Journal Description
Current Oncology
Current Oncology
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal published online by MDPI (from Volume 28 Issue 1-2021). Established in 1994, the journal represents a multidisciplinary medium for clinical oncologists to report and review progress in the management of this disease. The Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists (CAMO), the Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology (CAPO), the Canadian Association of General Practitioners in Oncology (CAGPO), the Cell Therapy Transplant Canada (CTTC), the Canadian Leukemia Study Group (CLSG) and others are affiliated with the journal and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, MEDLINE, PMC, Embase, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Oncology)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 19.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.4 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.
Impact Factor:
2.8 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.9 (2023)
Latest Articles
Perioperative Chemo-Immunotherapy in Non-Oncogene-Addicted Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Italian Expert Panel Meeting
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020110 - 14 Feb 2025
Abstract
Background: Immunotherapy (IO)-based strategies have been demonstrated to significantly prolong survival in the perioperative setting of non-oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The adoption of such strategies in clinical practice depends on heterogeneous regulatory approvals and on the agreement between medical oncologists and
[...] Read more.
Background: Immunotherapy (IO)-based strategies have been demonstrated to significantly prolong survival in the perioperative setting of non-oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The adoption of such strategies in clinical practice depends on heterogeneous regulatory approvals and on the agreement between medical oncologists and thoracic surgeons on patients’ selection. Methods: An Expert Panel Meeting of medical oncologists and thoracic surgeons was held virtually by the Italian Association of Thoracic Oncology (AIOT) to discuss results of pivotal clinical trials with perioperative chemo-immunotherapy and reach agreement on open issues for the topic, formulating specific statements based on initially proposed discussion questions. Results: Overall, panelists found agreement on seven statements. With regard to tissue and biomarker analysis, the role of increasing PD-L1 expression in predicting IO efficacy was recognized, whereas ctDNA and pCR were mainly attributed a prognostic role, in the absence of dedicated studies. The panelists acknowledged direct relationship between the benefit of neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy approaches and the local burden of disease/mediastinal node involvement, supporting the inclusion of these factors, together with PD-L1, in selecting upfront surgery or induction treatment. The panelists agreed that the current literature data do not answer the issue of assessing the role of the adjuvant phase within a perioperative treatment strategy. Surgical considerations on the role of pneumonectomy and other approaches were also discussed. Conclusions: This experience highlights the importance of a synergistic approach between oncologists and surgeons to leverage the unmet needs in translating results of IO-perioperative clinical trials into clinical practice in patients with resectable NSCLC.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)
Open AccessReview
Multimodal Prehabilitation for Gynecologic Cancer Surgery
by
Jeongyun Kim, Chae Hyeong Lee and Ga Won Yim
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020109 - 14 Feb 2025
Abstract
Surgical treatment is commonly employed to treat patients with gynecologic cancer, although surgery itself may function as a stressor, reducing the patients’ functional capacity and recovery. Prehabilitation programs attempt to improve patients’ overall health and baseline function prior to surgery, thereby enhancing recovery
[...] Read more.
Surgical treatment is commonly employed to treat patients with gynecologic cancer, although surgery itself may function as a stressor, reducing the patients’ functional capacity and recovery. Prehabilitation programs attempt to improve patients’ overall health and baseline function prior to surgery, thereby enhancing recovery and lowering morbidity. In recent years, prehabilitation has come to primarily refer to multimodal programs that combine physical activity, nutritional support, psychological well-being, and other medical interventions. However, the specific methods of implementing prehabilitation and measuring its effectiveness are heterogeneous. Moreover, high-level evidence regarding prehabilitation in gynecologic cancer surgery is limited. This review provides a summary of multimodal prehabilitation studies in gynecologic oncologic surgery. Enhanced postoperative recovery, lower postoperative complications, lower rate of blood transfusions, and faster gastrointestinal functional recovery have been reported after multimodal prehabilitation interventions. Patients and healthcare professionals should recognize the importance of prehabilitation in the field of gynecologic oncologic treatment, based on the emerging evidence. In addition, there is a need to establish an appropriate target group and construct a well-designed and tailored prehabilitation program.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimizing Surgical Management for Gynecologic Cancers)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Evidence-Based Recommendations on the Use of Immunotherapies and Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Male Reproductive Cancers
by
Farhan Khalid, Zubair Hassan Bodla, Sai Rakshith Gaddameedi, Raymart Macaset, Karan Yagnik, Zahra Niaz, Peter N. Fish, Doantrang Du and Shazia Shah
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020108 - 14 Feb 2025
Abstract
The incidence of male reproductive cancers, including prostate, testicular, and penile cancers, has risen in recent years, raising important health concerns. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men, while penile cancer, though rare, typically affects men over 60.
[...] Read more.
The incidence of male reproductive cancers, including prostate, testicular, and penile cancers, has risen in recent years, raising important health concerns. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men, while penile cancer, though rare, typically affects men over 60. Testicular cancer, with a lifetime risk of about 0.4% in men, is most common among adolescents and young adults, decreasing sharply after the age of 40. Traditional treatments include chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and combinations thereof, but advancements in immunotherapy and monoclonal antibodies are showing promising results, particularly for genitourinary cancers. These therapies, targeting immune checkpoints and tumor-specific antigens, are gaining traction as effective alternatives for resistant cases. This review provides evidence-based recommendations on current and emerging immunotherapy and monoclonal antibody treatments for male reproductive cancers, highlighting future directions to optimize patient outcomes.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)
Open AccessArticle
Sexual Health of Patients in Treatment for Lung Cancer: An Undercover Concern for Patients and Oncologists
by
Mafalda Costa, Catarina Lopes Fernandes, Joana Leite, Marta Vilaça, Fernanda Estevinho and Helena Magalhães
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020107 - 13 Feb 2025
Abstract
Sexual dysfunction (SD) prevalence in lung cancer (LC) patients is largely unknown. This study aims to assess the prevalence of SD among LC patients at our center. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 69 patients using a questionnaire on sexual activity and satisfaction.
[...] Read more.
Sexual dysfunction (SD) prevalence in lung cancer (LC) patients is largely unknown. This study aims to assess the prevalence of SD among LC patients at our center. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 69 patients using a questionnaire on sexual activity and satisfaction. Participants were recruited from 1 July 2023 to 30 September 2024 and had to be diagnosed with LC, age > 18 years, able to read, and with at least 1 month of treatment. A total of 61 patients completed the survey, predominantly male (67.2%) with stage IV LC (68.9%). Less than half (45.9%) reported recent sexual activity, while many expressed little to no interest (55.7%) and minimal satisfaction with their sex life (42.8%). The factors affecting sexual satisfaction included fatigue (37.7%) and feelings of anxiety/stress (24.6%). The reasons for decreased sexual activity included a lack of interest (36.4%), difficulties with erection (24.2%), and issues with partners (24.3%). A significant association was found between SD and the perceived impact of LC on sexual life, with higher dysfunction scores linked to more negative reports. SD is common among LC patients. Implementing assessment strategies and interventions may improve the sexual life of these patients.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Palliative and Supportive Care)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Exploring the Role of Hypoxia and HIF-1α in the Intersection of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Endometrial Cancer
by
Alagappan V. S. Geetha, Kannan Harithpriya, Kumar Ganesan and Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020106 - 13 Feb 2025
Abstract
Diabetes and Cancer are the most complex chronic diseases, accounting for significant global mortality and morbidity. The association between Type 2 DM (T2DM) and endometrial cancer (EC) is multifaced, sharing numerous risk factors, including insulin resistance, obesity, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Hypoxia plays
[...] Read more.
Diabetes and Cancer are the most complex chronic diseases, accounting for significant global mortality and morbidity. The association between Type 2 DM (T2DM) and endometrial cancer (EC) is multifaced, sharing numerous risk factors, including insulin resistance, obesity, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Hypoxia plays a vital role in T2DM pathogenesis by altering the insulin level and pancreatic β-cell failure through an imbalance between antioxidant enzymes and cellular oxidative levels, while chronic inflammation contributes to EC malignancy. HIF-1α is a potent transcription factor involved in modulating cellular responses to hypoxia within the disease environment. Targeting the HIF-1α signaling cascade, a major metabolic regulator may contribute to advanced therapeutic advances. This review focuses on the association between T2DM and EC, especially focusing on hypoxia and HIF signaling pathways. These intersect with key pathways involved in T2DM and EC pathology, such as insulin signaling, PI3K/AKT, mTOR pathway, MUC1/HIF-1α pathway, and hormonal imbalance. Understanding this complex relationship paves the way for future researchers to develop HIF-1α-targeted therapies that could lead to novel combination therapies to treat these comorbid conditions.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gynecologic Oncology)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessConference Report
Abstracts of the 2024 Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists Annual Scientific Meeting
by
Alexi Campbell, Sharlene Gill, Desirée Hao, Suneil Khanna, Erin Powell, Moira Rushton, Maryam Soleimani and Stephen Welch
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020105 - 12 Feb 2025
Abstract
On behalf of the Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists, we are pleased to present the abstracts of the 2024 Annual Scientific Meeting. The CAMO Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) took place from 24–26 October 2024 in an in-person event in Ottawa, ON. Twenty-four (24)
[...] Read more.
On behalf of the Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists, we are pleased to present the abstracts of the 2024 Annual Scientific Meeting. The CAMO Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) took place from 24–26 October 2024 in an in-person event in Ottawa, ON. Twenty-four (24) abstracts were selected for presentation as oral presentations and poster presentations. Awards for the top three (3) abstracts were presented during the ASM; they have been marked as “Award Recipient”. We congratulate all presenters on their research work and contribution.
Full article
Open AccessPerspective
Toward an Understanding of Cancer as an Issue of Social Justice: Perspectives and Implications for Oncology Nursing
by
Tara C. Horrill, Scott M. Beck and Allison Wiens
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020104 - 12 Feb 2025
Abstract
Within the fields of oncology practice and research, cancer has historically been and continues to be understood as primarily biologically produced and physiologically driven. This understanding is rooted in biomedicine, the dominant model of health and illness in the Western world. Yet, there
[...] Read more.
Within the fields of oncology practice and research, cancer has historically been and continues to be understood as primarily biologically produced and physiologically driven. This understanding is rooted in biomedicine, the dominant model of health and illness in the Western world. Yet, there is increasing evidence of inequities in cancer that are influenced by social and structural inequities. In this article, we propose that cancer-related inequities ought to be seen as issues of social justice, and, given nursing’s longstanding commitments to social justice, they ought to be a priority for oncology nurses. Using a social justice lens, we highlight potential social injustices in the form of inequities in cancer outcomes and access to cancer care across the cancer continuum. Our intention is not to provide an exhaustive review of evidence, but to provide our perspective, adding to the dialogue surrounding health equity and cancer while shifting the narrative away from an understanding of cancer inequities as stemming from “lifestyle” and “behavioural” choices. We conclude by exploring the implications of considering cancer inequities as social injustices for nursing practice.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Reviews in Section "Oncology Nursing")
Open AccessReview
Management of Peritoneal Metastasis in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
by
Grace Wu, Oliver J. Standring, Daniel A. King, Sepideh Gholami, Craig E. Devoe, Cornelius A. Thiels, Travis E. Grotz, Matthew J. Weiss, Richard L. Whelan, Mustafa Raoof and Danielle K. DePeralta
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020103 - 12 Feb 2025
Abstract
The peritoneum is the second most common site of metastasis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Up to half of all patients that undergo curative-intent resection eventually develop peritoneal metastasis (PM), which accounts for significant morbidity and drives mortality. Despite recent advances
[...] Read more.
The peritoneum is the second most common site of metastasis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Up to half of all patients that undergo curative-intent resection eventually develop peritoneal metastasis (PM), which accounts for significant morbidity and drives mortality. Despite recent advances in management, PM is associated with very poor prognosis, which is often measured in weeks to months. Clinical manifestations including bowel obstruction, ascites, and urinary obstruction have profound impact on quality of life. Even with relatively advanced disease, PM often remains occult on imaging and thus tend to be underdiagnosed and understudied. Many patients with peritoneal-only PM are excluded from clinical trials because response cannot be measured by standard radiographic criteria. Furthermore, as patients with PM are not eligible for surgical resection and low-volume peritoneal disease is often not amenable to percutaneous biopsy, tissue samples for peritoneal-specific translational studies are limited. Intraperitoneal therapeutics have been proposed as an attractive option for PM, as better penetration of tumor tissue can be achieved with less systemic toxicity compared with intravenous chemotherapy. Heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), typically combined with cytoreductive surgery (CRS), is an option for select patients with PM from gynecologic or gastrointestinal primary, and for patients with primary peritoneal mesothelioma. However, the incorporation of locoregional therapy for PM in patients with PDAC has been poorly studied given the aggressive nature of pancreatic cancer and overall poor prognosis. With recent advances in existing treatment options, there may be a subset of patients who may derive benefits from locoregional control with cytoreduction and/or intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Critically, additional work is needed to determine PM-favorable clinical and tumoral predictive biomarkers to identify patients who may benefit from a more aggressive approach. We describe the current state of management of patients with peritoneal metastasis from PDAC and review the available data exploring peritoneal-directed therapy with cytoreductive surgery and/or intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Treatments in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma)
►▼
Show Figures

Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Leveraging Large Language Models for High-Quality Lay Summaries: Efficacy of ChatGPT-4 with Custom Prompts in a Consecutive Series of Prostate Cancer Manuscripts
by
Emily Rinderknecht, Anna Schmelzer, Anton Kravchuk, Christopher Goßler, Johannes Breyer, Christian Gilfrich, Maximilian Burger, Simon Engelmann, Veronika Saberi, Clemens Kirschner, Dominik von Winning, Roman Mayr, Christian Wülfing, Hendrik Borgmann, Stephan Buse, Maximilian Haas and Matthias May
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020102 - 11 Feb 2025
Abstract
Clear and accessible lay summaries are essential for enhancing the public understanding of scientific knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate whether ChatGPT-4 can generate high-quality lay summaries that are both accurate and comprehensible for prostate cancer research in Current Oncology. To achieve
[...] Read more.
Clear and accessible lay summaries are essential for enhancing the public understanding of scientific knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate whether ChatGPT-4 can generate high-quality lay summaries that are both accurate and comprehensible for prostate cancer research in Current Oncology. To achieve this, it systematically assessed ChatGPT-4’s ability to summarize 80 prostate cancer articles published in the journal between July 2022 and June 2024 using two distinct prompt designs: a basic “simple” prompt and an enhanced “extended” prompt. Readability was assessed using established metrics, including the Flesch–Kincaid Reading Ease (FKRE), while content quality was evaluated with a 5-point Likert scale for alignment with source material. The extended prompt demonstrated significantly higher readability (median FKRE: 40.9 vs. 29.1, p < 0.001), better alignment with quality thresholds (86.2% vs. 47.5%, p < 0.001), and reduced the required reading level, making content more accessible. Both prompt designs produced content with high comprehensiveness (median Likert score: 5). This study highlights the critical role of tailored prompt engineering in optimizing large language models (LLMs) for medical communication. Limitations include the exclusive focus on prostate cancer, the use of predefined prompts without iterative refinement, and the absence of a direct comparison with human-crafted summaries. These findings underscore the transformative potential of LLMs like ChatGPT-4 to streamline the creation of lay summaries, reduce researchers’ workload, and enhance public engagement. Future research should explore prompt variability, incorporate patient feedback, and extend applications across broader medical domains.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessSystematic Review
The Requirements for Setting Up a Dedicated Structure for Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer—A Systematic Review
by
Lukas Rudolf von Rohr, Nadja Battanta, Cornelia Vetter, Katrin Scheinemann and Maria Otth
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020101 - 11 Feb 2025
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs), often defined as those aged 15–39 years, face unique challenges in oncology that are often unmet by conventional care models. This systematic review examines evidence on establishing dedicated AYA oncology units, focusing on logistical, infrastructural, and personnel-related recommendations.
[...] Read more.
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs), often defined as those aged 15–39 years, face unique challenges in oncology that are often unmet by conventional care models. This systematic review examines evidence on establishing dedicated AYA oncology units, focusing on logistical, infrastructural, and personnel-related recommendations. A PRISMA-guided search of PubMed (2000–2024) identified seven studies that emphasized early stakeholder involvement and collaboration between pediatric and adult oncology teams to ensure comprehensive care. Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) of oncologists, nurses, and psychosocial support staff were highlighted as essential to address AYA patients’ diverse needs. Care models varied, with some advocating consultation-based services and others supporting dedicated units. Priorities included increasing clinical trial enrollment, fertility counseling, and creating environments attuned to AYA patients’ social and psychological needs. Key barriers included limited funding, institutional resistance, and inadequate pediatric/adult team collaboration. Despite progress, the lack of standardized guidelines and long-term data on AYA unit efficacy remains a challenge. Further research is required to develop outcome metrics, refine care models, and enhance survival and quality of life for AYA cancer patients.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Trends in Kampo Medicine Usage as Supportive Care During Anticancer Drug Treatment in Japanese Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Analysis from Fiscal Years 2015 to 2021
by
Hiroaki Ohta and Takeo Yasu
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020100 - 10 Feb 2025
Abstract
The adverse effects of anticancer drugs significantly impact the quality of life of patients undergoing chemotherapy, necessitating evidence-based supportive therapies. In Japan, Kampo medicines, traditional Japanese herbal therapies used for relief of various symptoms, have been widely used as complementary and alternative treatments
[...] Read more.
The adverse effects of anticancer drugs significantly impact the quality of life of patients undergoing chemotherapy, necessitating evidence-based supportive therapies. In Japan, Kampo medicines, traditional Japanese herbal therapies used for relief of various symptoms, have been widely used as complementary and alternative treatments for cancer, despite limited evidence regarding their efficacy and safety. Thus, we investigated the actual use of Kampo medicines as supportive care in patients undergoing anticancer drug treatment and evaluated the trends in prescription according to year. We analyzed 89,141 cancer drug therapy cases registered in the Japan Medical Data Center database between April 2014 and July 2022, excluding those with a history of Kampo medicine prescriptions before the first prescription of antineoplastic drugs. We assessed the trends in prescription according to sex, age group (<50, 50–74, and ≥75 years), and cancer type subgroup using the Cochran–Armitage trend test. Approximately 23.7% of patients were prescribed Kampo medicines during anticancer drug treatment. Since 2014, a decrease in the prescription of Kampo medicines during anticancer treatment has been observed regardless of sex, age, or cancer type. These findings suggest that recent negative reports on the efficacy and safety of Kampo medicines in cancer care may have influenced this trend.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Palliative Care and Supportive Medicine in Cancer)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Compartmentalization of High Infratemporal Fossa in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Its Impact on Clinical Outcome
by
Abhishek Mahajan, Ujjwal Agarwal, Renuka M. Ashtekar, Nivedita Chakrabarty, Richa Vaish, Vijay Maruti Patil, Vanita Noronha, Nandini Menon, Vasundhara Smriti, Jai Prakash Agarwal, Sarbani Ghosh-Laskar, Anil K. D’Cruz, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Prathamesh Pai, Asawari Patil, Munita Bal, Swapnil Rane, Neha Mittal and Kumar Prabhash
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020099 - 10 Feb 2025
Abstract
Background: According to the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), involvement of the masticator space and infratemporal fossa (ITF) in oral cancers indicates advanced disease (T4b), which is often considered unresectable. Previous studies have shown that the extent of
[...] Read more.
Background: According to the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), involvement of the masticator space and infratemporal fossa (ITF) in oral cancers indicates advanced disease (T4b), which is often considered unresectable. Previous studies have shown that the extent of ITF involvement influences management and outcomes. Therefore, to optimize management, T4b disease should be subclassified based on ITF involvement. Notably, infranotch disease has a more favorable prognosis compared to supranotch disease. Our study also observed that certain subsets of high anterior retroantral ITF involvement may be operable with favorable clinical outcomes. This study aims to derive a new image-based compartmentalization of high ITF involvement and assess its impact on the management and outcomes of oral head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients with high ITF involvement. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study included 154 non-metastatic, upfront unresectable locally advanced HNSCC patients who were fit for induction neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). ITF involvement was classified into distinct compartments, and detailed staging of the primary tumor (T) and regional nodes (Ns) was performed. Clinical data, including patient demographics, treatment received, and follow-up notes, were documented. Prognosis was assessed using survival metrics: event-free survival (EFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The ITF was categorized into the following compartments: compartment 1 (low ITF: medial pterygoid), compartment 2 (anterior high ITF: retroantral fat), compartment 3 (posterior high ITF), including 3a (paramandibular compartment: paramandibular fat/temporalis), 3b (muscle compartment: lateral pterygoid), and 3c (Perineural compartment: pterygopalatine fossa and pterygomaxillary fissure). Results: Of the 154 cases, 142 (92%) were classified as T4b, with 63 (40.9%) having high ITF involvement and 79 (55.6%) having low ITF involvement. Twelve cases had T4a disease, which was deemed unresectable due to extensive nodal involvement. Subcompartmentalization of the 63 high ITF cases revealed 26 (41.2%) with compartment 2 involvement, 17 (26.9%) with compartment 3a involvement, 11 (17.4%) with compartment 3b involvement, and 9 (14%) with compartment 3c involvement. Disease progression following NACT was significantly higher in compartment 3c, which showed a poor response (p = 0.007). Univariate analysis for PFS revealed similar outcomes for compartments 1 and 2 (p = 0.692), while compartment 3 demonstrated poorer outcomes (p = 0.033). Among thosehigh ITF involvement, compartment 3c had the worst PFS outcome (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Baseline imaging plays a critical role in guiding individualized treatment and predicting clinical outcomes. Low ITF involvement and disease limited to the high retroantral fat compartment exhibit similar clinical outcomes. Among the posterior high ITF compartments, involvement of the pterygopalatine fossa and pterygomaxillary fissure (compartment 3c) is associated with the worst prognosis and poor response to chemotherapy. Subcompartmentalization of ITF involvement provides valuable prognostic information to tailor treatment strategies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Head and Neck Oncology)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Safety and Efficacy in the Transcortical and Transsylvian Approach in Insular High-Grade Gliomas: A Comparative Series of 58 Patients
by
Alberto Morello, Francesca Rizzo, Andrea Gatto, Flavio Panico, Andrea Bianconi, Giulia Chiari, Daniele Armocida, Stefania Greco Crasto, Antonio Melcarne, Francesco Zenga, Roberta Rudà, Giovanni Morana, Diego Garbossa and Fabio Cofano
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020098 - 10 Feb 2025
Abstract
Gliomas within the insular region represent one of the most challenging problems in neurosurgical oncology. There are two main surgical approaches to address the complex vascular network and functional areas around the insula: the transsylvian approach and the transcortical approach. In the literature,
[...] Read more.
Gliomas within the insular region represent one of the most challenging problems in neurosurgical oncology. There are two main surgical approaches to address the complex vascular network and functional areas around the insula: the transsylvian approach and the transcortical approach. In the literature, there is not a clear consensus on the best approach in terms of safety and efficacy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of these approaches and to analyze prognostic factors on the natural history of insular gliomas. Patients with newly diagnosed high-grade insular gliomas who underwent surgery between January 2019 and June 2024 were analyzed. The series was analyzed according to the classification of Berger–Sanai and Yaşargil. The Karnofsky performance score (KPS), extent of resection (EOR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were considered the outcome measures. A total of 58 primary high-grade insular glioma patients were enrolled in this study. The IDH mutation was found in 13/58 (22.4%); specifically, 3/13 (23.1%) were grade 4, and 10/13 (76.9%) were grade 3. Furthermore, 40/58 patients (69%) underwent gross total resection (GTR), 15 patients (26%) subtotal resection, and 3 patients (5%) partial resection. Middle cerebral artery encasement negatively affected the OS. GTR, radiotherapy, KPS, and autonomous deambulation at a month after surgery positively affected the OS. The surgical approach used was transsylvian and transcortical in 11 and 47 cases, respectively. The comparison between the two different approaches did not display differences in terms of neurological deficits and OS (p > 0.05). The transcortical approach was related to the greater achievement of GTR (p = 0.031). According to the Berger–Sanai classification, the transcortical approach has higher EOR and postoperative KPS when the lesion is in zone III-IV (p = 0.029). Greater resection of insular gliomas can be achieved with an acceptable morbidity profile and is predictive of improved OS. Both the transsylvian and transcortical corridors to the insula are associated with low morbidity profiles. The transcortical approach with intraoperative mapping is more favorable for achieving greater EOR, particularly in gliomas within the inferior border of the Sylvian fissure.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment for Glioma: Retrospect and Prospect)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessCase Report
Treatment-Emergent Resistance to Asciminib in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Due to Myristoyl-Binding Pocket-Mutant of BCR::ABL1/A337V Can Be Effectively Overcome with Dasatinib Treatment
by
Peter Batar, Gabriella Mezei and Arpad Illes
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020097 - 9 Feb 2025
Abstract
Despite the groundbreaking success of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, the management of chronic myeloid leukemia patients is often impaired by resistance due to specific point mutations in the BCR::ABL1 oncogene. Upon classical ATP-competitive inhibitor treatment, these single nucleotide variants occur in the tyrosine
[...] Read more.
Despite the groundbreaking success of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, the management of chronic myeloid leukemia patients is often impaired by resistance due to specific point mutations in the BCR::ABL1 oncogene. Upon classical ATP-competitive inhibitor treatment, these single nucleotide variants occur in the tyrosine kinase domain of ABL1. The novel allosteric BCR::ABL1 inhibitor asciminib was developed to treat CML patients alone or in combination to overcome or potentially prevent these treatment-emergent TKD mutations. Here, we present a case of a patient undergoing first-line asciminib therapy, and subsequently develop a specific BCR::ABL1/A337V point mutation, which resulted in asciminib resistance. Switching to second-line dasatinib treatment successfully overcame asciminib resistance and helped to achieve a deep molecular response. In case of treatment failures caused by single asciminib-specific point mutations, dasatinib therapy is a feasible choice.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Hematology)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Understanding Diagnostic Costs Using Hospital-Based Encounters in the Year Before Diagnosis for Canadian Patients with Malignant Central Nervous System Tumours Compared to Common Cancers
by
Linwan Xu, Keyun Zhou, Yan Yuan and Emily V. Walker
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020096 - 9 Feb 2025
Abstract
Rare cancers pose significant diagnostic challenges, leading to more tests and higher healthcare expenditures (HEs). Understanding the financial implications of diagnosing rare cancers is crucial, particularly in Canada, where overall HEs are high (12% of the GDP in 2023). We investigated the pre-diagnostic
[...] Read more.
Rare cancers pose significant diagnostic challenges, leading to more tests and higher healthcare expenditures (HEs). Understanding the financial implications of diagnosing rare cancers is crucial, particularly in Canada, where overall HEs are high (12% of the GDP in 2023). We investigated the pre-diagnostic hospital–based HE for patients with malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumours and compared it to patients with common cancers across Canadian provinces, using in-patient and ambulatory care data (2010–2014) from the Canadian Institute for Health Information. Pre-diagnostic HE was calculated as the change in total HE (in-patient and out-patient) during the 12 months before diagnosis, calculated as the HE within this period minus the average annual HE estimated over the two preceding years. Comparison groups included pediatric patients diagnosed with leukemia and patients aged over 15 diagnosed with colorectal cancer and lung cancer. We used quantile regression to estimate the adjusted effect of diagnosis with a CNS tumour on pre-diagnostic HE. The results indicated that HE for CNS patients was higher compared to those with common cancers. The top three factors contributing to HE variation were encounter type (in-patient/out-patient), province (Alberta/Ontario), and comorbidities (yes/no). Further investigation is warranted to understand the drivers of the cost differences.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Health Economics)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
A Novel Deep Learning-Based (3D U-Net Model) Automated Pulmonary Nodule Detection Tool for CT Imaging
by
Abhishek Mahajan, Rajat Agarwal, Ujjwal Agarwal, Renuka M. Ashtekar, Bharadwaj Komaravolu, Apparao Madiraju, Richa Vaish, Vivek Pawar, Vivek Punia, Vijay Maruti Patil, Vanita Noronha, Amit Joshi, Nandini Menon, Kumar Prabhash, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Swapnil Rane, Priya Banwar and Sudeep Gupta
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020095 - 8 Feb 2025
Abstract
Background: Precise detection and characterization of pulmonary nodules on computed tomography (CT) is crucial for early diagnosis and management. Objectives: In this study, we propose the use of a deep learning-based algorithm to automatically detect pulmonary nodules in computed tomography (CT) scans. We
[...] Read more.
Background: Precise detection and characterization of pulmonary nodules on computed tomography (CT) is crucial for early diagnosis and management. Objectives: In this study, we propose the use of a deep learning-based algorithm to automatically detect pulmonary nodules in computed tomography (CT) scans. We evaluated the performance of the algorithm against the interpretation of radiologists to analyze the effectiveness of the algorithm. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in collaboration with a tertiary cancer center. We used a collection of public (LUNA) and private (tertiary cancer center) datasets to train our deep learning models. The sensitivity, the number of false positives per scan, and the FROC curve along with the CPM score were used to assess the performance of the deep learning algorithm by comparing the deep learning algorithm and the radiology predictions. Results: We evaluated 491 scans consisting of 5669 pulmonary nodules annotated by a radiologist from our hospital; our algorithm showed a sensitivity of 90% and with only 0.3 false positives per scan with a CPM score of 0.85. Apart from the nodule-wise performance, we also assessed the algorithm for the detection of patients containing true nodules where it achieved a sensitivity of 0.95 and specificity of 1.0 over 491 scans in the test cohort. Conclusions: Our multi-institutional validated deep learning-based algorithm can aid radiologists in confirming the detection of pulmonary nodules through computed tomography (CT) scans and identifying further abnormalities and can be used as an assistive tool. This will be helpful in national lung screening programs guiding early diagnosis and appropriate management.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging-Based Early Diagnosis of Cancers Using Artificial Intelligence)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessCase Report
Immune Checkpoint Blockade Response in Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma
by
Simran Makker, Neil J. Shah, Maria I. Carlo, Fengshen Kuo, A. Ari Hakimi, Ying-Bei Chen, Gopa Iyer and Ritesh R. Kotecha
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020094 - 8 Feb 2025
Abstract
Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a rare kidney tumor which is usually characterized by indolent disease physiology. While several high-grade and sarcomatoid MTSCC tumors have been reported, the clinical experience with contemporary immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) combination therapies extrapolated from
[...] Read more.
Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a rare kidney tumor which is usually characterized by indolent disease physiology. While several high-grade and sarcomatoid MTSCC tumors have been reported, the clinical experience with contemporary immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) combination therapies extrapolated from treatment paradigms of conventional renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains limited. Here, we report two patients with metastatic MTSCC treated with first-line ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy who both achieved great clinical benefit. We subsequently performed immune deconvolution analysis on previously identified MTSCC-like kidney tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and discovered significantly higher PD-L1 transcriptomic expression compared to similar papillary RCC tumors, providing additional biomarker data supporting the observed ICB response. These data implicate ICB therapy as an effective treatment for patients with metastatic MTSCC.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)
►▼
Show Figures

Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Measurement of Intratumor Heterogeneity and Its Changing Pattern to Predict Response and Recurrence Risk After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
by
Mingxi Zhu, Qiong Wu, Xiaochuan Geng, Huaying Xie, Yan Wang, Ziping Wu, Yanping Lin, Liheng Zhou, Shuguang Xu, Yumei Ye, Wenjin Yin, Jia Hua, Jingsong Lu and Yaohui Wang
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020093 - 7 Feb 2025
Abstract
The heterogeneity of breast tumors might reflect biological complexity and provide prediction clues for the sensitivity of treatment. This study aimed to construct a model based on tumor heterogeneity in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting the pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant
[...] Read more.
The heterogeneity of breast tumors might reflect biological complexity and provide prediction clues for the sensitivity of treatment. This study aimed to construct a model based on tumor heterogeneity in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting the pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This retrospective study involved 217 patients with biopsy-confirmed invasive breast cancer who underwent MR before and after NAC. Patients were randomly divided into the training cohort and the validation cohort at a 1:1 ratio. MR images were processed by algorithms to quantify the heterogeneity of tumors. Models incorporating heterogeneity and clinical characteristics were constructed to predict pCR. The patterns of heterogeneity variation during NAC were classified into four categories abbreviated as the heterogeneity high-keep group (H_keep group), heterogeneity low-keep group (L_keep group), heterogeneity rising group, and decrease group. The average heterogeneity in patients achieving pCR was significantly lower than in those who did not (p = 0.029). Lower heterogeneity was independently associated with pCR (OR, 0.401 [95%CI: 0.21, 0.76]; p = 0.007). The model combining heterogeneity and clinical characteristics demonstrated improved specificity (True Negative Rate 0.857 vs. 0.698) and accuracy (Accuracy 0.828 vs. 0.753) compared to the clinical model. Survival outcomes were best for the L_keep group and worst for the rising group (Log-rank p = 0.031). Patients with increased heterogeneity exhibited a higher risk of recurrence approaching two years post-surgery, particularly within the non-pCR population. The quantified heterogeneity of breast cancer in MRI offers a non-invasive method for predicting pCR to NAC and evaluating the implementation of precision medicine.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Radical Prostatectomy in Multimodal Setting: Current Role of Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Hormonal or Chemotherapy-Based Treatments
by
Marco Oderda, Giorgio Calleris, Giuseppe Carlo Iorio, Giuseppe Simone and Paolo Gontero
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020092 - 7 Feb 2025
Abstract
The role of neoadjuvant and adjuvant hormonal or chemotherapy-based treatments before or after radical prostatectomy in localized or locally advanced high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) is currently debatable. European guidelines recommend adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) only in pN1 patients after extended pelvic lymph
[...] Read more.
The role of neoadjuvant and adjuvant hormonal or chemotherapy-based treatments before or after radical prostatectomy in localized or locally advanced high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) is currently debatable. European guidelines recommend adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) only in pN1 patients after extended pelvic lymph node dissection based on outdated evidence on standard hormonal agents. The introduction of new-generation androgen receptor targeting agents (ARTAs) has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic PCa and might also impact the perioperative management of patients with high-risk localized disease. In the last years, a renewed interest has also arisen in chemotherapy-based neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatments alone or in combination with ADT and/or ARTAs. In the present review, we gathered the current evidence on the oncological outcomes of neoadjuvant and adjuvant systemic treatments in surgically treated patients with localized or locally advanced PCa. Despite mild benefits in terms of pathologic responses or oncological outcomes reported in some studies investigating ADT and/or chemotherapy in this setting of patients, strong evidence to support their use in clinical practice is lacking. Promising data in favor of ARTAs have been gathered from phase II trials and prospective series, but definitive results from phase III trials are awaited to confirm these findings.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection New Insights into Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment)
Open AccessCase Report
Chemotherapy-Induced Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia Complicated by Other Trigger Factors in a Child with T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia and UGT1A1 Mutation-Associated Gilbert Syndrome
by
Mohammad Shukri Khoo, Sharifah Naiema Jamalullail, C-Khai Loh, Sie Chong Doris Lau and Hamidah Alias
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(2), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32020091 - 7 Feb 2025
Abstract
Gilbert syndrome (GS) is an inherited disorder characterised by unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to a deficiency in hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) enzyme activity, responsible for bilirubin glucuronidation. This results in decreased bilirubin conjugation and excretion, leading to elevated serum unconjugated bilirubin levels.
[...] Read more.
Gilbert syndrome (GS) is an inherited disorder characterised by unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to a deficiency in hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) enzyme activity, responsible for bilirubin glucuronidation. This results in decreased bilirubin conjugation and excretion, leading to elevated serum unconjugated bilirubin levels. In T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL), treatment typically involves intensive chemotherapy regimens that include agents metabolised by the liver, requiring careful consideration of liver function and bilirubin metabolism in patients with concurrent GS. We present the case of a 15-year-old male who was diagnosed with T-ALL and treated with a chemotherapy regimen following the modified Dutch Child Oncology Group ALL-9 (High Risk) protocol. Concurrently, the patient was observed to have persistent unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia aggravated by infection and fasting despite normal to mildly deranged liver function, which was initially assumed to be attributed by 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP). Further workup confirmed a diagnosis of GS based on clinical history, laboratory findings, and genetic testing. We recommend performing a genetic analysis of UGT1A1 in patients presenting with chemotherapy-induced hyperbilirubinemia with no signs of liver impairment. This aims to prevent unnecessary alterations in chemotherapy regimens that could potentially increase the risk of relapse.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu
► ▼ Journal Menu-
- Current Oncology Home
- Aims & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Reviewer Board
- Topical Advisory Panel
- Instructions for Authors
- Special Issues
- Topics
- Sections & Collections
- Article Processing Charge
- Indexing & Archiving
- Editor’s Choice Articles
- Most Cited & Viewed
- Journal Statistics
- Journal History
- Journal Awards
- Society Collaborations
- Editorial Office
Journal Browser
► ▼ Journal Browser-
arrow_forward_ios
Forthcoming issue
arrow_forward_ios Current issue - Volumes not published by MDPI
Highly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Cancers, Diagnostics, JCM, Pharmaceutics, Current Oncology
From Basic Research to a Clinical Perspective in Oncology
Topic Editors: Bianca Gǎlǎţeanu, Octav Ginghină, Ariana HuditaDeadline: 1 March 2025
Topic in
Cancers, Cells, JCM, Radiation, Pharmaceutics, Applied Sciences, Nanomaterials, Current Oncology
Innovative Radiation Therapies
Topic Editors: Gérard Baldacchino, Eric Deutsch, Marie Dutreix, Sandrine Lacombe, Erika Porcel, Charlotte Robert, Emmanuelle Bourneuf, João Santos Sousa, Aurélien de la LandeDeadline: 30 April 2025
Topic in
Biomedicines, Current Oncology, Diagnostics, Gastrointestinal Disorders, JCM, Livers, Transplantology
Advances in Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: From Physiological Mechanisms to Clinical Practice
Topic Editors: Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone, Gian Paolo CavigliaDeadline: 20 June 2025
Topic in
Biomolecules, CIMB, Sci. Pharm., Cancers, Current Oncology, Cells
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Modulators of the Tumor Microenvironment
Topic Editors: Nils Ludwig, Miroslaw J SzczepanskiDeadline: 30 June 2025

Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Current Oncology
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Tumors
Guest Editors: Dante Amelio, Piera Navarria, Giuseppe MinnitiDeadline: 15 February 2025
Special Issue in
Current Oncology
New Perspectives in Real-World Drug Safety and Effectiveness in Cancer Treatment
Guest Editors: Manuel Morgado, Patrícia Cavaco, Fátima Falcão, Fátima RoqueDeadline: 25 February 2025
Special Issue in
Current Oncology
Pathways to Recovery and Resilience in Breast Cancer Survivorship
Guest Editor: Nazanin DerakhshanDeadline: 28 February 2025
Special Issue in
Current Oncology
Physical Activity and Exercise in Cancer Care
Guest Editor: Melanie KeatsDeadline: 28 February 2025
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
Current Oncology
New Insights into Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Collection Editor: Sazan Rasul
Topical Collection in
Current Oncology
New Insights into Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Collection Editors: Filippo Pesapane, Matteo Suter
Topical Collection in
Current Oncology
Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series in "Exercise and Cancer Management"
Collection Editors: Linda Denehy, Ravi Mehrotra, Nicole Culos-Reed
Topical Collection in
Current Oncology
Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Contemporary Perioperative Concepts in Cancer Surgery
Collection Editors: Vijaya Gottumukkala, Jörg Kleeff