Soft Asphalt and Double Otta Seal—Self-Healing Sustainable Techniques for Low-Volume Gravel Road Rehabilitation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Test Road Sections
2.1. Soft Asphalt
2.2. Double Otta Seal
3. Research Methodology
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Soft Asphalt
4.2. Double Otta Seal
4.3. Life Cycle Cost
5. Conclusions
- Longitudinal cracking was 10 to 25 times more severe than transverse cracking, depending on the technology (soft asphalt or double Otta Seal) and existing pavement structure composition. An adequate frost resistance of the whole pavement structure and bearing capacity of the base and subgrade (especially during the spring thaw), were vital for satisfactory pavement performance.
- Both technologies were able to self-heal during spring–summer. The healing effect was more than 13% and 19% on roads with soft asphalt and double Otta Seal, respectively. In addition, on some roads, all cracks observed in spring self-healed during summer.
- Three of five roads with soft asphalt (Nos. 1716, 4028, and 5235) and six of 13 roads with double Otta Seal (Nos. 1717, 4118, 2427, 3918, 4726, and 5017) were resistant to both longitudinal and transverse cracking (the average of cracking was less than 1%) independent of both AADT and ESALs. This might be related to the existing pavement structure composition and thickness, since during the design process, neither structure composition nor thickness were considered. Further evaluation and analysis of these factors will be conducted in future research.
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vaitkus, A.; Vorobjovas, V.; Tuminienė, F.; Gražulytė, J.; Čygas, D. Soft Asphalt and Double Otta Seal—Self-Healing Sustainable Techniques for Low-Volume Gravel Road Rehabilitation. Sustainability 2018, 10, 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010198
Vaitkus A, Vorobjovas V, Tuminienė F, Gražulytė J, Čygas D. Soft Asphalt and Double Otta Seal—Self-Healing Sustainable Techniques for Low-Volume Gravel Road Rehabilitation. Sustainability. 2018; 10(1):198. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010198
Chicago/Turabian StyleVaitkus, Audrius, Viktoras Vorobjovas, Faustina Tuminienė, Judita Gražulytė, and Donatas Čygas. 2018. "Soft Asphalt and Double Otta Seal—Self-Healing Sustainable Techniques for Low-Volume Gravel Road Rehabilitation" Sustainability 10, no. 1: 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010198
APA StyleVaitkus, A., Vorobjovas, V., Tuminienė, F., Gražulytė, J., & Čygas, D. (2018). Soft Asphalt and Double Otta Seal—Self-Healing Sustainable Techniques for Low-Volume Gravel Road Rehabilitation. Sustainability, 10(1), 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010198