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2,568 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
8,107 Views
15 Pages

Feedback Control of Melt Pool Area in Selective Laser Melting Additive Manufacturing Process

  • Syed Zahid Hussain,
  • Zareena Kausar,
  • Zafar Ullah Koreshi,
  • Shakil R. Sheikh and ,
  • Hafiz Zia Ur Rehman,
  • Haseeb Yaqoob,
  • Muhammad Faizan Shah,
  • Ahmad Abdullah and
  • Farooq Sher
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

30 August 2021

Selective laser melting (SLM), a metal powder fusion additive manufacturing process, has the potential to manufacture complex components for aerospace and biomedical implants. Large-scale adaptation of these technologies is hampered due to the presen...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers in Magnetic Polishing and Electrochemical Technology)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,870 Views
18 Pages

A Novel PI-Based Control Structure with Additional Feedback from Torsional Torque and Its Derivative for Damping Torsional Vibrations

  • Piotr Derugo,
  • Amanuel Haftu Kahsay,
  • Krzysztof Szabat,
  • Kosuke Shikata and
  • Seiichiro Katsura

25 September 2024

This paper presents issues related to the damping of torsional vibrations in a system with elastic coupling. A novel PI-based control structure with additional feedback from torsional torque and its derivative is proposed. For the estimation of the r...

(This article belongs to the Section F3: Power Electronics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,521 Views
23 Pages

26 July 2023

Neural network approaches have commonly been used to solve complex mathematical equations in the literature. They have inspired the modifications of state controllers and are often implemented for electrical drives with an elastic connection. Given t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
939 Views
16 Pages

5 April 2026

Addressing challenges such as the non-Newtonian fluid characteristics of melt, significant system hysteresis, and rheological thermal drift in large-scale glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP-GF) screw-extrusion additive manufacturing (SEAM), thi...

(This article belongs to the Section Manufacturing Processes and Systems)
  • Review
  • Open Access
14 Citations
6,006 Views
32 Pages

Temperature Control in Microfluidic Devices: Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions

  • Faisal bin Nasser Sarbaland,
  • Masashi Kobayashi,
  • Daiki Tanaka,
  • Risa Fujita and ,
  • Nobuyuki Tanaka and
  • Masahiro Furuya
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

10 September 2025

Accurate temperature regulation is essential in microfluidic apparatus, particularly for procedures such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cellular analysis, and chemical reactions that rely on stable thermal conditions. However, achieving temperat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,845 Views
18 Pages

Experimental Evaluation on Haptic Feedback Accuracy by Using Two Self-Made Haptic Devices and One Additional Interface in Robotic Teleoperation

  • Guan-Yang Liu,
  • Yi Wang,
  • Chao Huang,
  • Chen Guan and ,
  • Dong-Tao Ma,
  • Zhiming Wei and
  • Xinan Qiu
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

14 January 2022

The goal of haptic feedback in robotic teleoperation is to enable users to accurately feel the interaction force measured at the slave side and precisely understand what is happening in the slave environment. The accuracy of the feedback force descri...

(This article belongs to the Section Actuators for Robotics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
901 Views
15 Pages

Nitrogen Addition Reduces Negative Plant-Soil Feedback in Invasive Spartina alterniflora: Preliminary Findings from a Mesocosm Experiment

  • Yinhua Wang,
  • Ningning Li,
  • Yuxin Zhang,
  • Changcheng Guo and ,
  • Lina Xie,
  • Yifan Li and
  • Hongyu Guo
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

28 December 2025

Spartina alterniflora, an invasive plant species in coastal regions of China, poses significant threats to local biodiversity and has become a pervasive weed in coastal wetlands and agricultural systems. With increasing nitrogen inputs in coastal are...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Weed Biology and Ecology: Importance to Integrated Weed Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,122 Views
25 Pages

3 December 2022

The primary goal of this study is to create a magnetic levitation system for additive manufacturing (AM) applications. The emphasis of this research is placed on Laser Directed Energy Deposition via Powder Feeding (LDED-PF). The primary benefit of us...

(This article belongs to the Section Miniaturized and Micro Actuators)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
7,762 Views
9 Pages

Efficacy of Web-Based Weight Loss Maintenance Programs: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Standard Features Versus the Addition of Enhanced Personalized Feedback over 12 Months

  • Clare E. Collins,
  • Philip J. Morgan,
  • Melinda J. Hutchesson,
  • Christopher Oldmeadow and ,
  • Daniel Barker and
  • Robin Callister
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

8 November 2017

Few randomized controlled trials (RCT) have evaluated the efficacy of web-based programs targeting maintenance of lost weight. The aims of this study were to evaluate two versions of a commercially available web-based weight loss maintenance (WLM) pr...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Prevention and Management of Obesity and Eating Disorders)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,751 Views
22 Pages

25 November 2022

The construction industry has long been labor-intensive, with slow productivity growth and a significant environmental impact. In this regard, the ever-increasing practices of additive manufacturing (AM) in construction have presented a variety of ad...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Architectural Design Supported by Information Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
6,797 Views
18 Pages

Data-Driven Adaptive Control for Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing with Automatic Controller Tuning

  • Lequn Chen,
  • Xiling Yao,
  • Youxiang Chew,
  • Fei Weng and ,
  • Seung Ki Moon and
  • Guijun Bi
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

10 November 2020

Closed-loop control is desirable in direct energy deposition (DED) to stabilize the process and improve the fabrication quality. Most existing DED controllers require system identifications by experiments to obtain plant models or layer-dependent ada...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Additive Manufacturing and System: From Methods to Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,523 Views
11 Pages

Hybrid Additive Fabrication of a Transparent Liver with Biosimilar Haptic Response for Preoperative Planning

  • Paolo Aseni,
  • Tommaso Santaniello,
  • Francesco Rizzetto,
  • Lorenzo Gentili and ,
  • Federico Pezzotta,
  • Francesco Cavaliere,
  • Maurizio Vertemati and
  • Paolo Milani
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

21 September 2021

Due to the complexity of liver surgery, the interest in 3D printing is constantly increasing among hepatobiliary surgeons. The aim of this study was to produce a patient-specific transparent life-sized liver model with tissue-like haptic properties b...

(This article belongs to the Section Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,846 Views
18 Pages

Experimental Studies of Microwave Tubes with Components of Electron–Optical and Electrodynamic Systems Implemented Using Novel 3D Additive Technology

  • Mikhail D. Proyavin,
  • Mikhail V. Morozkin,
  • Naum S. Ginzburg,
  • Andrej N. Denisenko and ,
  • Maxim V. Kamenskiy,
  • Valentina E. Kotomina,
  • Vladimir N. Manuilov,
  • Alexey A. Orlovskiy,
  • Ivan V. Osharin and
  • Vladislav Y. Zaslavsky
  • + 7 authors+ 2 authors

Novel additive technology of the Chemical Metallization of Photopolymer-based Structures (CMPS) is under active elaboration currently at the IAP RAS (Nizhny Novgorod). The use of this technology has made it possible to implement components of electro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,437 Views
12 Pages

The Effectiveness of External Verbal Feedback on Balance in Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability

  • Konstantinos Parlakidis,
  • Lazaros Alexandors Kontopoulos,
  • Dimitris Mandalidis,
  • Eleftherios Paraskevopoulos and ,
  • Maria Papandreou,
  • Eleni Kapreli and
  • Anna Christakou
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is characterized by muscle weakness and impaired neuromuscular control. This study aimed (a) to assess the impact of external verbal feedback on the dynamic balance of athletes with CAI and (b) to examine the maintenan...

(This article belongs to the Section Kinesiology and Biomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,095 Views
19 Pages

A TPU-Based 3D Printed Robotic Hand: Design and Its Impact on Human–Robot Interaction

  • Younglim Choi,
  • Minho Lee,
  • Seongmin Yea,
  • Seunghwan Kim and
  • Hyunseok Kim

This study outlines the design and evaluation of a biomimetic robotic hand tailored for Human–Robot Interaction (HRI), focusing on improvements in tactile fidelity driven by material choice. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was selected over po...

(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,777 Views
13 Pages

Effect of Vibrotactile Feedback on the Control of the Interaction Force of a Supernumerary Robotic Arm

  • Silvia Buratti,
  • Davide Deiana,
  • Alessia Noccaro,
  • Mattia Pinardi and ,
  • Giovanni Di Pino,
  • Domenico Formica and
  • Nathanaël Jarrassé
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

13 December 2023

Supernumerary robotic limbs are mainly designed to augment the physical capabilities of able-bodied individuals, in a wide range of contexts from body support to surgery. When they are worn as wearable devices, they naturally provide inherent feedbac...

(This article belongs to the Section Robotics, Mechatronics and Intelligent Machines)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
7,896 Views
11 Pages

23 August 2019

Assessment and feedback (A&F) are two major components of any educational program and must be properly in place to ensure student learning and quality of experience. However, these important components come under severe challenges of meeting stud...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
6,016 Views
23 Pages

Content-Focused Formative Feedback Combining Achievement, Qualitative and Learning Analytics Data

  • Cecilia Martinez,
  • Ramiro Serra,
  • Prem Sundaramoorthy,
  • Thomas Booij and ,
  • Cornelis Vertegaal,
  • Zahra Bounik,
  • Kevin van Hastenberg and
  • Mark Bentum
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

7 October 2023

Research that integrates Learning Analytics (LA) with formative feedback has been shown to enhance student individual learning processes and performance. Debates on LA-based feedback highlight the need to further understand what data sources are appr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
9,795 Views
8 Pages

An Electrochemical, Low-Frequency Seismic Micro-Sensor Based on MEMS with a Force-Balanced Feedback System

  • Guanglei Li,
  • Junbo Wang,
  • Deyong Chen,
  • Jian Chen and ,
  • Lianhong Chen and
  • Chao Xu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

13 September 2017

Electrochemical seismic sensors are key components in monitoring ground vibration, which are featured with high performances in the low-frequency domain. However, conventional electrochemical seismic sensors suffer from low repeatability due to limit...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated MEMS Sensors for the IoT Era)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3,719 Views
19 Pages

Digital musical instruments have become increasingly prevalent in musical creation and production. Optimizing their usability and, particularly, their expressiveness, has become essential to their study and practice. The absence of multimodal feedbac...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,323 Views
21 Pages

Modular Model Predictive Control upon an Existing Controller

  • Wai Hou Lio,
  • John Anthony Rossiter and
  • Bryn Llywelyn Jones

16 July 2020

The availability of predictions of future system inputs has motivated research into preview control to improve set-point tracking and disturbance rejection beyond that achievable via conventional feedback control. The design of preview controllers, t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redesign Processes in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,015 Views
13 Pages

MD Student Perceptions of ChatGPT for Reflective Writing Feedback in Undergraduate Medical Education

  • Nabil Haider,
  • Leo Morjaria,
  • Urmi Sheth,
  • Nujud Al-Jabouri and
  • Matthew Sibbald

At the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, a significant component of the MD curriculum involves written narrative reflections on topics related to professional identity in medicine, with written feedback provided by their in-person longitudinal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,754 Views
14 Pages

The Supplementary Damping Method for CLCC HVDC Based on Projective Control Theory

  • Feifei Zhao,
  • Zhenjian Xie,
  • Wenjia Zhang,
  • Wanchun Qi and ,
  • Hui Cai,
  • Sixuan Xu,
  • Xingning Han and
  • Quanquan Wang
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

16 August 2024

This paper proposes a design method for an additional damping reduced-order controller based on the projective control theorem. Improvements are made to the projective theorem to achieve additional damping control through Controllable-Line-Commutated...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Hybrid AC-DC Power System Coordinated Control and Operation Technology, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,526 Views
18 Pages

24 September 2024

Force-feedback devices enhance task performance in most robot teleoperations. However, their increased size with additional degrees of freedom can limit the robot’s applicability. To address this, an interface that visually presents force feedb...

(This article belongs to the Section AI in Robotics)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
8 Citations
7,199 Views
5 Pages

This paper outlines the development of e-textile haptic feedback gloves for virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) applications. The prototype e-textile glove contains six Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) flexible circuits embroidered on the fabric and...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Conference on the Challenges, Opportunities, Innovations and Applications in Electronic Textiles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,942 Views
14 Pages

15 September 2023

For the point-to-point additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with an eavesdropper and feedback, it has already been shown that the secrecy capacity can be achieved by a secret key-based feedback scheme, where the channel feedback is used for s...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coding and Entropy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,201 Views
24 Pages

24 January 2025

Feedback in group decision-making (GDM) is an effective procedure for eliminating preference inconsistencies among experts. As the core of GDM, feedback controls the progress and cost of the process. However, the current feedback model seldom conside...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,068 Views
14 Pages

7 April 2022

While balance training with concurrent feedback has been shown to improve real-time balance in older adults, terminal feedback may simplify implementation outside of clinical settings. Similarly, visual feedback is particularly well-suited for use ou...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feedback-Based Balance, Gait Assistive and Rehabilitation Aids)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
10,668 Views
20 Pages

20 June 2023

Research suggests that unpleasant emotions induced by feedback may reduce its efficiency in enhancing students’ performance, which is a crucial issue to address in education. In the context of Chinese language instruction in higher education, t...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Social Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,293 Views
16 Pages

Encouraging feedback is shown to increase motivation and facilitate learning in different settings, though there is a lack of knowledge of applying it in work technique training. This pilot study aimed to evaluate two accumulated vibrotactile feedbac...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational Risk Perception, Safety Training, and Injury Prevention in the New Intelligent Yet Complex Work Environments)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,229 Views
30 Pages

22 August 2024

The study sheds light on the importance of diagnostic and feedback skills regarding argumentative pupils’ texts for (prospective) teachers and the current state of research in this area. The importance of argumentation in geography education is...

(This article belongs to the Section Higher Education)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,935 Views
18 Pages

Kinesthetic Feedback for Understanding Program Execution

  • Satinder Gill,
  • Bryson J. Goolsby and
  • Dianne T. V. Pawluk

29 May 2023

To better prepare future generations, knowledge about computers and programming are one of the many skills that are part of almost all Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematic programs; however, teaching and learning programming is a complex...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensors and Robotics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,145 Views
11 Pages

14 September 2019

Endotracheal intubation is still the gold standard in airway management. For medical students and young professionals, it is often difficult to train personal skills. We tested a high-fidelity simulator with an additional quantitative feedback integr...

(This article belongs to the Section Anesthesiology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,286 Views
39 Pages

21 February 2025

This paper provides climate feedback trends, quantifies the feedback-doubling (FD) period, considers urbanization influences, and provides related equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) estimates using data from 1880 to 2024. Data modeling is accompli...

(This article belongs to the Collection Adaptation and Mitigation Practices and Frameworks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
6,923 Views
13 Pages

Development of Smart-Ring-Based Chest Compression Depth Feedback Device for High Quality Chest Compressions: A Proof-of-Concept Study

  • Seungjae Lee,
  • Yeongtak Song,
  • Jongshill Lee,
  • Jaehoon Oh and ,
  • Tae Ho Lim,
  • Chiwon Ahn and
  • In Young Kim
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

28 January 2021

Recently, a smart-device-based chest compression depth (CCD) feedback system that helps ensure that chest compressions have adequate depth during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was developed. However, no CCD feedback device has been developed fo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for the Detection of Biomarkers)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,387 Views
12 Pages

We propose a theoretical scheme to enhance quantum coherence and obtain steady-state coherence by combining quantum feedback control and noise-assisted preparation. We investigate the effects of quantum-jump-based feedback control and noise field on...

(This article belongs to the Topic Recent Advances in Nonlinear Optics and Nonlinear Optical Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,518 Views
14 Pages

In mobile communications systems, fast link adaptation (FLA) aims to achieve high system throughput of each user by accurately determining a channel quality indicator (CQI) for feedback, which predicts the next channel based on the current channel st...

(This article belongs to the Section Microwave and Wireless Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
7,884 Views
21 Pages

14 October 2024

Educational chatbots (ECs) can offer instructional feedback to enhance learning. However, the effect of metacognitive feedback on science education has not been fully explored. This study focuses on the effect of the EC with metacognitive feedback on...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Systems and Tools for Education)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,041 Views
15 Pages

25 November 2023

Reducing food loss is a key target for Sustainable Development Goal 12—responsible consumption and production. This study aimed to explore Australian sheep producers’ knowledge of and attitude towards post-harvest feedback and how these i...

(This article belongs to the Section Food Security and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,354 Views
9 Pages

Evaluation of Unsolicited Feedback from Patients with Cancer and Their Families as a Strategy to Improve Cancer Care Delivery

  • Parvaneh Fallah,
  • Lucas Clemons,
  • Michelle Bradbury,
  • Lisa Vandermeer and ,
  • Mark Clemons,
  • Julie Renaud and
  • Marie-France Savard
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

28 April 2024

Background: Unsolicited patient feedback (compliments and complaints) should allow the healthcare system to address and improve individual and overall patient, family, and staff experiences. We evaluated feedback at a tertiary cancer centre to identi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 30th Anniversary of Current Oncology: Perspectives in Clinical Oncology Practice)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,590 Views
20 Pages

Robust Cascade Control inside a New Model-Matching Architecture

  • Javier Rico-Azagra and
  • Montserrat Gil-Martínez

31 May 2023

Whenever additional states of a plant can be measured, closing nested feedback loops can be exploited in a variety of ways. The goal here is to reduce the bandwidth of feedback controllers and thus reduce the amplification of sensor noise that can ot...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Simulation, Control and Optimization in Engineering with Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,992 Views
10 Pages

Influence of Parametric Symmetry on the Dynamics of 3D Sinusoidal Discrete Systems

  • Karthikeyan Rajagopal,
  • Sathiyadevi Kanagaraj,
  • Christos Volos and
  • Anitha Karthikeyan

23 March 2023

The discrete system serves an important role in mimicking collective dynamics found in continuous dynamical systems, which are relevant to many realistic natural and artificial systems. To investigate the dynamical transition of a discrete system, we...

(This article belongs to the Section F: Engineering and Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
7,466 Views
10 Pages

Self-Replicating Spots in the Brusselator Model and Extreme Events in the One-Dimensional Case with Delay

  • Mustapha Tlidi,
  • Yerali Gandica,
  • Giorgio Sonnino,
  • Etienne Averlant and
  • Krassimir Panajotov

27 February 2016

We consider the paradigmatic Brusselator model for the study of dissipative structures in far from equilibrium systems. In two dimensions, we show the occurrence of a self-replication phenomenon leading to the fragmentation of a single localized spot...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics and Its Application)
  • Article
  • Open Access
478 Views
15 Pages

Vibrations occurring when playing a musical instrument can affect how the quality of the instrument is perceived by the player. Previous studies on violins have investigated how vibrotactile feedback influences certain perceptual attributes and the p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
325 Views
13 Pages

5 October 2026

Drawing on the Behavioral Theory of the Firm (BTOF) and an open-systems perspective, this study investigates how variations in performance feedback and environmental dynamism are related to the setting of future organizational performance targets. A...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Social Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,501 Views
27 Pages

Inverse Optimal Control in State Derivative Space System with Applications in Motor Control

  • Feng-Chi Lee,
  • Yuan-Wei Tseng,
  • Rong-Ching Wu,
  • Wen-Chuan Chen and
  • Chin-Sheng Chen

23 March 2021

This paper mathematically explains how state derivative space (SDS) system form with state derivative related feedback can supplement standard state space system with state related feedback in control designs. Practically, inverse optimal control is...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives)
  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
6,980 Views
21 Pages

25 March 2022

Robot-assisted technology is often used to perform endovascular catheterization surgeries, which generally depend on the flexible operability and the accurate force feedback of a robotic system. In this paper, an endovascular catheterization robotic...

(This article belongs to the Section E: Engineering and Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,104 Views
20 Pages

A Task-Driven Feedback Imager with Uncertainty Driven Hybrid Control

  • Burhan A. Mudassar,
  • Priyabrata Saha,
  • Marilyn Wolf and
  • Saibal Mukhopadhyay

8 April 2021

Deep Neural Network (DNN) systems tend to produce overconfident or uncalibrated outputs. This poses problems for active sensor systems that have a DNN module as the main feedback controller. In this paper, we study a closed-loop feedback smart camera...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Image Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,874 Views
30 Pages

30 July 2024

Relay channels capture the essence of several important communication scenarios such as sensor network and satellite communication. In this paper, first, we propose an efficient coding scheme for an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) relay channel...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Information Theory and Coding for Wireless Communications II)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,450 Views
25 Pages

10 September 2021

This study explores learners’ online peer review practices during a four-week second language writing project. The project was developed in a multi-section Spanish writing course at the college level. The study investigates how college Spanish learne...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue L2/HL Writing and Technology)

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