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Volume 17
Issue 14
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Sustainability, Volume 17, Issue 14 (July-2 2025) – 422 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): In this paper, Paul Chatterton and Stella Darby examine how local stakeholders in Leeds, UK, engage with climate action and navigate the complexities of a climate emergency. In their research, they identified three key trends: (1) redefining the climate emergency using longer term, holistic, and politicised perspectives beyond narrow scientific framings; (2) fostering disruptive, collaborative leadership that breaks down silos and supports novel institutions; and (3) embracing a reparative ethics of self-care and Earth-care, centred on climate justice and accountability to frontline communities. To develop more effective and hopeful local climate action, the authors recommend that stakeholders broaden definitions of the climate emergency, develop a strategic approach to making change, and prioritise climate justice and equity. View this paper
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26 pages, 5713 KiB  
Article
Enhancing the Energy Performance of Historic Buildings Using Heritage Building Information Modelling: A Case Study
by Mina Kakouei, Monty Sutrisna, Eziaku Rasheed and Zhenan Feng
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6655; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146655 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 586
Abstract
Heritage building conservation plays a special role in addressing modern sustainability challenges by preserving the cultural identity, retrofitting, restoring, and renovating these structures to improve energy performance, which is crucial for revitalisation. This research aims to use Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) to [...] Read more.
Heritage building conservation plays a special role in addressing modern sustainability challenges by preserving the cultural identity, retrofitting, restoring, and renovating these structures to improve energy performance, which is crucial for revitalisation. This research aims to use Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) to increase energy efficiency and environmental sustainability in historic buildings. Retrofitting heritage buildings presents unique challenges and opportunities to simultaneously reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions while maintaining historical integrity. Traditional approaches are often insufficient to meet heritage structures’ energy needs. Modern technologies such as information building modelling and energy simulations can offer solutions. HBIM is a vigorous digital framework that facilitates interdisciplinary collaboration and offers detailed insights into building restoration and energy modelling. HBIM supports the integration of thermal and energy efficiency measures while maintaining the authenticity of heritage architecture by creating a comprehensive database. Using a case study heritage building, this research demonstrates how retrofitting the different aspects of heritage buildings can improve energy performance. Evaluating the preservation of heritage buildings’ cultural and architectural values and the effectiveness of using HBIM to model energy performance offers a viable framework for sustainable retrofitting of heritage buildings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Tourism, Culture, and Heritage)
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46 pages, 1185 KiB  
Review
Shared Producer Responsibility for Sustainable Packaging in FMCG: The Convergence of SDGs, ESG Reporting, and Stakeholder Engagement
by Fotios Misopoulos and Priyanka Bajiraj
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6654; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146654 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 383
Abstract
Packaging waste is a major environmental issue, making the transition to sustainable solutions imperative. This article proposes the concept of Shared Producer Responsibility (SPR) as a key approach to advancing sustainable packaging in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector. The study explores how [...] Read more.
Packaging waste is a major environmental issue, making the transition to sustainable solutions imperative. This article proposes the concept of Shared Producer Responsibility (SPR) as a key approach to advancing sustainable packaging in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector. The study explores how the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting, and stakeholder engagement converge to support this transition. The research identifies current trends, challenges, and gaps in sustainable packaging practices through a systematic literature review (SLR) and analysis of sustainability and ESG reports from leading FMCG and packaging companies. The findings highlight the need for standardised reporting frameworks and improved stakeholder cooperation to enhance transparency and accountability in sustainability efforts. This study proposes a conceptual framework for accelerating sustainable packaging adoption through combining strategies like consumer education, regulatory incentives, and clear product labelling. The proposal to implement the concept of Shared Producer Responsibility emphasises the shared accountability of FMCG companies and packaging manufacturers in managing the full environmental lifecycle of packaging materials. This approach is crucial for achieving SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production) and SDG 13 (climate action) and driving more effective and sustainable packaging practices across the FMCG industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of Organization Performance for Economic and Business Aspects)
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19 pages, 857 KiB  
Article
Financial Technology Expenditure and Green Total Factor Productivity: Influencing Mechanisms and Threshold Effects
by Yalin Qi, Yanlin Lu, Huanyu Xu and Gang Sheng
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6653; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146653 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 288
Abstract
The integration of financial technology expenditures and green total factor productivity (GTFP) constitutes a critical impetus for sustainable economic advancement. This study employs provincial panel data from China (2012–2020) and uses the SBM model with undesirable outputs, the PVAR model, moderation effect analysis, [...] Read more.
The integration of financial technology expenditures and green total factor productivity (GTFP) constitutes a critical impetus for sustainable economic advancement. This study employs provincial panel data from China (2012–2020) and uses the SBM model with undesirable outputs, the PVAR model, moderation effect analysis, and threshold regression to investigate the underlying mechanisms and threshold effects of financial technology expenditure on GTFP. The results show that (1) financial technology expenditure has a significant promoting effect on the growth of GTFP, with a coefficient of 0.614 (p < 0.05), indicating the need for further increases in fiscal investment in science and technology; (2) the effect of financial technology expenditure on GTFP varies across the eastern, central, and western regions of China, with stronger effects observed in the eastern region, suggesting that the government should formulate differentiated financial technology expenditure policies on the basis of local conditions; and (3) that educational investment and industrial upgrading play strong moderating roles in the impact of financial technology expenditure on GTFP, with interaction term coefficients of 0.059 (p < 0.05) and 0.206 (p < 0.1), respectively. Threshold analysis further reveals that the positive effect strengthens significantly once educational investment surpasses a log value of 9.3674 and industrial upgrading exceeds a ratio of 0.0814. However, currently, China’s education investment and industrial structure upgrading are still insufficient, necessitating further increases in education investment and promoting the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Circular Economy and Sustainability)
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35 pages, 9965 KiB  
Review
Advances in Dissolved Organic Carbon Remote Sensing Inversion in Inland Waters: Methodologies, Challenges, and Future Directions
by Dandan Xu, Rui Xue, Mengyuan Luo, Wenhuan Wang, Wei Zhang and Yinghui Wang
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6652; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146652 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 288
Abstract
Inland waters, serving as crucial carbon sinks and pivotal conduits within the global carbon cycle, are essential targets for carbon assessment under global warming and carbon neutrality initiatives. However, the extensive spatial distribution and inherent sampling challenges pose fundamental difficulties for monitoring dissolved [...] Read more.
Inland waters, serving as crucial carbon sinks and pivotal conduits within the global carbon cycle, are essential targets for carbon assessment under global warming and carbon neutrality initiatives. However, the extensive spatial distribution and inherent sampling challenges pose fundamental difficulties for monitoring dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in these systems. Since 2010, remote sensing has catalyzed a technological revolution in inland water DOC monitoring, leveraging its advantages for rapid, cost-effective long-term observation. In this critical review, we systematically evaluate research progress over the past two decades to assess the performance of remote sensing products and existing methodologies in DOC retrieval. We provide a detailed examination of diverse remote sensing data sources, outlining their application characteristics and limitations. By tracing uncertainties in retrieval outcomes, we identify atmospheric correction, spatial heterogeneity, and model and data deficiencies as primary sources of uncertainty. Current retrieval approaches—direct, indirect, and machine learning (ML) methods—are thoroughly scrutinized for their features, effectiveness, and application contexts. While ML offers novel solutions, its application remains nascent, constrained by limited waterbody-specific samples and model constraints. Furthermore, we discuss current challenges and future directions, focusing on data optimization, feature engineering, and model refinement. We propose that future research should (1) employ integrated satellite–air–ground observations and develop tailored atmospheric correction for inland waters to reduce data noise; (2) develop deep learning architectures with branch networks to extract DOC’s intrinsic shortwave absorption and longwave anti-interference features; and (3) incorporate dynamic biogeochemical processes within study regions to refine retrieval frameworks using biogeochemical indicators. We also advocate for multi-algorithm collaborative prediction to overcome the spectral paradox and unphysical solutions arising from the single data-driven paradigm of traditional ML, thereby enhancing retrieval reliability and interpretability. Full article
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37 pages, 590 KiB  
Article
Testing Baumol’s Cost Disease in Tourism: Productivity, Prices, and Labor Costs in Selected EU Countries Amid COVID-19 and the Russo–Ukrainian War
by Zdravko Šergo, Jasmina Gržinić and Anita Silvana Ilak Peršurić
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6651; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146651 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 333
Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of the transition from manufacturing to tourism on sectoral productivity, output prices, and labor costs. Using panel data econometric models for 15 selected EU countries from 2011 to 2023, the study confirms key dynamics predicted by Baumol’s cost [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the impact of the transition from manufacturing to tourism on sectoral productivity, output prices, and labor costs. Using panel data econometric models for 15 selected EU countries from 2011 to 2023, the study confirms key dynamics predicted by Baumol’s cost disease (BCD) hypothesis. The findings reveal that higher productivity is positively associated with both implied prices and hourly labor costs across sectors, supporting the wage equalization mechanism central to BCD. However, the relationship between productivity and wages or prices is weaker in labor-intensive sectors like tourism, underscoring their structural vulnerability to wage-driven cost pressures. Additionally, the analysis captures the impact of major external shocks, including the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russo–Ukrainian war, treated as jointly sourced super-shocks. The regression results indicate significant price disruptions following these shocks, whereas no statistically significant trend in labor costs was detected in the post-treatment period. These results highlight the differential effects of external shocks on wages versus prices, emphasizing the challenges faced by low-productivity, labor-intensive sectors in managing cost dynamics. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers addressing sectoral imbalances in the context of BCD and navigating the economic consequences of global disruptions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Post-COVID-19-Pandemic Climate Change and Sustainable Tourism Management)
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21 pages, 1074 KiB  
Article
Modeling a Financial Controlling System for Managing Transfer Pricing Operations
by Oleksii Kalivoshko, Volodymyr Kraievskyi, Bohdan Hnatkivskyi, Alla Savchenko, Nikolay Kiktev, Valentyna Borkovska, Irina Kliopova, Krzysztof Mudryk and Pawel Pysz
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6650; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146650 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 425
Abstract
The management of transfer pricing operations is considered from the perspective of modeling financial and accounting processes for various organizations, using agricultural enterprises as an example. It is demonstrated that the execution of transfer pricing operations between related parties—which may function as responsibility [...] Read more.
The management of transfer pricing operations is considered from the perspective of modeling financial and accounting processes for various organizations, using agricultural enterprises as an example. It is demonstrated that the execution of transfer pricing operations between related parties—which may function as responsibility centers within an organizational holding structure—serves as a managerial lever influencing the financial income and expenses of individual business units. It is revealed that the developed model of managerial accounting for transfer pricing operations, grounded in tax compliance and the balancing of stakeholder interests, is based on two key aspects: first, to ensure the balanced development of the company’s business units, a list of key performance indicators (KPIs) is developed and integrated into a balanced scorecard (BSC), promoting the sustainable and stable operation and growth of the company; second, with access to this list of KPIs, the manager of each business unit can exert indirect influence over a segment of the final product’s value chain by selecting transfer prices that adhere to the arm’s length principle. The practical application of the proposed model is illustrated using previously formed economic operations from the research base. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)
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21 pages, 2260 KiB  
Article
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Mental Mode Management to Foster Pro-Environmental Behaviour and Reduce Climate Change Anxiety in French Adults
by Serena L. Colombo, Camille Lefrançois, Jacques Fradin, Salvatore G. Chiarella, Antonino Raffone and Luca Simione
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6649; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146649 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 359
Abstract
Addressing climate change requires not only knowledge but also psychological resilience. This study examined whether integrating Mental Mode Management (MMM) self-regulation training with climate education improves pro-environmental outcomes and emotional responses to climate change. In a randomised 2 × 2 design, 44 participants [...] Read more.
Addressing climate change requires not only knowledge but also psychological resilience. This study examined whether integrating Mental Mode Management (MMM) self-regulation training with climate education improves pro-environmental outcomes and emotional responses to climate change. In a randomised 2 × 2 design, 44 participants were assigned to either a control group (CG; n = 21), which received a six-week climate education programme, or an experimental group (MMM; n = 23), which received the same education plus MMM training. Pro-environmental attitudes, behaviours, carbon emissions, climate change anxiety, mindfulness, and executive functions were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. A follow-up was also conducted six months later. Both groups showed increased pro-environmental attitudes post-intervention (η2 = 0.3) and reduced food-related emissions (η2 = 0.107). No changes were observed in pro-environmental behaviour scores or global carbon footprint. While neither intervention affected overall climate anxiety or cognitive impairment, functional impairment increased in the CG and decreased in the MMM group (η2 = 0.177), with mindfulness facet acting with awareness moderating this effect. These findings contribute to sustainability research by showing that integrating climate education with psychological training enhances environmental awareness and fosters emotionally resilient engagement with climate challenges, supporting individual-level contributions to broader sustainability goals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)
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26 pages, 5595 KiB  
Article
Contemporary Parish Churches as Spatial Dominants and Elements of Young Cultural Heritage in the Urban Structure: The Case of Szczecin in the Context of Sustainable Development and the Protection of Urban and Cultural Heritage
by Dorota Janisio-Pawłowska
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6648; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146648 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 266
Abstract
This article analyzes the role of parish churches, erected after 1945, in shaping the urban and social structures of the Szczecin housing estates, examining their importance and impact on the surrounding space. This research focused on three groups of churches as spatial landmarks [...] Read more.
This article analyzes the role of parish churches, erected after 1945, in shaping the urban and social structures of the Szczecin housing estates, examining their importance and impact on the surrounding space. This research focused on three groups of churches as spatial landmarks and symbols of young heritage, analyzing their location, form, and social significance. The objective of the present research was to determine how contemporary churches perform a dominant function in space and how they affect the social identity of residents, to determine whether these churches can be considered objects of young cultural heritage. This work used field research, spatial and photographic analysis, and typological classification. Six selected churches were subjected to comparative analysis. The results indicate a clear impact of sacred architecture on public spaces and the need to formulate new monument protection strategies for contemporary sacred objects as elements of urban cultural heritage. This article fits into the current discussions on the creation of criteria for evaluating post-war architecture and its place in the structure of a developing city. We noticed the lack of tools and directions for the protection of young heritage, and suggested directions for the sustainable protection of contemporary buildings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Sustainable Conservation of Urban and Cultural Heritage)
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22 pages, 4859 KiB  
Article
Engineered Ceramic Composites from Electrolytic Manganese Residue and Fly Ash: Fabrication Optimization and Additive Modification Mechanisms
by Zhaohui He, Shuangna Li, Zhaorui Li, Di Zhang, Guangdong An, Xin Shi, Xin Sun and Kai Li
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6647; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146647 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 416
Abstract
The sustainable valorization of electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) and fly ash (FA) presents critical environmental challenges. This study systematically investigates the performance optimization of EMR-FA ceramic composites through the coordinated regulation of raw material ratios, sintering temperatures, and additive effects. While the composite [...] Read more.
The sustainable valorization of electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) and fly ash (FA) presents critical environmental challenges. This study systematically investigates the performance optimization of EMR-FA ceramic composites through the coordinated regulation of raw material ratios, sintering temperatures, and additive effects. While the composite with 85 g FA exhibits the highest mechanical strength, lowest porosity, and minimal water absorption, the formulation consisting of 45 wt% EMR, 40 wt% FA, and 15 wt% kaolin is identified as a balanced composition that achieves an effective compromise between mechanical performance and solid waste utilization efficiency. Sintering temperature studies revealed temperature-dependent property enhancement, with controlled sintering at 1150 °C preventing the over-firing phenomena observed at 1200 °C while promoting phase evolution. XRD-SEM analyses confirmed accelerated anorthite formation and the morphological transformations of FA spherical particles under thermal activation. Additive engineering demonstrated that 8 wt% CaO addition enhanced structural densification through hydrogrossular crystallization, whereas Na2SiO3 induced sodium-rich calcium silicate phases that suppressed anorthite development. Contrastingly, ZrO2 facilitated zircon nucleation, while TiO2 enabled progressive performance enhancement through amorphous phase modification. This work establishes fundamental phase–structure–property relationships and provides actionable engineering parameters for sustainable ceramic production from industrial solid wastes. Full article
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18 pages, 441 KiB  
Article
Do Economies Recover Their Fisheries? Evidence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve for Fish Stock Status
by Davor Mance, Dejan Miljenović and Ismar Velić
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6646; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146646 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 361
Abstract
The depletion of global fish stocks poses a major challenge to sustainable development, particularly in economies where marine resources are critical to livelihoods and food security. In this study, the relationship between economic development and the sustainability of fish stocks is examined using [...] Read more.
The depletion of global fish stocks poses a major challenge to sustainable development, particularly in economies where marine resources are critical to livelihoods and food security. In this study, the relationship between economic development and the sustainability of fish stocks is examined using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). We use panel data from 32 economies between 2002 and 2020 and analyze the fish stock status indicator (EPI_FSS) from the Environmental Performance Index, which captures the proportion of national catches from overfished or collapsed stocks. Using a dynamic panel approach and the generalized method of moments (GMM), we investigate how the human development index (HDI) and other socio-economic factors influence changes in the state of fish stocks. Our results show a statistically significant inverted-U-shaped (∩-shaped) relationship between the HDI and the state of fish stocks, suggesting that the deterioration of fish stocks increases at lower levels of development, but improves beyond a certain threshold. In addition, higher levels of foreign direct investment (FDI), education, and research and development (R&D) spending are associated with better outcomes for fish stocks. These results suggest that while early economic growth may put pressure on marine resources, sustained investment in human capital, innovation, and global integration is critical to promoting long-term marine sustainability. Full article
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22 pages, 2015 KiB  
Article
Using Sentiment Analysis to Study the Potential for Improving Sustainable Mobility in University Campuses
by Ewerton Chaves Moreira Torres and Luís Guilherme de Picado-Santos
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6645; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146645 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 267
Abstract
This study investigates public perceptions of sustainable mobility within university environments, which are important trip generation hubs with the potential to influence and disseminate sustainable mobility behaviors. Using sentiment analysis on 120,236 tweets from São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Lisbon, and Porto, tweets [...] Read more.
This study investigates public perceptions of sustainable mobility within university environments, which are important trip generation hubs with the potential to influence and disseminate sustainable mobility behaviors. Using sentiment analysis on 120,236 tweets from São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Lisbon, and Porto, tweets were classified into positive, neutral, and negative sentiments to assess perceptions across transport modes. It was hypothesized that universities would exhibit more positive sentiment toward active and public transport modes compared to perceptions of these modes within the broader city environment. Results show that active modes and public transport consistently receive higher positive sentiment rates than individual motorized modes, and, considering the analyzed contexts, universities demonstrate either similar (São Paulo) or more positive perceptions compared to the overall sentiment observed in the city (Rio de Janeiro, Lisbon, and Porto). Chi-square tests confirmed significant associations between transport mode and sentiment distribution. An exploratory analysis using topic modeling revealed that perceptions around bicycle use are linked to themes of safety, cycling infrastructure, and bike sharing. The findings highlight opportunities to promote sustainable mobility in universities by leveraging user sentiment while acknowledging limitations such as demographic bias in social media data and potential misclassification. This study advances data-driven methods to support targeted strategies for increasing active and public transport in university settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)
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25 pages, 1343 KiB  
Article
Is the Energy Quota Trading Policy a Solution to the Decarbonization of Energy Consumption in China?
by Mengyu Li, Bin Zhong and Bingnan Guo
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6644; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146644 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 272
Abstract
The energy quota trading policy is a pivotal market-oriented environmental regulation policy that propels the reform of the energy structure. Utilizing panel data from 30 provinces in China covering the period from 2012 to 2022, this study employed a difference-in-differences model to systematically [...] Read more.
The energy quota trading policy is a pivotal market-oriented environmental regulation policy that propels the reform of the energy structure. Utilizing panel data from 30 provinces in China covering the period from 2012 to 2022, this study employed a difference-in-differences model to systematically examine the influence of the energy quota trading policy on the decarbonization of energy consumption, and further explores two transmission mechanisms of green technology innovation and energy consumption intensity through mechanism tests. The study reveals several key findings: (1) The energy quota trading policy significantly enhances the decarbonization of energy consumption. (2) This policy encourages the adoption of clean energy by fostering green technological innovation and decreasing overall energy consumption. As a result, it makes a considerable contribution to the decarbonization process in energy usage. (3) The heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that in areas with low levels of industrialization and plentiful resources, as well as within the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the central and western regions, the effects of the policy are significantly more pronounced. Conversely, in regions characterized by high industrialization and limited resources, particularly in the eastern region, the effectiveness of the policy is comparatively diminished. Furthermore, this study not only offers empirical evidence supporting the optimization and enhancement of the energy quota trading policy but also presents recommendations for improving the trading market, regional policies, and fostering green technological innovation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Strategies for Sustainable Energy Transitions: Innovations and Reflections)
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21 pages, 2089 KiB  
Article
Assessing Port Connectivity from the Perspective of the Supply Chain: A Bayesian Network-Based Integrated Approach
by Yuan Ji, Jing Lu, Wan Su and Danlan Xie
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6643; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146643 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 351
Abstract
Maritime transportation is the backbone of global trade, with ports acting as pivotal nodes for the efficient and resilient movement of goods in international supply chains. However, most existing studies lack a systematic and integrated framework for assessing port connectivity. To address this [...] Read more.
Maritime transportation is the backbone of global trade, with ports acting as pivotal nodes for the efficient and resilient movement of goods in international supply chains. However, most existing studies lack a systematic and integrated framework for assessing port connectivity. To address this gap, this study develops an integrated Bayesian Network (BN) modeling approach that, for the first time, simultaneously incorporates international connectivity, port competitiveness, and hinterland connectivity within a unified probabilistic framework. Drawing on empirical data from 26 major coastal countries in Asia, the model quantifies the multi-layered and interdependent determinants of port connectivity. The results demonstrate that port competitiveness and hinterland connectivity are the dominant drivers, while the impact of international shipping links is comparatively limited in the current Asian context. Sensitivity analysis further highlights the critical roles of rail transport development and trade facilitation in enhancing port connectivity. The proposed BN framework supports comprehensive scenario analysis under uncertainty and offers targeted, practical policy recommendations for port authorities and regional planners. By systematically capturing the interactions among maritime, port, and inland factors, this study advances both the theoretical understanding and practical management of port connectivity. Full article
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25 pages, 4994 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Slope Stability Assessment Under Blast-Induced Ground Vibrations in Open-Pit Mines: A Pseudo-Static Limit Equilibrium Approach
by Sami Ullah, Gaofeng Ren, Yongxiang Ge, Muhammad Burhan Memon, Eric Munene Kinyua and Theoneste Ndayiragije
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6642; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146642 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 479
Abstract
Blasting is one of the most widely used and cost-effective techniques for rock excavation and fragmentation in open-pit mining, particularly for large-scale operations. However, repeated or poorly controlled blasting can generate excessive ground vibrations that threaten slope stability by causing structural damage, fracturing [...] Read more.
Blasting is one of the most widely used and cost-effective techniques for rock excavation and fragmentation in open-pit mining, particularly for large-scale operations. However, repeated or poorly controlled blasting can generate excessive ground vibrations that threaten slope stability by causing structural damage, fracturing of the rock mass, and potential failure. Evaluating the effects of blast-induced vibrations is essential to ensure safe and sustainable mining operations. This study investigates the impact of blasting-induced vibrations on slope stability at the Saindak Copper-Gold Open-Pit Mine in Pakistan. A comprehensive dataset was compiled, including field-monitored ground vibration measurements—specifically peak particle velocity (PPV) and key blast design parameters such as spacing (S), burden (B), stemming length (SL), maximum charge per delay (MCPD), and distance from the blast point (D). Geomechanical properties of slope-forming rock units were validated through laboratory testing. Slope stability was analyzed using pseudo-static limit equilibrium methods (LEMs) based on the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion, employing four approaches: Fellenius, Janbu, Bishop, and Spencer. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses quantified the influence of blasting parameters on slope behavior, and sensitivity analysis determined the cumulative distribution of slope failure and dynamic response under increasing seismic loads. FoS values were calculated for both east and west pit slopes under static and dynamic conditions. Among all methods, Spencer consistently yielded the highest FoS values. Under static conditions, FoS was 1.502 for the east slope and 1.254 for the west. Under dynamic loading, FoS declined to 1.308 and 1.102, reductions of 12.9% and 11.3%, respectively, as calculated using the Spencer method. The east slope exhibited greater stability due to its gentler angle. Correlation analysis revealed that burden had a significant negative impact (r = −0.81) on stability. Sensitivity analysis showed that stability deteriorates notably when PPV exceeds 10.9 mm/s. Although daily blasting did not critically compromise stability, the west slope showed greater vulnerability, underscoring the need for stricter control of blasting energy to mitigate vibration-induced instability and promote long-term operational sustainability. Full article
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22 pages, 1870 KiB  
Article
Promoting Sustainable Career Development in Inclusive Education: A Psychometric Study of Career Maturity Among Students with Special Educational Needs
by Fengzhan Gao, Lan Yang, Lawrence P. W. Wong, Qishuai Zhang, Kuen Fung Sin and Alessandra Romano
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6641; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146641 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 376
Abstract
Despite progress in inclusive education, students with Special Educational Needs (SEN) often lack valid, tailored tools for career assessment, limiting equitable transitions to adulthood and employment. Closing this gap is crucial for Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), which calls for quality and [...] Read more.
Despite progress in inclusive education, students with Special Educational Needs (SEN) often lack valid, tailored tools for career assessment, limiting equitable transitions to adulthood and employment. Closing this gap is crucial for Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), which calls for quality and inclusive educational opportunities. This study addresses this need by adapting and validating a 16-item Career Maturity Inventory-Form C (CMI-C) for Chinese post-secondary SEN students (n = 34) in vocational training in higher education. Rasch modeling, supported by exploratory factor analysis, indicated that a two-factor structure—‘career choice readiness’ and ‘intention to seek career consultation’—provided the best fit to the data, rather than the originally hypothesized four-factor model. The results were more consistent with a two-dimensional structure than with prior four-factor frameworks, though both were explored. Two poorly performing items were removed, resulting in a fourteen-item scale with acceptable item fit and reliability indices in this hard-to-reach group. This restructuring suggests constructs such as concern, confidence, and curiosity are closely linked in SEN populations, underscoring the value of context-sensitive assessment. The revised instrument demonstrated satisfactory model fit and internal consistency; however, convergent validity and practical utility should be interpreted cautiously given the modest sample size. While further validation in larger and more diverse samples is warranted, this study offers preliminary evidence for an adapted, inclusive assessment tool that aligns with SDG 4’s aim to promote equity and empower SEN students in educational and career pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Creating an Innovative Learning Environment)
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22 pages, 1663 KiB  
Article
Smart City: Information-Analytical Developing Model (The Case of the Visegrad Region)
by Tetiana Fesenko, Anna Avdiushchenko and Galyna Fesenko
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6640; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146640 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 325
Abstract
Assessing a city’s level of smartness according to global indices is a relatively new area of investigation. It is useful in encouraging a rethinking of urban digital strategies, although the different approaches to global smart city rankings have been subject to criticism. This [...] Read more.
Assessing a city’s level of smartness according to global indices is a relatively new area of investigation. It is useful in encouraging a rethinking of urban digital strategies, although the different approaches to global smart city rankings have been subject to criticism. This paper highlights the methodological features of constructing the Smart City Index (SCI) from the IMD (International Institute for Management Development) based on residents’ assessments, their satisfaction with electronic services, and their perception of the priority of urban infrastructure areas. The Central European cities of the Visegrad region (Prague/Czech Republic, Budapest/Hungary, Bratislava/Slovakia, Warsaw and Krakow/Poland) were chosen as the basis for an in-depth analysis. The architectonics, i.e., the internal system of constructing and calculating city rankings by SCI, is analyzed. A comparative analysis of the technology indicators (e-services) in five cities of the Visegrad region, presented in the SCI, showed the smart features of each city. The progressive and regressive trends in the dynamics of smartness in the cities in the Visegrad region were identified in five urban spheres indicated in the Index: Government, Activity, Health and Safety, Mobility, and Opportunities. This also made it possible to identify certain methodological gaps in the SCI in establishing interdependencies between the data on the residents’ perception of the priority of areas of life in a particular city and the residents’ level of satisfaction with electronic services. In particular, the structural indicators “Affordable housing” and “Green spaces” are not supported by e-services. This research aims to bridge this methodological gap by proposing a model for evaluating the e-service according to the degree of coverage of different spheres of life in the city. The application of the project, as well as cross-sectoral and systemic approaches, made it possible to develop basic models for assessing the value of e-services. These models can be implemented by municipalities to assess and monitor e-services, as well as to select IT projects and elaborate strategies for smart sustainable city development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Cities, Smart Governance and Sustainable Development)
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26 pages, 2162 KiB  
Article
Developing Performance Measurement Framework for Sustainable Facility Management (SFM) in Office Buildings Using Bayesian Best Worst Method
by Ayşe Pınar Özyılmaz, Fehmi Samet Demirci, Ozan Okudan and Zeynep Işık
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6639; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146639 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 479
Abstract
The confluence of financial constraints, climate change mitigation efforts, and evolving user expectations has significantly transformed the concept of facility management (FM). Traditional FM has now evolved to enhance sustainability in the built environment. Sustainable facility management (SFM) can add value to companies, [...] Read more.
The confluence of financial constraints, climate change mitigation efforts, and evolving user expectations has significantly transformed the concept of facility management (FM). Traditional FM has now evolved to enhance sustainability in the built environment. Sustainable facility management (SFM) can add value to companies, organizations, and governments by balancing the financial, environmental, and social outcomes of the FM processes. The systematic literature review revealed a limited number of studies developing a performance measurement framework for SFM in office buildings and/or other building types in the literature. Given that the lack of this theoretical basis inhibits the effective deployment of SFM practices, this study aims to fill this gap by developing a performance measurement framework for SFM in office buildings. Accordingly, an in-depth literature review was initially conducted to synthesize sustainable performance measurement factors. Next, a series of focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were organized to refine and verify the factors and develop a novel performance measurement framework for SFM. Lastly, consistency analysis, the Bayesian best worst method (BBWM), and sensitivity analysis were implemented to determine the priorities of the factors. What the proposed framework introduces is the combined use of two performance measurement mechanisms, such as continuous performance measurement and comprehensive performance measurement. The continuous performance measurement is conducted using high-priority factors. On the other hand, the comprehensive performance measurement is conducted with all the factors proposed in this study. Also, the BBWM results showed that “Energy-efficient material usage”, “Percentage of energy generated from renewable energy resources to total energy consumption”, and “Promoting hybrid or remote work conditions” are the top three factors, with scores of 0.0741, 0.0598, and 0.0555, respectively. Moreover, experts should also pay the utmost attention to factors related to waste management, indoor air quality, thermal comfort, and H&S measures. In addition to its theoretical contributions, the paper makes practical contributions by enabling decision makers to measure the SFM performance of office buildings and test the outcomes of their managerial processes in terms of performance. Full article
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16 pages, 502 KiB  
Article
Artificial Intelligence in Digital Marketing: Enhancing Consumer Engagement and Supporting Sustainable Behavior Through Social and Mobile Networks
by Carmen Acatrinei, Ingrid Georgeta Apostol, Lucia Nicoleta Barbu, Raluca-Giorgiana Chivu (Popa) and Mihai-Cristian Orzan
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6638; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146638 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 682
Abstract
This article explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in digital marketing through social and mobile networks and its role in fostering sustainable consumer behavior. AI enhances personalization, sentiment analysis, and campaign automation, reshaping marketing dynamics and enabling brands to engage interactively with [...] Read more.
This article explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in digital marketing through social and mobile networks and its role in fostering sustainable consumer behavior. AI enhances personalization, sentiment analysis, and campaign automation, reshaping marketing dynamics and enabling brands to engage interactively with users. A quantitative study conducted on 501 social media users evaluates how perceived benefits, risks, trust, transparency, satisfaction, and social norms influence the acceptance of AI-driven marketing tools. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), the findings show that social norms and perceived transparency significantly enhance trust in AI, while perceived benefits and satisfaction drive user acceptance; conversely, perceived risks and negative emotions undermine trust. From a sustainability perspective, AI supports the efficient targeting and personalization of eco-conscious content, aligning marketing with environmentally responsible practices. This study contributes to ethical AI and sustainable digital strategies by offering empirical evidence and practical insights for responsible AI integration in marketing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Marketing for Sustainable Development from the Aspect of the Business Models)
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35 pages, 10235 KiB  
Article
GIS-Driven Spatial Planning for Resilient Communities: Walkability, Social Cohesion, and Green Infrastructure in Peri-Urban Jordan
by Sara Al-Zghoul and Majd Al-Homoud
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6637; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146637 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 412
Abstract
Amman’s rapid population growth and sprawling urbanization have resulted in car-centric, fragmented neighborhoods that lack social cohesion and are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. This study reframes walkability as a climate adaptation strategy, demonstrating how pedestrian-oriented spatial planning can reduce vehicle [...] Read more.
Amman’s rapid population growth and sprawling urbanization have resulted in car-centric, fragmented neighborhoods that lack social cohesion and are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. This study reframes walkability as a climate adaptation strategy, demonstrating how pedestrian-oriented spatial planning can reduce vehicle emissions, mitigate urban heat island effects, and enhance the resilience of green infrastructure in peri-urban contexts. Using Deir Ghbar, a rapidly developing marginal area on Amman’s western edge, as a case study, we combine objective walkability metrics (street connectivity and residential and retail density) with GIS-based spatial regression analysis to examine relationships with residents’ sense of community. Employing a quantitative, correlational research design, we assess walkability using a composite objective walkability index, calculated from the land-use mix, street connectivity, retail density, and residential density. Our results reveal that higher residential density and improved street connectivity significantly strengthen social cohesion, whereas low-density zones reinforce spatial and socioeconomic disparities. Furthermore, the findings highlight the potential of targeted green infrastructure interventions, such as continuous street tree canopies and permeable pavements, to enhance pedestrian comfort and urban ecological functions. By visualizing spatial patterns and correlating built-environment attributes with community outcomes, this research provides actionable insights for policymakers and urban planners. These strategies contribute directly to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), by fostering more inclusive, connected, and climate-resilient neighborhoods. Deir Ghbar emerges as a model for scalable, GIS-driven spatial planning in rural and marginal peri-urban areas throughout Jordan and similar regions facing accelerated urban transitions. By correlating walkability metrics with community outcomes, this study operationalizes SDGs 11 and 13, offering a replicable framework for climate-resilient urban planning in arid regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Future Trends in Integrating Adaptation to Climate Change and Green Infrastructure in Planning Practice)
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22 pages, 430 KiB  
Article
Corporate Social Responsibility as a Buffer in Times of Crisis: Evidence from China’s Stock Market During COVID-19
by Dongdong Huang, Shuyu Hu and Haoxu Wang
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6636; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146636 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 439
Abstract
Prior research often portrays Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a coercive institutional force compelling firms to passively conform for legitimacy. More recent studies, however, suggest firms actively pursue CSR to gain sustainable competitive advantages. Yet, how and when CSR buffers firms against adverse [...] Read more.
Prior research often portrays Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a coercive institutional force compelling firms to passively conform for legitimacy. More recent studies, however, suggest firms actively pursue CSR to gain sustainable competitive advantages. Yet, how and when CSR buffers firms against adverse shocks of crises remains insufficiently understood. This study addresses this gap by using multiple regression analysis to examine the buffering effects of CSR investments during the COVID-19 crisis, which severely disrupted capital markets and firm valuation. Drawing on signaling theory and CSR literature, we analyze the stock market performance of China’s A-share listed firms using a sample of 2577 observations as of the end of 2019. Results indicate that firms with higher CSR investments experienced significantly greater cumulative abnormal returns during the pandemic. Moreover, the buffering effect is amplified among firms with higher debt burdens, greater financing constraints, and those operating in regions with stronger social trust and more severe COVID-19 impact. These findings are robust across multiple robustness checks. This study highlights the strategic value of CSR as a resilience mechanism during crises and supports a more proactive view of CSR engagement for sustainable development, complementing the traditional legitimacy-focused perspective in existing literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)
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37 pages, 3892 KiB  
Review
Sustainable Remediation Strategies and Technologies of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)-Contaminated Soils: A Critical Review
by Rosario Napoli, Filippo Fazzino, Federico G. A. Vagliasindi and Pietro P. Falciglia
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6635; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146635 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 626
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been reported to contaminate soil as a result of improper management of waste, wastewater, landfill leachate, biosolids, and a large and indiscriminate use of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), posing potential risks to human health. However, their high [...] Read more.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been reported to contaminate soil as a result of improper management of waste, wastewater, landfill leachate, biosolids, and a large and indiscriminate use of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), posing potential risks to human health. However, their high chemical and thermal stability pose a great challenge for remediation. As a result, there is an increasing interest in identifying and optimizing very effective and sustainable technologies for PFAS removal. This review summarizes both traditional and innovative remediation strategies and technologies for PFAS-contaminated soils. Unlike existing literature, which primarily focuses on the effectiveness of PFAS remediation, this review critically discusses several techniques (based on PFAS immobilization, mobilization and extraction, and destruction) with a deep focus on their sustainability and scalability. PFAS destruction technologies demonstrate the highest removal efficiencies; however, thermal treatments face sustainability challenges due to high energy demands and potential formation of harmful by-products, while mechanical treatments have rarely been explored at full scale. PFAS immobilization techniques are less costly than destruction methods, but issues related to the regeneration/disposal of spent sorbents should be still addressed and more long-term studies conducted. PFAS mobilization techniques such as soil washing/flushing are hindered by the generation of PFAS-laden wastewater requiring further treatments, while phytoremediation is limited to small- or medium-scale experiments. Finally, bioremediation would be the cheapest and least impactful alternative, though its efficacy remains uncertain and demonstrated under simplified lab-scale conditions. Future research should prioritize pilot- and full-scale studies under realistic conditions, alongside comprehensive assessments of environmental impacts and economic feasibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Management and Remediation of Contaminated Sites 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 2718 KiB  
Article
Effects of Replacing Nitrogen Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Maize Yield in Yunnan’s Red Soil
by Zhao Liu, Wen Ao, Shenghang Wu, Qiheng Deng, Hao Ren, Qiang Li, Hao Li and Peng Zhang
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6634; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146634 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 340
Abstract
Red soil regions commonly experience land degradation and low nutrient availability. Excessive fertilizer use in recent years has intensified these challenges, necessitating scientifically informed fertilization strategies to ensure agricultural sustainability. To identify optimal fertilization strategies for maize cultivation in Yunnan’s red soil regions, [...] Read more.
Red soil regions commonly experience land degradation and low nutrient availability. Excessive fertilizer use in recent years has intensified these challenges, necessitating scientifically informed fertilization strategies to ensure agricultural sustainability. To identify optimal fertilization strategies for maize cultivation in Yunnan’s red soil regions, this study conducted field experiments involving partial substitution of nitrogen fertilizer with organic manure to determine whether this approach improves soil health and boosts maize yield. Four treatments were compared in a randomized complete block design over one growing season: no fertilization (NF), soil testing and formula fertilization (STF), 15% organic fertilizer (swine manure) replacing nitrogen fertilizer (OF15), and 30% organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer (OF30). The results indicated that substituting organic fertilizer for nitrogen fertilizer reduced soil acidification while increasing total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (AP), thereby enhancing soil physicochemical properties. Maize grown under OF30 exhibited improved agronomic traits including plant height, stem diameter, ear height, and ear length. Additionally, the partial replacement of synthetic fertilizer with organic fertilizer notably increased maize yield and the weight of 100 grains, but there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) between OF15 and OF30. Moreover, the OF30 treatment generated the highest economic return of 25,981.73 CNY·ha−1. Correlation and principal component analyses revealed that substituting organic fertilizer for nitrogen fertilizer notably influenced total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), and yield, with maize yield positively correlated with TP and AP content. This study presents evidence that replacing 30% of nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer is a viable strategy to enhance soil health, maize productivity, and profitability in Yunnan’s red soil regions, providing a crucial scientific foundation to support sustainable agricultural development in the region. Full article
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18 pages, 589 KiB  
Article
Circular Model for the Valorization of Black Grape Pomace for Producing Pasteurized Red Must Enriched in Health-Promoting Phenolic Compounds
by Victoria Artem, Arina Oana Antoce, Elisabeta Irina Geana, Ancuta Nechita, Georgeta Tudor, Petronela Anca Onache and Aurora Ranca
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6633; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146633 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 396
Abstract
As compared to red wine technology, where pomace is macerated, the grape juices and musts are obtained by pressing the grapes and removing the pomace, thus removing an important source of antioxidant molecules. The objective of this study was to exploit the bioactive [...] Read more.
As compared to red wine technology, where pomace is macerated, the grape juices and musts are obtained by pressing the grapes and removing the pomace, thus removing an important source of antioxidant molecules. The objective of this study was to exploit the bioactive compounds from the black grape pomace and obtain a new food product, namely pasteurized red must with improved health-promoting properties. The study was conducted on four grape varieties for red wines—Fetească Neagră, Cabernet Sauvignon, Blauer Zweigelt, and Arcaș—each coming from a certain recognized Romanian vineyard, as follows: Murfatlar, Dealu Mare, Ștefănești-Argeș, and Iași, respectively. Both the must and the pomace extract used for each product were from the same variety and region. The recovery of polyphenols was achieved by macerating the pomace at ambient temperature, using solutions of ethanol in concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%. The results showed that the most efficient method of polyphenol recovery was obtained by using the ethanolic solution of 50%, which was selected for the subsequent stages of the study. The selected hydroalcoholic extract was concentrated by eliminating the solvent by roto evaporation and used as a source of supplementary bioactive compounds for the pasteurized must. The phenolic profiles of the musts enriched with phenolic extracts were determined by liquid chromatography, UHPLS-HRMS, revealing significant increases in the content of individual phenolic acids and other polyphenols. The phenolic extract recovered from the pomace significantly optimized the phenolic quality of the pasteurized must, thus contributing to the improvement of its nutritional value. The new product has a phenolic profile close to that of a red wine, but does not contain alcohol. Also, this technology is a sustainable method to convert grape waste into a safe, antioxidant-rich grape juice with potential health benefits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Research on Food Science and Food Technology)
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19 pages, 829 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Impact of Female Student’s Digital Intelligence on Sustainable Learning and Digital Mental Well-Being: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia
by Norah Muflih Alruwaili, Zaiba Ali, Mohd Shuaib Siddiqui, Asad Hassan Butt, Hassan Ahmad, Rahila Ali and Shaden Hamad Alsalem
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6632; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146632 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 502
Abstract
This study investigates the interplay between adaptive online learning, students’ digital intelligence, sustainable learning, and digital mental well-being among female university students in Saudi Arabia. In response to the growing reliance on digital platforms in higher education, a structured questionnaire was distributed via [...] Read more.
This study investigates the interplay between adaptive online learning, students’ digital intelligence, sustainable learning, and digital mental well-being among female university students in Saudi Arabia. In response to the growing reliance on digital platforms in higher education, a structured questionnaire was distributed via social media to capture student perceptions of their online learning experiences. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), the analysis revealed that while adaptive online learning is a critical enabler, its influence is most effective when mediated by students’ digital intelligence. The findings highlighted that students with higher digital intelligence are more likely to engage in sustainable learning practices and maintain better mental well-being in digital environments. Furthermore, innovative teaching practices were shown to strengthen these relationships, underscoring the importance of interactive and adaptive pedagogies. This research contributes to the growing discourse on digital education by emphasizing the importance of indirect pathways and learner-centred dynamics in shaping positive educational and psychological outcomes. This study offers practical and theoretical implications for educators, institutions, and policymakers aiming to create inclusive, resilient, and psychologically supportive digital learning environments. Future research is encouraged to examine these relationships across different cultural and institutional contexts and explore the longitudinal impacts of digital learning strategies. Full article
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20 pages, 1175 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Blockchain Adoption on Corporate Sustainable Development Performance: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms
by Xiaoling Yuan, Shi Shi and Qing Di
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6631; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146631 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 411
Abstract
To respond to China’s sustainable development goals, this study uses a dynamic panel data set (2009–2023) and the PSM-DID model to examine how blockchain adoption impacts corporate sustainable development performance (CSDP). The results show that blockchain significantly enhances CSDP by 9.8–12.3%, primarily through [...] Read more.
To respond to China’s sustainable development goals, this study uses a dynamic panel data set (2009–2023) and the PSM-DID model to examine how blockchain adoption impacts corporate sustainable development performance (CSDP). The results show that blockchain significantly enhances CSDP by 9.8–12.3%, primarily through two channels (reducing financing constraints by improving transparency and decreasing chairman-CEO duality) to optimize governance. Regional environmental regulation strengthens this relationship. Heterogeneity analysis reveals stronger impacts in unregulated industries, private firms, and central–western regions, while state-owned firms show policy-driven governance improvements. The study enriches the understanding of blockchain’s dual role in balancing efficiency and sustainability, offering insights for integrating digital technology into green policy frameworks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain for Sustainable Business Management: Innovations and Applications)
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27 pages, 2136 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Shared and Inclusive Governance on Environmental Sustainability at U.S. Universities
by Dragana Djukic-Min, James Norcross and Elizabeth Searing
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6630; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146630 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 406
Abstract
As climate change consequences intensify, higher education institutions (HEIs) have an opportunity and responsibility to model sustainable operations. This study examines how embracing shared knowledge and inclusion in sustainability decision making facilitates green human resource management (GHRM) efforts to invigorate organizational environmental performance. [...] Read more.
As climate change consequences intensify, higher education institutions (HEIs) have an opportunity and responsibility to model sustainable operations. This study examines how embracing shared knowledge and inclusion in sustainability decision making facilitates green human resource management (GHRM) efforts to invigorate organizational environmental performance. The study examines the effects of shared and inclusive governance on campus sustainability via a regression model and the mediating role of employee participation via a structural equation modeling approach. The results show that shared governance and inclusive governance positively predict the commitment of HEIs to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and campus engagement mediates these relationships, underscoring the importance of participation. These findings align with stakeholder theory in demonstrating that diverse voices in decision making can enhance commitment to organizational goals like sustainability. The findings also highlight the importance of shared and inclusive governance arrangements at college campuses not only for ethical reasons but also for achieving desired outcomes like carbon neutrality. For campus leaders striving to “green” their institutions, evaluating cross-departmental representation in governance structures and promoting inclusive cultures that make all students and staff feel welcome appear as important complements to GHRM practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Management for the Future of Education Systems)
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21 pages, 1475 KiB  
Article
An Analysis of the Compatibility Between Popular Carbon Footprint Calculators and the Canadian National Inventory Report
by Elizabeth Arif, Anupama A. Sharan and Warren Mabee
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6629; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146629 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 397
Abstract
Personal lifestyle choices contribute up to 75% of national emissions and yet the greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories included in the National Inventory Report (NIR) of Canada provide limited insight on these choices. Better insight can be found using carbon footprint calculators that estimate [...] Read more.
Personal lifestyle choices contribute up to 75% of national emissions and yet the greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories included in the National Inventory Report (NIR) of Canada provide limited insight on these choices. Better insight can be found using carbon footprint calculators that estimate individual emissions; however, they vary in regard to their input parameters, output data, and calculation methods. This study assessed five calculators, which are popular with the public, or compatibility with the Canadian NIR. A quantitative scoring matrix was developed to assess the output depth, academic proficiency, and effectiveness of the calculators to inform lifestyle changes, alongside NIR alignment. The results showed that the calculator with the overall highest cumulative score across all the comparative criteria was the one offered by Carbon Footprint Ltd. The other calculators that scored highly include CoolClimate Calculator and Carbon Independent. The potential of the calculators in regard to informing low-carbon lifestyles can be improved through the incorporation of more depth in terms of capturing the purchase information of goods and services and providing detailed secondary information to users, including mitigation strategies and carbon offset options. The main driver of incompatibility between the calculator tools and the NIR was the different approaches taken to the emissions inventory, with the NIR using a territorial framework and the calculators being consumption driven. The outcomes of this study demonstrate a global need for the evolution of NIR structuring to increase its relatability with citizens and for the improved standardization of publicly available tools. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Management)
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31 pages, 1606 KiB  
Article
Investments, Economics, Renewables and Population Versus Carbon Emissions in ASEAN and Larger Asian Countries: China, India and Pakistan
by Simona-Vasilica Oprea, Adela Bâra and Irina Alexandra Georgescu
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6628; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146628 - 20 Jul 2025
Viewed by 612
Abstract
Our research explores the dynamic relationship between CO2 emissions and four major influencing factors: foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth (GDP), renewable energy consumption (REN) and population (POP) in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and three large Asian countries—China, India [...] Read more.
Our research explores the dynamic relationship between CO2 emissions and four major influencing factors: foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth (GDP), renewable energy consumption (REN) and population (POP) in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and three large Asian countries—China, India and Pakistan, collectively referred to as LACs (larger Asian countries), from 1990 to 2022. The study has three main objectives: (1) to assess the short-run and long-run effects of GDP, FDI, REN and POP on CO2 emissions; (2) to compare the adjustment speeds and environmental policy responsiveness between ASEAN and LAC regions; and (3) to evaluate the role of renewable energy in mitigating environmental degradation. Against the backdrop of increasing environmental challenges and divergent development paths in Asia, this research contributes to the literature by applying a dynamic heterogeneous panel autoregressive distributed lag (panel ARDL) model. Unlike traditional static panel models, the panel ARDL model captures both long-run equilibrium relationships and short-run adjustments, allowing for country-specific dynamics. The results reveal a significant long-run cointegration among the variables. The error correction term (ECT) indicates a faster adjustment to equilibrium in LACs (−1.18) than ASEAN (−0.37), suggesting LACs respond more swiftly to long-run disequilibria in emissions-related dynamics. This may reflect more responsive policy mechanisms, stronger institutional capacities or more aggressive environmental interventions in LACs. In contrast, the slower adjustment in ASEAN highlights potential structural rigidities or delays in implementing effective policy responses, emphasizing the need for enhanced regulatory frameworks and targeted climate strategies to improve policy intervention efficiency. Results show that GDP and FDI increase emissions in both regions, while REN reduces them. POP is insignificant in ASEAN but increases emissions in LACs. These results provide insights into the relative effectiveness of policy instruments in accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy, highlighting the need for differentiated strategies that align with each country’s institutional capacity, development stage and energy structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Energy Economics, Energy Policy and Sustainability Transition)
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20 pages, 11386 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Source Dynamics of PM2.5 During Winter Haze Episodes Resolved by SPAMS: A Case Study in Yinchuan, Northwest China
by Huihui Du, Tantan Tan, Jiaying Pan, Meng Xu, Aidong Liu and Yanpeng Li
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6627; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146627 - 20 Jul 2025
Viewed by 413
Abstract
The occurrence of haze pollution significantly deteriorates air quality and threatens human health, yet persistent knowledge gaps in real-time source apportionment of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) hinder sustained improvements in atmospheric pollution conditions. Thus, this study employed single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry [...] Read more.
The occurrence of haze pollution significantly deteriorates air quality and threatens human health, yet persistent knowledge gaps in real-time source apportionment of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) hinder sustained improvements in atmospheric pollution conditions. Thus, this study employed single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) to investigate PM2.5 sources and dynamics during winter haze episodes in Yinchuan, Northwest China. Results showed that the average PM2.5 concentration was 57 μg·m−3, peaking at 218 μg·m−3. PM2.5 was dominated by organic carbon (OC, 17.3%), mixed carbonaceous particles (ECOC, 17.0%), and elemental carbon (EC, 14.3%). The primary sources were coal combustion (26.4%), fugitive dust (25.8%), and vehicle emissions (19.1%). Residential coal burning dominated coal emissions (80.9%), highlighting inefficient decentralized heating. Source contributions showed distinct diurnal patterns: coal combustion peaked nocturnally (29.3% at 09:00) due to heating and inversions, fugitive dust rose at night (28.6% at 19:00) from construction and low winds, and vehicle emissions aligned with traffic (17.5% at 07:00). Haze episodes were driven by synergistic increases in local coal (+4.0%), dust (+2.7%), and vehicle (+2.1%) emissions, compounded by regional transport (10.1–36.7%) of aged particles from northwestern zones. Fugitive dust correlated with sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) (p < 0.01), suggesting roles as carriers and reactive interfaces. Findings confirm local emission dominance with spatiotemporal heterogeneity and regional transport influence. SPAMS effectively resolved short-term pollution dynamics, providing critical insights for targeted air quality management in arid regions. Full article
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28 pages, 1761 KiB  
Article
What Drives or Hinders the Adoption of Sustainable Smart Logistics in Rural Areas?—A Mixed-Methods Analysis
by Yadong Li, Ning Ding, Tingting Zhao and Maowei Chen
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6626; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146626 - 20 Jul 2025
Viewed by 583
Abstract
Under the impetus of digital rural development and the rapid advancement of smart logistics, intelligent terminal delivery technologies are gradually expanding into rural areas. This study employs a three-phase mixed research approach to systematically investigate the factors influencing and mechanisms underlying rural residents’ [...] Read more.
Under the impetus of digital rural development and the rapid advancement of smart logistics, intelligent terminal delivery technologies are gradually expanding into rural areas. This study employs a three-phase mixed research approach to systematically investigate the factors influencing and mechanisms underlying rural residents’ willingness to adopt smart logistics in Hebei Province. In the first phase, grounded theory is employed to identify seven key perceived factors: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, sensitivity to collective evaluation, cultural conservatism, infrastructure quality, facilitating conditions, and technological trust. In the second phase, integrating the TAM and the UTAUT, this study incorporates context-specific variables and conducts empirical analysis using SEM and the bootstrap method on 451 valid questionnaire responses. The results indicate that all factors except infrastructure quality significantly influence adoption willingness, with cultural conservatism exerting a negative effect. In the third phase, fsQCA is applied to identify eight configurations that lead to high adoption willingness, further supplementing and enriching the explanatory power of the SEM results. This research expands the theoretical understanding of smart logistics technology adoption mechanisms in rural areas and offers practical guidance for the promotion and application of related technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Transport Based on Sustainable Transport Development)
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