A morphogen is a signaling molecule that induces specific cellular responses depending on its local concentration. The concept of morphogenic gradients has been a central paradigm of developmental biology for decades. Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is one of t...
Background/Objectives: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become an established treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis. The accurate post-procedural assessment of transvalvular gradients is essential for evaluating procedu...
Aligned topography and biomolecular gradients exist in various native tissues and play pivotal roles in a set of biological processes. Scaffolds that recapitulate the complex structure and microenvironment show great potential in promoting tissue reg...
A multi-layer artificial neural network (ANN) was used to model the retention behavior of 16 o-phthalaldehyde derivatives of amino acids in reversed-phase liquid chromatography under application of various gradient elution modes. The retention data,...
We provide the analytical gradient of the full model likelihood for the Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) specification by Engle (2002), the generalised version by Cappiello et al. (2006), and of the cDCC model by Aielli(2013). We discuss how the...
A strain gradient was produced in an AZ31B magnesium alloy through a plastic deformation of pure torsion at a torsional speed of π/2 per second. Compared with the base material and with the alloy processed by conventional severe plastic deformatio...
In this study, a meshless particle method, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), is adopted to solve the shallow water equations (SWEs) and the advection diffusion equations (ADEs) for simulating solute transport processes under 1D/2D conditions wit...
Federated learning protects the privacy information in the data set by sharing the average gradient. However, “Deep Leakage from Gradient” (DLG) algorithm as a gradient-based feature reconstruction attack can recover privacy training data...
Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue in the body, is heterogeneous. This heterogeneity forms the basis of muscle diversity, which is reflected in the specialized functions of muscles in different parts of the body. However, these different parts...
Topographic maps are composed of pixels associated with coordinates (x, y, z) on a surface. Each pixel location (x, y) is linked with fluctuations in a measured height sample (z). Fluctuations here are uncertainties in heights estimated from multiple...
Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCM) are widely used instruments thanks to their stability, low mass, and low cost. Nevertheless, the sensitivity to temperature is their main drawback and is often a driver for their design. Though the crystal average t...
The variation in principal stress ratio and principal stress direction deflection caused by the stress gradient distribution of surrounding rock is one of the reasons leading to different types of strain rockbursts. Two typical rockburst failure mode...
Gradients of smooth functions with nonindependent variables are relevant for exploring complex models and for the optimization of the functions subjected to constraints. In this paper, we investigate new and simple approximations and computations of...
Over the last two decades, miniaturization, integration, and automation have made microfluidic systems popular. Core to advances in microfluidics are numerous electrophoretic separation and preconcentration strategies, some finding their origins on b...
A polymer crystallization kinetics model is the most important way to characterize the crystallization rate of polymers. Because polymers are poor heat conductors, the cooling of thick-walled shapes results in temperature gradients. Piorkowska (Piork...
This study considers temperature gradients over recent decades near Trujillo, Peru, (8.15 S, 78.95 W) using high-resolution data assimilation. Statistical analyses describe a steep gradient from the cool foggy coast to the warm coastal plains below t...
Background: Schizophrenia is a complex disorder characterized by disruptions in cognition, behavior, and emotions. Extensive research has uncovered alterations in a single modality (either the brain structure or function) in schizophrenia. However, t...
In this study, the 3ω method was used to determine the thermal conductivity of nanofluids (ethylene glycol containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)) with temperature gradients. The thermal modeling of the traditional 3ω method wa...
This paper proposes a gradient-based data fusion and classification approach for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical image. This method is used to intuitively reflect the boundaries and edges of land cover classes present in the dataset. For t...
A finite-volume method based on the OpenFOAM is used to numerically study the factors affecting the migration of viscoelastic droplets on rigid surfaces with wettability gradients. Parameters investigated include droplet size, relaxation time, solven...
Prompt optimization through textual feedback has shown promising results in improving the performance of large language models (LLMs) on downstream tasks. However, existing approaches often rely on selecting prompt edits from a pool of candidate grad...
Cell proliferation in early embryos by rapid cell cycles and its abrupt pause after a stereotypic number of divisions present an attractive system to study the timing mechanism in general and its coordination with developmental progression. In animal...
In times of global environmental change, the sustainability of human–environment systems is only possible through a better understanding of ecosystem processes. An assessment of anthropogenic environmental impacts depends upon monitoring natural ecos...
Existing algorithms like nested sampling and annealed importance sampling are able to produce accurate estimates of the marginal likelihood of a model, but tend to scale poorly to large data sets. This is because these algorithms need to recalculate...
Studies of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation indicate that surface gravity waves traveling against currents of increasing strength gain energy and steepness in the process, and this can be a mechanism for rogue wave formation. Likewise, e...
Tissue conductivity is a biophysical marker of tissue structure and physiology. Present methods of measuring tissue conductivity are limited. Electrical impedance tomography and magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography rely on passing an ex...
The past several years have witnessed much progress in landscape ecology and fractal analysis. In landscape ecology, the gradient model of landscape patterns (i.e., landscape gradient) has emerged as a new operating paradigm, where most landscape met...
In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to reconstruct optics surfaces (aka wavefronts) from gradients, defined on a circular domain, by means of the Spherical Harmonics. The experimental results indicate that this algorithm renders the same accura...
Traditional methods of cultivating polyps are costly and time-consuming. Microfluidic chip technology makes it possible to study coral polyps at the single-cell level, but most chips can only be analyzed for a single environmental variable. In this w...
In this work, we analyze the thermodynamic principles underlying modern data storage systems, including Random Access Memory (RAM), hard disk drive (HDD), flash memory, magnetic RAM (MRAM), ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), and phase-change RAM (PCRAM), as...
Selecting among alternative scenarios of human evolution is nowadays a common methodology to investigate the history of our species. This strategy is usually based on computer simulations of genetic data under different evolutionary scenarios, follow...
Concentration gradients of soluble and matrix-bound guidance cues in the extracellular matrix direct cell growth in native tissues and are of great interest for design of biomedical scaffolds and on implant surfaces. The focus of this review is to de...
From the raw measurements at a single Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ground-based station, the Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) and the tropospheric gradient can be estimated. In order to assimilate such data into Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP...
This study proposes a unified stochastic framework for approximating and computing the gradient of every smooth function evaluated at non-independent variables, using
An equilibrium model is applied to study the effect of forced temperature gradients introduced through heat exchange via specific segments of the wall of a chromatographic column operating with a liquid mobile phase. For illustration of the principle...
It is essential to control concentration gradients at specific locations for many biochemical experiments. This paper proposes a tunable concentration gradient generator actuated by acoustically oscillating bubbles trapped in the bubble channels usin...
Soft tissue sticking on electrosurgical scalpels in minimally invasive surgery can increase the difficulty of operation and easily lead to medical malpractice. It is significant to develop new methods for anti-sticking of soft tissue on electrosurgic...
Comprehensive land consolidation (CLC) significantly impacts farmers’ sustainable development, particularly in southwestern mountainous areas with limited alternative livelihood options. However, existing studies have rarely considered the impa...
The mechanism of soil detachment on steep slopes is obviously different from that on gentle slopes. However, the slope effect of soil detachment remains unclear. The objective of this study was to quantify the slope effect of soil detachment capacity...
Tissue engineering is viewed as a promising option for long-term repair of cartilage lesions, but current engineered cartilage constructs fail to match the mechanical properties of native tissue. The extracellular matrix of adult human articular cart...
The impact mechanical properties of graded hourglass lattice sandwich structures under impact compression were studied using experiments and numerical simulations. The influence of the gradient distribution on the deformation mode, peak load, and ene...
Integrated gradients is an explainable AI technique that aims to explain the relationship between a model’s predictions in terms of its features. Adapting this technique to point clouds and semantic segmentation models allows a class-wise attri...
To investigate the impact of geothermal gradient on the distribution and reserves of hydrate in permafrost regions, it is crucial to utilize the Archie formula to compute hydrate saturation and adjust parameters to enhance the model’s precision...
In the French Alps the quality of the radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) is limited by the topography and the vertical structure of precipitation. A previous study realized in all the French Alps, has shown a general bias between value...
Background: Atherosclerotic plaque detection is a clinical and technological problem that has been approached by different studies. Nowadays, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is the standard used to capture images of the coronary walls and to detect p...
Neural network training often suffers from spectral asymmetry, where gradient energy is disproportionately allocated to high-frequency components, leading to suboptimal convergence and reduced efficiency. This paper introduces Gradient Spectral Norma...
This paper investigates the modelling of Korteweg-type fluids and hence the dependence of the stress tensor on gradients of mass density. This topic, originating from the need for describing capillarity effects, is mainly of interest in connection wi...
Myelin is essential for efficient neural signaling and can be quantitatively evaluated using the T1-weighted/T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) ratio as a proxy for regional myelin content. Myelin covariance networks (MCNs) reflect correlated myelin patterns acro...
Accurate and highly precise gravity gradient data are an important component of, for example, gravity field modeling, seabed topography inversion, and resource exploration. However, high-precision gravity gradient data are difficult to obtain. To add...
Understanding vegetation-mediated mitigation of urban heat islands (UHI) is essential for sustainable urban adaptation strategies. Although vegetation responses to extreme heat events have been widely explored using satellite remote sensing and stati...
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