by positively influencing a change in the residents’ attitudes to recycled water. The conclusion shows that traditional Chinese cultural values have a certain influence on urban residents’ acceptance of the reuse of recycled water. Meanwhile, the writer clarifies the influence’s mechanism. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 6239 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of Medical Big Data Research

by Huchang Liao^1,*, Ming Tang¹, Li Luo¹, Chunyang Li², Francisco Chiclana³

and Xiao-Jun Zeng⁴

¹ Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China

² Medical Insurance Office,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China

³ Centre for Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Technology, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK

⁴ School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010166 - 11 Jan 2018

Cited by 526 | Viewed by 26343

Abstract

With the rapid development of “Internet plus”, medical care has entered the era of big data. However, there is little research on medical big data (MBD) from the perspectives of bibliometrics and visualization. The substantive research on the basic aspects of MBD itself [...] Read more.

With the rapid development of “Internet plus”, medical care has entered the era of big data. However, there is little research on medical big data (MBD) from the perspectives of bibliometrics and visualization. The substantive research on the basic aspects of MBD itself is also rare. This study aims to explore the current status of medical big data through visualization analysis on the journal papers related to MBD. We analyze a total of 988 references which were downloaded from the Science Citation Index Expanded and the Social Science Citation Index databases from Web of Science and the time span was defined as “all years”. The GraphPad Prism 5, VOSviewer and CiteSpace softwares are used for analysis. Many results concerning the annual trends, the top players in terms of journal and institute levels, the citations and H-index in terms of country level, the keywords distribution, the highly cited papers, the co-authorship status and the most influential journals and authors are presented in this paper. This study points out the development status and trends on MBD. It can help people in the medical profession to get comprehensive understanding on the state of the art of MBD. It also has reference values for the research and application of the MBD visualization methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Big Data and Predictive Analytics for Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 4266 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving Eco-Efficiency through Waste Reduction beyond the Boundaries of a Firm: Evidence from a Multiplant Case in the Ceramic Industry

by Guido J. L. Micheli^*

, Enrico Cagno

and Elena Tappia

Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milano, Italy

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010167 - 11 Jan 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3819

Abstract

To pursue eco-efficiency, one of the most important principles is the sustainable use of resources. The challenge in resource use improvement lies in a clear assessment of resource utilization. However, this evaluation is currently performed within the scope of a company and such [...] Read more.

To pursue eco-efficiency, one of the most important principles is the sustainable use of resources. The challenge in resource use improvement lies in a clear assessment of resource utilization. However, this evaluation is currently performed within the scope of a company and such an approach is not sustainable anymore in a world with increasingly complex production systems. This paper provides a decision support system (DSS) to disclose where wastes absorb resource capacity of a whole production system beyond the boundaries of a firm. In this way, an intervention priority plan can be established to effectively improve the eco-efficiency of production systems by considering interactions among players of a multiplant or supply chain context. An implementation of the DSS is proposed for the ceramic industry to test it and explore the potential benefits. Results confirm that the DSS can effectively enable different actors to understand how significant inter-firm saving opportunities can be identified. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1591 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Governance Challenges in an Eastern Indonesian Forest Landscape

by Rebecca A. Riggs^1,2,*

, James D. Langston^1,2

, Chris Margules^1,2,3

, Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono^1,2,4

, Han She Lim¹, Dwi Amalia Sari^1,5, Yazid Sururi¹ and Jeffrey Sayer^1,2,4

¹ Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia

² Tanah Air Beta, Batu Karu, Tabanan, Bali 82152, Indonesia

³ Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Campus UI Depok, Java Barat 16424, Indonesia

⁴ Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

⁵ The Supreme Audit Board of Indonesia, Jln Jend. Gatot Subroto No. 31, Jakarta Pusat 10210, Indonesia

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010169 - 11 Jan 2018

Cited by 42 | Viewed by 7747

Abstract

Integrated approaches to natural resource management are often undermined by fundamental governance weaknesses. We studied governance of a forest landscape in East Lombok, Indonesia. Forest Management Units (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan or KPH) are an institutional mechanism used in Indonesia for coordinating the management [...] Read more.

Integrated approaches to natural resource management are often undermined by fundamental governance weaknesses. We studied governance of a forest landscape in East Lombok, Indonesia. Forest Management Units (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan or KPH) are an institutional mechanism used in Indonesia for coordinating the management of competing sectors in forest landscapes, balancing the interests of government, business, and civil society. Previous reviews of KPHs indicate they are not delivering their potential benefits due to an uncertain legal mandate and inadequate resources. We utilized participatory methods with a broad range of stakeholders in East Lombok to examine how KPHs might improve institutional arrangements to better meet forest landscape goals. We find that KPHs are primarily limited by insufficient integration with other actors in the landscape. Thus, strengthened engagement with other institutions, as well as civil society, is required. Although new governance arrangements that allow for institutional collaboration and community engagement are needed in the long term, there are steps that the East Lombok KPH can take now. Coordinating institutional commitments and engaging civil society to reconcile power asymmetries and build consensus can help promote sustainable outcomes. Our study concludes that improved multi-level, polycentric governance arrangements between government, NGOs, the private sector, and civil society are required to achieve sustainable landscapes in Lombok. The lessons from Lombok can inform forest landscape governance improvements throughout Indonesia and the tropics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Landscape Management)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1188 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Estimation of Rural Households’ Willingness to Accept Two PES Programs and Their Service Valuation in the Miyun Reservoir Catchment, China

by Hao Li¹, Xiaohui Yang^2,*, Xiao Zhang², Yuyan Liu¹ and Kebin Zhang¹

¹ School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

² Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010170 - 11 Jan 2018

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4538

Abstract

As the only surface water source for Beijing, the Miyun Reservoir and its catchment (MRC) are a focus for concern about the degradation of ecosystem services (ES) unless appropriate payments for ecosystem services (PES) are in place. This study used the contingent valuation [...] Read more.

As the only surface water source for Beijing, the Miyun Reservoir and its catchment (MRC) are a focus for concern about the degradation of ecosystem services (ES) unless appropriate payments for ecosystem services (PES) are in place. This study used the contingent valuation method (CVM) to estimate the costs of two new PES programs, for agriculture and forestry, and to further calculate the economic value of ES in the MRC from the perspective of local rural households’ willingness to accept (WTA). The results of Logit model including WTA and the variables of household and village indicate that the local socio-economic context has complex effects on the WTA of rural households. In particular, the bid amount, location and proportion of off-farm employment would have significant positive effects on the local WTA. In contrast, the insignificance of the PES participation variable suggests that previous PES program experiences may negatively impact subsequent program participation. The mean WTA payments for agriculture and forestry PES programs were estimated as 8531 and 8187 yuan/ha/year, respectively. These results consistently explain the differentiated opportunity costs on both farmland and forestry land. Meanwhile, the differentiated WTA values in Beijing vs. the surrounding Hebei Province follow the interest differences and development gaps between jurisdictions. Finally, the total economic value of ES in the MRC area was estimated at 11.1 billion yuan/year). The rational economic value of ES for the restoration priority areas reaches 515.2 million yuan/year. For the existing budget gap (299 million yuan/year), the study proposed that decision makers increase the water tariff by 0.08 yuan to raise the funds needed. The study also concluded that these results are not only financially and politically feasible but also cost-effective. This study has policy implications for improving the implementation efficiency and providing quantified supports for PES programs in megacity source water area. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1630 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Collaborative Governance in Supply Chain

by Jiguang Wang¹

and Bing Ran^2,*

¹ School of Economics and Management, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

² Penn State Harrisburg, School of Public Affairs, Middletown, PA 17057, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 171; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010171 - 12 Jan 2018

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 7378

Abstract

Collaborative governance plays a critical role in guiding the whole supply chain to achieve its strategic goals. Today’s tremendously changing and competitive business environment imposes a significant challenge for firms to sustain a balance between their self-interest and the required interdependency existed among [...] Read more.

Collaborative governance plays a critical role in guiding the whole supply chain to achieve its strategic goals. Today’s tremendously changing and competitive business environment imposes a significant challenge for firms to sustain a balance between their self-interest and the required interdependency existed among them within a supply chain. Built upon the extensive literature on the supply chain management, this paper theorizes and proposes a Sustainable Collaborative Governance Framework detailing adaptive decision-making and action mechanisms throughout supply chain lifecycle that will enable the whole supply chain proactively and resiliently respond to uncertainties or perturbations without undergoing significant changes to firms’ normal operations. The framework extends the understanding and practice of the sustainable supply chain management by focusing on its dynamic, elastic, holistic, uncertainty-handling and future-oriented characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 3243 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Perennial Grain Sorghum

by Stan Cox^1,*, Pheonah Nabukalu¹, Andrew H. Paterson², Wenqian Kong² and Shakirah Nakasagga³

¹ The Land Institute, Salina, KS 67401, USA

² Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605 USA

³ Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA, sn1@tamu.edu

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010172 - 12 Jan 2018

Cited by 49 | Viewed by 7973

Abstract

Perennial germplasm derived from crosses between Sorghum bicolor and either S. halepense or S. propinquum is being developed with the goal of preventing and reversing soil degradation in the world’s grain sorghum-growing regions. Perennial grain sorghum plants produce subterranean stems known as rhizomes [...] Read more.

Perennial germplasm derived from crosses between Sorghum bicolor and either S. halepense or S. propinquum is being developed with the goal of preventing and reversing soil degradation in the world’s grain sorghum-growing regions. Perennial grain sorghum plants produce subterranean stems known as rhizomes that sprout to form the next season’s crop. In Kansas, breeding perennial sorghum involves crossing S. bicolor cultivars or breeding lines to S. halepense or perennial S. bicolorⁿ × S. halepense breeding lines, selecting perennial plants from F₂ or subsequent populations, crossing those plants with S. bicolor, and repeating the cycle. A retrospective field trial in Kansas showed that selection and backcrossing during 2002–2009 had improved grain yields and seed weights of breeding lines. Second-season grain yields of sorghum lines regrowing from rhizomes were similar to yields in the first season. Further selection cycles have been completed since 2009. Many rhizomatous lines that cannot survive winters in Kansas are perennial at subtropical or tropical locations in North America and Africa. Grain yield in Kansas was not correlated with rhizomatousness in either Kansas or Uganda. Genomic regions affecting rhizome growth and development have been mapped, providing new breeding tools. The S. halepense gene pool may harbor many alleles useful for improving sorghum for a broad range of traits in addition to perenniality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies, Advances and Challenges of Breeding Perennial Grain Crops)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1057 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Sustainable Performance of the Steel Industry in Korea Based on SBM-DEA

by Yongrok Choi^1,*

, Yanni Yu² and Hyoung Seok Lee^1,*

¹ Global E-Governance Program, Inha University, Inharo100, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea

² Institute of Resource, Environment and Sustainable Development (IRESD), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010173 - 12 Jan 2018

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 6335

Abstract

Since South Korea has implemented its emissions trading scheme (ETS) in 2015, several studies have explored the sustainable performance of ETS in terms of production efficiency. However, few studies focused on Korean company-level data in their model. Thus, this study focuses on data [...] Read more.

Since South Korea has implemented its emissions trading scheme (ETS) in 2015, several studies have explored the sustainable performance of ETS in terms of production efficiency. However, few studies focused on Korean company-level data in their model. Thus, this study focuses on data from firms in the steel industry, which is a representative greenhouse gas emitter. Based on the slack-based measure (SBM) approach, we find the following implications: First, this paper evaluates both environment energy efficiency (EEE) and traditional energy efficiency and discovers that the efficiency value, in general, is overestimated, when greenhouse gas emissions are ignored. EEE still shows a decreasing efficiency value over time, implying that strong regulation is needed to increase efficiency. Second, this paper provides the return to scale status of decision-making units in the steel industry, through decomposing EEE. Results show that many steel firms are in the state of increasing returns to scale, so they can enhance their efficiency by increasing their scale. Finally, this paper provides benchmark information with which an inefficient firm can enhance its performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Cooperation for the Sustainable Development and Management in Northeast Asia)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 1100 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Integration of Climate Change and Development Strategies at Local Levels: Insights from Muheza District, Tanzania

by Giovanni Pilato^1,*, Susannah M. Sallu^1,2,*

and Marta Gaworek-Michalczenia¹

¹ Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK

² ESRC Centre for Climate Change, Economics and Policy, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010174 - 12 Jan 2018

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 6895

Abstract

Integration of climate change measures in local development planning and delivery of Climate Compatible Development (CCD) at local levels is widely advocated to assist achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Such integration is not straightforward, and limited knowledge on multi-level governance of CCD [...] Read more.

Integration of climate change measures in local development planning and delivery of Climate Compatible Development (CCD) at local levels is widely advocated to assist achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Such integration is not straightforward, and limited knowledge on multi-level governance of CCD exists. To progress this critical enquiry, we build on the concept of Climate Policy Integration (CPI) to assess how climate change measures are integrated in local development planning. We investigate the existing institutional arrangements across local levels (village to district) and sectors, and the barriers to and opportunities for CCD within local government authorities (LGAs). Particularly, we draw on qualitative analysis of local development policy and interviews conducted with LGAs in Muheza District of Tanzania. Findings show that several barriers, including under-resourcing, unreliable information on climate impacts, and the lack of guidelines for climate-development in key national policies are hindering the process towards CCD in local development planning. This study suggests that building capacity both within LGAs and at the national level are required to achieve CCD at sub-national levels. Currently, measures to address climate change are mostly implemented by development partners, so coordination between LGAs and these external stakeholders is essential to ensure consistency between climate and development objectives. Finally, our findings support a flexible approach to CCD, where emphasis on each of the three components of CCD—mitigation, adaptation, and development—can vary across time and space. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Adaptation, Mitigation and Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 828 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Attitudes and Sensory Perceptions of Food Consumers towards Technological Innovation in Mexico: A Case-Study on Rice-Based Dessert

by Lizbeth Salgado-Beltrán^1,*

, Luis F. Beltrán-Morales², Alma T. Velarde-Mendivil³ and María E. Robles-Baldenegro³

¹ Department of Economic and Administrative Sciences, University of Sonora, 83621 Hermosillo, Mexico

² Environmental and Planning Program, Northwest Biological Research Center, 23096 La Paz, Mexico

³ Department of Accounting, University of Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, Mexico

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010175 - 12 Jan 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5330

Abstract

Innovation in the agro-food system has become a strategy increasingly used by companies as a means to increase their competitiveness and position themselves in the market. In this context, the objective of this work is to identify the attitudes and sensory perceptions of [...] Read more.

Innovation in the agro-food system has become a strategy increasingly used by companies as a means to increase their competitiveness and position themselves in the market. In this context, the objective of this work is to identify the attitudes and sensory perceptions of consumers towards food technology through two scales (food technology neophobia and domain specific innovativeness) and hedonic tastings. For this, a new product was selected in the market: powder to prepare rice with milk. Most consumers have attitudes toward low neophobia to products with food technology, but there is also some caution, a situation that is corroborated by the moderate predisposition towards innovations. Color and flavor attributes can make the difference in positive perceptions. It should not be forgotten that there is a segment of innovative consumers that represent a key market. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 7709 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change on Meteorology in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region from 1990 to 2010

by Jiayang Li¹, Xinqi Zheng^1,2,*

, Chunxiao Zhang¹ and Youmin Chen³

¹ School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

² Key Laboratory of Geological Information Technology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100037, China

³ The College of Environment and Planning of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010176 - 12 Jan 2018

Cited by 57 | Viewed by 5298

Abstract

Land use and land cover (LULC) in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region has changed significantly since 1990. To comprehensively understand its impact on meteorology, this paper uses an LULC transfer matrix to discuss changes 10 years before the millennium (BM) and 10 years after the [...] Read more.

Land use and land cover (LULC) in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region has changed significantly since 1990. To comprehensively understand its impact on meteorology, this paper uses an LULC transfer matrix to discuss changes 10 years before the millennium (BM) and 10 years after the millennium (AM). The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to simulate air temperature, precipitation, and wind speed in January and July using 1990, 2000, and 2010 LULC data. The temperature increase in the AM period (0.118 °C) was greater than that in the BM period (0.042 °C) and increased by 0.36 °C in response to the transformation from croplands to urban and built-up lands (UBL). The change in precipitation showed an obvious seasonal difference, where the trend decreased in winter and increased in summer. There was a small band of precipitation change that extended from Beijing to Shijiazhuang. The wind speed at 10 m decreased by 0.04 m/s in winter and 0.017 m/s in summer. Simultaneously, the impact on meteorology from different classification transformations was quantified. The region where land was transformed into UBL had the largest reduction in wind speed, and was later transformed into woodlands. A comprehensive discussion on the impact of LULC changes on climate should support the future development of more environmentally compatible and sustainable land planning. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 4557 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evolution of Integrated Open Aquaculture Systems in Hungary: Results from a Case Study

by József Popp¹

, László Váradi², Emese Békefi³, András Péteri³, Gergő Gyalog³

, Zoltán Lakner⁴ and Judit Oláh^5,*

¹ Faculty of Economics and Business, Institute of Sectoral Economics and Methodology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary

² Hungarian Aquaculture and Fisheries Inter-Branch Organisation (MA-HAL), Ballagi Mór u. 8, 1118 Budapest, Hungary

³ Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture (NARIC HAKI), National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, 8 Anna-liget, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary

⁴ Szent István University, Faculty of Food Science, 1118 Budapest, Hungary

⁵ Faculty of Economics and Business, Institute of Applied Informatics and Logistics, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010177 - 12 Jan 2018

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 8739

Abstract

This article presents the history of integrated farming in aquaculture through a Hungarian case study. The development of Hungarian integrated aquaculture is aligned with global trends. In the previous millennium, the utilization of the nutrients introduced into the system was the main aspect [...] Read more.

This article presents the history of integrated farming in aquaculture through a Hungarian case study. The development of Hungarian integrated aquaculture is aligned with global trends. In the previous millennium, the utilization of the nutrients introduced into the system was the main aspect of the integration. In Hungary, technologies that integrated fish production with growing crops and animal husbandry appeared, including for example: large-scale fish-cum-rice production; fish-cum-duck production; and integrated pig-fish farming which were introduced in the second half of the 20th century. Today, the emphasis is on integrating the use of the kind of feed where the main goal is to minimize nutrient loads in the surrounding natural ecosystems and to maximize the utilization of the unit’s water resources. The various modern integrated freshwater aquaculture systems, such as intensive fish production combined with wetland, recirculation aquaculture system and multi-functional aquaculture, have proved their viability. However, the future opportunities for these systems have not always been properly recognized and acknowledged when the future of European aquaculture is discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

18 pages, 9888 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Framework of Payment for Ecosystem Services to Protect Cropland: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta in China

by Jie Guo^1,2

, Tianqi Zhu¹, Minghao Ou^1,2,*, Fengsong Pei³

, Xiaoyu Gan⁴, Weixin Ou^1,2,* and Yu Tao¹

¹ College of Land Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

² National & Local Joint Engineering, Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing 210095, China

³ School of Geography, Geomatics, and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China

⁴ College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010178 - 12 Jan 2018

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5156

Abstract

Due to large land demand and insufficient economic incentives, stakeholders have little motivation to protect cropland during rapid urbanization. The considerable loss of cropland poses a serious threat to food security and ecological sustainability. This research proposes a framework of payment for ecosystem [...] Read more.

Due to large land demand and insufficient economic incentives, stakeholders have little motivation to protect cropland during rapid urbanization. The considerable loss of cropland poses a serious threat to food security and ecological sustainability. This research proposes a framework of payment for ecosystem services (PES) to reconcile the large land demand and the need for cropland protection during economic development by identifying whom to compensate, what to pay, how much to pay, the mechanisms for payment, and verification of service delivery. Using the Yangtze River Delta as an example, the features of the PES based on supply-demand analysis, compensation quality and value standards, and payment regulation are demonstrated. The results show the effectiveness of this PES framework for handling the externality of environmental protection compared to traditional regulatory approaches. The framework will also aid in the protection of cropland by coordinating the benefits of stakeholders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Defining and Assessing Landscape and Urban Sustainability: Linking Spatial Patterns, Ecosystems Services, and Human Wellbeing)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 2926 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Incorporating Road User Costs into Integrated Life-Cycle Cost Analyses for Infrastructure Sustainability: A Case Study on Sr-91 Corridor Improvement Project (Ca)

by Eul-Bum Lee^1,*

, David K. Thomas² and Douglas Alleman³

¹ Graduate School of Engineering Mastership, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Ku, Pohang 37673, Korea

² SR-91 Corridor Improvement Project, Riverside County Transportation Commission, CA 92879, USA

³ Construction Engineering and Management, Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80203, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010179 - 12 Jan 2018

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5625

Abstract

Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a decision-making tool that allows governing agencies the ability to assess several long-term alternative investment options. This paper presents a LCCA analysis process which integrates the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) program, RealCost (a road user cost calculation program), [...] Read more.

Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a decision-making tool that allows governing agencies the ability to assess several long-term alternative investment options. This paper presents a LCCA analysis process which integrates the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) program, RealCost (a road user cost calculation program), the FHWA-endorsed Construction Analysis for Pavement Rehabilitation Strategies (CA4PRS) and Caltrans specific design tools (CalFP and CalAC), into the existing Caltrans LCCA process (a modified version of the FHWA LCCA process). In using tools backed by the FHWA and validated through previous agency use, the presented process has a potential to be replicated on urban corridor improvement projects across the US while aiding agencies in achieving economical sustainability throughout the infrastructure maintenance phases. This paper also fills the gap identified by Ozbay et al. in 2004, incorporating road user cost calculations into the LCCA process. Validation was achieved through the execution of the recently completed $1.4 B US California SR-91 Corridor Improvement Project. The SR-91 team used the presented tool to choose one of the two alternatives (maintain HOV SR-91 lane and add I-15 HOV lane using long-life Portland Cement Concrete Pavement or add Express Lane to SR-91 and I-15 using long-life Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement and Asphalt Concrete Pavement), equating to an estimated life-cost savings of $32 M. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Construction, Development and Management in the Built Environment)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1572 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

The Sustainable Seafood Movement Is a Governance Concert, with the Audience Playing a Key Role

by Kate Barclay^1,*

and Alice Miller²

¹ School of International Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia

² BESTTuna Project, Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University (WUR), Hollandseweg 1, 6706KN Wageningen, The Netherlands

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010180 - 12 Jan 2018

Cited by 40 | Viewed by 11015

Abstract

Private standards, including ecolabels, have been posed as a governance solution for the global fisheries crisis. The conventional logic is that ecolabels meet consumer demand for certified “sustainable” seafood, with “good” players rewarded with price premiums or market share and “bad” players punished [...] Read more.

Private standards, including ecolabels, have been posed as a governance solution for the global fisheries crisis. The conventional logic is that ecolabels meet consumer demand for certified “sustainable” seafood, with “good” players rewarded with price premiums or market share and “bad” players punished by reduced sales. Empirically, however, in the markets where ecolabeling has taken hold, retailers and brands—rather than consumers—are demanding sustainable sourcing, to build and protect their reputation. The aim of this paper is to devise a more accurate logic for understanding the sustainable seafood movement, using a qualitative literature review and reflection on our previous research. We find that replacing the consumer-driven logic with a retailer/brand-driven logic does not go far enough in making research into the sustainable seafood movement more useful. Governance is a “concert” and cannot be adequately explained through individual actor groups. We propose a new logic going beyond consumer- or retailer/brand-driven models, and call on researchers to build on the partial pictures given by studies on prices and willingness-to-pay, investigating more fully the motivations of actors in the sustainable seafood movement, and considering audience beyond the direct consumption of the product in question. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seafood Sustainability - Series I)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Algorithm for Modelling the Impact of the Judicial Conflict-Resolution Process on Construction Investment

by Andrej Bugajev^*,†

and Olga R. Šostak^†

¹ Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania

^† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010182 - 12 Jan 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3891

Abstract

In this article, the modelling of the judicial conflict-resolution process is considered from a construction investor’s point of view. Such modelling is important for improving the risk management for construction investors and supporting sustainable city development by supporting the development of rules regulating [...] Read more.

In this article, the modelling of the judicial conflict-resolution process is considered from a construction investor’s point of view. Such modelling is important for improving the risk management for construction investors and supporting sustainable city development by supporting the development of rules regulating the construction process. Thus, this raises the problem of evaluation of different decisions and selection of the optimal one followed by distribution extraction. First, the example of such a process is analysed and schematically represented. Then, it is formalised as a graph, which is described in the form of a decision graph with cycles. We use some natural problem properties and provide the algorithm to convert this graph into a tree. Then, we propose the algorithm to evaluate profits for different scenarios with estimation of time, which is done by integration of an average daily costs function. Afterwards, the optimisation problem is solved and the optimal investor strategy is obtained—this allows one to extract the construction project profit distribution, which can be used for further analysis by standard risk (and other important information)-evaluation techniques. The overall algorithm complexity is analysed, the computational experiment is performed and conclusions are formulated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Construction Engineering)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 1327 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rice Pricing during Organic Conversion of the Honghe Hani Rice Terrace System in China

by Moucheng Liu¹, Qingwen Min^1,2,* and Lun Yang^1,2

¹ Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China

² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010183 - 15 Jan 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7065

Abstract

In 2002, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization initiated the Globally Important Agriculture Heritage Systems conservation program. Agricultural organic certification, based on traditional environmentally friendly technology, increases farmer income and encourages traditional agricultural heritage. However, during the organic conversion period, farmer income [...] Read more.

In 2002, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization initiated the Globally Important Agriculture Heritage Systems conservation program. Agricultural organic certification, based on traditional environmentally friendly technology, increases farmer income and encourages traditional agricultural heritage. However, during the organic conversion period, farmer income cannot be guaranteed; this period is also a bottleneck for heritage conservation via organic certification. Based on experiences at the Honghe Hani rice terrace system in Yunnan, China, we calculated and compared inputs and outputs of traditional and modern systems during organic conversion and developed a calculation method for determining opportunity costs of agricultural production. We found that the stability of farmer income during conversion can be guaranteed by setting the protective purchasing price at 6.93 CNY/kg, thereby achieving the goal of dynamic conservation of agricultural heritage systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting the Sustainability of Agricultural Heritage Systems through Dynamic Conservation)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 1587 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Operating Efficiency Evaluation of China Listed Automotive Firms: 2012–2016

by Huichen Jiang^1,*, Liyan Han¹, Yongbin Ding¹ and Yifan He²

¹ School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

² International College, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450052, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010184 - 13 Jan 2018

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4701

Abstract

As one of the important pillar industries in China, the automotive industry (i.e., the traditional vehicle and the new energy vehicle (NEV) sub-industries) plays a significant role in the national economy and social development. In this paper, by using the fixed assets, intangible [...] Read more.

As one of the important pillar industries in China, the automotive industry (i.e., the traditional vehicle and the new energy vehicle (NEV) sub-industries) plays a significant role in the national economy and social development. In this paper, by using the fixed assets, intangible assets, the operating expenses, and the number of employee as inputs and the operating income as output, we conduct efficiency evaluations based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist models, and measure the efficiency of listed automotive firms with the panel data of 77 listed A-share firms spanning from 2012 to 2016, statically and dynamically. The results show that the five-year average Malmquist indices of all the listed firms slightly decreased due to the decline of the technical change and the improvement of the efficiency change. We subdivide the automotive industry into the traditional vehicle and NEV industries, and find that the NEV industry performed better than the traditional one. We combine the industry development and efficiency evaluation, and believe that the NEV will be a new driving force of the economy. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 1043 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Policy Influence on Consumers’ Evolution into Prosumers—Empirical Findings from an Exploratory Survey in Europe

by Kirsi Kotilainen^1,2,3,* and Ulla A. Saari¹

¹ Faculty of Business and Built Environment, Tampere University of Technology, 33720 Tampere, Finland

² Faculty of Management, University of Tampere, 33100 Tampere, Finland

³ Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010186 - 13 Jan 2018

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 7120

Abstract

The energy sector is in transition to a flexible and sustainable energy system based on renewable energy sources. This complex transition is affecting multiple levels in the sociotechnical system. One driver of the transition is climate change that enforces the policy push from [...] Read more.

The energy sector is in transition to a flexible and sustainable energy system based on renewable energy sources. This complex transition is affecting multiple levels in the sociotechnical system. One driver of the transition is climate change that enforces the policy push from the macro level to change the way energy is produced, delivered, and used. As part of the energy system evolution, the role of the end user in the energy sector is undergoing profound changes, and consumers are increasingly being empowered to participate actively in the production and use of energy. This article investigates how policies might affect consumers’ interests in becoming prosumers of energy. We explore consumers’ attitudes toward using renewable energy technologies (RET) by means of an empirical consumer survey that was conducted in five European countries. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method was utilized to analyze the survey results. Our findings suggest that both economic and non-economic policies affect consumer attitudes toward using renewable energy technologies. We conclude that policies have different effects on consumers and prosumers, who have already made the decision to adopt renewable energy solutions. Based on the findings, we propose a set of policy and managerial implications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy Policy and Policy Implications—Good Examples and Critical Reflections)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 2127 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influencing Factors, Regional Difference and Temporal Variation of Industrial Technology Innovation: Evidence with the FOA-GRNN Model

by Yongli Zhang^1,2, Sanggyun Na^1,*

, Jianguang Niu^1,2 and Beichen Jiang^1,2

¹ School of Business Administration, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Korea

² School of Management Science and Engineering, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010187 - 15 Jan 2018

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4916

Abstract

Technology innovation is a motivating force for sustainable development. The recognition and measurement of influencing factors are a basic prerequisite of technology innovation research. In response to the gaps and shortages of existing theories and methods, this paper builds the impact indicators of [...] Read more.

Technology innovation is a motivating force for sustainable development. The recognition and measurement of influencing factors are a basic prerequisite of technology innovation research. In response to the gaps and shortages of existing theories and methods, this paper builds the impact indicators of technology innovation, the proposed FOA-GRNN model, and analyzes the influencing factors, regional differences and temporal variations of technology innovation based on industrial above-scale enterprises of 31 provinces in China from 2008 to 2015. The empirical results show that innovation investment is a determinant of technology innovation in China, and is more and more significant; meanwhile a wide gap of innovation resource between Eastern China and Western China exists. In general, the enterprise scale has a negative effect: with enlargement of enterprise in China, the innovation efficiency of enterprise will decline, while the effect has regional disparity, with positive influence in Central and Western China, and negative influence in Eastern China. Government support has negative effects on technology innovation: indirect equity investment contributes more to technology innovation than direct fund support. Innovation environment has positive and weak effects on technology innovation, but it is the biggest obstacle in Western China, and the innovation environment in China has improved continuously. This paper provides new evidence that can shine some light on determining the factors affecting technology innovation, and also presents a novel approach, which comprises characteristics of nonlinear function approximation, high accuracy and a small sample. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Big Data and Predictive Analytics for Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 9257 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quantifying Urban Land Sprawl and its Driving Forces in Northeast China from 1990 to 2015

by Lin Chen^1,2

, Chunying Ren^1,*, Bai Zhang¹, Zongming Wang¹ and Mingyue Liu^1,2

¹ Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China

² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010188 - 13 Jan 2018

Cited by 77 | Viewed by 6592

Abstract

Drastic urbanization has resulted in numerous problems worldwide, and many studies were devoted to individual cities. There is an urgent need to quantify urbanization patterns and illustrate their driving forces in the regional area on a large scale over a longer time period. [...] Read more.

Drastic urbanization has resulted in numerous problems worldwide, and many studies were devoted to individual cities. There is an urgent need to quantify urbanization patterns and illustrate their driving forces in the regional area on a large scale over a longer time period. This study produced a land cover dataset to characterize sequential urban land expansion in Northeast China from 1990 to 2015 using object-based backdating classification and calculating the expansion index. The drivers were investigated using Pearson correlation analysis and the multiple linear stepwise regression model. The results revealed that the total area of urban land increased by 43.15% from 1990 to 2015, mainly in the middle part of the study area, and especially in the coastal area of Liaoning. Liaoning had the fastest growth rate, while Heilongjiang showed a decrease in growth rate rankings. Urban land expanded northward and southward within Harbin City, towards the west and east within Changchun City, and relatively equally in all directions within Shenyang City. Expansion patterns changed from edge expansion (42%) to outlying expansion (47%). Urban land of Liaoning and the Eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous region expanded with similar patterns as the entire area, but that of Heilongjiang grew in an opposite pattern, and Jilin maintained outlying major expansion. The influence of factors on urban land sprawl varied temporally. Tertiary industry product, gross domestic product, secondary industry product, total population and urban population were driving factors of urban land sprawl in Northeast China from 1990 to 2015. This research provides quantitative methods for better understanding urban land dynamics and devising feasible strategies for sustainable urban development. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1306 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Business Idea Fit Affects Sustainability and Creates Opportunities for Value Co-Creation in Nascent Firms

by Gian Luca Casali^1,*, Mirko Perano^2,*

, Andrea Moretta Tartaglione³ and Roxanne Zolin⁴

¹ School of Management, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City QLD 4000, Australia

² Department of Management, Reald University College, Vlorë 9400, Albania

³ Department of Economics and Law, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino FR 03043, Italy

⁴ Australian Institute of Business, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010189 - 14 Jan 2018

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 8318

Abstract

A well-defined business idea is essential for nascent business sustainability in the future. The business idea must fit firm knowledge and resources to a profitable business opportunity. This work adopts the framework of value co-creation, strongly related to the service-dominant logic paradigm. We [...] Read more.

A well-defined business idea is essential for nascent business sustainability in the future. The business idea must fit firm knowledge and resources to a profitable business opportunity. This work adopts the framework of value co-creation, strongly related to the service-dominant logic paradigm. We ask how does business idea fit affect new venture sustainability and create opportunities for value co-creation. We propose that a business idea that lacks fit is less sustainable, but it could create opportunities for value co-creation. This study develops and validates an empirically grounded taxonomy of business idea fit based on 729 Australian nascent firms using quantitative data generated from the results of a large study called CAUSEE (Comprehensive Australian Study of Entrepreneurial Emergence). A cluster analysis is used to identify distinct patterns of business idea fit. The empirical taxonomy developed in this study found four distinct clusters of firms, which were distinguished by the fit of their new business idea to knowledge, resources and market profitability: very good fit, low knowledge fit, low profit fit and low fit. Results show how these different patterns of fit create opportunities for value co-creation to create business future sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Innovation and Value Co-Creation: Finding the Strategic Link in Business Management towards Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 832 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Market Intelligence Precursors for the Entrepreneurial Resilience Approach: The Case of the Romanian Eco-Label Product Retailers

by Adrian Micu^1,*, Angela-Eliza Micu², Alexandru Capatina¹, Nicoleta Cristache¹ and Bogdan George Dragan¹

¹ Department of Business Administration, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 80008 Galati, Romania

² Department of Business Administration, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010190 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 6393

Abstract

The entrepreneurial resilience of eco-label product retailers emphasises their adaptive capability for renewal after the economic crisis. This paper explores the resilience of the market intelligence techniques adopted by the eco-label product retailers in order to contribute to sustainable development of this market [...] Read more.

The entrepreneurial resilience of eco-label product retailers emphasises their adaptive capability for renewal after the economic crisis. This paper explores the resilience of the market intelligence techniques adopted by the eco-label product retailers in order to contribute to sustainable development of this market in Romania. The research, conducted on a sample of Romanian retailers of eco-label products, analyses the main sources for gathering data about their competitors, the reasons for monitoring the strategic options of their competitors and the specific market intelligence techniques employed within the entrepreneurial resilience approach, aiming to overcome the negative crisis effects. The research outlines, from an entrepreneurial resilience perspective, several positioning opportunities of the eco-label product retailers after the crisis, which have affected the Romanian economy in the period 2008–2009 and have implicitly affected the eco-label market. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards Resilient Entrepreneurship and Technological Development in Self-Sustainable Economies)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 245 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Econometric Modeling of SME Performance. Case of Romania

by Ioan Batrancea^1,*, Ioan-Dan Morar², Ema Masca³, Sabau Catalin¹ and Liviu Bechis⁴

¹ Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Babeş-Bolyai University, 58-60 Teodor Mihali Str., Cluj-Napoca400591, Romania

² Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, 1-5 Armatei Romane Str., Oradea 410087, Romania

³ Faculty of Economics, Juridical and Administrative Sciences, Petru Maior University, 69 Livezeni Str., Targu-Mures 540566, Romania

⁴ Faculty of Economics, Computer Science and Engineering, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 86 Liviu Rebreanu Str., Arad 310414, Romania

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010192 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6103

Abstract

In the present study, we analyzed the financial equilibrium factors that have a major impact on SME financial performance, as this performance is considered to have played a pivotal role in Romania’s recovery from the economic crisis. Thus, we built econometric models based [...] Read more.

In the present study, we analyzed the financial equilibrium factors that have a major impact on SME financial performance, as this performance is considered to have played a pivotal role in Romania’s recovery from the economic crisis. Thus, we built econometric models based on return on assets and return on sales in five economic sectors, i.e., pharmaceuticals, furniture manufacturing, leather garment factories, software firms and textile factories. We show how the enterprises’ performance was influenced by the independent variables of the equilibrium: fixed assets, current assets, inventory, receivables, equity and liabilities. The results indicate that return on assets is influenced by the current assets ratio and the inventory ratio in all models, as well as by the equity-to-total liabilities ratio in 80% of the models. We also notice that assets ratios have the highest influence on performance evaluation, namely inventory ratio in all models and current assets ratio in 87.5% of the models. In addition, liabilities ratios influence performance as follows: equity-to-total liabilities ratio in 80% of the models and total debt-to-assets ratio in 35% of the models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in SMEs)

16 pages, 4978 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Sustainability of the Reanalysis Databases in Predicting the Wind and Wave Power along the European Coasts

by Florin Onea^*

and Eugen Rusu

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010193 - 15 Jan 2018

Cited by 41 | Viewed by 4027

Abstract

In the present work, the wind and wave conditions in the European nearshore are assessed considering a total of 118 years of data, covering the time interval from 1900 to 2017. In this context, special attention has been given to the western European [...] Read more.

In the present work, the wind and wave conditions in the European nearshore are assessed considering a total of 118 years of data, covering the time interval from 1900 to 2017. In this context, special attention has been given to the western European coasts that are facing the ocean. In order to do this, the reanalysis data coming from three state-of-the-art databases (ERA Interim, ERA20C, and NCEP) were processed. Furthermore, a more complete picture was provided by also including the satellite measurements coming from the AVISO (Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic Data) project in the analysis. From this perspective, the distribution of the two marine energy resources was discussed, which throughout energetic maps—and further, on some specific reference sites—were defined at a distance of 50 km from the shore for more detailed analysis and comparison. As expected, the places located in the vicinity of the United Kingdom present more important energy resources, but some other interesting sites were also highlighted. Furthermore, although each dataset is defined by particular features, there is a similar pattern in the identification of the sites’ attractiveness, regardless of the database considered for assessment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 6719 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Threatened Plants in China’s Sanjiang Plain: Hotspot Distributions and Gap Analysis

by Baojia Du^1,2, Yanyan Zheng³, Jiping Liu^1,* and Dehua Mao^2,*

¹ Institute of Ecology and Environment, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China

² Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China

³ No. 1 Senior Middle School of Siping, Siping 136000, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010194 - 15 Jan 2018

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5573

Abstract

Global biodiversity is markedly decreasing in response to climate change and human disturbance. Sanjiang Plain is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot in China due to its high forest and wetland coverage, but species are being lost at an unprecedented rate, induced by anthropogenic [...] Read more.

Global biodiversity is markedly decreasing in response to climate change and human disturbance. Sanjiang Plain is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot in China due to its high forest and wetland coverage, but species are being lost at an unprecedented rate, induced by anthropogenic activities. Identifying hotspot distributions and conservation gaps of threatened species is of particular significance for enhancing the conservation of biodiversity. Specifically, we integrated the principles and methods of spatial hotspot inspection, geographic information system (GIS) technology and spatial autocorrelation analysis along with fieldwork to determine the spatial distribution patterns and unprotected hotspots of vulnerable and endangered plants in Sanjiang Plain. A gap analysis of the conservation status of vulnerable and endangered plants was conducted. Our results indicate that six nationally-protected plants were not observed in nature reserves or were without any protection, while the protection rates were <10% for 10 other nationally-protected plants. Protected areas (PAs) cover <5% of the distribution areas for 31 threatened plant species, while only five species are covered by national nature reserves (NNRs) within >50% of the distribution areas. We found 30 hotspots with vulnerable and endangered plants in the study area, but the area covered by NNRs is very limited. Most of the hotspots were located in areas with a high-high aggregation of plant species. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the area of existing nature reserves, establish miniature protection plots and create new PAs and ecological corridors to link the existing PAs. Our findings can contribute to the design of a PA network for botanical conservation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wetland Ecology, Conservation and Sustainability: Applications of Geospatial Techniques)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Environmental Parametric Cost Model in Oil and Gas EPC Contracts

by Madjid Abbaspour¹

, Sanaz Toutounchian^2,*, Tooraj Dana², Zahra Abedi² and Solmaz Toutounchian²

¹ School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010195 - 18 Jan 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5366

Abstract

This study aims at identifying the parameters that govern the environmental costs in oil and gas projects. An initial conceptual model was proposed. Next, the costs of environmental management work packages were estimated, separately and were applied in project control tools (WBS/CBS). Then, [...] Read more.

This study aims at identifying the parameters that govern the environmental costs in oil and gas projects. An initial conceptual model was proposed. Next, the costs of environmental management work packages were estimated, separately and were applied in project control tools (WBS/CBS). Then, an environmental parametric cost model was designed to determine the environmental costs and relevant weighting factors. The suggested model can be considered as an innovative approach to designate the environmental indicators in oil and gas projects. The validity of variables was investigated based on Delphi method. The results indicated that the project environmental management’s weighting factor is 0.87% of total project’s weighting factor. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 2322 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Technological Collaboration Characteristics of the Global Integrated Circuit Manufacturing Industry

by Yun Liu^1,2, Zhe Yan¹

, Yijie Cheng¹ and Xuanting Ye^1,*

¹ School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

² School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010196 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 7806

Abstract

With the intensification of international competition, there are many international technological collaborations in the integrated circuit manufacturing (ICM) industry. The importance of improving the level of international technological collaboration is becoming more and more prominent. Therefore, it is vital for a country, a [...] Read more.

With the intensification of international competition, there are many international technological collaborations in the integrated circuit manufacturing (ICM) industry. The importance of improving the level of international technological collaboration is becoming more and more prominent. Therefore, it is vital for a country, a region, or an institution to understand the international technological collaboration characteristics of the ICM industry and, thus, to know how to enhance its own international technological collaboration. This paper depicts the international technological collaboration characteristics of the ICM industry based on patent analysis. Four aspects, which include collaboration patterns, collaboration networks, collaboration institutions, and collaboration impacts, are analyzed by utilizing patent association analysis and social network analysis. The findings include the following: first, in regard to international technological collaboration, the USA has the highest level, while Germany has great potential for future development; second, Asia and Europe have already formed clusters, respectively, in the cooperative network; last, but not least, research institutions, colleges, and universities should also actively participate in international collaboration. In general, this study provides an objective reference for policy making, competitiveness, and sustainability in the ICM industry. The framework presented in this paper could be applied to examine other industrial international technological collaborations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Knowledge Management, Innovation and Big Data: Implications for Sustainability, Policy Making and Competitiveness)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 3052 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Price Determinants of Affordable Apartments in Vietnam: Toward the Public–Private Partnerships for Sustainable Housing Development

by Ducksu Seo^1,*

, You Seok Chung² and Youngsang Kwon^1,*

¹ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea

² National Housing Organization, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010197 - 15 Jan 2018

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 9392

Abstract

Since the Doi Moi policy of economic reform in 1986, Vietnam has experienced economic development and housing market growth with increasing foreign direct investment. While high-end apartment development has dominated since the emergence of the privatized housing market, more recent focus is on [...] Read more.

Since the Doi Moi policy of economic reform in 1986, Vietnam has experienced economic development and housing market growth with increasing foreign direct investment. While high-end apartment development has dominated since the emergence of the privatized housing market, more recent focus is on the affordable apartment segment with the remarkable surge of middle-income households in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). While most previous studies have analyzed housing price determinants based on locational classification, this study is based on the affordability framework of the housing market in HCMC. It aims to investigate the price determinants of affordable and unaffordable apartment units using the hedonic regression model. The study identified common factors between the two types of apartments, such as vertical shared access and proximity to downtown, as well as unique factors for each, such as more high-rise towers, foreign development, proximity to main roads, and shopping malls only for the affordable segments. The findings have valuable implications, not only for future investors and developers in setting up successful housing development strategies, but also for the public sector in strongly encouraging public–private partnerships for sustainable housing development in Vietnam. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Cooperation for the Sustainable Development and Management in Northeast Asia)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 8000 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Soft Asphalt and Double Otta Seal—Self-Healing Sustainable Techniques for Low-Volume Gravel Road Rehabilitation

by Audrius Vaitkus¹, Viktoras Vorobjovas¹, Faustina Tuminienė¹, Judita Gražulytė^1,*

and Donatas Čygas²

¹ Road Research Institute, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų g. 28, LT-80217 Vilnius, Lithuania

² Department of Roads, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010198 - 15 Jan 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6320

Abstract

Increased traffic flow on low-volume gravel roads and deficiencies of national road infrastructure, are increasingly apparent in Lithuania. Gravel roads do not comply with requirements, resulting in low driving comfort, longer travelling time, faster vehicle amortization, and dustiness. The control of dustiness is [...] Read more.

Increased traffic flow on low-volume gravel roads and deficiencies of national road infrastructure, are increasingly apparent in Lithuania. Gravel roads do not comply with requirements, resulting in low driving comfort, longer travelling time, faster vehicle amortization, and dustiness. The control of dustiness is one of the most important road maintenance activities on gravel roads. Another important issue is the assurance of required driving comfort and safety. Soft asphalt and Otta Seal technologies were proposed as a sustainable solution for the improvement of low-volume roads in Lithuania. Five gravel roads were constructed with soft asphalt, and 13 gravel roads were sealed with double Otta Seal, in 2012. The main aim of this research was to check soft asphalt and double Otta Seal’s ability to self-heal, on the basis of the results of the qualitative visual assessment of pavement defects and distress. The qualitative visual assessment was carried out twice a year following the opening of the rehabilitated road sections. The results confirmed soft asphalt and double Otta Seal’s ability to self-heal. The healing effect was more than 13% and 19% on roads with soft asphalt and double Otta Seal, respectively. In addition, on some roads, all cracks observed in spring self-healed during summer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Construction Engineering)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 5034 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bounded Rationality in the Developmental Trajectory of Environmental Target Policy in China, 1972–2016

by Rui Mu

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010199 - 15 Jan 2018

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5621

Abstract

This article applies the theoretical notion of “bounded rationality” to understand and to explain the updates of the Environmental Target Policy (ETP) in China during 1972–2016. An analytical framework is built up by combining the phase model and the stream model in policy [...] Read more.

This article applies the theoretical notion of “bounded rationality” to understand and to explain the updates of the Environmental Target Policy (ETP) in China during 1972–2016. An analytical framework is built up by combining the phase model and the stream model in policy science in order to trace the longitudinal transformation of the ETP. In addition, the article adopts the “event sequence method” to discover the dynamics of the problem, politics, and policy streams of the target policy and to identify the evolving coupling between the different streams. It shows that China’s ETP has experienced five phases of development. For each phase the central government had its specific bounded rationality to make the crucial decision on the ETP. The decisions on the ETP in different phases were made when policy windows were open with the coupling of the problem, politics, and policy streams. As for the updates of the ETP, we find that the rationalities of the central governments in the five phases were limited by the emergent practices during the ETP implementation, which gave momentum to the central government to seek new solutions and to revise and adapt the ETP. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 4533 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Variations of Ecosystem Service Value in Response to Land-Use Change in the Kashgar Region, Northwest China

by Aynur Mamat^1,2, Ümüt Halik^1,*

and Aihemaitijiang Rouzi³

¹ Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

² Kashgar Research Center, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kashgar 844000, China

³ Ecology Postdoctoral Research Station, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010200 - 15 Jan 2018

Cited by 69 | Viewed by 6259

Abstract

Increasing anthropogenic activities have significantly altered ecosystems in arid oasis regions. Estimating the impact on a wide range of ecosystem services is important for decision making and the sustainable development of these regions. This study analyzed time-series Landsat data to determine the influences [...] Read more.

Increasing anthropogenic activities have significantly altered ecosystems in arid oasis regions. Estimating the impact on a wide range of ecosystem services is important for decision making and the sustainable development of these regions. This study analyzed time-series Landsat data to determine the influences of oasis land-use changes on the ecosystem services in the Kashgar region in Northwest China. The following results were found. The total value of the ecosystem services in the Kashgar region were approximately $10,845.3, $11,218.6, $10,291.7, and $10,127.3 million in 1986, 1996, 2005, and 2015, respectively. The water supply, waste treatment, biodiversity protection, and recreation and cultural services were the four ecosystem services with the highest service value, contributing 77.05% of the total ecosystem services. The combined contribution rate of food production and raw material value was only about 4.02%, relatively small. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the estimated total ecosystem service value (ESV) for this study area was relatively inelastic with respect to the value coefficients. The findings of this study will be crucial for maintaining the stability and sustainable development of the oasis region, where socio-economic development and the integrity of the natural ecosystem complement each other. Furthermore, the results provide a scientific basis for decision makers in land use management, and provide a reference for researchers in the Northwest China. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Defining and Assessing Landscape and Urban Sustainability: Linking Spatial Patterns, Ecosystems Services, and Human Wellbeing)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 12440 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula

by Chul-Hee Lim^1,2

, Yuyoung Choi¹, Moonil Kim^1,3, Soo Jeong Lee¹, Christian Folberth³ and Woo-Kyun Lee^1,*

¹ Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea

² Institute of Life Science and Natural Resource, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea

³ Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010201 - 15 Jan 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4919

Abstract

In agriculture, balancing water use and retention is an issue dealt with in most regions and for many crops. In this study, we suggest agricultural water equilibrium (AWE) as a new concept that can facilitate a spatially explicit management of agricultural water. This [...] Read more.

In agriculture, balancing water use and retention is an issue dealt with in most regions and for many crops. In this study, we suggest agricultural water equilibrium (AWE) as a new concept that can facilitate a spatially explicit management of agricultural water. This concept is based on the principle of supply and demand of agricultural water, where the virtual water content of crops (VWC) can be defined as the demand, and cropland water budget (CWB) as the supply. For assessing the AWE of the Korean Peninsula, we quantified the CWB based on the hydrological cycle and the VWC of rice, a key crop in the Peninsula. Five factors, namely crop yield, growing season evapotranspiration, annual evapotranspiration, runoff, and annual precipitation, were used to assess the AWE, of which the first four were estimated using the spatially explicit large-scale crop model, Geographical Information System (GIS)-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (GEPIC). The CWB and VWC were calculated for a period of three decades, and the AWE was computed by deducting the VWC from the CWB. Our results show a latitudinal difference across the Korean Peninsula. On analyzing the AWE of the major river basins, we found most basins in North Korea showed very low values inferring unsustainable overconsumption of water. The latitudinal difference in AWE is a reflectance of the latitudinal changes in the VWC and CWB. This can be explained by decoupling the demand and supply of agricultural water. Although the AWE values presented in this study were not absolute, the values were sufficient to explain the latitudinal change, and the demand and supply of agricultural water, and establish the usefulness of the indicator. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Irrigation for the Future: Addressing the Challenges to Improved Water Use Efficiency)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 860 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identifying the Virtuous Circle of Humanity Education and Post-Graduate Employment: Evidence from a Confucian Country

by Wonyoung Baek¹ and Joonmo Cho^2,*

¹ HRD Center, Sungkyunkwan University, 25-2, Sungkyunkwan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03063, Korea

² College of Economics, Sungkyunkwan University, 25-2, Sungkyunkwan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03063, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010202 - 15 Jan 2018

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5077

Abstract

As education for sustainable development receives continuing attention, universities provide regular courses, education programs, and individual activities on human rights, diversity, and corporate responsibilities. This study conducts an empirical analysis of a virtuous circle between experience in extracurricular programs as part of humanity [...] Read more.

As education for sustainable development receives continuing attention, universities provide regular courses, education programs, and individual activities on human rights, diversity, and corporate responsibilities. This study conducts an empirical analysis of a virtuous circle between experience in extracurricular programs as part of humanity education and performance in the labor market based on Education–Career matched data of 15,180 students who graduated from one of the Confucian-based universities between 2008 and 2015. The analysis found that employment is positively affected by not only grades but also extracurricular activities related to humanities, such as completion of an education and practice course on etiquette and social service activities. These findings are significant in verifying that the level of refinement of university students and their participation in social volunteering can have positive effects on employment, thereby leading to the sustainability of a virtuous circle between education and social and economic activities. Therefore, universities should formulate an educational system that integrates expertise, human growth, equality, and human rights, and firms should establish a specific employment manual to identify the invisible characteristics of job seekers to facilitate the sustainability of a virtuous circle between education and social and economic activities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Teaching and Learning for Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 2715 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Estimating Forest Carbon Fluxes Using Machine Learning Techniques Based on Eddy Covariance Measurements

by Xianming Dou^1,2, Yongguo Yang^1,2,*

and Jinhui Luo^1,2

¹ Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources and Reservoir Formation Process of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

² School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 203; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010203 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 48 | Viewed by 7396

Abstract

Approximating the complex nonlinear relationships that dominate the exchange of carbon dioxide fluxes between the biosphere and atmosphere is fundamentally important for addressing the issue of climate change. The progress of machine learning techniques has offered a number of useful tools for the [...] Read more.

Approximating the complex nonlinear relationships that dominate the exchange of carbon dioxide fluxes between the biosphere and atmosphere is fundamentally important for addressing the issue of climate change. The progress of machine learning techniques has offered a number of useful tools for the scientific community aiming to gain new insights into the temporal and spatial variation of different carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) models were developed to predict the daily carbon fluxes in three boreal forest ecosystems based on eddy covariance (EC) measurements. Moreover, a comparison was made between the modeled values derived from these models and those of traditional artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) models. These models were also compared with multiple linear regression (MLR). Several statistical indicators, including coefficient of determination (R²), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), bias error (Bias) and root mean square error (RMSE) were utilized to evaluate the performance of the applied models. The results showed that the developed machine learning models were able to account for the most variance in the carbon fluxes at both daily and hourly time scales in the three stands and they consistently and substantially outperformed the MLR model for both daily and hourly carbon flux estimates. It was demonstrated that the ANFIS and ANN models provided similar estimates in the testing period with an approximate value of R² = 0.93, NSE = 0.91, Bias = 0.11 g C m⁻² day⁻¹ and RMSE = 1.04 g C m⁻² day⁻¹ for daily gross primary productivity, 0.94, 0.82, 0.24 g C m⁻² day⁻¹ and 0.72 g C m⁻² day⁻¹ for daily ecosystem respiration, and 0.79, 0.75, 0.14 g C m⁻² day⁻¹ and 0.89 g C m⁻² day⁻¹ for daily net ecosystem exchange, and slightly outperformed the GRNN and SVM models. In practical terms, however, the newly developed models (ANFIS and GRNN) are more robust and flexible, and have less parameters needed for selection and optimization in comparison with traditional ANN and SVM models. Consequently, they can be used as valuable tools to estimate forest carbon fluxes and fill the missing carbon flux data during the long-term EC measurements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forests as a Key Climate Solution)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 1408 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Implementing Traceability Systems in Specific Supply Chain Management (SCM) through Critical Success Factors (CSFs)

by Shahbaz Khan¹

, Abid Haleem^1,*

, Mohd Imran Khan¹

, Mustufa Haider Abidi^2,*

and Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari³

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India

² Princess Fatima Alnijris’s Research Chair for Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia

³ Raytheon Chair for Systems Engineering, Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 204; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010204 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 108 | Viewed by 10456

Abstract

Traceability plays a vital role in the success of Halal Supply Chain (HSC). HSC revolve around the essential dimension of Halal Integrity (HI), whereas traceability is seemed to be medium to assure integrity. Thus, a need is felt to identify the factors which [...] Read more.

Traceability plays a vital role in the success of Halal Supply Chain (HSC). HSC revolve around the essential dimension of Halal Integrity (HI), whereas traceability is seemed to be medium to assure integrity. Thus, a need is felt to identify the factors which are critical to the successful implementation of traceability in Halal Supply Chain Management (HSCM). Identified Twelve Critical Success Factors (CSFs) through an extensive review of literature and opinion of experts. Further, a contextual relationship among the CSFs is developed using Total Interpretive Structure Modelling (TISM) approach and derived a model. The structural model is analyzed using Fuzzy MICMAC (Matrice d’Impacts Croises-Multipication Applique and Classment-cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) approach to identify the importance of CSFs by driving and dependence power. The primary result indicates towards; that improving the HSCM with the higher level of Halal awareness. Assuring HI will enhance the consumer satisfaction which leads to a competitive advantage for the organization. Academic researchers, industrial practitioners and Supply Chain executives can understand the complex interrelationship of CSFs by visualizing the TISM. It can help the management, lobbies and government to develop the policies regarding the implementation. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 634 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Income, Economic Structure and Trade: Impacts on Recent Water Use Trends in the European Union

by Rosa Duarte^1,*, Vicente Pinilla²

and Ana Serrano¹

¹ Department of Economic Analysis and Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Facultad de Economía y Empresa, Universidad de Zaragoza, Gran Vía 4, 50005 Zaragoza, Spain

² Department of Applied Economics and Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Facultad de Economía y Empresa, Universidad de Zaragoza, Gran Vía 4, 50005 Zaragoza, Spain

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010205 - 16 Jan 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4421

Abstract

From the mid-1990s to the recent international economic crisis, the European Union (EU27) experienced a significant economic growth and a flat population increase. During these years, the water resources directly used by the EU countries displayed a growing but smooth trend. However, European [...] Read more.

From the mid-1990s to the recent international economic crisis, the European Union (EU27) experienced a significant economic growth and a flat population increase. During these years, the water resources directly used by the EU countries displayed a growing but smooth trend. However, European activities intensively demanded water resources throughout the whole global supply chain. The growth rate of embodied water use was three times higher than the growth in water directly used by these economies. This was mainly due to the large upsurge of virtual water imports in the EU (e.g., about 25% of the change in water imports in the world was directly linked to the increasing imports in the EU27 countries). In this context, we analyze water use changes in the EU27 from 1995 to 2009, combining the production and consumption perspectives. To that aim, we use the environmentally extended input-output approach to obtain the volume of water embodied in domestic production and in trade flows at the sector and country levels. In the empirical analysis, we utilize multi-regional input-output data from the World Input Output Database. In addition, by means of a structural decomposition analysis we identify and quantify the factors explaining changes in these trends. We focus both on the role of domestic production and trade and estimate the associated intensity, technology and scale effects. This analysis is done for different clusters, identifying singular patterns depending on income criteria. Our results confirm the boost of demand growth in that period, the positive but negligible effect of structural change, and the decline in water intensity which, however, was not enough to compensate the effects on water associated to the economic expansion in the period. These findings also point at a gradual substitution of domestic water use for virtual water imports. More concretely, in most countries the food industry tended to reduce its backward linkages with the domestic agricultural sector, increasing the embodied water in agricultural imports from non-European regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Resources Economics)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 12548 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Effects of Urban Morphology Parameters on Microclimate in Singapore to Control the Urban Heat Island Effect

by Hong Jin¹, Peng Cui^1,2,*, Nyuk Hien Wong² and Marcel Ignatius²

¹ School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang Cold Region Architectural Science Key Laboratory, No. 66 Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 15001, China

² Department of Building, National University of Singapore, School of Design and Environment, 4 Architecture Drive, Singapore 117566, Singapore

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010206 - 16 Jan 2018

Cited by 71 | Viewed by 9215

Abstract

It is important to alleviate the “heat island effect” in urban areas, especially tropical cities. Microclimate is normally affected by the urban morphology parameters. The objective of this work is to investigate the correlation between air temperature variations and urban morphology parameters in [...] Read more.

It is important to alleviate the “heat island effect” in urban areas, especially tropical cities. Microclimate is normally affected by the urban morphology parameters. The objective of this work is to investigate the correlation between air temperature variations and urban morphology parameters in tropical cities. Field measurement was carried out to record the air temperature at 27 points within an 8 km² urban area continuously in Singapore for one year. Geographical information system was applied to extract the urban morphology parameters. Generally, the maximum and minimum air temperature spatial differences in the study area ranged from 3.2 to 6.5 °C, indicating the significant effects of urban morphology on the air temperatures. Based on the fitting results of created multilinear regression models, parametric study has been performed to investigate the specific effects of urban morphology parameters on air temperatures. This work has proposed a much more precise regression model to predict the air temperature with various urban morphology parameters. In addition, meaningful value of reference has been offered for urban planners and landscape designers to effectively control the air temperature in tropical cities such as Singapore. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Sustainable Built Environment)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 284 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Corporate Governance Affect Sustainability Disclosure? A Mixed Methods Study

by Zeeshan Mahmood¹

, Rehana Kouser^1,*

, Waris Ali², Zubair Ahmad³ and Tahira Salman¹

¹ Department of Commerce, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan

² Department of Business Administration, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan

³ Institute of Management Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010207 - 16 Jan 2018

Cited by 174 | Viewed by 16224

Abstract

This research paper aims to understand the impact of corporate governance (CG) on economic, social, and environmental sustainability disclosures. This paper adopted an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach. The data regarding corporate governance and sustainability disclosure were collected from top 100 companies listed [...] Read more.

This research paper aims to understand the impact of corporate governance (CG) on economic, social, and environmental sustainability disclosures. This paper adopted an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach. The data regarding corporate governance and sustainability disclosure were collected from top 100 companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE) for the period ranging from 2012 to 2015. In addition to the quantitative data, we collected qualitative data through interviews with five board members of different companies. Overall, our results indicate that CG elements enhance sustainability disclosures. This study concludes that a large board size consisting of a female director and a CSR committee (CSRC) is better able to check and control management decisions regarding sustainability issues (be they economic, environment, or social) and resulted in better sustainability disclosure. This paper, through quantitative and qualitative analysis, provides a methodological and empirical contribution to the literature on corporate governance and sustainability reporting in emerging and developing countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Developing Countries: Current Trends and Development)

16 pages, 462 KiB

Open AccessArticle

When a Good Is a Bad (or a Bad Is a Good)—Analysis of Data from an Ambiguous Nonmarket Valuation Setting

by Petter Gudding¹, Gorm Kipperberg^2,*, Craig Bond^2,3, Kelly Cullen⁴ and Eric Steltzer⁵

¹ Norwegian Environment Agency, 7010 Trondheim, Norway

² UiS Business School, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway

³ RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA 22202-5050, USA

⁴ Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA

⁵ Department of Energy Resources, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02114, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010208 - 16 Jan 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3289

Abstract

This paper analyses data from a contingent valuation experiment carried out in a context with large degree of preference heterogeneity and valuation ambiguity. Despite this challenge, by implementing estimation of an unrestricted valuation function on pooled data from two elicitation formats, utilizing all [...] Read more.

This paper analyses data from a contingent valuation experiment carried out in a context with large degree of preference heterogeneity and valuation ambiguity. Despite this challenge, by implementing estimation of an unrestricted valuation function on pooled data from two elicitation formats, utilizing all preference information available from the survey, we are able to estimate welfare measures with an acceptable degree of statistical confidence. It turns out that an offshore wind farm, a priori believed to constitute a bad that people would be willing to pay to avoid, instead was a good that people would be willing to forego under compensation. This was true on average but not for all study participants. Two key determinants of preferences were spatial proximity to the proposed wind farm and perceptions of the visual impacts of wind turbines. Individuals who would be near and thought wind turbines are “ugly” had a mean willingness to pay to avoid the wind farm of about $508 per household per year. In contrast, those who would be far away and perceived wind turbines to be “beautiful” had a negative mean willingness to pay to avoid the wind farm of about −$595 per household per year. Full article

15 pages, 377 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Raising Awareness on Health Impact of the Chemicals Used in Consumer Products: Empirical Evidence from East-Central Europe

by Florin-Alexandru Luca¹, Claudia-Ioana Ciobanu¹, Andreia Gabriela Andrei^2,*

and Adrian V. Horodnic³

¹ Management BMTM, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Iași 700050, Romania

² Interdisciplinary Research Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi 700506, Romania

³ Department of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași 700115, Romania

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010209 - 16 Jan 2018

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 7493

Abstract

Recent research and guidance provided by regulatory authorities address the growing concerns on the control of chemicals used in consumer products. In this context, this study responds to literature alerts emphasizing the need for promoting risk reduction by decreasing the use of damaging [...] Read more.

Recent research and guidance provided by regulatory authorities address the growing concerns on the control of chemicals used in consumer products. In this context, this study responds to literature alerts emphasizing the need for promoting risk reduction by decreasing the use of damaging chemicals and raising public awareness on this issue. It focuses on East-Central Europe and investigates whether consumers are worried about the impact on health of chemicals, and whether they think there is enough information available in this sense. The study uses logistic regression in order to analyze the secondary data from Special Eurobarometer No. 416 (part of Eurobarometer Wave EB 81.3, European Commission, 2014), namely 27,998 interviews collected in all 28 EU countries, of which 11,460 are from East-Central Europe. The research reveals a profile of East-Central Europeans, who consider that they lack information on the topic, and identifies the most effective way of reaching these people according to their perceptions and habits. Reporting results on a representative sample in East-Central Europe, the study indicates the channels, sources of information, and trusted institutions in order to support a campaign for raising public awareness on the health impact of chemicals used in consumer products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Action in Consumption and Production)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1561 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Innovative Business Model for Realization of Sustainable Supply Chain at the Outsourcing Examination of Logistics Services

by Péter Tamás

Institute of Logistics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Informatics, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010210 - 16 Jan 2018

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6945

Abstract

The issue of sustainability is becoming more and more important because of the increase in the human population and the extraction of non-renewable natural resources. We can make decisive steps towards sustainability in the fields of logistics services by improvement of logistics processes [...] Read more.

The issue of sustainability is becoming more and more important because of the increase in the human population and the extraction of non-renewable natural resources. We can make decisive steps towards sustainability in the fields of logistics services by improvement of logistics processes and/or application of new environment-friendly technologies. These steps are very important for companies because they have a significant effect on competitiveness. Nowadays significant changes are taking place in applied methods and technologies in the fields of logistics services as part of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Most companies are not able to keep pace with these changes in addition to carrying out their main activities by using own resources; consequently, in many cases logistics services are outsourced in the interest of maintaining or increasing competitiveness. The currently applied outsourcing examination process contains numerous shortcomings. We have elaborated a new business model to eliminate these shortcomings, namely the basic concept for an outsourcing investigation system integrated in the electronic marketplace. The paper introduces the current process of logistics service outsourcing examination and the elaborated business model concept. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Supply Chain Operations and Collaboration in the Big Data Era)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 444 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Socially Just Triple-Wins? A Framework for Evaluating the Social Justice Implications of Climate Compatible Development

by Benjamin T. Wood^*, Lindsay C. Stringer, Andrew J. Dougill

and Claire H. Quinn

Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010211 - 16 Jan 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 7123

Abstract

Climate compatible development (CCD) aims to help people improve their lives in the face of climate threats without exacerbating these threats for current and future generations. It is proving an attractive concept to both academics and practitioners. However, the social justice implications of [...] Read more.

Climate compatible development (CCD) aims to help people improve their lives in the face of climate threats without exacerbating these threats for current and future generations. It is proving an attractive concept to both academics and practitioners. However, the social justice implications of CCD have not yet been comprehensively explored and an absence of adequate evaluation frameworks has led to multiple, legitimate cross-scalar social justice claims being marginalised. This article develops a framework to guide holistic social justice evaluation of CCD initiatives across levels and scales. Underpinning this framework is a social justice approach that embraces particularism, pluralism and procedural justice. Drawing on existing research, the framework is used to explore the implications of the Clean Development Mechanism for recognition, participation and distribution in the Least Developed Countries. Findings show that achieving social justice through CCD is not a given; rather, the social justice implications of CCD differ within and between levels and scales. We conclude by suggesting ways in which our framework can be applied to augment knowledge on CCD. Understanding the processes through which social justices and injustices are created is integral to considerations of whether and how CCD should be used to underpin a new development landscape. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Adaptation, Mitigation and Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 563 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Tax Burden on Wastewater and the Protection of Water Ecosystems in EU Countries

by Leticia Gallego Valero^1,*, Encarnación Moral Pajares¹ and Isabel María Román Sánchez²

¹ Department of Economy, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain

² Department of Economy and Business, University of Almería, 04120 La Cañada, Spain

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010212 - 16 Jan 2018

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 6093

Abstract

80% of all wastewater is discharged into the environment without first eliminating contaminants, and the consequences are cause for concern. The ecotaxes levied on effluents in many developed countries are aimed at preventing and minimizing water pollution and also, in part, helping to [...] Read more.

80% of all wastewater is discharged into the environment without first eliminating contaminants, and the consequences are cause for concern. The ecotaxes levied on effluents in many developed countries are aimed at preventing and minimizing water pollution and also, in part, helping to finance proper water reclamation facilities. The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the current tax burden in a set of European Union countries on wastewater discharges and to assess its relationship with the quality of fresh water and other economic and political variables. The paper draws on different theoretical arguments and estimates a panel data model to verify the effectiveness of taxes in protecting aquatic ecosystems. These taxes are directly dependent on the environmental health status of water and inversely linked to the volume of discharged wastewater. In addition, a direct relationship is found between the tax burden on wastewater discharges and the variables representing the Human Development Index, the per capita expenditure on protecting water resources, the relative weight of ecotaxes in a country’s total tax revenues, and public support for green political movements. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 670 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Non-Market Food Provision and Sharing in Japan’s Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes

by Osamu Saito^1,*

, Chiho Kamiyama¹ and Shizuka Hashimoto²

¹ United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan

² Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010213 - 16 Jan 2018

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4076

Abstract

Socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS) are characterized by a dynamic mosaic of different ecosystem types that maintain relatively high biodiversity and produce a bundle of ecosystem services. One unique characteristic of SEPLS is the sharing of provisioning services within and beyond communities, [...] Read more.

Socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS) are characterized by a dynamic mosaic of different ecosystem types that maintain relatively high biodiversity and produce a bundle of ecosystem services. One unique characteristic of SEPLS is the sharing of provisioning services within and beyond communities, such as forests, agricultural and marine products. Conventional ecosystem assessments based on statistical data often ignore the benefits of these non-market provisioning services. This short communication quantifies the contribution of the sharing of food provisioning services in Japan in terms of their amount and variety, and it analyzes the relationship between such sharing practices and landscape types. Using an online web survey, we investigated the benefits of sharing goods and services provided from SEPLS. In both mountainous and flat agricultural areas, 16% of the total food amount came from non-market sources, compared to 10% in urbanized areas. Farmland and forests had significant positive correlations with most non-market food items in terms of amount. Greater amounts of built-up area in the landscape were associated with a lesser amount of non-market food provision. Food sharing culture can contribute to enhancing resilience against socio-economic changes and natural disasters. This study provides baseline information for monitoring the hidden flow of food provision and its multiple functions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Defining and Assessing Landscape and Urban Sustainability: Linking Spatial Patterns, Ecosystems Services, and Human Wellbeing)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 3485 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation and Planning of Urban Green Space Distribution Based on Mobile Phone Data and Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method

by Hao Wu¹

, Lingbo Liu²

, Yang Yu^2,*

and Zhenghong Peng¹

¹ Department of Graphics and Digital Technology, School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

² Department of Urban Planning, School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010214 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 58 | Viewed by 7607

Abstract

Urban green space is closely related to the quality of life of residents. However, the traditional approach to its planning often fails to address its actual service capacity and users’ demand. In this study, facilitated by mobile phone location data, more specific features [...] Read more.

Urban green space is closely related to the quality of life of residents. However, the traditional approach to its planning often fails to address its actual service capacity and users’ demand. In this study, facilitated by mobile phone location data, more specific features of the spatial distribution of urban residents are identified. Further, population distribution in relation to traffic analysis zones is mapped. On this basis, the two-step floating catchment area method (2SFCA) is adopted in combination with urban green space planning to evaluate the per capita area of green space and its accessibility in practice. Subsequently, classification of per capita area and spatial distribution of green spaces within the study area are obtained; thus, urban districts currently with low accessibility to green areas are identified and can be deemed as key areas for the planning of green areas in the future. The study concludes that mobile phone data can be used to more accurately map the spatial distribution of residents; while, the 2SFCA offers a more comprehensive quantitative measuring of the supply and demand of green spaces. The two combined can be used as an important basis for decision-making in the planning of urban green spaces. Since urban green space can be regarded as a kind of public facility, the methodology of the present study is also believed to be applicable in studies of other types of urban facilities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 591 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Relationships among Organizational Barriers to Energy Efficiency Improvement: A Case Study in Indonesia’s Steel Industry

by Apriani Soepardi^1,* and Patrik Thollander²

¹ Department of Industrial Engineering, University of National Development “Veteran”, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia

² Department of Management and Engineering, Division of Energy System, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010216 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5406

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze and rank the managerial-organizational barriers to energy efficiency improvement from an industry perspective. To that end, this study utilizes the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methodology to identify the contextual relationships among the barriers. In a [...] Read more.

The aim of this paper is to analyze and rank the managerial-organizational barriers to energy efficiency improvement from an industry perspective. To that end, this study utilizes the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methodology to identify the contextual relationships among the barriers. In a focus group discussion forum, five practitioners from the steel industry were consulted to identify these mutual linkages. The results indicated that five of the eight barriers proposed are in the linkage category. These barriers include that the energy manager or people in charge of energy management lack influence, there are higher priorities to production activity, there is management resistance to change, there is inadequate management capacity, and there are conflicts of interest within the organization. The management should focus more attention on these barriers, because they have both high driving power and dependency. The findings are intended to help managers from manufacturing sectors identify key barriers and thus develop strategic plans to address these issues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy Policy and Policy Implications—Good Examples and Critical Reflections)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1732 KiB

Open AccessArticle

GMDH-Based Semi-Supervised Feature Selection for Electricity Load Classification Forecasting

by Lintao Yang¹, Honggeng Yang^1,* and Haitao Liu²

¹ College of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

² Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010217 - 16 Jan 2018

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4613

Abstract

With the development of smart power grids, communication network technology and sensor technology, there has been an exponential growth in complex electricity load data. Irregular electricity load fluctuations caused by the weather and holiday factors disrupt the daily operation of the power companies. [...] Read more.

With the development of smart power grids, communication network technology and sensor technology, there has been an exponential growth in complex electricity load data. Irregular electricity load fluctuations caused by the weather and holiday factors disrupt the daily operation of the power companies. To deal with these challenges, this paper investigates a day-ahead electricity peak load interval forecasting problem. It transforms the conventional continuous forecasting problem into a novel interval forecasting problem, and then further converts the interval forecasting problem into the classification forecasting problem. In addition, an indicator system influencing the electricity load is established from three dimensions, namely the load series, calendar data, and weather data. A semi-supervised feature selection algorithm is proposed to address an electricity load classification forecasting issue based on the group method of data handling (GMDH) technology. The proposed algorithm consists of three main stages: (1) training the basic classifier; (2) selectively marking the most suitable samples from the unclassified label data, and adding them to an initial training set; and (3) training the classification models on the final training set and classifying the test samples. An empirical analysis of electricity load dataset from four Chinese cities is conducted. Results show that the proposed model can address the electricity load classification forecasting problem more efficiently and effectively than the FW-Semi FS (forward semi-supervised feature selection) and GMDH-U (GMDH-based semi-supervised feature selection for customer classification) models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Power System and Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 3154 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Hierarchical Feature Extraction Model for Multi-Label Mechanical Patent Classification

by Jie Hu¹

, Shaobo Li^1,2,*

, Jianjun Hu^2,3

and Guanci Yang¹

¹ Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China

² School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China

³ Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010219 - 16 Jan 2018

Cited by 43 | Viewed by 7874

Abstract

Various studies have focused on feature extraction methods for automatic patent classification in recent years. However, most of these approaches are based on the knowledge from experts in related domains. Here we propose a hierarchical feature extraction model (HFEM) for multi-label mechanical patent [...] Read more.

Various studies have focused on feature extraction methods for automatic patent classification in recent years. However, most of these approaches are based on the knowledge from experts in related domains. Here we propose a hierarchical feature extraction model (HFEM) for multi-label mechanical patent classification, which is able to capture both local features of phrases as well as global and temporal semantics. First, a n-gram feature extractor based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is designed to extract salient local lexical-level features. Next, a long dependency feature extraction model based on the bidirectional long–short-term memory (BiLSTM) neural network model is proposed to capture sequential correlations from higher-level sequence representations. Then the HFEM algorithm and its hierarchical feature extraction architecture are detailed. We establish the training, validation and test datasets, containing 72,532, 18,133, and 2679 mechanical patent documents, respectively, and then check the performance of HFEMs. Finally, we compared the results of the proposed HFEM and three other single neural network models, namely CNN, long–short-term memory (LSTM), and BiLSTM. The experimental results indicate that our proposed HFEM outperforms the other compared models in both precision and recall. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Knowledge Management, Innovation and Big Data: Implications for Sustainability, Policy Making and Competitiveness)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 4190 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Configuration and Online Attention: A Space Syntax Perspective

by Peixue Liu¹

, Xiao Xiao^2,*, Jie Zhang¹, Ronghua Wu³ and Honglei Zhang¹

¹ School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Ave., Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China

² Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr., Campus Box 8001, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA

³ Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, 10-12# Jianshe Ave., Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010221 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 6839

Abstract

The spatial behavior of tourists is an important part of the research on congestion management and sustainable planning of tourism destinations. Combined with user-generated content (UGC) and site-based survey data, this study conducted an overlaying analysis between street network configurations that resulted from [...] Read more.

The spatial behavior of tourists is an important part of the research on congestion management and sustainable planning of tourism destinations. Combined with user-generated content (UGC) and site-based survey data, this study conducted an overlaying analysis between street network configurations that resulted from space syntax and tourist preferences. Based on space syntax, tourist movement is influenced by the distribution of scenic spots and the structure of tourist trails in scenic mountain areas. The results reveal that the distribution of scenic spots has a significant impact on tourist flow and visitors’ choices of entrance to the mountain; the volume of online sign-ins is highly correlated with landscape attention, axial control values and the local integration value of the trails; and tourists’ attention focuses on the entrance area and the few tourist-sight markers. This study advances the understanding of the spatial patterns of within-destination tourist behavior; this knowledge will be helpful in alleviating congestion in mountain scenic areas and providing effective guidance for tourists to plan an ideal tour route. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism Planning and Sustainable Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 970 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Renewable Energy Industry Financing Efficiency Assessment and Mode Selection

by Xiaohuan Lyu¹ and Anna Shi^2,*

¹ Business School, Hohai University, Focheng West Road 8, Nanjing 211100, China

² Hohai University, Xikang Road 1, Nanjing 210098, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010222 - 16 Jan 2018

Cited by 39 | Viewed by 6999

Abstract

In recent years, environmental issues are attracting widespread attention by various countries around the world. In this context, the renewable energy industry has become a stimulus point for economic development and has great potential for development. Renewable energy industry financing is difficult due [...] Read more.

In recent years, environmental issues are attracting widespread attention by various countries around the world. In this context, the renewable energy industry has become a stimulus point for economic development and has great potential for development. Renewable energy industry financing is difficult due to its characteristics of high risk and long-term investment returns, and relying on existing financing channels make it present a glut of excess capacity. It is key to realize resource optimal allocation, solve overcapacity phenomenon and select the valid financing mode. This paper used Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) data and the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to analyze the financing efficiency different parts of the global renewable energy industry and different ways of financing. It could be found that although the financing efficiency showed a trend of increasing year by year, the financing efficiency of each industry presented generally weak DEA efficiency, the comprehensive financing efficiency of wind power industry was higher. The article also found that the financing efficiency of project financing and Research and Development (R&D) were relatively high, and the equity market and venture capital and private equity were less efficient. The results of this paper play an important role in the overall financing status cognizance of the renewable energy industry and give suggestions about valid financing mode choice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy Policy and Policy Implications—Good Examples and Critical Reflections)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 580 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Environmental Regulation, Green Innovation, and Industrial Green Development: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Spatial Durbin Model

by Zhijun Feng^1,* and Wei Chen²

¹ School of Economic and Management, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China

² School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010223 - 16 Jan 2018

Cited by 235 | Viewed by 15223

Abstract

Environmental regulation and green innovation are two main fulcrums in the realization of green transition of industrial growth. However, few studies have done an empirical analysis of the impact of environmental regulation and green innovation on green development. Based on the theory of [...] Read more.

Environmental regulation and green innovation are two main fulcrums in the realization of green transition of industrial growth. However, few studies have done an empirical analysis of the impact of environmental regulation and green innovation on green development. Based on the theory of systematic interduality, regional industrial green development is regarded as a dynamic system composed of two subsystems: the state and the process subsystem. Using provincial industrial panel data from 2007–2015 and the spatial Durbin model under the unified analysis framework, this paper examines the role and mechanism of environmental regulation (divided into administrative environmental regulation, market-based environmental regulation, and public participation environmental regulation) in the impact of green innovation (divided into green product innovation and green craft innovation) on industrial green development. The results indicate a sharp fluctuating trend in China’s overall industrial green development performance, and that China’s 30 provinces can be divided into four categories, based on the development levels of two subsystems of industrial green development. There is a clear positive spatial correlation between the industrial green development performance in different provinces. Considering the impact of environmental regulation on industrial green development performance, different types of environmental regulation have different regional influences. Considering the impact of green innovation on industrial green development performance, in the absence of environmental regulation constraints, green product innovation shows a certain promotional role, and green craft innovation has a significant inhibitory effect. However, under environmental regulation constraints, market-based environmental regulation through the encouragement of green craft innovation rather than green product innovation achieves a positive impact on industrial green development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transition from China-Made to China-Innovation )

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 863 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Consumers’ and Retailers’ Attitudes Towards a Mexican Native Species of Aztec Lily as an Ornamental Plant

by Yesica Mayett-Moreno^1,*, Jennie Sheerin Popp², Mauricio Sabogal-Salamanca³

, Sandra Rodríguez-Piñeros⁴, Edith Salomé-Castañeda¹ and Daniel Alberto Flores-Alonso¹

¹ Agribusiness and Management Degree Programs, Universidad Popular Autonoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico

² Honors College, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA

³ Economics, Finance and Business Administration School, EAN University, Bogotá 110221, Colombia

⁴ Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecologia, Universidad Autonoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010224 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5177

Abstract

The use of native ornamental plants in urban landscapes and ornamental consumers’ designs is one strategy to preserve biodiversity. Sprekelia formosissima (L.) Herb., known as Aztec lily (ALY), is one of the nearly 4000 species of native ornamental plants of Mexico. However, its [...] Read more.

The use of native ornamental plants in urban landscapes and ornamental consumers’ designs is one strategy to preserve biodiversity. Sprekelia formosissima (L.) Herb., known as Aztec lily (ALY), is one of the nearly 4000 species of native ornamental plants of Mexico. However, its domestic market is not yet developed and is virtually unknown. The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare consumers’ and retailers’ knowledge of ALY, and (2) to identify potential clusters of consumers and retailers based on their knowledge and preferences, such that marketing of the ALY could be best tailored to different market segments, leading to its sustainable commercialization. There were 464 interviews conducted in four nurseries in Mexico. Results showed only one consumer knew about the ALY; additionally, we found different behaviors in consumers and in retailers: those not interested in the ALY, but when they know it is Mexican they will acquire it; those interested no matter the ALY origin, and those who dislike the ALY because it is Mexican. Those answers suggest that improving consumers/retailers knowledge about this native flower could lead to a sustainable commercialization in Mexico, helping to ensure its conservation as well. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Marketing and Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

18 pages, 2958 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modelling the Spatial Expansion of Green Manure Considering Land Productivity and Implementing Strategies

by Liping Zhang^1,2,3, Meng Cao^1,2,3, An Xing^1,2,3, Zhongxiang Sun^1,2,3 and Yuanfang Huang^1,2,3,*

¹ Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

² Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100193, China

³ Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010225 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4829

Abstract

In modern sustainable agriculture, green manuring is increasingly emphasized for a reasonable land use management. However, the expansion of green manure is affected by a range of factors, such as soil geophysical properties and human intervention. This paper proposes an approach of spatial [...] Read more.

In modern sustainable agriculture, green manuring is increasingly emphasized for a reasonable land use management. However, the expansion of green manure is affected by a range of factors, such as soil geophysical properties and human intervention. This paper proposes an approach of spatial modelling to understand the mechanisms that influence green manure expansion and map the future distribution of green manure intercropped in the orchards in the Pinggu District, Beijing, China. We firstly classified the orchards into five grades according to a land productivity evaluation, and then considered two strategies for implementing green manure. Two scenarios were designed to represent the strategies: prioritizing low-productivity orchards to promote green manure intercropping (scenario 1) and prioritizing high-productivity orchards to promote green manure intercropping (scenario 2). The spatial expansion of green manure for 2020 was simulated at a resolution of a 100 × 100 m grid in the CLUE-S (the Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at the Small Region Extent) model. The two strategies led to quite different spatial patterns of green manure, although they were applied to the same areas. As a result, the spatial pattern of green manuring of scenario 1 was more concentrated than that of scenario 2. To summarize, the modelled outcomes identified the driving factors that affect green manure expansion at a grid scale, whereas the implementing strategies directly determined the spatial arrangements of green manuring at a regional scale. Therefore, we argue that the assessment of the driving factors and the prediction of the future distribution of green manuring are crucial for informing an extensive use of green manure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Land Uses and Rural Governance)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 534 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plant-Based Lunch at Work: Effects on Nutrient Intake, Environmental Impact and Tastiness—A Case Study

by Mirjam E. Van de Kamp

and Elisabeth H. M. Temme^*

Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010227 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4854

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the environmental impact, nutrient intake, appreciation and tastiness of three buffet-style lunches served at the workplace, consisting of (1) animal-based foods; (2) plant-based foods; and (3) both animal-based and plant-based foods. Employees of the National [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to determine the environmental impact, nutrient intake, appreciation and tastiness of three buffet-style lunches served at the workplace, consisting of (1) animal-based foods; (2) plant-based foods; and (3) both animal-based and plant-based foods. Employees of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment in the Netherlands participated in the study. Participants scored the lunch for appreciation and tastiness (scores from 1 to 10). Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land use associated with foods consumed were calculated using life cycle assessments. Nutrient intake was calculated using food composition data. The results show that both the plant-based and the combination lunch received higher scores for tastiness than the animal-based lunch. GHG emissions and land use were lowest for the plant-based lunch and highest for the animal-based lunch. The combination lunch was associated with increased fiber and decreased saturated fat intake compared to the animal-based lunch, but also lead to increased energy intake. The plant-based lunch did not increase energy intake, while increasing fiber intake and decreasing sodium (salt) and saturated fat intakes. These initial results show that plant-based lunches have the potential to improve nutrient intake and tastiness while reducing environmental impact. Additional research in this field is worthwhile. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Action in Consumption and Production)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 996 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Water Footprint Assessment of Electricity Production: An Overview of the Economic-Water-Energy Nexus in Italy

by Pier Paolo Miglietta^1,*, Domenico Morrone²

and Federica De Leo¹

¹ Department of Economics and Management, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy

² Department of Management, LUM University, S.S. 100 km 18, 70010 Casamassima, Italy

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010228 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 5619

Abstract

The term “water-energy nexus” has remarkable implications in the sustainable management of water resources. The aim of this paper is to analyse the production of electricity, from an economic and technical perspective, using the water footprint and economic water productivity approaches. After comparing [...] Read more.

The term “water-energy nexus” has remarkable implications in the sustainable management of water resources. The aim of this paper is to analyse the production of electricity, from an economic and technical perspective, using the water footprint and economic water productivity approaches. After comparing the percentage of contribution of fossil and renewable sources to the production of the electricity sector, the study then compares the percentage of contribution of fossil and renewable sources to the consumptive water footprint of Italian electricity production for each year analysed. Furthermore, distinguishing between renewable and fossil sources, the paper proceeds to assess the total consumptive water footprint generated by each energy source for the electricity production in Italy during the period 2007–2016. The study represents an original contribution for the identification of policies and managerial implications in the context of the energy sector, serving as a practical guide. The results, in fact, confirm the need for scientific and practical efforts to manage electricity production in an integrated perspective and provide a first glance at addressing the optimal design of energy source mix in the Italian regulation context, contributing to reducing the water footprint, without ignoring the economic aspects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 3369 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

From Waste Management to Component Management in the Construction Industry

by Colin M. Rose^1,*

and Julia A. Stegemann²

¹ Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, Centre for Urban Sustainability and Resilience, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

² Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, Centre for Resource Efficiency & the Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010229 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 72 | Viewed by 15837

Abstract

The construction industry uses more resources and produces more waste than any other industrial sector; sustainable development depends on the reduction of both, while providing for a growing global population. The reuse of existing building components could support this goal. However, it is [...] Read more.

The construction industry uses more resources and produces more waste than any other industrial sector; sustainable development depends on the reduction of both, while providing for a growing global population. The reuse of existing building components could support this goal. However, it is difficult to reclaim components from demolition, and materials remain cheap compared with labour, so new approaches are needed for reuse to be implemented beyond niche projects. This study therefore reviews waste interventions. Multiple case studies, spanning new builds and refurbishment, were undertaken to examine systemic mechanisms that lead to components being discarded. Evidence from fieldwork observations, waste documentation, and interviews indicates that the generators of unwanted components effectively decide their fate, and a failure to identify components in advance, uncertainty over usefulness, the perception of cost and programme risk in reclamation, and the preferential order of the waste hierarchy mean that the decision to discard to waste management goes unchallenged. A triage process is proposed to capture timely information about existing building components to be discarded, make this information visible to a wide community, and determine usefulness by focusing creativity already present in the industry on an exhaustive examination of component reusability and upcyclability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Trends in Municipal Solid Waste Management)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 773 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hydrothermal Liquefaction Enhanced by Various Chemicals as a Means of Sustainable Dairy Manure Treatment

by Junying Chen¹

, Lijun Wang^2,*, Bo Zhang², Rui Li² and Abolghasem Shahbazi²

¹ School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China

² Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010230 - 20 Jan 2018

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 6318

Abstract

Because of the increase in concentrated animal feeding operations, there is a growing interest in sustainable manure management. In this study, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of dairy manure enhanced by various chemicals (NH₃·H₂O, H₃PO₄, and glycerol) [...] Read more.

Because of the increase in concentrated animal feeding operations, there is a growing interest in sustainable manure management. In this study, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of dairy manure enhanced by various chemicals (NH₃·H₂O, H₃PO₄, and glycerol) was proposed as a sustainable alternative for the dairy manure management. The applications of NH₃·H₂O and H₃PO₄ during HTL could significantly enhance the production of liquid chemicals. The addition of NH₃·H₂O or glycerol increased the amounts of non-polar toluene, xylene, and other benzene-contained compounds, while the use of H₃PO₄ produced high amounts of acids, pyridine, 3-methyl-pyridine, 2,6-dimethyl-pyrazine, 2-cyclopenten-1-ones, and phenols. The biochars produced via HTL showed a significant increase in the surface area/pore volume and relatively higher N, P, C, and other minerals, and may serve as a good soil amendment and nutrient source. The preliminary energy analyses showed that the energy consumption of this process might be reduced to 50% of the original energy content of the feedstock, and the energy payback period was about 3.5 years. Combining all advantages, HTL of dairy manure might increase the sustainability of the farming operation via producing energy products, fine chemicals, and biochars. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1092 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainability Evaluation of Power Grid Construction Projects Using Improved TOPSIS and Least Square Support Vector Machine with Modified Fly Optimization Algorithm

by Dongxiao Niu¹, Yan Li^1,*, Shuyu Dai¹, Hui Kang¹, Zhenyu Xue², Xianing Jin² and Yi Song²

¹ School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

² State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102210, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 231; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010231 - 18 Jan 2018

Cited by 29 | Viewed by 4164

Abstract

The electric power industry is of great significance in promoting social and economic development and improving people’s living standards. Power grid construction is a necessary part of infrastructure construction, whose sustainability plays an important role in economic development, environmental protection and social progress. [...] Read more.

The electric power industry is of great significance in promoting social and economic development and improving people’s living standards. Power grid construction is a necessary part of infrastructure construction, whose sustainability plays an important role in economic development, environmental protection and social progress. In order to effectively evaluate the sustainability of power grid construction projects, in this paper, we first identified 17 criteria from four dimensions including economy, technology, society and environment to establish the evaluation criteria system. After that, the grey incidence analysis was used to modify the traditional Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), which made it possible to evaluate the sustainability of electric power construction projects based on visual angle of similarity and nearness. Then, in order to simplify the procedure of experts scoring and computation, on the basis of evaluation results of the improved TOPSIS, the model using Modified Fly Optimization Algorithm (MFOA) to optimize the Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) was established. Finally, a numerical example was given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 837 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Affective Policy Performance Evaluation Model: A Case of an International Trade Policy Implementation

by Inwon Kang¹, Hae Seok Jee² and Matthew Minsuk Shin^3,*

¹ Department of International Business and Trade, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea

² School of Management, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea

³ Department of International Trade, College of Social Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010232 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4558

Abstract

Firms often superficially adopt policies because of governmental rules and regulations, so as to avoid penalties or to gain benefits. However, the evaluation and characterization of those kinds of adoptions as policy performance distorts the true level of policy performance: social sustainability. This [...] Read more.

Firms often superficially adopt policies because of governmental rules and regulations, so as to avoid penalties or to gain benefits. However, the evaluation and characterization of those kinds of adoptions as policy performance distorts the true level of policy performance: social sustainability. This study proposes an affective policy performance evaluation model. The attitudes of employees toward adopting a policy are characterized into genuine and superficial compliance. Their behaviors are explained through voluntary and opportunistic adoptions. In order to validate the proposed model, a survey was conducted on an international trade policy target group (n = 216) for the Strategic Trade Control System (STCS), in order to understand their attitudes toward adopting the policy. The survey data was analyzed by a structural equation modeling method. The measures of the factors in the proposed model are adopted and modified from existing studies. The most effective resources of policy implementation on the firms’ genuine and superficial compliance and ultimately on the firms’ voluntary policy adoption are revealed through the analysis. Based on the results, this study presents a strategy for allocating and managing policy implementation resources to exclusively encourage firms’ trade policy adoptions. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 4234 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A System Analysis on Steppe Sustainability and Its Driving Forces—A Case Study in China

by Xiangwei Zhao^1,2,*, Qian Gao¹, Yaojie Yue^3,4,*

, Lian Duan^5,6 and Shun Pan¹

¹ Shandong Province “3S” Engineering Research Center, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qianwangang Road, Qingdao 266590, China

² State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Beijing 100049, China

³ Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

⁴ Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

⁵ School of Geographical Sciences and Planning, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China

⁶ Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Environment Evolution and Resources Utilization in Beibu Bay, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010233 - 18 Jan 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3641

Abstract

Steppe is an indispensable component for terrestrial ecosystems and it is of great significance to systematically analyze steppe sustainability and its driving forces. In this study, we propose a steppe dynamics ranking method based on Pauta criterion and a steppe sustainability assessment method [...] Read more.

Steppe is an indispensable component for terrestrial ecosystems and it is of great significance to systematically analyze steppe sustainability and its driving forces. In this study, we propose a steppe dynamics ranking method based on Pauta criterion and a steppe sustainability assessment method with an effect matrix. The natural driving forces on steppe sustainability were systematically analyzed using the copula model, and the anthropogenic driving factors, including land use, were analyzed by using spatial overlay and statistical analysis methods. The results showed the following: (1) in general, steppe sustainability showed a trend of improvement from 2001 to 2010 in China. However, there were still some degraded areas scattered within the study area; (2) the consistent effect of steppe dynamics on steppe sustainability was significant on the whole, although there was a diverse effect on it; (3) among the natural factors, precipitation was the strongest positive driving force, followed by temperature average, while sunshine duration had strong negative driving force. The impact caused by land use factors was controlled during that decade, and the steppe land that evolved from urban and built-up land, cropland, and forest was vulnerable and resulted in steppe sustainability degradation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Degradation and Sustainable Management of Land)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1018 KiB

Open AccessArticle

e-Purchase Intention of Taiwanese Consumers: Sustainable Mediation of Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use

by Massoud Moslehpour¹

, Van Kien Pham², Wing-Keung Wong^3,4,5,*

and İsmail Bilgiçli⁶

¹ Department of Business Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan

² International Economic Faculty, Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh 84, Vietnam

³ Department of Finance, Fintech Center, and Big Data Research Center, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan

⁴ Department of Economics and Finance, Hang Seng Management College, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong, China

⁵ Department of Economics, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun 999077, Hong Kong, China

⁶ Tourism and Hotel Management, Sakarya Üniversitesi Esentepe Kampüsü, Serdivan/Sakarya 54050, Turkey

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 234; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010234 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 194 | Viewed by 25412

Abstract

This study proposes a new model by partially combining personality traits (PT) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) attributes to examine the influences of personality characteristics (conscientiousness, openness) and perception of technology (perceived usefulness, perceives ease of use) on e-purchase intention. We use truncate [...] Read more.

This study proposes a new model by partially combining personality traits (PT) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) attributes to examine the influences of personality characteristics (conscientiousness, openness) and perception of technology (perceived usefulness, perceives ease of use) on e-purchase intention. We use truncate sampling technique and survey questionnaire to target the sample of Taiwanese online consumers and collect data. We find that consciousness (CON) (personality attribute) significantly influences perceived usefulness (PU) (technology perception attributes), perceived ease of use (PEOU) (technology perception attributes) and openness to experience (OPE) (personality attribute). PU, PEOU and OPE have significant impacts on e-purchase intention (INT). PEOU has the strongest positive impact on (INT). In addition, PU, PEOU and OPE combined together mediate the relationship between CON and INT. Further post hoc analysis of the mediation shows that both PU and PEOU are sustainable mediators. However, OPE is not a significant mediator. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Measures with Applications in Finance and Economics)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2388 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Energy Storage System Control Algorithm by Operating Target Power to Improve Energy Sustainability of Smart Home

by Byeongkwan Kang

, Kyuhee Jang

, Sounghoan Park

, Myeong-in Choi and Sehyun Park^*

School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 236; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010236 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4125

Abstract

As energy issues are emerging around the world, a variety of smart home technologies aimed at realizing zero energy houses are being introduced. Energy storage system (ESS) for smart home energy independence is increasingly gaining interest. However, limitations exist in that most of [...] Read more.

As energy issues are emerging around the world, a variety of smart home technologies aimed at realizing zero energy houses are being introduced. Energy storage system (ESS) for smart home energy independence is increasingly gaining interest. However, limitations exist in that most of them are controlled according to time schedules or used in conjunction with photovoltaic (PV) generation systems. In consideration of load usage patterns and PV generation of smart home, this study proposes an ESS control algorithm that uses constant energy of energy network while making maximum use of ESS. Constant energy means that the load consumes a certain amount of power under all conditions, which translates to low variability. The proposed algorithm makes a smart home a load of energy network with low uncertainty and complexity. The simulation results show that the optimal ESS operating target power not only makes the smart home use power constantly from the energy network, but also maximizes utilization of the ESS. In addition, since the smart home is a load that uses constant energy, it has the advantage of being able to operate an efficient energy network from the viewpoint of energy providers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Advent of Smart Homes)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 757 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investments and Remittances on Economic Growth: A Case Study in Central and Eastern Europe

by Calin-Adrian Comes^{1,2,*,∗,†,‡}

, Elena Bunduchi^1,‡

, Valentina Vasile^3,‡

and Daniel Stefan^1,2,‡

¹ Financial-Accounting Department, Faculty of Business and Law, Petru Maior University of Tîrgu-MureŞ, Tîrgu-MureŞ 540 088, MUREŞ County, Romania

² Romanian Research Group for Corporate Finance, Aleea Nordului 1, Livezeni 547 365, MUREŞ County, Romania

³ Institute of National Economy, Romanian Academy, Casa Academiei, Calea 13 Septembrie 13, Sector 5, Bucharest 050 711, Romania

^† Current address: Nicolae Iorga 1, Tîrgu-MureŞ 540 088, MUREŞ County, Romania.

^‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010238 - 18 Jan 2018

Cited by 73 | Viewed by 13405

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and remittances on Economic Growth (EG), using panel data of seven countries from Central and Eastern Europe with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita under 25,000 $. The empirical literature stressed the [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and remittances on Economic Growth (EG), using panel data of seven countries from Central and Eastern Europe with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita under 25,000 $. The empirical literature stressed the relationships between FDI and remittances and economic growth, and our purpose is to identify if there are significant relationships between FDI, remittances and economic growth in the seven analyzed countries. We find a positive impact of both FDI and remittances on GDP, but the influence of FDI is higher in all analyzed states, with accepting the assumption of ceteris paribus principles in limiting research caused by other possible determinants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

13 pages, 1660 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Economic, Energetic, and Environmental Impact Evaluation of the Water Discharge Networks from Mining Works

by Andrei Cristian Rada^1,*, Sabina Irimie² and Sabin Ioan Irimie²

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Petrosani, Street Institutului, No. 20, 332006 Petrosani, Romania

² Department Management and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mining, University of Petrosani, Street Institutului, No. 20, 332006 Petrosani, Romania

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010240 - 18 Jan 2018

Viewed by 4105

Abstract

Sustainable development represents an optimistic scenario for the evolution of contemporary civilization. The object of this paper is to define certain evaluation criteria regarding the performances of water discharge networks from mining works, and propose a method for aggregating the specific indicators for [...] Read more.

Sustainable development represents an optimistic scenario for the evolution of contemporary civilization. The object of this paper is to define certain evaluation criteria regarding the performances of water discharge networks from mining works, and propose a method for aggregating the specific indicators for monetary costs, energetic costs, and environmental impact-related costs. The global pollution index (GPI) represents a method for assessing environment health status or pollution levels. The GPI quantitatively expresses this status based on its index, which results from a ratio between the ideal value and the given value of certain quality indices that are considered specific for the analyzed environmental factors at certain moments. The proposed method in this paper tries to perform a synergistic aggregation of the balance sheet of harmfulness and classic balance sheets for matter and energy for an industrial process. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 673 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Spectators’ Transportation in Collegiate Sporting Events: Comparing On-Campus and Off-Campus Stadium Locations

by Stavros Triantafyllidis^1,*, Robert J. Ries² and Kyriaki (Kiki) Kaplanidou¹

¹ Department of Tourism, Recreation and Sport Management, University of Florida, 300 Florida Gym, P.O. Box 118208, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA

² M.E. Rinker Sr. School of Construction Management, University of Florida, 332 Rinker Hall, P.O. Box 115703, Gainesville, FL 32611-5703, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010241 - 18 Jan 2018

Cited by 70 | Viewed by 10146

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions related to spectator’s transportation to collegiate football events is a significant consideration in the overall carbon footprint of collegiate sporting events. Transportation mode affects CO₂ emissions per spectator and stadium location, specifically on- and off-campus locations [...] Read more.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions related to spectator’s transportation to collegiate football events is a significant consideration in the overall carbon footprint of collegiate sporting events. Transportation mode affects CO₂ emissions per spectator and stadium location, specifically on- and off-campus locations affect the transportation mode chosen by spectators. The quantity of CO₂ emissions generated from spectators’ transportation to collegiate sporting events at an on-campus university stadium is compared to off-campus stadium. The transportation modes and miles traveled by spectators were modeled with GREET 2016 to estimate CO₂ emissions. Significant differences were found between the two stadium locations regarding the spectators’ choice of transportation mode and distance traveled. Implications are presented for environmental sustainability and planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leisure, Tourism, Sport and Community Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 847 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Entropy Approach to Regional Differences in Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Implications for Ethanol Usage

by Dong Hee Suh

Department of Food and Resource Economics, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 243; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010243 - 18 Jan 2018

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3390

Abstract

The growth of the U.S. economy has been accompanied with a significant rise in carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. As CO₂ emissions are dependent on regional climatic conditions and energy-related activities in states, this study examines the extent to which the [...] Read more.

The growth of the U.S. economy has been accompanied with a significant rise in carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. As CO₂ emissions are dependent on regional climatic conditions and energy-related activities in states, this study examines the extent to which the distribution of CO₂ emissions vary across nine climatically consistent regions in the U.S. The results obtained from the entropy approach reveal that the inequalities of CO₂ emissions vary across the regions. While the total inequality of CO₂ emissions is determined by the between-region and the average within-region inequalities, the between-region inequality begins to dominate the average within-region inequalities around 1980s; the emission inequalities between regions increase, but those within each region decrease. Given that ethanol usage is relevant to energy-related CO₂ emissions, this study also evaluates the impact of ethanol usage on the changes in the emission inequalities. The results show that an increase in the ratio of ethanol to fossil fuels is associated closely with the reductions in the inequalities of CO₂ emissions. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1539 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Key Drivers for Cooperation toward Sustainable Development and the Management of CO₂ Emissions: Comparative Analysis of Six Northeast Asian Countries

by Andrew Chapman¹

, Hidemichi Fujii²

and Shunsuke Managi^3,*

¹ International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan

² Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan

³ Urban Institute, Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010244 - 18 Jan 2018

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 5571

Abstract

This study analyzes the key drivers of the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions in six Northeast Asian countries (China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Mongolia, and Russia) from 1991 to 2015. We apply a decomposition analysis approach [...] Read more.

This study analyzes the key drivers of the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions in six Northeast Asian countries (China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Mongolia, and Russia) from 1991 to 2015. We apply a decomposition analysis approach using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index to identify the main contributing factors toward CO₂ emission changes. To discuss the decomposition results in more in detail, we explain the energy portfolio change in each country to understand the energy and resource utilization strategy. From the results, we find that the key driving factors of CO₂ emissions change and energy portfolio trends are different among Northeast Asian countries, driven by economic growth in China and Korea, reduced by energy efficiency improvements in Russia and the DPRK, while being relatively benign in Japan and Mongolia due to a combination of these factors. This result implies that we can better understand the regional cooperation policy for improving each driving factor to achieve sustainable development and management of CO₂ emissions considering the characteristics of each country. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Cooperation for the Sustainable Development and Management in Northeast Asia)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 1585 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Determinants Linked to Family Business Sustainability in the UAE: An AHP Approach

by Mohammed Oudah, Fauzia Jabeen^*

and Christopher Dixon

College of Business, Abu Dhabi University, P.O. Box 59911, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010246 - 18 Jan 2018

Cited by 66 | Viewed by 14500

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritise the various success factors linked to the sustainability of large and medium sized family businesses (FB) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A well-researched methodology was used for the synthesis of priorities and [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritise the various success factors linked to the sustainability of large and medium sized family businesses (FB) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A well-researched methodology was used for the synthesis of priorities and the measurement of consistencies. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model was developed with seven criteria and 15 sub-criteria gleaned from prior research. Data were collected using an interview-based survey conducted on twelve medium and large sized family firms in the UAE. The data collected were interpreted and a priority vector was assigned. The findings show that large family businesses in the UAE are aware of transition failure and have long-term planning for their future generations in place; however, they need to give more importance to family values and family capital. On the other hand, medium sized family businesses are less aware of transition failure and have limited long-term planning; they are more concerned with short-term returns. Therefore, they need to create and give more importance to succession planning, strategic planning and corporate governance to ensure their business longevity. The study highlights multi-generation family business sustainability, and identifies the major determinants that the family members and business leaders need to consider for their business continuity and survival. The model can be utilized by academics in family business sustainability studies. The findings interpreted can help policy makers and related associations develop various policies based on the specific factors found to run the family businesses in a sustainable manner. The research model had limited dimensions and the findings cannot be generalized. This study is the first to study the determinants of family business sustainability in the context of the UAE using the AHP model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in SMEs)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 781 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What Drives the Implementation of Industry 4.0? The Role of Opportunities and Challenges in the Context of Sustainability

by Julian Marius Müller^*

, Daniel Kiel and Kai-Ingo Voigt

Chair of Industrial Management, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg 90403, Germany

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010247 - 18 Jan 2018

Cited by 830 | Viewed by 47607

Abstract

The implementation of Industry 4.0 has a far-reaching impact on industrial value creation. Studies on its opportunities and challenges for companies are still scarce. However, the high practical and theoretical relevance of digital and connected manufacturing technologies implies that it is essential to [...] Read more.

The implementation of Industry 4.0 has a far-reaching impact on industrial value creation. Studies on its opportunities and challenges for companies are still scarce. However, the high practical and theoretical relevance of digital and connected manufacturing technologies implies that it is essential to understand the underlying dynamics of their implementation. Thus, this study examines the relevance of Industry 4.0-related opportunities and challenges as drivers for Industry 4.0 implementation in the context of sustainability, taking a differentiated perspective on varying company sizes, industry sectors, and the company’s role as an Industry 4.0 provider or user. A research model comprising relevant Industry 4.0-related opportunities and challenges as antecedents for its implementation is hypothesized. In order to test the model, partial least square structural equation modeling is applied for a sample of 746 German manufacturing companies from five industry sectors. The results show that strategic, operational, as well as environmental and social opportunities are positive drivers of Industry 4.0 implementation, whereas challenges with regard to competitiveness and future viability as well as organizational and production fit impede its progress. Moreover, it is shown that the perception of Industry 4.0-related opportunities and challenges as antecedents to Industry 4.0 implementation depends on different company characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Industry 4.0 and the Internet of things: changes in business model, strategy formulation and implementation, firm operations towards sustainable development and sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 3911 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Soil Quality of Croplands in the Corn Belt of Northeast China

by Xiaoyan Li^1,*, Huiying Li^1,2, Limin Yang¹ and Yongxing Ren¹

¹ College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China

² Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010248 - 18 Jan 2018

Cited by 48 | Viewed by 5079

Abstract

The increasing global demands for land resource with increasing population have resulted in occurrence of soil degradation in many regions of the world. Assessment of soil quality has become the basic work for agricultural sustainable development and selecting regional indicators effectively has become [...] Read more.

The increasing global demands for land resource with increasing population have resulted in occurrence of soil degradation in many regions of the world. Assessment of soil quality has become the basic work for agricultural sustainable development and selecting regional indicators effectively has become very important since there are no standard evaluation methods and universal indicators. In this study, taking the Corn Belt of Northeast China as the study area, seven indicators—obstacle horizon thickness, cation exchange capacity, pH, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, and available Fe—were selected to constitute the minimum data set from sixteen indictors of the total data set to assess the soil quality. The soil quality of the study area was dominated by moderate grade, increasing from west to east. The soil quality of Yushu, Changchun and Shuangyang had higher values, and that of Nongan was the lowest. We found that the distribution of cation exchange capacity has a good consistency with the assessment result of the soil quality. Black soils were distributed in the middle part of the study region from north to south and accounted for a higher quality, exactly where the areas of rapid urbanization are located. An ANOVA analysis showed that soil quality in the Corn Belt of Northeast China was greatly affected by topographic factors and agricultural management and climate was not the principal factor affecting soil quality. Though the minimum data set slightly reduced the evaluation accuracy, a large sampling density in our study was able to improve the precision loss that resulted from reducing the number of indicators to a certain extent. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1689 KiB

Open AccessArticle

At Home with Sustainability: From Green Default Rules to Sustainable Consumption

by Lara Anne Hale

Department of Management, Society and Communication, Copenhagen Business School, Dalgas Have 15, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010249 - 18 Jan 2018

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5903

Abstract

Although it is often assumed that default rules affect change without awareness, this paper suggests that contrast with the default and transition into conscious adoption of the default design may be the starting point to establish long-term changes in consumer behavior. Despite the [...] Read more.

Although it is often assumed that default rules affect change without awareness, this paper suggests that contrast with the default and transition into conscious adoption of the default design may be the starting point to establish long-term changes in consumer behavior. Despite the rooting of default rules in subconscious decision-making, this research finds that, ultimately, awareness drives the demand necessary for the creation of sustainable consumption. Whereas direct appeal to individuals has a disappointing level of influence on sustainability choices, it is understood that green consumers do come from somewhere. Green default rules offer interesting prospects for sidestepping the drawbacks of direct marketing to individuals. Under green default rules, behavior is guided by a default, such as utilities automatically sending customers renewables-sourced instead of fossil-fuel-based energy. To act otherwise requires additional effort and is less likely. Motivated by a need to understand how defaults might bridge standards and sustainable consumption, I investigate how organizational processes potentially lead from standardized green default rules to individual awareness that can spread and facilitate sustainable consumption. This paper examines the Active House sustainable building demonstrations in Europe in order to understand how (1) communications and market creation and (2) responsible, user-centered experimentation are organized to move from defaults to sustainable consumption. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

17 pages, 1104 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Constructing a Hierarchical Agribusiness Framework in Chinese Belt and Road Initiatives under Uncertainty

by Li Cui^1,2, Min Zhang¹, Kuo-Jui Wu^1,*

and Ming-Lang Tseng^1,3

¹ School of Business, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124211, China

² China Business Executives Academy, Dalian 116086, China

³ Institute for Innovation and Circular Economy, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010251 - 19 Jan 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4323

Abstract

As a result of China launching its belt and road initiatives, an increasing number of firms are searching for an approach to developing sustainability. In particular, agribusinesses are encountering difficulties exploring decisive practices for sustainable food in a context involving diverse stakeholders. To [...] Read more.

As a result of China launching its belt and road initiatives, an increasing number of firms are searching for an approach to developing sustainability. In particular, agribusinesses are encountering difficulties exploring decisive practices for sustainable food in a context involving diverse stakeholders. To clarify these differences in expectations between agribusinesses and their stakeholders, this study employs vague sets associated with interpretive structural modelling to develop a framework for agribusinesses and their customers. A comparison of these two frameworks reveals that the government still plays a key role in motivating sustainable food development in terms of establishing the relevant regulations and processes. Moreover, the customer is the final stakeholder that must be taken into account by agribusiness. Both agribusinesses and customers are concerned about health and safety considerations in sustainable food. Further details related to this context are addressed in the present study. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agribusiness Decision making model in Belt and Road Green Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 978 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Marine Protected Areas Are Governed: A Cultural Theory Perspective

by Abdul Halik^1,2,*, Marco Verweij² and Achim Schlüter^1,2

¹ Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany

² Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010252 - 19 Jan 2018

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 7626

Abstract

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have become recognized as important management tools for marine and coastal ecosystems in the last few decades. However, the theoretical underpinnings of MPA regimes have arguably not yet received sufficient attention. This paper attempts to remedy this by exploring [...] Read more.

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have become recognized as important management tools for marine and coastal ecosystems in the last few decades. However, the theoretical underpinnings of MPA regimes have arguably not yet received sufficient attention. This paper attempts to remedy this by exploring how the Cultural Theory initiated by Dame Mary Douglas can provide a theoretical foundation for the current debates about the design of MPA regimes. It does so by firstly noting that the various types of MPA governance discussed in the literature correspond to the ways of organizing, perceiving and justifying social relations recognized in Cultural Theory. The article continues by setting out how Cultural Theory helps to explain when and why MPA regimes succeed or fail to reach their goals. In particular, the article highlights the practical importance of accommodating all ways of organizing and perceiving social relations in any MPA management plan. Finally, the paper suggests that further systematic, empirical work for assessing MPAs needs to be undertaken so as to corroborate the arguments advanced in this paper. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1554 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Minimizing the Health Risks from Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils by Using Electric Field-Based Treatment for Soil Remediation

by Irina Aura Istrate¹, Diana Mariana Cocârță^2,*, Zucheng Wu^3,* and Mihaela Alexandra Stoian²

¹ Department of Biotechnical Systems, Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 006042 Bucharest, Romania

² Department of Energy Production and Use, Faculty of Power Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 006042 Bucharest, Romania

³ Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010253 - 19 Jan 2018

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5728

Abstract

The present work addresses the assessment of human health risk from soil contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) due to crude oil pollution, with a particular focus on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) group of carcinogenic and toxic substances. Given that the measured [...] Read more.

The present work addresses the assessment of human health risk from soil contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) due to crude oil pollution, with a particular focus on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) group of carcinogenic and toxic substances. Given that the measured risk for human health exceeded the accepted level, the study considered an electrochemical remediation method. The laboratory-scale experiments were conducted by using an electric field-based treatment as a possible solution for the remediation of contaminated soil. After 20 days of treatment, while the voltage applied was 15 V (specific voltage of 1 V/cm), the hydrocarbon content was significantly reduced. The parameters measured to determine the overall remediation efficiency were pH, redox potential, ionic strength, soil characteristics, voltage gradient, and zeta potential. The remediation degree observed during the experiments was around 50% for TPHs and 46% for PAHs. The applied remediation method resulted in significant removal efficiency of the tested contaminants from the soil. Consequently, the human health risk assessment for the new degree of contaminants in the soil was achieved. This data demonstrated to what extent the application of the remediation applied technology ensured an acceptable risk under the same exposure conditions for the industrial workers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Risk Assessment and Management)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 4668 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seismic and Energy Renovation Measures for Sustainable Cities: A Critical Analysis of the Italian Scenario

by Paolo La Greca and Giuseppe Margani^*

Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010254 - 19 Jan 2018

Cited by 48 | Viewed by 7588

Abstract

One of the main challenges of the twenty-first century is to increase the sustainability level of our cities. However, a town, to be considered sustainable, must, above all, be safe, particularly against natural hazards, which in Europe are mostly related to climate changes [...] Read more.

One of the main challenges of the twenty-first century is to increase the sustainability level of our cities. However, a town, to be considered sustainable, must, above all, be safe, particularly against natural hazards, which in Europe are mostly related to climate changes (e.g., hurricanes, floods, storms, and landslides) and seismic events (earthquakes). Unfortunately, sustainability is still not a prerogative of most European cities, especially those placed in seismic countries such as Italy, where at least 50% of the residential stock is earthquake-prone, while over 80% of the same stock is highly energy-consuming and carbon dioxide-emitting, thus contributing to trigger hazards related to climate changes. In this context, renovation actions, which combine both energy and seismic issues are strongly needed. Nevertheless, several technical, organizational and financial barriers considerably limit the real possibility to extensively undertake this kind of renovation. This study analyzes such barriers, with particular reference to the Italian scenario, suggesting and discussing possible solutions and underlining the advantages of increasing energy and seismic performances at the same time. The proposed solutions may be effectively extended to many other countries with similar socio-economic scenarios. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy and Seismic Renovation Strategies for Sustainable Cities)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1839 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Energy-Saving Practices of the Hospitality Industry in Macau

by Xu Wang¹

, NaiQi Wu^1,2,*

, Yan Qiao¹ and QingBin Song³

¹ Institute of Systems Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China

² School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China

³ Macau Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010255 - 19 Jan 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 7996

Abstract

Macau is building a world tourism and leisure center. In the context of flourishing hospitality development, energy issues have attracted more and more attention in recent years. On the basis of the field survey of 28 hotels, an evaluation index system is built [...] Read more.

Macau is building a world tourism and leisure center. In the context of flourishing hospitality development, energy issues have attracted more and more attention in recent years. On the basis of the field survey of 28 hotels, an evaluation index system is built to assess the status of energy-saving and environmental protection practices in the hospitality industry in Macau. This system is built by selecting some credits from Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and adding several new indices according to the social and economic characteristics of Macau. The results show that the hotels have made significant efforts to improve the energy efficiency in recent years. A total of 71.4% of the hotels have formulated and implemented the energy-saving and environmental protection programs. However, there is an apparent gap in energy and environmental performance between different star-level hotels. The higher is the star-level of a hotel, the higher enthusiasm on energy-saving a hotel has, e.g., 63.6% of the 5-star hotels carried out the carbon auditing and energy management measures, but there is no 2-star hotel that adopted them. The energy-saving performance can be great improved if more efforts are made in the future, especially for the 2-star hotels. Finally, we put forward some suggestions for how to bridge this gap and present a possible roadmap for the further improvement of energy efficiency of the hotel industry in Macau. The results from this work are useful to help the government and hotel managers to take actions for improving the energy utilization and efficiency of the hospitality industry in Macau. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1190 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influencing Factors and Development Trend Analysis of China Electric Grid Investment Demand Based on a Panel Co-Integration Model

by Jinchao Li^1,2,*, Lin Chen¹, Yuwei Xiang¹, Jinying Li³ and Dong Peng⁴

¹ School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

² Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low-Carbon Development, North China Electric Power University, Changping, Beijing 102206, China

³ Department of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China

⁴ State Power Economic Research Institute China State Grid Corp, Beijing 102209, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010256 - 19 Jan 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3930

Abstract

Electric grid investment demand analysis is significant to reasonably arranging construction funds for the electric grid and reduce costs. This paper used the panel data of electric grid investment from 23 provinces of China between 2004 and 2016 as samples to analyze the [...] Read more.

Electric grid investment demand analysis is significant to reasonably arranging construction funds for the electric grid and reduce costs. This paper used the panel data of electric grid investment from 23 provinces of China between 2004 and 2016 as samples to analyze the influence between electric grid investment demand and GDP, population scale, social electricity consumption, installed electrical capacity, and peak load based on co-integration tests. We find that GDP and peak load have positive influences on electric grid investment demand, but the impact of population scale, social electricity consumption, and installed electrical capacity on electric grid investment is not remarkable. We divide different regions in China into the eastern region, central region, and western region to analyze influence factors of electric grid investment, finally obtaining key factors in the eastern, central, and western regions. In the end, according to the analysis of key factors, we make a prediction about China’s electric grid investment for 2020 in different scenarios. The results offer a certain understanding for the development trend of China’s electric grid investment and contribute to the future development of electric grid investment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power Systems Research)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1175 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Selective Collection Quality Index for Municipal Solid Waste Management

by Elena Cristina Rada^1,2,3,*

, Claudio Zatelli⁴, Lucian Ionel Cioca^2,5

and Vincenzo Torretta³

¹ Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy

² Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Str. Emil Cioran, 4, 550025 Sibiu, Romania

³ Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Via G.B. Vico, 46, 21100 Varese, Italy

⁴ Autonomous Province of Trento, Waste Office, Via Pranzelores, 29, Mesa Verde, 38123 Trento, Italy

⁵ Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei, 54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010257 - 19 Jan 2018

Cited by 52 | Viewed by 10417

Abstract

Trentino (an Italian Province located in the northern part of the country) is equipped with a management system of municipal solid waste collection at the forefront. Among the most positive aspects, there is a great ability for waste separation at the source and [...] Read more.

Trentino (an Italian Province located in the northern part of the country) is equipped with a management system of municipal solid waste collection at the forefront. Among the most positive aspects, there is a great ability for waste separation at the source and a consequent low production of residual municipal solid waste for disposal. Latest data show a gross efficiency of selective collection that has recently reached 80%, one of the highest values in Italy. This study analyzed the “Trentino system” to identify the main elements that have been at the base of the current efficient model. This provided an opportunity to propose a selective collection quality index (SCQI), including collection efficiency for each fraction, method of collection, quality of the collected materials, presence of the punctual tariff and tourist incidence. A period relevant for the transition of the collection system to the recent one was chosen for the demonstrative adoption of the proposed indicators in order to determine the potential of the index adoption. Results of the analysis of this case study were obtained in a quantitative form thanks to the sub-parameters that characterize the proposed index. This allowed selected collection decision makers to focus intently on a territory to find criticalities to be solved. For instance, the use of the index and its sub-indicators in the case of Trentino identified and comparatively quantified the local problems resulting from the presence of a large museum in a small town, tourism peaks in some valleys, and a delay in the punctual tariff adoption. The index has been proposed with the aim to make available an integrated tool to analyze other areas in Italy and abroad. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Trends in Municipal Solid Waste Management)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 1758 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Direct Rebound Effect of Energy Consumption: A Case Study

by Qingsong Wang¹, Zhenlei Gao¹, Hongrui Tang¹, Xueliang Yuan^1,* and Jian Zuo²

¹ School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China

² School of Architecture & Built Environment, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010259 - 19 Jan 2018

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5665

Abstract

Technological innovation plays a crucial role for improving energy efficiency. But the excessive energy consumption has presented a significant challenge at the same time, which indicates that the direct energy rebound effect exists in China. Cobb-Douglas production function and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index [...] Read more.

Technological innovation plays a crucial role for improving energy efficiency. But the excessive energy consumption has presented a significant challenge at the same time, which indicates that the direct energy rebound effect exists in China. Cobb-Douglas production function and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index decomposition model are employed to analyze the rebound effect of energy consumption of all three main industries sector in China. The results show that total technological effect curve and total substitution effect curve fluctuated more significantly than total structure effect curve from 1991 to 2014.The first two curves were the most critical factors for the energy consumption intensity. Stabilizing energy prices, developing new and renewable energy and implementing policies related to energy conservation and emission reduction are effective measures to reduce energy consumption intensity. More attention should be paid to the growing demand for living energy consumption derived from the rapid development of the tertiary industry. The direct rebound effect of energy consumption in China showed an overall descending trend. This shows that technological effect has well prevented the growth of energy consumption. Direct energy rebound effect can be controlled effectively by means of formulating and implementing the corresponding energy related policies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1756 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Energy Consumption in Northeast Asia: A Case from China’s Fuel Oil Futures Market

by Chi Zhang, Zhengning Pu^*

and Qin Zhou

School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, Jiangsu, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010261 - 19 Jan 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4519

Abstract

The sustainable energy consumption in northeast Asia has a huge impact on regional stability and economic growth, which gives price volatility research in the energy market both theoretical value and practical application. We select China’s fuel oil futures market as a research subject [...] Read more.

The sustainable energy consumption in northeast Asia has a huge impact on regional stability and economic growth, which gives price volatility research in the energy market both theoretical value and practical application. We select China’s fuel oil futures market as a research subject and use recurrence interval analysis to investigate the price volatility pattern in different thresholds. We utilize the stretched exponential function to fit the pattern of the recurrence intervals of price fluctuations and find that the probability density functions of the recurrence intervals in different thresholds do not show the scaling behavior. Then the conditional probability density function and detrended fluctuation analysis prove that there is short-term and long-term correlation. Last, we use a hazard function to introduce the recurrence intervals into the (value at risk) VaR calculation and establish a functional relationship between the mean recurrence interval and the threshold. Following this result, we also shed light on policy discussion for hedgers and government. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Cooperation for the Sustainable Development and Management in Northeast Asia)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 5543 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Risk Identification in the Early Design Stage Using Thermal Simulations—A Case Study

by Seyed Masoud Sajjadian

Architecture and Design, Southampton Solent University, East Park Terrace SO14 0YN, UK

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010262 - 19 Jan 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4018

Abstract

The likely increasing temperature predicted by UK Climate Impacts Program (UKCIP) underlines the risk of overheating and potential increase in cooling loads in most of UK dwellings. This could also increase the possibility of failure in building performance evaluation methods and add even [...] Read more.

The likely increasing temperature predicted by UK Climate Impacts Program (UKCIP) underlines the risk of overheating and potential increase in cooling loads in most of UK dwellings. This could also increase the possibility of failure in building performance evaluation methods and add even more uncertainty to the decision-making process in a low-carbon building design process. This paper uses a 55-unit residential unit project in Cardiff, UK as a case study to evaluate the potential of thermal simulations to identify risk in the early design stage. Overheating, increase in energy loads, carbon emissions, and thermal bridges are considered as potential risks in this study. DesignBuilder (DesignBuilder Software Ltd., Stroud, UK) was the dynamic thermal simulation software used in this research. Simulations compare results in the present, 2050, and 2080 time slices and quantifies the overall cooling and heating loads required to keep the operative temperature within the comfort zone. Overall carbon emissions are also calculated and a considerable reduction in the future is predicted. Further analysis was taken by THERM (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA) and Psi THERM (Passivate, London, UK) to evaluate the thermal bridge risk in most common junctions of the case study and the results reveal the potential of thermal assessment methods to improve design details before the start of construction stage. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 984 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dimensions of Landscape Stewardship across Europe: Landscape Values, Place Attachment, Awareness, and Personal Responsibility

by María García-Martín^1,*

, Tobias Plieninger²

and Claudia Bieling³

¹ Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany

² Social-Ecological Interactions in Agricultural Systems, University of Kassel and University of Göttingen, Steinstr. 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany

³ Societal Transition and Agriculture (430b), Institute of Social Sciences in Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010263 - 19 Jan 2018

Cited by 33 | Viewed by 6414

Abstract

Improved perceptions towards landscape stewardship, at the local level, could help achieve more sustainable futures. However, little research has been done on the dimensions of landscape stewardship underlying such perceptions. Here we look at the perception of landscape values, place attachment, awareness of [...] Read more.

Improved perceptions towards landscape stewardship, at the local level, could help achieve more sustainable futures. However, little research has been done on the dimensions of landscape stewardship underlying such perceptions. Here we look at the perception of landscape values, place attachment, awareness of the adverse consequences human action might have on landscapes, and ascription of personal responsibility across Europe as well as how these dimensions are connected and influenced by personal capabilities and socio-cultural contexts. We conducted a cross-site comparison study, in six European municipalities, using a survey to capture residents’ levels of awareness, responsibility, and attachment as derived from a set of statements. Respondents were also asked to indicate the values they perceive in the local landscape from a given list. The data was analysed by combining frequency analysis, factor analysis, and contingency tables. In our sample of 726 respondents, stronger awareness was related to stronger ascription of personal responsibility, but a connection to place attachment was not clear. Perception of multiple landscape values was related to stronger awareness, responsibility, and place attachment. Meanwhile, awareness and responsibility were influenced by respondents’ occupation, levels of income and education, and socio-cultural context, whereas place attachment was linked to their relationship to the local area. We conclude that enhancing commitment towards landscape stewardship, at the local level, requires efforts focused on making environmental education more universal, implementing green options accessible to everyone, and people experientially engaging more actively with their local landscapes. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2121 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quantitative Analysis on the Influence Factors of the Sustainable Water Resource Management Performance in Irrigation Areas: An Empirical Research from China

by Hulin Pan^* and Qian Xu

School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010264 - 20 Jan 2018

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5077

Abstract

Performance evaluation and influence factors analysis are vital to the sustainable water resources management (SWRM) in irrigation areas. Based on the objectives and the implementation framework of modern integrated water resources management (IWRM), this research systematically developed an index system of the performances [...] Read more.

Performance evaluation and influence factors analysis are vital to the sustainable water resources management (SWRM) in irrigation areas. Based on the objectives and the implementation framework of modern integrated water resources management (IWRM), this research systematically developed an index system of the performances and their influence factors ones of the SWRM in irrigation areas. Using the method of multivariate regression combined with correlation analysis, this study estimated quantitatively the effect of multiple factors on the water resources management performances of irrigation areas in the Ganzhou District of Zhangye, Gansu, China. The results are presented below. The overall performance is mainly affected by management enabling environment and management institution with the regression coefficients of 0.0117 and 0.0235, respectively. The performance of ecological sustainability is mainly influenced by local economic development level and enable environment with the regression coefficients of 0.08642 and −0.0118, respectively. The performance of water use equity is mainly influenced by information publicity, administrators’ education level and ordinary water users’ participation level with the correlation coefficients of 0.637, 0.553 and 0.433, respectively. The performance of water use economic efficiency is mainly influenced by the management institutions and instruments with the regression coefficients of −0.07844 and 0.01808, respectively. In order to improve the overall performance of SWRM in irrigation areas, it is necessary to strengthen the public participation, improve the manager’ ability and provide sufficient financial support on management organization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1284 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Absorptive Capacity on Green Customer Capital under an Organizational Unlearning Context

by Silvia Martelo-Landroguez¹

, Gema Albort-Morant^1,2

, Antonio L. Leal-Rodríguez^1,*

and Belén Ribeiro-Soriano³

¹ Departamento de Administración de Empresas y Marketing, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 1, 41018 Seville, Spain

² Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Centro Universitario San Isidoro, C/Leonardo da Vinci, 17B, 41092 Seville, Spain

³ Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North-Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010265 - 20 Jan 2018

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 6670

Abstract

Environmental management is becoming increasingly important within organizations and forms an essential part of their strategies. As customers are more concerned with the care of the environment, companies are required to be more aware of their actions. Consequently, companies must ignore their historical [...] Read more.

Environmental management is becoming increasingly important within organizations and forms an essential part of their strategies. As customers are more concerned with the care of the environment, companies are required to be more aware of their actions. Consequently, companies must ignore their historical mindsets and assumptions to be able to adopt green-oriented practices and processes. Our specific research questions are: (i) How can firms become (more) green-oriented? and (ii) how can knowledge-based organizational capabilities drive this shift into greener companies, which may enhance green customer capital? The research model describes how the complementary roles of absorptive capacity (direct effect) and the fostering of an organizational unlearning context (moderating effect) affects green customer capital within the Spanish automotive component manufacturing sector. Empirical results reveal that to create green customer capital, companies should absorb new knowledge and build a context of organizational unlearning. In today’s competitive environment, knowledge rapidly becomes obsolete, so companies need to encourage unlearning to make space for new knowledge that meets environmental needs and keeps pace with changing customer preferences. The research hypotheses were tested using partial least squares (PLS) path-modeling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2457 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Zone-Aware Service Platform: A New Concept of Context-Aware Networking and Communications for Smart-Home Sustainability

by Jinsung Byun¹, Sanguk Park²

, Keonhee Cho² and Sehyun Park^2,*

¹ Defense Agency for Technology and Quality, Jinju 52851, Korea

² School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010266 - 20 Jan 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4464

Abstract

Recent advances in networking and communications removed the restrictions of time and space in information services. Context-aware service systems can support the predefined services in accordance with user requests regardless of time and space. However, due to their architectural limitations, the recent systems [...] Read more.

Recent advances in networking and communications removed the restrictions of time and space in information services. Context-aware service systems can support the predefined services in accordance with user requests regardless of time and space. However, due to their architectural limitations, the recent systems are not so flexible to provide device-independent services by multiple service providers. Recently, researchers have focused on a new service paradigm characterized by high mobility, service continuity, and green characteristics. In line with these efforts, improved context-aware service platforms have been suggested to make the platform possible to manage the contexts to provide the adaptive services for multi-user and locations. However, this platform can only support limited continuity and mobility. In other words, the existing system cannot support seamless service provision among different service providers with respect to the changes of mobility, situation, device, and network. Furthermore, the existing context-aware service platform is significant reliance on always-on infrastructure, which leads to great amounts of energy consumption inevitably. Therefore, we subsequently propose a new concept of context-aware networking and communications, namely a zone-aware service platform. The proposed platform autonomously reconfigures the infrastructure and maintains a service session interacting with the middleware to support cost- and energy-efficient pervasive services for smart-home sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Advent of Smart Homes)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2703 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Calculation of Characterization Factors of Mineral Resources Considering Future Primary Resource Use Changes: A Comparison between Iron and Copper

by Ryosuke Yokoi^*

, Jun Nakatani

and Yuichi Moriguchi

Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010267 - 20 Jan 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5468

Abstract

The future availability of mineral resources has attracted much attention; therefore, a quantitative evaluation of the potential impacts of resource use on future availability is important. Although the surplus cost model is often recommended among the existing endpoint characterization models of mineral resources, [...] Read more.

The future availability of mineral resources has attracted much attention; therefore, a quantitative evaluation of the potential impacts of resource use on future availability is important. Although the surplus cost model is often recommended among the existing endpoint characterization models of mineral resources, it has a shortcoming as it does not consider the changes in future primary resource use. This paper introduces a new characterization model considering future primary resource use changes, due to future changes in total demand and secondary resource use. Using material flow analysis, this study estimated time-series primary resource use for iron and copper for five shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and a constant total demand scenario. New characterization factors, i.e., demand change-based surplus costs (DCSC), are calculated for each resource. In all of the SSPs, the calculated DCSCs are larger than the conventional surplus costs (SC) for both iron and copper. The DCSC, relative to the SC of copper, is larger than that of iron for all of the SSPs, which suggests that the potential impacts of copper use, relative to iron, will be underestimated, unless future primary resource use changes are considered. In calculating DCSC for other resources, it is important to choose an appropriate approach for forecasting future total demands. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responsible Value Chains for Sustainability: Practices and Challenges from EcoBalance)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2248 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cycling as a Smart and Green Mode of Transport in Small Touristic Cities

by Paraskevi Karanikola¹

, Thomas Panagopoulos^2,*

, Stilianos Tampakis¹

and Georgios Tsantopoulos¹

¹ Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, 193 Pantazidou Street, 68200 Orestiada, Greece

² Research Center for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics (CIEO), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8000 Faro, Portugal

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010268 - 20 Jan 2018

Cited by 56 | Viewed by 21598

Abstract

Cycling as a mode of transport is a low-cost, health-improving way to travel and offers environmental benefits for the cities that promote it. It is only recently, though, with concerns over climate change, pollution, congestion, and obesity among others, that have cities throughout [...] Read more.

Cycling as a mode of transport is a low-cost, health-improving way to travel and offers environmental benefits for the cities that promote it. It is only recently, though, with concerns over climate change, pollution, congestion, and obesity among others, that have cities throughout the world have begun to implement policies to promote cycling. In Greece, however, the use of the bicycle is limited. In Preveza, a small touristic city in Northwestern Greece where the use of the bicycle is prominent when compared to other Greek cities, there are efforts to promote cycling. Through the aid of a structured questionnaire, the residents evaluated the suitability of the city for cycling, the existing infrastructure, appropriate education, and behavior of cyclists and drivers. More than half of the residents use bicycles as their transportation and stated that bicycles are an inexpensive way of transport in the city and had the opinion that the state should encourage bicycle use by supporting subvention in bicycle acquisition. Two-thirds of the residents evaluated the cycling facilities of their city as adequate, but unsafe for young cyclists who do not follow the rules of transport. Adult cyclists, in contrast, were more loyal to the code, but stated that drivers did not respect their presence on the roads. This research provides important information on the perceived shortcomings of cycling as a transport mode in Preveza that may be of interest to towns/cities with similar characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Travel Behaviour and Sustainable Transport of the Future)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 271 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Critical Examination of Geoengineering: Economic and Technological Rationality in Social Context

by Ryan Gunderson^1,*, Brian Petersen² and Diana Stuart³

¹ Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA

² Department of Geography, Planning and Recreation, Program in Sustainable Communities, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA

³ School of Earth Sciences and Sustainability, Program in Sustainable Communities, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010269 - 20 Jan 2018

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 12113

Abstract

Geoengineering—specifically stratospheric aerosol injection—is not only risky, but supports powerful economic interests, protects an inherently ecologically harmful social formation, relegates the fundamental social-structural changes needed to address climate change, and is rooted in a vision of a nature as a set of passive [...] Read more.

Geoengineering—specifically stratospheric aerosol injection—is not only risky, but supports powerful economic interests, protects an inherently ecologically harmful social formation, relegates the fundamental social-structural changes needed to address climate change, and is rooted in a vision of a nature as a set of passive resources that can be fully controlled in line with the demands of capital. The case for geoengineering is incomprehensible without analyzing the social context that gave birth to it: capitalism’s inability to overcome a contradiction between the need to accumulate capital, on the one hand, and the need to maintain a stable climate system on the other. Substantial emissions reductions, unlike geoengineering, are costly, rely more on social-structural than technical changes, and are at odds with the current social order. Because of this, geoengineering will increasingly be considered a core response to climate change. In light of Herbert Marcuse’s critical theory, the promotion of geoengineering as a market-friendly and high-tech strategy is shown to reflect a society that cannot set substantive aims through reason and transforms what should be considered means (technology and economic production) into ends themselves. Such a condition echoes the first-generation Frankfurt School’s central thesis: instrumental rationality remains irrational. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Social Ecology and Sustainability)

16 pages, 5542 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Responses of Vegetation Cover to Environmental Change in Large Cities of China

by Kai Jin¹

, Fei Wang^1,2,3,*

and Pengfei Li^2,4

¹ Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

² Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China

³ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

⁴ College of Geomatics, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010270 - 20 Jan 2018

Cited by 55 | Viewed by 6975

Abstract

Vegetation cover is crucial for the sustainability of urban ecosystems; however, this cover has been undergoing substantial changes in cities. Based on climate data, city statistical data, nighttime light data and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset, we investigate the spatiotemporal variations [...] Read more.

Vegetation cover is crucial for the sustainability of urban ecosystems; however, this cover has been undergoing substantial changes in cities. Based on climate data, city statistical data, nighttime light data and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset, we investigate the spatiotemporal variations of climate factors, urban lands and vegetation cover in 71 large cities of China during 1998–2012, and explore their correlations. A regression model between growing-season NDVI (G-NDVI) and urban land proportion (PU) is built to quantify the impact of urbanization on vegetation cover change. The results indicate that the spatiotemporal variations of temperature, precipitation, PU and G-NDVI are greatly different among the 71 cities which experienced rapid urbanization. The spatial difference of G-NDVI is closely related to diverse climate conditions, while the inter-annual variations of G-NDVI are less sensitive to climate changes. In addition, there is a negative correlation between G-NDVI trend and PU change, indicating vegetation cover in cities have been negatively impacted by urbanization. For most of the inland cities, the urbanization impacts on vegetation cover in urban areas are more severe than in suburban areas. But the opposite occurs in 17 cities mainly located in the coastal areas which have been undergoing the most rapid urbanization. Overall, the impacts of urbanization on G-NDVI change are estimated to be −0.026 per decade in urban areas and −0.015 per decade in suburban areas during 1998–2012. The long-term developments of cities would persist and continue to impact on the environmental change and sustainability. We use a 15-year window here as a case study, which implies the millennia of human effects on the natural biotas and warns us to manage landscapes and preserve ecological environments properly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Long-Term Perspective of Human Impact on Landscape for Environmental Change and Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 521 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Does Leader’s Support for Environment Promote Organizational Citizenship Behaviour for Environment? A Multi-Theory Perspective

by Hewawasam Puwakpitiyage Rasika Priyankara^1,2,*

, Fan Luo^1,*, Amer Saeed^1,3

, Saviour Ayertey Nubuor^1,4 and Mahabaduge Prasad Fernando Jayasuriya¹

¹ School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

² Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management Studies, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka

³ School of Business and Economics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan

⁴ Department of Organization and Human Resource Management, University of Ghana Business School, Accra, Ghana

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010271 - 21 Jan 2018

Cited by 80 | Viewed by 9533

Abstract

Organizational citizenship behaviour for environment of employees is indispensable in realizing environmental sustainability goals of organizations. However, in the growing literature of employee green behaviour at work, scant attention has been paid on the impact of leader’s specific support for environment, and the [...] Read more.

Organizational citizenship behaviour for environment of employees is indispensable in realizing environmental sustainability goals of organizations. However, in the growing literature of employee green behaviour at work, scant attention has been paid on the impact of leader’s specific support for environment, and the mechanisms through which it impacts organizational citizenship behaviour for environment. Drawing upon social exchange theory, self-determination theory and theory of normative conduct, we tested the impact of leader’s support for environment, autonomous motivation for environment and perceived group’s green climate on organizational citizenship behaviour for environment in an integrated model. The sample included 313 executive level employees of green implemented textile and apparel manufacturing factories in Sri Lanka. The results of structural equation modelling showed a direct positive impact of leader’s support for environment on organizational citizenship behaviour for environment. Further, autonomous motivation for environment and perceived group’s green climate were found to be partial mediators between leader’s support for environment and organizational citizenship behaviour for environment. We discussed the theoretical implications for sustainability literature and the managerial implications for organizational practitioners in promoting organizational citizenship behaviour for environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 2467 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Eco-Approach and Departure System for Left-Turn Vehicles at a Fixed-Time Signalized Intersection

by Huifu Jiang

, Shi An, Jian Wang^* and Jianxun Cui

School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010273 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6133

Abstract

This research proposed an eco-approach and departure system for left-turn vehicles at a fixed-time signalized intersection. This system gives higher priority to enhancing traffic safety than improving mobility and fuel efficiency, and optimizes the entire traffic consisted of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) [...] Read more.

This research proposed an eco-approach and departure system for left-turn vehicles at a fixed-time signalized intersection. This system gives higher priority to enhancing traffic safety than improving mobility and fuel efficiency, and optimizes the entire traffic consisted of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) and conventional human-driven vehicles by providing ecological speed trajectories for left-turn CAVs. All the ecological speed trajectories are offline optimized before the implementation of system. The speed trajectory optimization is constructed in Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle structure. The before and after evaluation of the proposed system shows the percentage of vehicles that drive pass the intersection at safe speed increases by 2.14% to 45.65%, fuel consumption benefits range 0.53% to 18.44%, emission benefits range from 0.57% to 15.69%, no significant throughput benefits is observed. The proposed system significantly enhances the traffic safety and improves the fuel efficiency and emission reduction of left-turn vehicles with no adverse effect on mobility, and has a good robustness against the randomness of traffic. The investigation also indicates that the computation time of proposed system is greatly reduced compared to previous eco-driving system with online speed optimization. The computation time is up to 0.01 s. The proposed system is ready for real-time application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 3037 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of Pedestrian Comfort with Wind Chill during Winter

by Hyungkeun Kim

, Kyungsoo Lee and Taeyeon Kim^*

Department of Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010274 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5980

Abstract

Two types of methods are used to evaluate pedestrian comfort: pedestrian wind comfort and outdoor thermal comfort. To accurately ascertain the outdoor wind environment, wind speed is the only parameter considered. However, pedestrians may still feel discomfort when the perceived temperature is low, [...] Read more.

Two types of methods are used to evaluate pedestrian comfort: pedestrian wind comfort and outdoor thermal comfort. To accurately ascertain the outdoor wind environment, wind speed is the only parameter considered. However, pedestrians may still feel discomfort when the perceived temperature is low, even though the wind comfort criterion has been satisfactorily fulfilled. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to investigate pedestrian comfort when the perceived temperature is low, especially in winter conditions. To achieve this, a pedestrian survey was conducted, and 588 respondents completed a questionnaire. The results show that pedestrians feel discomfort when the WCET (Wind Chill Equivalent Temperature) is low, with almost 40 percent of respondents answering that they feel discomfort in these conditions. In conclusion, the threshold wind speed of the winter season could be determined to be lower than that of the existing comfort criteria by applying the WCET. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Sustainable Built Environment)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 484 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Supply Chain Management and Business Sustainability Synergy: A Theoretical and Integrated Perspective

by Zabihollah Rezaee

300 Fogelman College Administration Building, Fogelman College of Business and Economics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152-3120, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010275 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 63 | Viewed by 18978

Abstract

Global business organizations face the challenges of adapting proper sustainability strategies and practices to effectively respond to social, ethical, environmental, and governance issues while improving financial performance in creating value for their shareholders. Business sustainability enables the integration of financial economic sustainability performance [...] Read more.

Global business organizations face the challenges of adapting proper sustainability strategies and practices to effectively respond to social, ethical, environmental, and governance issues while improving financial performance in creating value for their shareholders. Business sustainability enables the integration of financial economic sustainability performance and non-financial environmental, social, ethical, and governance sustainability performance dimensions into the corporate culture, supply chain management and business models in creating shared value for all stakeholders. Business literature has provided mixed evidence of the tension, and possible link, between financial and non-financial sustainability performance dimensions and sustainability theories have yet to sufficiently address this tension. This paper attempts to fill this void by shedding light on the link between various dimensions of sustainability performance, their integrated effect on creating shared value for all stakeholders and their implications for supply chain sustainability. This paper examines the synergy between business sustainability and supply chain management by presenting a framework consisting of sustainability theories, sustainability performance dimensions, sustainability shared value concept, and sustainability best practices. Companies can use the suggested framework in integrating both financial and non-financial sustainability initiatives into their supply chain sustainability from production design, purchasing and inbound logistics, and manufacturing process to distribution and outbound logistics. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 4023 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Recycling Pig Slurry Solid Fraction Compost as a Sound Absorber

by Niccolò Pampuro, Christian Preti

and Eugenio Cavallo^*

Institute for Agricultural and Earth Moving Machines (IMAMOTER), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Strada delle Cacce, 73-10135 Torino (TO), Italy

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010277 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4794

Abstract

The aim of this investigation was to determine the physical and acoustical properties of compacts made from composted pig slurry solid fraction (SF) in order to assess the potential to recycle this agricultural waste as a sound absorber. The compacts were obtained by [...] Read more.

The aim of this investigation was to determine the physical and acoustical properties of compacts made from composted pig slurry solid fraction (SF) in order to assess the potential to recycle this agricultural waste as a sound absorber. The compacts were obtained by compression. The physical parameters investigated were bulk density, durability, and particle size distribution. The acoustical features of the compacts were studied with an impedance tube device in order to verify the acoustic absorption coefficient. Two composts were prepared: pig SF compost without a bulking agent (SSFC) and pig SF compost with wood chips as a bulking agent (WCC). The study’s results indicated that compost particles dimension played a key role in the physical and acoustical properties of the compacts: the smaller the particles, the higher the physical and acoustical properties of the compacts. The densification process increased the bulk density of the investigated composts up to 690 kg m⁻³ for SSFC and 660 kg m⁻³ for WWC, with, respectively, medium (77.9%) and low (66.5%) durability. The addition of woody bulking agent significantly reduced the absorption coefficient: the best results, in terms of potential use as a sound absorber, were observed for compacts made from composted pig slurry solid fraction without the addition of wood chips. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reducing Agricultural and Food Waste: Implications for Biodiversity and the Environment)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 262 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Total-Factor Energy Efficiency in BRI Countries: An Estimation Based on Three-Stage DEA Model

by Changhong Zhao¹, Haonan Zhang¹, Yurong Zeng¹, Fengyun Li¹, Yuanxin Liu¹, Chengju Qin¹ and Jiahai Yuan^1,2,*

¹ School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

² Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low-Carbon Development, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010278 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 57 | Viewed by 6126

Abstract

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is showing its great influence and leadership on the international energy cooperation. Based on the three-stage DEA model, total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) in 35 BRI countries in 2015 was measured in this article. It shows that the [...] Read more.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is showing its great influence and leadership on the international energy cooperation. Based on the three-stage DEA model, total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) in 35 BRI countries in 2015 was measured in this article. It shows that the three-stage DEA model could eliminate errors of environment variable and random, which made the result better than traditional DEA model. When environment variable errors and random errors were eliminated, the mean value of TFEE was declined. It demonstrated that TFEE of the whole sample group was overestimated because of external environment impacts and random errors. The TFEE indicators of high-income countries like South Korea, Singapore, Israel and Turkey are 1, which is in the efficiency frontier. The TFEE indicators of Russia, Saudi Arabia, Poland and China are over 0.8. And the indicators of Uzbekistan, Ukraine, South Africa and Bulgaria are in a low level. The potential of energy-saving and emissions reduction is great in countries with low TFEE indicators. Because of the gap in energy efficiency, it is necessary to distinguish different countries in the energy technology options, development planning and regulation in BRI countries. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 9374 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Floristic Diversity and Cultural Importance in Agroforestry Systems on Small-Scale Farmer’s Livelihoods in Central Veracruz, México

by Sjoerd Pietersen¹, Juan Carlos López-Acosta^2,*, Jorge Antonio Gomez-Díaz³ and Maite Lascurain-Rangel³

¹ International Land & Watermangement M.s. Wageningen University & Research, 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands

² Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, 91000 Veracruz, Mexico

³ Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, 91070 Veracruz, Mexico

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010279 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6079

Abstract

México is a cultural and biological megadiverse country with an increased anthropogenic pressure on its tropical landscapes. The study area was the ejido “Los Ídolos”, Misantla, Central Veracruz, Mexico. The main objective of this research was to identify how the woody plant diversity [...] Read more.

México is a cultural and biological megadiverse country with an increased anthropogenic pressure on its tropical landscapes. The study area was the ejido “Los Ídolos”, Misantla, Central Veracruz, Mexico. The main objective of this research was to identify how the woody plant diversity of agroforestry systems contributed to the cultural, economic, and subsistence security of local farmers. Five different agroforestry systems were identified: forest gardens (FG), home gardens (HG), plantation crop combination with perennial cultivates (PC), plantation crop combinations with annual cultivates (AC), and trees on pastures (TP). FG systems had the highest floristic diversity, followed by HG and TP. Interviews with farmers showed that FG, HG, and PC systems were important for maintaining cultural identity and secure subsistence needs, while PC and TP systems were important for improving the economic situation of farmers. The FG systems contained only native species, while the proportion of exotic plants differed among the other systems. Useful exotic plants were found in the HG system. This study demonstrated that agroforestry systems such as FG were not used to their full potential, despite their high diversity of useful plants. It is recommended that farmers—assisted by institutions and representatives of local product chains—conduct feasibility studies on the marketing and promotion of products derived from specific agroforestry systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Ecology and Forest Management)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2935 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainability Index Evaluation of the Rainwater Harvesting System in Six US Urban Cities

by Daeryong Park¹

and Myoung-Jin Um^2,*

¹ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea

² School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010280 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5737

Abstract

This study investigated the sustainability of the rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) by analyzing six urban city sites with different rainfall statistics in the United States. We developed a new RWHS performance model by modifying a spreadsheet-based storage, treatment, and overflow runoff model (SS [...] Read more.

This study investigated the sustainability of the rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) by analyzing six urban city sites with different rainfall statistics in the United States. We developed a new RWHS performance model by modifying a spreadsheet-based storage, treatment, and overflow runoff model (SS STORM) and verified its performance by comparing with another analytical RWHS model. The sustainability index (SI) evaluation method was used for a reservoir system and applied to the RWHS, employing modified resilience and vulnerability evaluation methods due to the different characteristics of a reservoir and the RWHS. The performance of modified SS STORM is very similar to that of the analytical method, except in Los Angeles, which is characterized by long inter-event times and low rainfall event depths due to low annual rainfall. The sustainability indices were successfully evaluated depending on both RWHS size and water demand and vary over a wide range as annual rainfall increases. This study proposes a new RWHS performance model and sustainability index evaluation method. Further study should confirm the proposed approach in regions with widely different rainfall characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change on Hydrology, Water Quality and Ecology)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 621 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Eco-Efficiency Actions and Firm Growth in European SMEs

by Elisenda Jové-Llopis^*

and Agustí Segarra-Blasco

Research Group of Industry and Territory, Department of Economics—CREIP, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010281 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 53 | Viewed by 5933

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of eco-efficiency actions on firm performance in terms of sales growth in an extensive sample of 11,336 small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located in 28 European countries. Our empirical results suggest that not all eco-strategies are positively related [...] Read more.

This study investigates the effects of eco-efficiency actions on firm performance in terms of sales growth in an extensive sample of 11,336 small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located in 28 European countries. Our empirical results suggest that not all eco-strategies are positively related to better performance, at least not in the short term. We found that European companies using renewable energies, and recycling or designing products that are easier to maintain, repair, or reuse, perform better. Those that aim to reduce water or energy pollution, however, seemed to show a negative correlation to firm growth. Our results also indicate that high investment in eco-strategies improves firm growth, particularly in new members that joined the EU from 2004 onwards. Finally, we observed a U-shaped relationship between eco-strategies and firm growth, which indicates that a greater breadth of eco-strategies is associated with better firm performance. However, few European SMEs are able to either invest heavily or undertake multiple eco-strategies, thus leaving room for policy interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmentally Sustainable Competitive Strategies)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 548 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainability-Oriented Innovation in the Minerals Industry: An Empirical Study on the Effect of Non-Geographical Proximity Dimensions

by Babak Ghassim

The School of Business and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Breivangvegen 23, 9010 Tromsø, Norway

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010282 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6026

Abstract

Minerals mining and processing companies (hereinafter referred to as “minerals industry”) face the increasing demand for a comprehensive approach towards innovations aimed at sustainability. While the ability to learn from external sources of knowledge is at the core of this process, lack of [...] Read more.

Minerals mining and processing companies (hereinafter referred to as “minerals industry”) face the increasing demand for a comprehensive approach towards innovations aimed at sustainability. While the ability to learn from external sources of knowledge is at the core of this process, lack of geographical proximity and multiplicity of external sources impose challenges for mineral companies in this respect. The present study proposes that organizational, institutional and cognitive proximities could provide a platform for this industry to overcome those challenges, thereby achieving a superior innovation performance across various sustainability dimensions. Results of an analysis based on a sample of 101 mineral companies in Norway reveal that these dimensions of proximity are conducive to process, product and social innovation in different ways. More specifically, organizational proximity (diversity of non-local collaborations) and informal institutional proximity (shared cultural norms and values) spur social innovation. Furthermore, formal institutional proximity (similarity of rules and laws) and cognitive proximity (familiarity of knowledge base) support both process and product innovations. This paper provides some insights on the determinants of innovation in sustainability contexts, and contributes to the recent debate on the role of non-spatial proximity dimensions for innovation in the peripheral regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in the Mining, Minerals and Energy Industries)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 404 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Early Warning System for Oil Security in China

by Qingsong Wang¹, Hongrui Tang¹, Xueliang Yuan^1,*, Mansen Wang², Hongkun Xiao¹ and Zhi Ma¹

¹ School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China

² Medical Data Research Center, Providence Health & Services, 9205 SW Barnes Road, Portland, OR 97225, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010283 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5103

Abstract

The oil system security in a country or region will affect its sustainable development ability. China’s oil security has risen to the national strategic level. It is urgent to construct an early warning indicator system to reflect the oil security level accurately, as [...] Read more.

The oil system security in a country or region will affect its sustainable development ability. China’s oil security has risen to the national strategic level. It is urgent to construct an early warning indicator system to reflect the oil security level accurately, as well as to diagnose and assess the oil system status effectively and put forward the corresponding proposals for ensuring oil security. An early warning indicator system of China’s oil system covering 23 sub-indicators from three aspects, i.e., resource security, market security and consumption security, was constructed using the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) factor analysis method. It shows that China’s oil system safety level has been seriously threatened and is generally declining. However, due to the strong introduction of energy policies and increasing energy utilization technology in recent years, the increasing proportion of new energy, renewable energy and oil substitutes eases the energy security threats. In response to complex oil security issues, the Chinese government needs to strengthen macroeconomic regulation and control at the policy level continuously, increase efforts to explore resource reserves, upgrade energy conservation and emission reduction technologies, develop new alternatives for oil products, and reduce the dependence on international oil imports. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Security and Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1939 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimising Anaerobic Digestion of Manure Resources at a Regional Level

by Kari-Anne Lyng^1,2,*

, Mia Bjerkestrand², Aina Elstad Stensgård¹, Pieter Callewaert¹ and Ole Jørgen Hanssen^1,2

¹ Ostfold Research, Stadion 4, 1671 Krakeroy, Norway

² The Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, Norway

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010286 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6128

Abstract

An optimisation model was developed to give decision support on methods of managing manure resources within a region to reduce greenhouse gases and at the same time obtain economic profitability for the farmer. The model was tested by performing a case study on [...] Read more.

An optimisation model was developed to give decision support on methods of managing manure resources within a region to reduce greenhouse gases and at the same time obtain economic profitability for the farmer. The model was tested by performing a case study on 50 farms in one region in Norway. Based on input data on the number of cattle and pigs on each farm, and the transport distance between each farm and the nearest centralised biogas plant, the model calculates the economic profit of the farmer and the greenhouse gas emissions for three manure management alternatives: (1) no biogas production; (2) farm scale biogas production; and (3) centralised biogas production. The model could minimise the greenhouse gas emissions, maximise the profit for the farmers or a combination of the two. Results from the case study showed that both options for anaerobic digestion (farm scale and centralised biogas production) are beneficial in terms of the reduction of greenhouse gases and can be profitable for the farmers. The case study has validated the functionality and usefulness of the model. Some improvements are suggested for further development and use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 11219 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identifying Spatiotemporal Interactions between Urbanization and Eco-Environment in the Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, China

by Yan Yu^1,*, Yan Tong¹

, Wenwu Tang², Yanbin Yuan¹ and Yue Chen¹

¹ Department of Regional Planning and Management, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

² Center for Applied Geographic Information Science, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 290; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010290 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 36 | Viewed by 6246

Abstract

Urban agglomeration has become a crucial topic in order for the Chinese government to promote new-type urbanization in China, and its urbanization will greatly affect China’s eco-environment. Existing literature on bidirectional influence between urbanization and eco-environment from the perspective of urban agglomeration is, [...] Read more.

Urban agglomeration has become a crucial topic in order for the Chinese government to promote new-type urbanization in China, and its urbanization will greatly affect China’s eco-environment. Existing literature on bidirectional influence between urbanization and eco-environment from the perspective of urban agglomeration is, however, limited. This study establishes a conceptual framework to identify bidirectional relationships between urbanization and eco-environment in urban agglomerations. After evaluating urbanization level and eco-environment quality for each city in an urban agglomeration, this framework determines key interaction factors, and employs a global regression approach to quantify the coercing effects of urbanization on eco-environment and constraining effects of eco-environment on urbanization. Spatial heterogeneity of bidirectional interactions is then examined using local regression, represented by geographically weighted regression. The case study in the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2000 to 2015 indicated the existence of bidirectional interactions and coercing threat that was stronger than constraining pressure in this region. The coercion that urbanization posed on the eco-environment began to vary in space significantly from 2010, whereas the constraint of eco-environment on urbanization was spatially stationary. This study will help policy-makers to develop sustainable policies to balance urban development and eco-environment conservation. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

18 pages, 1675 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Sustainable Role of the E-Trust in the B2C E-Commerce of Vietnam

by Yongrok Choi^*

and Do Quynh Mai

Global E-Governance Program, Inha University, Inharo 100, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010291 - 22 Jan 2018

Cited by 70 | Viewed by 20985

Abstract

Vietnam, as a new emerging market, especially in e-business, has been promoting its emerging e-commerce market in Southeast Asia using aggressive players such as Lazada. Nonetheless, Vietnam has strong cultural background of risk-averse attitudes, like other developing countries, thereby deferring sustainable transformation into [...] Read more.

Vietnam, as a new emerging market, especially in e-business, has been promoting its emerging e-commerce market in Southeast Asia using aggressive players such as Lazada. Nonetheless, Vietnam has strong cultural background of risk-averse attitudes, like other developing countries, thereby deferring sustainable transformation into the e-business revolution. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the factors leading to the sustainable performance of e-commerce businesses, because highly risk-avert attitudes still cause many problems due to low levels of trust. In this perspective of trust, this research may contribute to promoting Vietnamese online shopping trends and suggesting ways for sustainable business to achieve success in B2C e-commerce. The purpose of this research is to examine whether or not the characteristics of e-service quality (usefulness, convenience, security, responsiveness, and assurance) have a positive influence on customer loyalty, one of the sustainable success factors in this growing e-commerce industry in Asian markets. Using questionnaires and structural equation modelling, we concluded that it is crucial to promote e-trust as a vital element, because it lacks, in the short-run, an initial e-trust. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Cooperation for the Sustainable Development and Management in Northeast Asia)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Other

21 pages, 1147 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sustainable Decision-Making in Civil Engineering, Construction and Building Technology

by Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas^1,2,*

, Jurgita Antucheviciene¹

, Tatjana Vilutiene¹ and Hojjat Adeli³

¹ Department of Construction Management and Real Estate, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania

² Institute of Sustainable Construction, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania

³ College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010014 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 157 | Viewed by 33024

Abstract

Sustainable decision-making in civil engineering, construction and building technology can be supported by fundamental scientific achievements and multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) theories. The current paper aims at overviewing the state of the art in terms of published papers related to theoretical methods that are [...] Read more.

Sustainable decision-making in civil engineering, construction and building technology can be supported by fundamental scientific achievements and multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) theories. The current paper aims at overviewing the state of the art in terms of published papers related to theoretical methods that are applied to support sustainable evaluation and selection processes in civil engineering. The review is limited solely to papers referred to in the Clarivate Analytic Web of Science core collection database. As the focus is on multiple-criteria decision-making, it aims at reviewing how the papers on MCDM developments and applications have been distributed by period of publishing, by author countries and institutions, and by journals. Detailed analysis of 2015–2017 journal articles from two Web of Science categories (engineering civil and construction building technology) is presented. The articles are grouped by research domains, problems analyzed and the decision-making approaches used. The findings of the current review paper show that MCDM applications have been constantly growing and particularly increased in the last three years, confirming the great potential and prospects of applying MCDM methods for sustainable decision-making in civil engineering, construction and building technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Construction Engineering)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 3285 KiB

Open AccessReview

African Leafy Vegetables: A Review of Status, Production and Utilization in South Africa

by Innocent Maseko^1,*, Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi²

, Samson Tesfay¹, Hintsa Tesfamicael Araya³

, Melake Fezzehazion³ and Christian Phillipus Du Plooy³

¹ Horticultural Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa

² Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa

³ Agricultural Research Council, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute (ARC-VOPI), Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010016 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 80 | Viewed by 16028

Abstract

African leafy vegetables (ALVs) are mostly gathered from the wild, with few selected species being cultivated, usually as part of a mixed cropping system in home gardens or smallholder plots. They have important advantages over exotic vegetable species, because of their adaptability to [...] Read more.

African leafy vegetables (ALVs) are mostly gathered from the wild, with few selected species being cultivated, usually as part of a mixed cropping system in home gardens or smallholder plots. They have important advantages over exotic vegetable species, because of their adaptability to marginal agricultural production areas and their ability to provide dietary diversity in poor rural communities. Despite their significance in food and nutrition security, there is limited availability or access to these crops leading to underutilisation. The objective of this review was to document the state of utilisation and production of ALVs in South Africa. A qualitative systematic approach review of online sources, peer reviewed papers published in journals, books and other publications was conducted. There is lack of suitable production systems, innovative processing, and value-adding techniques that promote utilisation of ALVs. Furthermore, there is a perception that ALVs are food for the poor among the youth and urban folks, while, among the affluent, they are highly regarded as being nutritious. To promote ALVs from household consumption and commercialisation, further research on agronomy, post-harvest handling, storage and processing is required in South Africa. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 305 KiB

Open AccessReview

Ants: Major Functional Elements in Fruit Agro-Ecosystems and Biological Control Agents

by Lamine Diamé^1,2,*, Jean-Yves Rey^1,3,4, Jean-François Vayssières^3,4, Isabelle Grechi^4,5, Anaïs Chailleux^3,4,6

and Karamoko Diarra²

¹ Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Centre pour le Développement de l’Horticulture, BP 3120 Dakar, Senegal

² Département de Biologie Animale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 7925 Dakar, Senegal

³ Centre de Coopération Internationale de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UPR HortSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France

⁴ Centre de Coopération Internationale de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, University de Montpellier, HortSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France

⁵ Centre de Coopération Internationale de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UPR HortSys, F-97455 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France

⁶ Biopass, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles—University Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar—Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, BP 2274 Dakar, Senegal

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010023 - 22 Dec 2017

Cited by 43 | Viewed by 9653

Abstract

Ants are a very diverse taxonomic group. They display remarkable social organization that has enabled them to be ubiquitous throughout the world. They make up approximately 10% of the world’s animal biomass. Ants provide ecosystem services in agrosystems by playing a major role [...] Read more.

Ants are a very diverse taxonomic group. They display remarkable social organization that has enabled them to be ubiquitous throughout the world. They make up approximately 10% of the world’s animal biomass. Ants provide ecosystem services in agrosystems by playing a major role in plant pollination, soil bioturbation, bioindication, and the regulation of crop-damaging insects. Over recent decades, there have been numerous studies in ant ecology and the focus on tree cropping systems has given added importance to ant ecology knowledge. The only missing point in this knowledge is the reasons underlying difference between the positive and negative effects of ants in tree cropping systems. This review article provides an overview of knowledge of the roles played by ants in orchards as functional elements, and on the potential of Oecophylla weaver ants as biological control agents. It also shows the potential and relevance of using ants as an agro-ecological diagnosis tool in orchards. Lastly, it demonstrates the potential elements which may determine the divergent negative and positive of their effects on cropping systems. Full article

23 pages, 800 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Methods to Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Agriculture

by Lakesh K. Sharma^1,2,* and Sukhwinder K. Bali^1,2,*

¹ Department of Cooperative Extension, University of Maine, 57 Houlton Rd., Presque Isle, ME 04769, USA

² Department of Art and Science, University of Maine at Presque Isle, 181 Main St, Presque Isle, ME 04769, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010051 - 26 Dec 2017

Cited by 242 | Viewed by 22147

Abstract

Management of nitrogen (N) is a challenging task and several methods individually and in combination are in use to manage its efficiency. However, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has not been improved to a level, only 33%, as predicted by the researchers while developing [...] Read more.

Management of nitrogen (N) is a challenging task and several methods individually and in combination are in use to manage its efficiency. However, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has not been improved to a level, only 33%, as predicted by the researchers while developing nitrogen management tools and methods. The primary objective of this review article is to evaluate methods and tools available to manage nitrogen. Several methods, soil testing, plant tissue testing, spectral response, fertilizer placement and timing and vegetative indexes (leaf area index, and NDVI) through drones, handheld sensors, and satellite imagery were reviewed on the subject of user-friendly and effectiveness towards NUE. No single method was found sufficient to counter the nitrogen loss. Some methods were found time consuming and unsynchronized with N uptake behavior of particular crop, for example, plant tissue testing. Use of precision agriculture tools, such as GreenSeeker, Holland Crop Circle, drone, and satellite imagery, were found better compared to conventional methods such as soil testing, but these tools can only be used when the crop is up. Therefore, N management is possible only through inseason N application methods. When 70% of the applied nitrogen is used by the crops within 25–30 days after planting, for example, corn and potatoes, it is required to apply major N rates through inseason approach and some N at planting using soil test reports. In conclusion, this article strongly advocates using two or more methods in combination when managing N. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Agriculture Technologies for a Sustainable Future: Current Trends and Perspectives)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1114 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review of Soil Organic Carbon Measurement Protocols: A US and Brazil Comparison and Recommendation

by Maggie R. Davis^1,*, Bruno J. R. Alves², Douglas L. Karlen³, Keith L. Kline¹

, Marcelo Galdos⁴ and Dana Abulebdeh⁵

¹ Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA

² The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA Agrobiologia), Seropédica 23891-000, RJ, Brazil

³ National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment (NLAE), Ames, IA 50011, USA

⁴ Interdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning (NIPE)/Unicamp, Barão Geraldo, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil

⁵ Environmental Assistance Office (EAO), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28273, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010053 - 26 Dec 2017

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 9734

Abstract

Soil organic carbon (SOC) change influences the life-cycle assessment (LCA) calculations for globally traded bio-based products. Broad agreement on the importance of SOC measurement stands in contrast with inconsistent measurement methods. This paper focuses on published SOC research on lands managed for maize [...] Read more.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) change influences the life-cycle assessment (LCA) calculations for globally traded bio-based products. Broad agreement on the importance of SOC measurement stands in contrast with inconsistent measurement methods. This paper focuses on published SOC research on lands managed for maize (Zea mays L.) in the U.S. and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Brazil. A literature review found that reported SOC measurement protocols reflect different sampling strategies, measurement techniques, and laboratory analysis methods. Variability in sampling techniques (pits versus core samples), depths, increments for analysis, and analytical procedures (wet oxidation versus dry combustion) can influence reported SOC values. To improve consistency and comparability in future SOC studies, the authors recommend that: (a) the methods applied for each step in SOC studies be documented; (b) a defined protocol for soil pits or coring be applied; (c) samples be analyzed at 10 cm intervals for the full rooting depth and at 20 cm intervals below rooting until reaching 100 cm; (d) stratified sampling schemes be applied where possible to reflect variability across study sites; (e) standard laboratory techniques be used to differentiate among labile and stable SOC fractions; and (f) more long-term, diachronic approaches be used to assess SOC change. We conclude with suggestions for future research to further improve the comparability of SOC measurements across sites and nations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1781 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Transformative Turn towards Sustainability in the Context of Urban-Related Studies? A Systematic Review from 1957 to 2016

by Florian Koch^1,*

, Sigrun Kabisch¹ and Kerstin Krellenberg^1,2

¹ Department of Urban and Environmental Sociology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany

² Tilia GmbH, Inselstraße 31, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010058 - 28 Dec 2017

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 6830

Abstract

This article evaluates if the increasing use of the term “urban transformations” in academic research and the widely acknowledged importance of cities in sustainability transformations has led to a transformative turn towards sustainability and Global Environmental Change (GEC) in urban-related studies. This is [...] Read more.

This article evaluates if the increasing use of the term “urban transformations” in academic research and the widely acknowledged importance of cities in sustainability transformations has led to a transformative turn towards sustainability and Global Environmental Change (GEC) in urban-related studies. This is done through a systematic review of the scientific literature on urban transformations for the last six decades. This way, the multiplicity of uses of the term urban transformations is identified and a contextualization of the urban transformations to sustainability-debate within the wider sphere of urban-related studies is achieved. Our findings show that until now the term is very heterogeneously used in the scientific literature and that the number of articles referring to urban transformations to sustainability has significantly increased during the last five years. While first steps towards a transformative turn can be identified, empirical cases of successful urban transformations towards sustainability hardly appear in the articles. A gap between the theoretical concept and the empirical cases of urban transformations is clearly visible, which also has implications for future research on urban sustainability. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 4436 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Light Shelf Designs for Daylit Environments

by Antonis Kontadakis^1,*, Aris Tsangrassoulis¹, Lambros Doulos^1,2,3

and Stelios Zerefos³

¹ Department of Architecture, University of Thessaly, Pedion Areos, 38334 Volos, Greece

² Lighting Lab, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Politechniou, 9, 15780 Athens, Greece

³ School of Applied Arts, Hellenic Open University, Parodos Aristotelous, 18, 26335 Patras, Greece

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010071 - 29 Dec 2017

Cited by 74 | Viewed by 25770

Abstract

Light shelves have been discussed in numerous studies as suitable solutions for controlling daylight in side-lit spaces. It is a system that can be easily modified, offering a range of design solutions. It can be easily mounted on the exterior and/or the interior [...] Read more.

Light shelves have been discussed in numerous studies as suitable solutions for controlling daylight in side-lit spaces. It is a system that can be easily modified, offering a range of design solutions. It can be easily mounted on the exterior and/or the interior of a vertical opening, it can come in various shapes from static flat forms to curved reflective surfaces, or it can even be actively controlled. A light shelf can offer shading and at the same time can redirect a significant part of the incoming light flux towards the ceiling improving daylight uniformity. Due to the aforesaid functions, light shelves are among the most popular system design solutions when it comes to daylight exploitation. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to present the main research findings in relation to light shelves as daylighting systems and secondly to analyze the results, trying to establish a common basis for some efficient and practical design rules. The present paper is a review of the research realized in the last three decades concerning these systems together with their associated implications in a building’s daylight performance as well as in its energy balance in a few cases. In addition, the critical review of their design principles is included, which makes the presented information useful for design teams trying to select the optimal available system for any specific project. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 2061 KiB

Open AccessReview

Spatial Characteristics, Health Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soils from Central China

by Fei Li^1,2

, Ying Cai^1,2 and Jingdong Zhang^1,2,*

¹ Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China

² School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010091 - 4 Jan 2018

Cited by 47 | Viewed by 7443

Abstract

The contents of seven toxic metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Hg and As) in soils from Central China, including Henan Province, Hubei Province and Hunan Province, were collected from published papers from 2007 to 2017. The geoaccumulation index, health risk assessment model [...] Read more.

The contents of seven toxic metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Hg and As) in soils from Central China, including Henan Province, Hubei Province and Hunan Province, were collected from published papers from 2007 to 2017. The geoaccumulation index, health risk assessment model and statistics were adopted to study the spatial contamination pattern, to assess the human health risks and to identify the priority control pollutants. The concentrations of soil metals in Central China, especially Cd (1.31 mg/kg), Pb (44.43 mg/kg) and Hg (0.19 mg/kg), surpassed their corresponding background values, and the I_geo values of Cd and Hg varied the most, ranging from the unpolluted level to the extremely polluted level. The concentrations of toxic metals were higher in the southern and northern parts of Central China, contrasting to the lowest contents in the middle parts. For non-carcinogenic risk, the hazard index (HI) values for the children in Hubei Province (1.10) and Hunan Province (1.41) exceeded the safe level of one, with higher health risks to children than adults, and the hazard quotient (HQ) values of the three exposure pathways for both children and adults in Central China decreased in the following order: ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. For carcinogenic risk (CR), the CR values for children in Hubei Province (2.55 × 10⁻⁴), Hunan Province (3.44 × 10⁻⁴) and Henan Province (1.69 × 10⁻⁴), and the CR for adults in Hubei Province (3.67 × 10⁻⁵), Hunan Province (4.92 × 10⁻⁵) and Henan Province (2.45 × 10⁻⁵) exceeded the unacceptable level (10⁻⁴) and acceptable level (10⁻⁶), respectively. Arsenic (As) appeared to be the main metalloid for both children and adults causing the high carcinogenic risk. For sustainable development in Central China, special attention should be paid to Cd, Hg, Cr, Pb and As, identified as the priority control soil metals. Importance should also be attached to public education, source control, and the remediation of the highly contaminated soils, especially in the areas where it can endanger the groundwater. Furthermore, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the industrial structure and cooperate more to form a complete economic zone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Metals: Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1958 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Architect and the Paradigms of Sustainable Development: A Review of Dilemmas

by Wojciech Bonenberg and Oleg Kapliński^*

Faculty of Architecture, Poznań University of Technology, Nieszawska Str. 13C, 60-965 Poznań, Poland

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010100 - 3 Jan 2018

Cited by 44 | Viewed by 13116

Abstract

This article presents the architect’s attitude towards the paradigms of sustainable development. The place and role of the architect in the implementation of the multidimensional processes of sustainable design are presented. Basic dilemmas and antinomies are presented. The analysis of architects’ attitudes towards [...] Read more.

This article presents the architect’s attitude towards the paradigms of sustainable development. The place and role of the architect in the implementation of the multidimensional processes of sustainable design are presented. Basic dilemmas and antinomies are presented. The analysis of architects’ attitudes towards these problems is performed in various contexts, examining the architect’s awareness and his/her environment in view of changes under way. The article draws attention to the status of knowledge, changes in design paradigms, legislative and organizational requirements. The importance of architectural culture level, the need for training and ways to support the implementation of new design paradigms through integrated activities are indicated. The research results, regarding public awareness of architecture and sustainable development, are illustrated, with examples from Poland. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Construction Engineering)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 3461 KiB

Open AccessReview

Subsidence Mechanism and Stability Assessment Methods for Partial Extraction Mines for Sustainable Development of Mining Cities—A Review

by Yang Yu¹

, Shen-En Chen²

, Ka-Zhong Deng^1,*

, Peng Wang³ and Hong-Dong Fan^1,4

¹ School of Environment Science and Spatial Information, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

² Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA

³ School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

⁴ State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010113 - 6 Jan 2018

Cited by 40 | Viewed by 6125

Abstract

Partial extraction methods such as underground strip pillar mining or room-and-pillar mining are widely adopted techniques to control ground subsidence. However, pillar failure in partial extraction mines may introduce violent secondary ground collapses. The stability of partial extraction mines dictates the safety of [...] Read more.

Partial extraction methods such as underground strip pillar mining or room-and-pillar mining are widely adopted techniques to control ground subsidence. However, pillar failure in partial extraction mines may introduce violent secondary ground collapses. The stability of partial extraction mines dictates the safety of ground surface structures and the environmental health state of the surrounding mining areas. To reuse mining subsidence lands, it is necessary to evaluate the stability of the land through mine subsidence assessments. This paper summarizes current pillar stability assessment methods and their limitations, and the rock mechanics associated with the stability of abandoned mines. The effects of multiple factors that affect mine stability are discussed in detail; special attention has been extended to discuss the weathering effects associated with infused water and spontaneous combustion, as these are some key reasons for pillar strength degradation in abandoned mines. The mechanism of mine collapse and the corresponding post-mining disasters are also summarized. Finally, suggestions and strategies to improve current mine stability assessment methods are proposed based on the perspective of subsidence control. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 10962 KiB

Open AccessReview

An Investigation of the Underlying Evolution of Shale Gas Research’s Domain Based on the Co-Word Network

by Wen Li, Yuxi Liu, Siqi Xiao, Yu Zhang and Lihe Chai^*

School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010164 - 13 Jan 2018

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5472

Abstract

With the increasing shortage energy, the exploration and utilization of shale gas (SG) have greatly changed the world’s natural gas supply pattern. In this study, based on a bibliometric review of the publications related to SG, by analyzing the co-word networks during the [...] Read more.

With the increasing shortage energy, the exploration and utilization of shale gas (SG) have greatly changed the world’s natural gas supply pattern. In this study, based on a bibliometric review of the publications related to SG, by analyzing the co-word networks during the past years, we provide comprehensive analyses on the underlying domain evolution of shale gas research (SGR). Firstly, we visualize the topical development of SGR. We not only identify the key topics at each stage but also reveal their underlying dependence and evolutionary trends. The directions of SGR in the future are implied. Secondly, we find the co-word network has small-world and scale-free characteristics, which are the important mechanisms of driving the evolution of SGR’s domain. Thirdly, we analyze China’s SGR. We find the co-word network in China’s SGR has not yet emerged obvious differentiation. Nevertheless, it has a similar self-organized evolution process with the co-word network of international SGR. Our above results can provide references for the future SGR of scholars, optimization or control of the domain and the strategy/policy of countries or globalization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Security and Sustainability)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

44 pages, 4956 KiB

Open AccessReview

Logistics Best Practices for Regional Food Systems: A Review

by Anuj Mittal¹, Caroline C. Krejci^2,* and Teri J. Craven¹

¹ Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, 3004 Black Engineering Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA

² Department of Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Box 19017, Arlington, TX 76019, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010168 - 11 Jan 2018

Cited by 62 | Viewed by 35914

Abstract

The modern industrial food supply system faces many major environmental and social sustainability challenges. Regional food systems, in which consumers prefer geographically proximate food producers, offer a response to these challenges. However, the costs associated with distributing food from many small-scale producers to [...] Read more.

The modern industrial food supply system faces many major environmental and social sustainability challenges. Regional food systems, in which consumers prefer geographically proximate food producers, offer a response to these challenges. However, the costs associated with distributing food from many small-scale producers to consumers have been a major barrier to long-term regional food system success. Logistics best practices from conventional supply chains have the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of regional food supply chains (RFSCs). This paper provides a structured and in-depth review of the existing literature on RFSC logistics, including recommended and implemented best practices. The purpose of the review is to provide RFSC researchers and practitioners with convenient access to valuable information and knowledge derived from years of experimentation and research. This information will help to inform practitioners’ implementation decisions and to increase researchers’ awareness of the existing work on RFSC logistics, the unmet needs of practitioners, and topics that have not been fully explored, yielding insights into potential future directions for RFSC research. The overarching aim of the paper is to facilitate improvements in RFSC logistics, thereby improving regional food system viability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agribusiness and Food Supply Chain)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3693 KiB

Open AccessReview

Earth Observation-Based Operational Estimation of Soil Moisture and Evapotranspiration for Agricultural Crops in Support of Sustainable Water Management

by George P. Petropoulos^1,2,*

, Prashant K. Srivastava³

, Maria Piles⁴

and Simon Pearson⁵

¹ Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Aberystwyth, Wales SY23 2DB, UK

² School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece

³ Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India

⁴ Image Processing Lab (IPL), Universitat de València, 46980 València, Spain

⁵ Lincoln Institute for Agri-Food Technology, The University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010181 - 12 Jan 2018

Cited by 60 | Viewed by 6561

Abstract

Global information on the spatio-temporal variation of parameters driving the Earth’s terrestrial water and energy cycles, such as evapotranspiration (ET) rates and surface soil moisture (SSM), is of key significance. The water and energy cycles underpin global food and water security and need [...] Read more.

Global information on the spatio-temporal variation of parameters driving the Earth’s terrestrial water and energy cycles, such as evapotranspiration (ET) rates and surface soil moisture (SSM), is of key significance. The water and energy cycles underpin global food and water security and need to be fully understood as the climate changes. In the last few decades, Earth Observation (EO) technology has played an increasingly important role in determining both ET and SSM. This paper reviews the state of the art in the use specifically of operational EO of both ET and SSM estimates. We discuss the key technical and operational considerations to derive accurate estimates of those parameters from space. The review suggests significant progress has been made in the recent years in retrieving ET and SSM operationally; yet, further work is required to optimize parameter accuracy and to improve the operational capability of services developed using EO data. Emerging applications on which ET/SSM operational products may be included in the context specifically in relation to agriculture are also highlighted; the operational use of those operational products in such applications remains to be seen. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Agriculture Technologies for a Sustainable Future: Current Trends and Perspectives)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 20267 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Race to Document Archaeological Sites Ahead of Rising Sea Levels: Recent Applications of Geospatial Technologies in the Archaeology of Polynesia

by Mark D. McCoy

Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750336, Dallas, TX 75275-0336, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010185 - 13 Jan 2018

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 7952

Abstract

Marine environments are rich in natural resources, and therefore, have been targeted for human occupation from at least the Pleistocene. In the modern day, the preservation and documentation of the physical archaeological evidence of human occupation and use of coasts, islands, and the [...] Read more.

Marine environments are rich in natural resources, and therefore, have been targeted for human occupation from at least the Pleistocene. In the modern day, the preservation and documentation of the physical archaeological evidence of human occupation and use of coasts, islands, and the ocean must now include mitigating the impacts of global climate change. Here, I review recent efforts to document archaeological sites across the islands of Polynesia using geospatial technology, specifically remote sensing, high-resolution documentation, and the creation of archaeological site geodatabases. I discuss these geospatial technologies in terms of planning for likely future impacts from sea level rise; a problem that will be felt across the region, and based on current evidence, will affect more than 12% of all known sites in New Zealand (Aotearoa). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geospatial Technologies for Sustainable Natural Resources)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

32 pages, 6719 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Comprehensive Review of Thermal Energy Storage

by Ioan Sarbu^*

and Calin Sebarchievici

Department of Building Services Engineering, Polytechnic University of Timisoara, Piata Victoriei, No. 2A, 300006 Timisoara, Romania

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010191 - 14 Jan 2018

Cited by 980 | Viewed by 73444

Abstract

Thermal energy storage (TES) is a technology that stocks thermal energy by heating or cooling a storage medium so that the stored energy can be used at a later time for heating and cooling applications and power generation. TES systems are used particularly [...] Read more.

Thermal energy storage (TES) is a technology that stocks thermal energy by heating or cooling a storage medium so that the stored energy can be used at a later time for heating and cooling applications and power generation. TES systems are used particularly in buildings and in industrial processes. This paper is focused on TES technologies that provide a way of valorizing solar heat and reducing the energy demand of buildings. The principles of several energy storage methods and calculation of storage capacities are described. Sensible heat storage technologies, including water tank, underground, and packed-bed storage methods, are briefly reviewed. Additionally, latent-heat storage systems associated with phase-change materials for use in solar heating/cooling of buildings, solar water heating, heat-pump systems, and concentrating solar power plants as well as thermo-chemical storage are discussed. Finally, cool thermal energy storage is also briefly reviewed and outstanding information on the performance and costs of TES systems are included. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solar Photovoltaic Electricity)

▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

15 pages, 1397 KiB

Open AccessReview

How Could Companies Engage in Sustainable Landscape Management? An Exploratory Perspective

by Paul Opdam^1,2,* and Eveliene Steingröver¹

¹ Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands

² Land Use Planning Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010220 - 16 Jan 2018

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6272

Abstract

Current concepts that aim to align economic development with sustainability, such as the circular and green economy, often consider natural systems as externalities. We extend the green economy concept by including the landscape as the provider of social, economic and environmental values. Our [...] Read more.

Current concepts that aim to align economic development with sustainability, such as the circular and green economy, often consider natural systems as externalities. We extend the green economy concept by including the landscape as the provider of social, economic and environmental values. Our aim is to explore how companies could engage in creating landscape-inclusive solutions for sustainable landscapes. We propose a conceptual model of the relationship between companies and landscape services based on a demand for landscape benefits by companies, implications for wider society. We present a short overview of how scientists addressed the role of companies in landscape-inclusive solutions. We also give some examples taken from the World Wide Web to illustrate the variety of ways in which companies already invest in landscape services. Our findings suggest that the relationship between companies and landscapes is not yet strongly recognized in sustainability science. However, examples from practice show that some companies do recognize the added values of landscape services, to the extent that they invest in landscape management. We conclude that future research should provide information on the added value of landscape-inclusive solutions to companies, and increase their capacity to engage in regional social–ecological networks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Landscape Management)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 374 KiB

Open AccessReview

Organizational Sustainability Practices: A Study of the Firms Listed by the Corporate Sustainability Index

by Alamo Alexandre da Silva Batista^* and Antonio Carlos de Francisco

Department of Production Engineering, UTFPR—Federal University of Technology—Paraná, Av. Monteiro Lobato, km 04, 84016-210 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010226 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 115 | Viewed by 16411

Abstract

Organizational sustainability (OS) has been guiding the decision-making process of managers in order to generate competitive advantage. This paper aims to identify the sustainable practices performed by large corporations in the implementation of OS. Reports with actions performed by large organizations and their [...] Read more.

Organizational sustainability (OS) has been guiding the decision-making process of managers in order to generate competitive advantage. This paper aims to identify the sustainable practices performed by large corporations in the implementation of OS. Reports with actions performed by large organizations and their reach in the three pillars of sustainability—environmental, economic, and social dimensions—are disclosed to their main stakeholders, based on short, medium and long-term sustainable goals. These reports often reflect the progress of OS or the progress made toward them. However, few studies investigate the sustainable practices adopted by firms and their reproducibility. A search was performed in reports selected from the firms listed by the Corporate Sustainability Index (CSI) from 2012–2016, belonging to the Brazilian stock market in services sector of the economy and employed the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) methodology. The results showed the strategic planning involving infrastructure, environment, human resources, product innovation, organizational management and deadline setting acted as the baseline for the implementation of the practices found. The findings will guide the managers´ decisions in the development of their strategic planning, based on practical and objective results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmentally Sustainable Competitive Strategies)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 722 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review and Analysis of Alternatives for the Valorisation of Agro-Industrial Olive Oil By-Products

by Julio Berbel^1,*

and Alejandro Posadillo²

¹ Water, Environmental and Agricultural Resources Economics (WEARE) Research Group, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain

² Seneca Green Catalyst, S.L., 14014 Córdoba, Spain

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 237; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010237 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 189 | Viewed by 13306

Abstract

By-products and waste from olive production (agriculture) and the olive oil industry (mills and refineries) are an important environmental issue in Mediterranean areas. Industrial waste and by-products contain highly valuable components that can also be phytotoxic. This article reviews recent research on the [...] Read more.

By-products and waste from olive production (agriculture) and the olive oil industry (mills and refineries) are an important environmental issue in Mediterranean areas. Industrial waste and by-products contain highly valuable components that can also be phytotoxic. This article reviews recent research on the valorisation of olive by-products under the bioeconomy strategy. The alternatives are classified according to the ‘bioeconomy value pyramid’, which prioritises higher value uses over the current energy and compost valorisation. Special attention is paid to the use of these by-products for animal feed that can be improved by reducing the content of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and increase the polyunsaturated fatty acids amount considered beneficial in response to their use; this makes the food healthier for humans while simultaneously reducing feeding costs and the environmental impact of livestock. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reducing Agricultural and Food Waste: Implications for Biodiversity and the Environment)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2608 KiB

Open AccessReview

Injuries of Repetitive Efforts in Workers from the Poultry Meat Industry: A Bibliometric Analysis of Literature

by Alexandre Crespo Coelho S. Pinto^1,2,*

, Diego Augusto Santos Silva³, Leonardo Ensslin⁴, Pedro Ferreira Reis⁵, José Mohamud Vilagra^6,7, Lizandra G. Lupi Vergara¹ and Antônio R. Pereira Moro^1,3

¹ Doctoral Program in Production Engineering and Systems, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil

² Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pampa-UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana 97501-970, Brazil

³ Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil

⁴ Post-Graduate Program in Administration, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88137-272, Brazil

⁵ Department of Physical Therapy, University Center of Foz do Iguaçu, Foz do Iguaçu 85863-720, Brazil

⁶ Department of Physical Therapy, State University of West Paraná, Cascavel 85819-110, Brazil

⁷ Department of Physical Therapy, University Center Assis Gurgacz, Cascavel 85806-095, Brazil

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010250 - 19 Jan 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5511

Abstract

Injuries of repetitive efforts constitute one of the prime causes of absenteeism in the workplace, bear a considerable cost for the public health system and can cast doubt on the sustainability of a company. The objective of this paper is to build, in [...] Read more.

Injuries of repetitive efforts constitute one of the prime causes of absenteeism in the workplace, bear a considerable cost for the public health system and can cast doubt on the sustainability of a company. The objective of this paper is to build, in the researchers, the needed knowledge to choose a set of relevant scientific articles about repetitive strain injuries in the poultry meat industry, aiming to identify characteristics in those scientific publications that have the potential to contribute to the topic of this paper. The research is characterized as exploratory-descriptive, and draws on primary and secondary data sources. The study involves the application of a method for the selection and analysis of the selected articles. To this end, the method utilized was the knowledge development process—constructivist (Proknow-C), as the theoretical intervention instrument. Within the process development, a portfolio of 16 articles aligned to the research and scientifically recognized with the main periodicals, papers, authors and keywords was obtained. The ProKnow-C process allowed us to identify opportunities in the literature about injuries in the poultry meat industry and showed opportunities for future research. This paper, under the constructivist perspective, presents a structured process to build, in the researcher, the necessary knowledge for the identification, selection and analysis of relevant scientific articles relating to research context and, for these articles, find prominences and opportunities for a research theme without similar publications. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

42 pages, 3089 KiB

Open AccessReview

Organic versus Conventional Cropping Sustainability: A Comparative System Analysis

by Tiffany L. Fess

and Vagner A. Benedito^*

Division of Plant & Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010272 - 21 Jan 2018

Cited by 93 | Viewed by 23948

Abstract

We are at a pivotal time in human history, as the agricultural sector undergoes consolidation coupled with increasing energy costs in the context of declining resource availability. Although organic systems are often thought of as more sustainable than conventional operations, the lack of [...] Read more.

We are at a pivotal time in human history, as the agricultural sector undergoes consolidation coupled with increasing energy costs in the context of declining resource availability. Although organic systems are often thought of as more sustainable than conventional operations, the lack of concise and widely accepted means to measure sustainability makes coming to an agreement on this issue quite challenging. However, an accurate assessment of sustainability can be reached by dissecting the scientific underpinnings of opposing production practices and crop output between cropping systems. The purpose of this review is to provide an in-depth and comprehensive evaluation of modern global production practices and economics of organic cropping systems, as well as assess the sustainability of organic production practices through the clarification of information and analysis of recent research. Additionally, this review addresses areas where improvements can be made to help meet the needs of future organic producers, including organic-focused breeding programs and necessity of coming to a unified global stance on plant breeding technologies. By identifying management strategies that utilize practices with long-term environmental and resource efficiencies, a concerted global effort could guide the adoption of organic agriculture as a sustainable food production system. Full article

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Review

18 pages, 3356 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceProject Report

On the Sustainability and Progress of Energy Neutral Mineral Processing

by Frederik Reitsma^1,*

, Peter Woods¹

, Martin Fairclough¹, Yongjin Kim¹, Harikrishnan Tulsidas², Luis Lopez³, Yanhua Zheng⁴, Ahmed Hussein⁵, Gerd Brinkmann⁶, Nils Haneklaus⁷

, Anand Rao Kacham⁸, Tumuluri Sreenivas⁸, Agus Sumaryanto⁹, Kurnia Trinopiawan⁹, Nahhar Al Khaledi¹⁰, Ahmad Zahari¹¹, Adil El Yahyaoui¹², Jamil Ahmad¹³, Rolando Reyes¹⁴, Katarzyna Kiegiel¹⁵, Noureddine Abbes¹⁶, Dennis Mwalongo¹⁷ and Eduardo D. Greaves¹⁸ Show full author list Hide full author list

¹ International Atomic Energy Agency, VIC, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria

² United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva 1200, Switzerland

³ National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Av. del Libertador 8250, C1429BNP CABA, Argentina

⁴ Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology (INET), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

⁵ Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi-Kattamiya Road, P.O. Box 530, Cairo 11311, Egypt

⁶ BriVa Tech Consulting, Andreas Sapper Str. 15, 91334 Hemhofen, Germany

⁷ Institute for Reactor Safety and Reactor Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Kackertstr. 9, 52072 Aachen, Germany

⁸ Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, AMD Complex, Begumpet, Hyderabad 500016, India

⁹ National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Jalan Lebak Bulus Raya No. 9, Jakarta 12440, Indonesia

¹⁰ Radiation Protection Department, P.O. Box, Sharq Al-Qadeseyah 16087, Kuwait

¹¹ Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Kajang 43000, Malaysia

¹² Centre National de l’Énergie, des Sciences et des Technique Nucléaires, B.P. 1382, Route Principale, 10001 Rabat, Morocco

¹³ Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box 734, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan

¹⁴ Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box 213, 1101 Quezon City, Philippines

¹⁵ Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, Warsaw 00-019, Poland

¹⁶ Groupe Chimique Tunisien, Direction de Recherches, Gabes 6000, Tunisia

¹⁷ Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box 743, Arusha 0206, Tanzania

¹⁸ Universidad Simon Bolivar, P.O. Box 89000, 1080A Caracas, Venezuela

Show full affiliation list Hide full affiliation list

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 235; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010235 - 17 Jan 2018

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 8609

Abstract

A number of primary ores such as phosphate rock, gold-, copper- and rare earth ores contain considerable amounts of accompanying uranium and other critical materials. Energy neutral mineral processing is the extraction of unconventional uranium during primary ore processing to use it, after [...] Read more.

A number of primary ores such as phosphate rock, gold-, copper- and rare earth ores contain considerable amounts of accompanying uranium and other critical materials. Energy neutral mineral processing is the extraction of unconventional uranium during primary ore processing to use it, after enrichment and fuel production, to generate greenhouse gas lean energy in a nuclear reactor. Energy neutrality is reached if the energy produced from the extracted uranium is equal to or larger than the energy required for primary ore processing, uranium extraction, -conversion, -enrichment and -fuel production. This work discusses the sustainability of energy neutral mineral processing and provides an overview of the current progress of a multinational research project on that topic conducted under the umbrella of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nuclear Waste Management and Sustainability of Nuclear Systems)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 7608 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Participatory Public Service Design by Gov.3.0 Design Group

by Suhyun Baek¹

and Sunah Kim^2,*

¹ Graduate school of Consulting, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea

² Department of Industrial Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea

Sustainability 2018, 10(1), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010245 - 18 Jan 2018

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 7911

Abstract

Citizen satisfaction levels with public service have become a key indicator in evaluating a nation’s policy capability; as such, it has become important to realize citizen-centered public service that enhances the satisfaction of citizens. Governments need to adopt new and creative methods to [...] Read more.

Citizen satisfaction levels with public service have become a key indicator in evaluating a nation’s policy capability; as such, it has become important to realize citizen-centered public service that enhances the satisfaction of citizens. Governments need to adopt new and creative methods to respond to changes and redefine the conditions of their policy processes. This study reviews the effectiveness of utilizing open innovation by design thinking for policy processes, and aims to detail the conditions for a policy process geared towards citizen-centered public service. The study reviews open innovation as a means of overcoming the insular tendencies of organizations, and also reviews the advantages of design thinking in identifying the diversified needs of citizens and coordinating their interests. Based on those, we conducted a case study and applied open innovation by design thinking for policy processes. The results revealed that key conditions include cooperation among designers, the diversification of communication channels between internal and external organizations, the joining of citizen experiences, repeated verification of citizen needs, and visualization of the whole progression. Such conditions are principal factors that contribute to citizen orientation and participation, and are expected to play a conducive role in the realization of citizen-centered public service in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Economic Growth: Combining Technology, Market and Society)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Sustainability, Volume 10, Issue 1 (January 2018) – 277 articles

Editorial

Research

Review

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI