Engineering Proceedings

8 pages, 1981 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Breakdown Characteristics of Unequal Sphere–Sphere Electrode Configuration Under DC Stress

by Indhulekha Jayachandran and Gowrishankar Shanmugam

Eng. Proc. 2025, 95(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025095012 - 13 Jun 2025

Failure of air gap insulation is one of the prominent issues in insulation coordination for outdoor applications. Though uniform electric field distribution is desirable, the difficulty in achieving it often makes insulation engineers settle for weakly non-uniform fields. One of the electrode systems [...] Read more.

Failure of air gap insulation is one of the prominent issues in insulation coordination for outdoor applications. Though uniform electric field distribution is desirable, the difficulty in achieving it often makes insulation engineers settle for weakly non-uniform fields. One of the electrode systems known for its weakly non-uniform field is sphere gap, which is reliable due to its standardized breakdown characteristics. Though the breakdown characteristics of spheres with the same diameter are widely studied and standardized, spheres with unequal diameters have received minimal attention. In this paper, an attempt is made to study the breakdown characteristics of unequal spheres under DC stress in atmospheric air. The experimental breakdown studies were conducted for different spacings of spheres with unequal diameters of 100 mm, 50 mm, and 20 mm. The electric field variation for the experimental combination of sphere gaps and their corresponding utilization factors were computed using ANSYS 2024 R1. The results obtained were compared with the standard sphere gap. An unequal sphere gap has a non-uniform electric field distribution and a lower utilization factor compared to the standard sphere gap. It appears that the larger sphere experiences the maximum electric field, regardless of whether it is high-voltage or ground electrode. However, its breakdown characteristics are found to be comparable with standard sphere gap up to certain gap spacing under DC voltage. Full article

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1 pages, 147 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Statement of Peer Review

by Adriana Rossi

Eng. Proc. 2025, 96(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025096012 - 13 Jun 2025

Abstract

In submitting conference proceedings to Engineering Proceedings, the Volume Editors certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have undergone peer review administered by the Volume Editors [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of Discovering Pompeii: From Effects to Causes—From Surveying to the Reconstructions of Ballistae and Scorpiones)

6 pages, 182 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Preface: IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025

by Dragan Vujadinović, Milorad Tomić, Vesna Gojković Cvjetković, Milan Vukić, Milenko Smiljanić, Mitar Perušić, Slavko Smiljanić, Jelena Vuković, Milomirka Obrenović, Nebojša Vasiljević and Milenko Aćimović

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099011 - 13 Jun 2025

Abstract

The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025 took place in Ethno Village Stanišići, Bijeljina, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from 2 to 4 April 2025 [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

14 pages, 1599 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Values of Reused Unused Space Under Bridges

by Huang-Liang Lee, Yi-Han Lin and Wen-Bor Lu

Eng. Proc. 2025, 98(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025098010 - 13 Jun 2025

Abstract

In the development of the city, land planning must be precise and collective, emphasizing the multi-functional usability of space. The space under bridges can be utilized for urban development. However, the space under bridges has been researched only based on the theoretical operation [...] Read more.

In the development of the city, land planning must be precise and collective, emphasizing the multi-functional usability of space. The space under bridges can be utilized for urban development. However, the space under bridges has been researched only based on the theoretical operation of space, and the psychological values of the attributes of the space under bridges held by users have been rarely studied. Therefore, we explored the attributes of the space under bridges using the critical chain method and interviews with the stakeholders. The characteristic attributes were identified with regional implications. The attributes need to be considered in the spatial planning to enhance the space utilization under bridges. The results of this study present important information for policymakers or designers to plan the use of space. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 4th International Conference on Social Sciences and Intelligence Management (SSIM 2024))

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7 pages, 836 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Effect of Fly Ash Nanoparticles on Foam Stability for CO₂ Flooding

by Gadis Wahyu Ramadhani, Syahrir Ridha, Astra Agus Pramana, Dara Ayuda Maharsi, Mohammad Yusuf and Hussameldin Ibrahim

Eng. Proc. 2024, 76(1), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024076111 - 12 Jun 2025

Abstract

Foam–CO₂ EOR Flooding is not very successful if unaccompanied by foam stabilizers such as nanoparticle fly ash (NFA). This study was conducted to determine the effect of NFA on foam stability by considering particle characteristics using the Bulk Foam Method as an [...] Read more.

Foam–CO₂ EOR Flooding is not very successful if unaccompanied by foam stabilizers such as nanoparticle fly ash (NFA). This study was conducted to determine the effect of NFA on foam stability by considering particle characteristics using the Bulk Foam Method as an additional condition. The test resulted in half-life times, which showed that in the absence of NFA, when oil was added, it was 211.5 s, and in salinity conditions, it was 232.5 s. This succeeds in improving half-life times to 226 s (with oil) and 241.5 s (with salinity) by adding NFA-Type F. For further research, conducting tests using reservoir conditions is recommended. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Industrial, Manufacturing, and Process Engineering (ICIMP-2024))

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8 pages, 2399 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Influence of Marble Dust on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Injection Molded Polypropylene Composites

by Rajhans Meena, Abdul Wahab Hashmi, Shadab Ahmad, Faiz Iqbal, Anoj Meena, Mohammad Yusuf and Hussameldin Ibrahim

Eng. Proc. 2024, 76(1), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024076110 (registering DOI) - 12 Jun 2025

Abstract

This study explores the use of Polypropylene (PP) as a cost-effective matrix in composite materials, employing marble dust (MD) as a readily available filler. PP’s affordability and suitable strength make it ideal for various applications. MD, composed of CaCO₃, alumina, and [...] Read more.

This study explores the use of Polypropylene (PP) as a cost-effective matrix in composite materials, employing marble dust (MD) as a readily available filler. PP’s affordability and suitable strength make it ideal for various applications. MD, composed of CaCO₃, alumina, and silica, enhances mechanical strength and is commonly used in construction applications like concrete. Composite specimens were fabricated using the injection molding technique, and their mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and compressive strength) were analyzed following ASTM standards. Tribological properties were assessed through a pin-on-disc apparatus with varying MD proportions. SEM and EDS analyses visually inspected the fracture types and filler distribution in the composites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Industrial, Manufacturing, and Process Engineering (ICIMP-2024))

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9 pages, 650 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Root Cause Analysis of Oil Losses in Press Machines Using Fault Tree Analysis Method

by Nismah Panjaitan, Juni Arta Lubis, Niken Kristin Silitonga and Muhammad Zaky Faris

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084096 - 12 Jun 2025

Abstract

A palm oil company based in Bangka is actively expanding its operations in the palm oil processing industry. The company specializes in producing crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel, with its production process encompassing five key stages: weighing, sterilization, threshing, pressing, and [...] Read more.

A palm oil company based in Bangka is actively expanding its operations in the palm oil processing industry. The company specializes in producing crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel, with its production process encompassing five key stages: weighing, sterilization, threshing, pressing, and clarification. Oil loss, especially at the pressing station, is one of the company’s biggest problems. Nuts, fibers, empty bunches, and effluent are some of the sources of oil loss in CPO production. Since extreme losses that exceed set norms can cause serious inefficiencies and financial repercussions, it is imperative that the organization identifies and mitigates the underlying causes of oil loss. One option that the business could use is the fault tree analysis (FTA) method, which offers a methodical way to pinpoint the root causes of production inefficiencies to solve this problem. According to current assessments, empty bunches caused the largest average oil loss over a one-month period, with a loss rate of 0.11%. Oil loss at the pressing station is caused by a number of factors, such as inadequate maintenance practices, non-compliance with established work procedures, suboptimal ripeness levels of harvested palm fruit, and operator neglect in maintaining optimal machine pressure in accordance with company standards. To reduce oil loss in the production process and increase efficiency, these concerns need to be addressed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 649 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Polymeric Matrices for Mangiferin Delivery: Ways to Enhance Bioavailability and Therapeutic Effect

by Roman O. Shaikenov, Vladislava I. Klimshina, Svetlana N. Morozkina and Petr P. Snetkov

Eng. Proc. 2025, 87(1), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025087078 - 12 Jun 2025

Abstract

Mangiferin, a polyphenol derived from Mangifera indica, exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, positioning it as a promising candidate for applications in medicine. Its potential as an alternative to antibiotics is especially significant in agriculture and medicine, addressing the global demand [...] Read more.

Mangiferin, a polyphenol derived from Mangifera indica, exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, positioning it as a promising candidate for applications in medicine. Its potential as an alternative to antibiotics is especially significant in agriculture and medicine, addressing the global demand for non-traditional antibacterial agents. However, its poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit its therapeutic use. Polymeric matrices could be one of the potential approaches to solve these problems, enhancing mangiferin’s bioavailability. Each delivery system exhibits unique properties such as controlled release, prolonged action and organ-specific targeting, in an ideal case each directed to specific diseases and administration routes. While promising in vitro and in vivo results highlight their therapeutic potential, challenges remain in the optimization of the matrix formulations for precise applications. Further research is needed to develop these systems and confirm their efficacy in clinical practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 5th International Electronic Conference on Applied Sciences)

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25 pages, 1304 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Reinforcement Learning-Based Proximal Policy Optimization Approach to Solve the Economic Dispatch Problem

by Adil Rizki, Achraf Touil, Abdelwahed Echchatbi, Rachid Oucheikh and Mustapha Ahlaqqach

Eng. Proc. 2025, 97(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025097024 - 12 Jun 2025

Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach to economic dispatch (ED) optimization in power systems through the application of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), an advanced reinforcement learning algorithm. The economic dispatch problem, a fundamental challenge in power system operations, involves optimizing the generation output [...] Read more.

This paper presents a novel approach to economic dispatch (ED) optimization in power systems through the application of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), an advanced reinforcement learning algorithm. The economic dispatch problem, a fundamental challenge in power system operations, involves optimizing the generation output of multiple units to minimize operational costs while satisfying load demands and technical constraints. Traditional methods often struggle with the non-linear, non-convex nature of modern ED problems, especially with increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. Our PPO-based methodology transforms the ED problem into a reinforcement learning framework where an agent learns optimal generator scheduling policies through continuous interaction with a simulated power system environment. The proposed approach is validated on a 15-generator test system with varying load demands and operational constraints. Experimental results demonstrate that the PPO algorithm achieves superior performance compared to conventional techniques, with cost reductions of up to 7.3% and enhanced convergence stability. The algorithm successfully handles complex constraints including generator limits, ramp rates, and spinning reserve requirements, while maintaining power balance with negligible error margins. Furthermore, the computational efficiency of the PPO approach allows for real-time adjustments to rapidly changing system conditions, making it particularly suitable for modern power grids with high renewable energy penetration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Conference on Smart Management in Industrial and Logistics Engineering (SMILE 2025))

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11 pages, 507 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Supply Chain Management, Steering and Decision-Making Through the S&OP Process in the Era of Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence: A Literature Review

by Rachid Ouamalich and Nizar El Hachemi

Eng. Proc. 2025, 97(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025097023 - 12 Jun 2025

Abstract

Crises and disruptive events over new technologies like artificial intelligence, have transformed supply chains management. This literature review proposes a conceptual framework to identify the relevance of digitalization and artificial intelligence for decision-making through S&OP. Selected articles use mathematical models to resolve conflicts [...] Read more.

Crises and disruptive events over new technologies like artificial intelligence, have transformed supply chains management. This literature review proposes a conceptual framework to identify the relevance of digitalization and artificial intelligence for decision-making through S&OP. Selected articles use mathematical models to resolve conflicts between objectives related to value parameters (revenue, cost, cash, asset and sustainability) and optimize planning. Half of the articles integrate computational intelligence, but do not directly address the use of AI in S&OP. One promising stream is the S&OP process as study object where artificial and generative intelligence will play a key role in collective and collaborative intelligence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Conference on Smart Management in Industrial and Logistics Engineering (SMILE 2025))

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3 pages, 151 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Preface: The 1st International Conference on Smart Management in Industrial and Logistics Engineering (SMILE 2025)

by Mustapha Hlyal and Abdessamad Ait El Cadi

Eng. Proc. 2025, 97(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025097022 - 12 Jun 2025

Abstract

SMILE 2025 was held in Casablanca, Morocco, on 16–19 April 2025, co-organized by ESITH Morocco, through its Center of Excellence in Logistics (CELOG), and the Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, home to the Transport, Circular Economy and Sustainable Logistics Chair (TEC-LOG^d), which provided [...] Read more.

SMILE 2025 was held in Casablanca, Morocco, on 16–19 April 2025, co-organized by ESITH Morocco, through its Center of Excellence in Logistics (CELOG), and the Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, home to the Transport, Circular Economy and Sustainable Logistics Chair (TEC-LOG^d), which provided significant scientific coordination and strategic support throughout the event [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Conference on Smart Management in Industrial and Logistics Engineering (SMILE 2025))

11 pages, 1119 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Automatic Ladle Tracking with Object Detection and OCR in Steel Melting Shops

by Kabil Murugan, Mahinas Senthilmurugan, Venbha V. Senthilkumar, Harshita Velusamy, Karthiga Sekar, Vasanthan Buvanesan and Manikandan Venugopal

Eng. Proc. 2025, 95(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025095011 - 12 Jun 2025

Abstract

A ladle tracking system in steel production plants is essential for optimizing the ladle transportation between different processing units. The currently used technologies for ladle tracking, including Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems, are not effective due to their high maintenance costs and poor [...] Read more.

A ladle tracking system in steel production plants is essential for optimizing the ladle transportation between different processing units. The currently used technologies for ladle tracking, including Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems, are not effective due to their high maintenance costs and poor performance in harsh conditions, leaving a significant gap in developing an automated ladle tracking system. This paper proposes two innovative solutions to address these problems: a computer-vision-based ladle tracking system and an integrated approach of preprocessing techniques with optical character recognition (OCR) algorithms. The first method utilizes a YOLOv8 framework for detecting the two classes from the input images, such as the ladles and their unique numbers. This method achieved a precision of 0.983 and a recall of 0.998 in detecting the classes. The second method involves several preprocessing steps prior to the application of OCR. This is suitable for challenging environments, where the clarity of the images may be compromised. EasyOCR with enhanced preprocessing was able to extract the ladle number with a confidence score of 0.9948. The results demonstrate that vision-based automated ladle tracking is feasible in steel plants, improving operational efficiency, ensuring safety, and minimizing human intervention. Full article

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9 pages, 657 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Role of Cholesterol in Modifying the Physical and Stability Properties of Liposomes and In Vitro Release of VitaminB12

by Neda Pavlovic, Jelena Mijalković, Bojana Balanč, Nevena Luković and Zorica Knežević-Jugović

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099010 - 12 Jun 2025

Abstract

Cholesterol has garnered significant attention in research due to its role in the structure and the fluidity/rigidity of phospholipid membranes. This property makes it an essential component in liposome formulation. Finding the right ratio of phospholipid-to-cholesterolis important for making a liposome formulation that [...] Read more.

Cholesterol has garnered significant attention in research due to its role in the structure and the fluidity/rigidity of phospholipid membranes. This property makes it an essential component in liposome formulation. Finding the right ratio of phospholipid-to-cholesterolis important for making a liposome formulation that is stable and functional. This study involved the investigation of various mass ratios between phospholipid and cholesterol. The resulting formulations were characterized in terms of mean particle size, size distribution, and ζ potential. It was observed that as the cholesterol content increased, the mean particle size also increased, with the stability of the suspensions improving up to a certain point, after which stability decreased. The optimal phospholipid-to-cholesterol ratio of 5:1 was identified and chosen for subsequent studies on the encapsulation of vitamin B12. The vitamin was encapsulated in the liposomes in the amount of 37%, and the controlled release of vitamin B12 under gastrointestinal conditions was demonstrated using the liposomes as a carrier. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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7 pages, 181 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Generative Artificial Intelligence-Based Gamified Programming Teaching System: Promoting Peer Competition and Learning Motivation

by You-Jen Chen, Ze-Ping Chen, Chien-Hung Lai and Chen-Wei Peng

Eng. Proc. 2025, 98(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025098009 - 12 Jun 2025

Abstract

In traditional programming education, teachers typically design fixed questions and standard answers, manually grading the solutions submitted by students. This process not only requires significant time and effort from educators but may also fail to provide timely and personalized feedback due to limited [...] Read more.

In traditional programming education, teachers typically design fixed questions and standard answers, manually grading the solutions submitted by students. This process not only requires significant time and effort from educators but may also fail to provide timely and personalized feedback due to limited teaching resources. To alleviate these burdens and enhance teaching efficiency, this study leverages generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology to develop a system capable of automatically generating questions and grading answers. Students engage in programming exercises through a gamified approach, with the system providing instant feedback on their answers. Additionally, student performance is displayed via leaderboards, incorporating peer competition to boost learning motivation. According to a user survey, the gamified system demonstrates significant advantages: 56.67% of students found the system easy to use; 40% considered the system well-integrated; 60% indicated that they quickly mastered the system’s functionality, and over half (53.33%) believed that the leaderboard effectively enhanced their competitive awareness and motivation. These results suggest that the system not only reduces teachers’ workload but also increases student engagement and learning outcomes through gamified design. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 4th International Conference on Social Sciences and Intelligence Management (SSIM 2024))

10 pages, 1183 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Characterization of Stone from Jošanica Quarry and the Possibility of Its Application

by Dragica Lazić, Dragana Kešelj, Gordana Ostojić, Milenko Smiljanić, Nebojša Vasiljević and Pavle Lončar

Eng. Proc. 2025, 99(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025099009 - 12 Jun 2025

Abstract

This study presents a chemical and mineralogical analysis of stone samples from Jošanica quarry collected from three different locations—Field A, Field B, and Field C. Mineralogical analyses were conducted using XRD analysis. The analyses showed that calcite was the dominant mineral in most [...] Read more.

This study presents a chemical and mineralogical analysis of stone samples from Jošanica quarry collected from three different locations—Field A, Field B, and Field C. Mineralogical analyses were conducted using XRD analysis. The analyses showed that calcite was the dominant mineral in most of the samples, while dolomite was significantly present in some of the samples. Chemical analysis revealed that calcium was dominant in samples 2 (Field B), 3a, and 3b (Field C), with only negligible amounts of magnesium. In contrast, samples 1a, 1b, and 1c (Field A) contained a significant amount of magnesium. Based on the MgCO₃ content, the amount of dolomite in the stone samples was calculated. The content of CaCO₃ in its bound form in dolomite was lower than that in the stone samples, indicating that CaCO₃ was present in another form. According to the dolomite content, samples 1a, 1b, and 1c (Field A) are classified as limestone–dolomite, while samples 2 (Field B), 3a, and 3b (Field C) are classified as limestone due to their high calcium carbonate content. The results of a mineralogical analysis confirmed the results of the chemical analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The IX International Congress “Engineering, Environment and Materials in Process Industry”—EEM2025)

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7 pages, 4071 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development of Hand–Eye Coordination Analysis System Using Mixed-Reality Technology

by Juin-Ling Tseng

Eng. Proc. 2025, 92(1), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025092097 - 11 Jun 2025

Abstract

As Taiwan is about to enter a super-elderly society (the elderly over 65 years old account for more than 20% of the total population), how to delay disability and dementia in the elderly has become an important issue. Increasing the use of toys [...] Read more.

As Taiwan is about to enter a super-elderly society (the elderly over 65 years old account for more than 20% of the total population), how to delay disability and dementia in the elderly has become an important issue. Increasing the use of toys and games for the elderly delays their disability. Therefore, we developed three 3D interactive games for the elderly using mixed-reality (MR) technology. The three games were designed for hand-eye coordination, including digital cognition, object shape recognition, and color recognition ability. The reaction time was recorded to analyze the elderly’s reaction ability when playing the games. The questionnaire survey results showed that more than 83% of the elderly were satisfied with the use of MR equipment. More than 87% of the elderly accepted the interactive mechanism of MR while more than 80% felt that the three games improved their reaction ability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th Eurasia Conference on IoT, Communication and Engineering)

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6 pages, 2735 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Digital Imaging Inspection System for Aluminum Case Grinding Quality Control of Solid-State Drive

by Chun-Jen Chen and Cheng-Feng Tsai

Eng. Proc. 2025, 92(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025092096 - 11 Jun 2025

Abstract

The enterprise or data center does not use the M2 SATA because of the cooling problem. Therefore, SSDs employ metal cases similar to the traditional 2.5” or 3.5” hard disk. The metal case is made of aluminum, which must be ground after the [...] Read more.

The enterprise or data center does not use the M2 SATA because of the cooling problem. Therefore, SSDs employ metal cases similar to the traditional 2.5” or 3.5” hard disk. The metal case is made of aluminum, which must be ground after the metal plate forming process. Conventionally, quality control is conducted to check the ground quality of aluminum cases manually. This method is not accurate as the data are difficult to digitize. To improve the quality control, speed, and efficiency. We established a digital imaging-based inspection system for the aluminum case grinding quality control. The inspection system consists of a digital industrial camera, a closed-circuit TV lens, a light-emitting diode (LED) light source, and a personal computer. If the loading and unloading time is ignored, the test time is less than five seconds for one case. When the tested case is uploaded to the inspection system, the camera captures and sends images to the computer. The image was processed to evaluate the quality and record the tested results. Then, the tested case is classified by a robot or an operator. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th Eurasia Conference on IoT, Communication and Engineering)

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5 pages, 182 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Clinical and Surgical Indications and Current Guidelines on Surgical Removal of Third Molars

by Cesare D’Amico, Fulvia Galletti, Vincenzo Ronsivalle, Francesca Gorassini and Luca Fiorillo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 87(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025087077 - 11 Jun 2025

Abstract

Surgical extraction of the third molars is frequently performed because they often do not have enough space to erupt properly, resulting in partial or complete impaction and causing pain, infection, cysts, and damage to adjacent teeth. The decision to remove third molars is [...] Read more.

Surgical extraction of the third molars is frequently performed because they often do not have enough space to erupt properly, resulting in partial or complete impaction and causing pain, infection, cysts, and damage to adjacent teeth. The decision to remove third molars is based on clinical and radiographic evaluations, considering factors such as angulation, depth of impaction, and presence of symptoms. In some cases, general anesthesia or sedation is required. The post-operative period may include swelling, pain, and bleeding, managed with pain relievers and antibiotics. Possible complications include infection, nerve damage, and the formation of a dry socket. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 5th International Electronic Conference on Applied Sciences)

12 pages, 1752 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ab Initio Life-Cycle Analysis Assisting the Selection of Eco-Friendly Additives in Bio-Based Coatings

by Pieter Samyn, Patrick Cosemans and Thomas Vandenhaute

Eng. Proc. 2025, 87(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025087076 - 11 Jun 2025

Abstract

The formulation of eco-friendly coatings with protective properties against corrosion and/or mechanical degradation requires the selection of appropriate bio-based binders and functional additives. Although the concentration of additives remains limited, the replacement of fossil-based additives with bio-based additives may deliver an important contribution [...] Read more.

The formulation of eco-friendly coatings with protective properties against corrosion and/or mechanical degradation requires the selection of appropriate bio-based binders and functional additives. Although the concentration of additives remains limited, the replacement of fossil-based additives with bio-based additives may deliver an important contribution to improving the carbon footprint of a coating, in parallel with their influences on coating performance, lifetime, and processing. However, the role of bio-based additives in life-cycle analysis (LCA) is often neglected and minorly considered in current literature. Reasons for this include the complexity of the full system, together with a lack of data, methodological inconveniences, and appropriate design of realistic scenarios. Within this work, an approach of simplified LCA is followed by ab initio cradle-to-gate analysis of coating formulations focusing on the replacement of specific fossil additives (e.g., carbon black, silicates, and calcium carbonate) with bio-based additives (e.g., biochar, bio-based wax, recovered calcium carbonate, and nanocellulose). The different environmental impact parameters (human health, eco-toxicity, resource scarcity, and carbon footprint) for bio-based additives and coating formulations are calculated from eco-cost analysis (Idemat 2024 v2.2 database), indicating a 15 to 30% gain in carbon footprint for coatings with bio-based additives. In a particular case study for improving coating performance by substituting cellulosic additives into nanocellulose from different sources, the reduction in environmental impact parameters is positively associated with their high performance at low concentration. The need for intermediate processing of bio-based additives is a main parameter contributing to their environmental impact, but environmental benefits are abundantly compensated by their carbon storage credit and performance improvement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 5th International Electronic Conference on Applied Sciences)

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Journal Description

Engineering Proceedings

Vol. 99

EEM 2025

Vol. 98

SSIM 2024

Vol. 97

SMILE 2025

Vol. 96

SCORPiò-NIDI

Vol. 94

ICARS 2025

Vol. 92

IEEE ECICE 2024

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