As China’s urbanization process accelerates, the issue of air pollution becomes increasingly prominent and urgently requires improvement, based on the fact that environmental conditions such as meteorology and topography are difficult to change...
This study analyzes valuable information (image feature information) from pixel-based images to systematize the form generation process utilizing this information. Information in architecture is mainly used as an analytical tool for functional design...
The three-dimensional architecture of genomes is complex. It is organized as fibers, loops, and domains that form high-order structures. By using different chromosome conformation techniques, the complex relationship between transcription and genome...
Cells, the basic structures of all living organisms, reside in an extracellular matrix consisting of a complex three-dimensional architecture and interact with neighboring cells both mechanically and biochemically. Cell–cell and cell–extr...
Urban spatial form is a significant reference to getting to know cities and running the cities. The fractal theory is an effective means to quantify urban spatial form. Taking the buildings in the outer ring of Zhengzhou City as the research object,...
Although sheet-like materials have good electrochemical properties, they still suffer from agglomeration problems during the electrocatalytic process. Integrating two-dimensional building blocks into a hollow cage-like structure is considered as an e...
Programmable metamaterials are designed to tailor mechanical properties and stable configurations through the selection of geometric and material parameters. Here, a two-dimensional auxetic unit is combined with a bistable unit to create a three-dime...
Against the backdrop of global energy crises and accelerated urbanization, urban wind energy has garnered increasing attention through its integration with building environments. This study investigates the synergistic optimization of architectural p...
The first ideas generation of the architectural project has traditionally been carried out through sketches. Even though in recent decades models have also gained importance, their use is still restricted due to the time required to make them and the...
Modern expansion and three-dimensional growth are rapidly altering the morphological features of traditional cities. This morphological phenomenon fully reflects the internal organization mode and composition rules of modern cities. This study draws...
Three-dimensional LiDAR systems that capture point cloud data enable the simultaneous acquisition of spatial geometry and multi-wavelength intensity information, thereby paving the way for three-dimensional point cloud recognition and processing. How...
The results of a survey of the crystal structures of main group element compounds (M = tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and tellurium) for intermolecular M⋯Se secondary bonding interactions is presented. The identified M⋯Se interactions in 58 c...
The rapid growth of sophisticated malware, including polymorphic, metamorphic, and zero-day threats, has made traditional signature-based and heuristic detection methods increasingly insufficient in modern desktop computing environments. As cyber thr...
The main goal of this work is to develop an algorithm for visual presentation of information through light in three-dimensional space. The problem of controlling a large number of digital outputs at the same time using a very small number of control...
Three-dimensional laser scanning technology has been more mature, and its application fields are expanding. It is being used in key projects and important work such as ancient building recording, restoration and reconstruction. In this paper, the tec...
Machine learning, especially the GAN (Generative Adversarial Network) model, has been developed tremendously in recent years. Since the NVIDIA Machine Learning group presented the StyleGAN in December 2018, it has become a new way for designers to ma...
Although our knowledge of chromatin organization has advanced significantly in recent years, much about the relationships between different features of genome architecture is still unknown. Folding of mammalian genomes into spatial domains is thought...
As a representative of the scientific and technological achievements of the new era, the overall development of virtual reality (VR) technology is becoming increasingly refined, which provides new development ideas and technical support in the field...
This study examines a series of organic–inorganic crystal structures containing the periodate anion (IO4−) to clarify the nature of the anion–anion interactions that are frequently referred to as halogen bonds. Our analysis demonstr...
Floor plans are a central representational component of architectural design, operating in close relation to sections, elevations, and three-dimensional reasoning to support the production and understanding of architectural space. In this context, we...
The article concerns a parametric description of unconventional building forms roofed with folded sheeting transformed elastically into shells. The description supports the designer in the search for attractive forms and a rational use of materials....
Due to the rapid renovations of historical districts in the context of consumer society, contributing to the loss of city culture and identity, this paper describes the methodological study of the local schema concept on the renovations of architectu...
The title compound, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione (1), was synthesized by a hetero-cyclization reaction of 4-chlorophenyl isothiocyanate and formic hydrazide. Compound 1 was characterized by a single-crystal X-ray structur...
The Makara, a potent hybrid guardian figure from Indian architectural sculpture, poses a question for the study of artistic exchange: how did this complex motif travel across Asia and transform into a simplified painted emblem on Chinese export ceram...
Re-aligned recycled carbon fiber (rCF) yarns provide a complementary architecture to aligned rCF tapes, enabling load-path-oriented reinforcement placement with potential for automated near-net-shape preforming and three-dimensional formability. This...
Germanium (Ge) is a promising high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries; however, its practical application remains limited by substantial volume variation, unstable interfacial reactions, and rapid capacity degradation during repeated l...
The muqarnas are small pieces grouped together, adopting surprising three-dimensional forms. They are a symbol of identity of the 14th century Nasrid architecture at Alhambra in Granada. This research’s aim is to graphically analyze the plaster...
The implementation of new planting systems in almond (Prunus amygdalus (L.) Batsch, syn P. dulcis (Mill.)) orchards for more sustainable practices has made tree architecture increasingly relevant as an important selection trait in plant breeding. Mul...
In this review, a comprehensive overview of advances in the supramolecular complexes of carbohydrates and poorly soluble drugs is presented. Through the complexation process, poorly soluble drugs could be efficiently delivered to their desired destin...
Three-dimensional (3D) information technology has become an important technical support in digital heritage preservation practice. However, due to the lack of systematic quantitative research, it is difficult to form a comprehensive understanding of...
Examining the history of garden art since ancient times, we find many examples of linear tree layouts supporting orientation or being used for the purpose of composition. Allées gained special significance during the Baroque as dynamic and grandiose...
Two coordination polymers (CPs) with chemical formulas, [Ho2(C4O4)2(C2O4)(H2O)8]·4H2O (1) and [Ho(C4O4)1.5(H2O)3] (2), (C4O42− = dianion of squaric acid, C2O42− = oxalate), have been synthesized and their structures were determined...
The stratified relationship and mutual influence between the representation of the project and the form of built architecture manifest above all in the facade design by virtue of its natural rhetorical vocation. This is the case of the Casa dei Filip...
Phospholipid membranes surround the cell and its internal organelles, and their multicomponent nature allows the formation of domains that are important in cellular signalling, the immune system, and bacterial infection. Cytoplasmic compartments are...
Historic water infrastructure has often been treated primarily as a technical system, while its relationships with urban form, architectural organization, and everyday life have received less attention. Focusing on the old city of Mardin, this study...
Background: Corneal organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells have emerged as powerful tools for studying corneal development, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine applications. While previous protocols have successfully generated corneal...
The microstructure plays a crucial role in determining the properties of metallic materials, in terms of both their strength and functionality in various conditions. In the context of the formation of microstructure, phase transformations that occur...
Metallic biomaterials play essential roles in modern medical devices, but their long-term performance depends critically on protein adsorption and subsequent cellular responses at material interfaces. This review examines the molecular mechanisms gov...
Over the course of the twentieth century, and during the initial decades of the twenty-first century, the anatomical arrangement of the cardiomyocytes making up the ventricular walls has become a highly contentious topic. At the beginning of the twen...
Low molecular weight gelators, LMWGs, are small molecules that can self-associate in organic solvents or in water to form fibrous supramolecular architectures and three-dimensional networks that present important applications in several fields. Altho...
Organic–inorganic hybrid flexible perovskite solar cells (F-PSCs) have garnered considerable interest owing to their exceptional power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stable operational characteristics. However, F-PSCs continue to exhibit signi...
Mapping constitutes a critical component of architectural heritage research, providing the groundwork for both conservation and utilization efforts. Three-dimensional (3D) digital documentation represents a prominent form of mapping in the contempora...
This article covers the subject of illusory exposure of non-existent architectural objects in their original location. The authors believe that this specific conservation method is a way to disseminate knowledge about the past architectural landscape...
SfM (structure from motion) photogrammetry is a technique developed in the field of computer vision that enables the generation of three-dimensional (3D) models from a set of overlapping images captured from disparate angles. The application of this...
Natural materials are generally damage adaptive through their multilevel architectures, with the characteristics of compositional and mechanical gradients. This study demonstrated that the desired elastic gradient can be in-situ stress-induced in a t...
We describe the synthesis and the structural characterization of new H2L(CF3CO2)2 (1) and H2L(Ph2PO4)2 (2) compounds containing the diprotonated form (H2L2+) of the tetrazine-based molecule 3,6-di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. X-ray diffraction (X...
This study employs Western Anhui as a case study, establishing a three-dimensional quantitative analytical framework comprising ‘genetic map analysis—architectural feature coding—distribution pattern analysis’ to systematicall...
Cu@Si core–shell nanowire thin films with a Cu3Si interface between the Cu and Si were synthesized by slurry casting and subsequent magnetron sputtering and investigated as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. In this constructed core–shell arc...
Conventional petroleum-based plastic packaging is facing formidable challenges in terms of both environmental sustainability and precise quality regulation of food products, compelling the food packaging industry to pivot toward biodegradable, recycl...
Three-dimensional architectural greening (TAG) enables the integration of ecological, economic, and social advantages via the effective use of multidimensional space in a variety of forms, making it a significant method for enhancing spatial quality...
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