When “One Size Fits All” Fits None: A Commentary on the Impacts of the “Draft Canadian Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines” on Racialized Populations in Canada
Perioperative Chemo-Immunotherapy in Non-Oncogene-Addicted Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Italian Expert Panel Meeting
Feasibility and Acceptability of Social Prescribing for Cancer Survivors

Journal Description

Current Oncology

Current Oncology is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal published online by MDPI (from Volume 28 Issue 1-2021). Established in 1994, the journal represents a multidisciplinary medium for clinical oncologists to report and review progress in the management of this disease. The Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists (CAMO), the Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology (CAPO), the Canadian Association of General Practitioners in Oncology (CAGPO), the Cell Therapy Transplant Canada (CTTC), the Canadian Leukemia Study Group (CLSG) and others are affiliated with the journal and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.

Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, MEDLINE, PMC, Embase, and other databases.
Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Oncology)
Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 19.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.4 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2024).
Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.

Impact Factor: 2.8 (2023); 5-Year Impact Factor: 2.9 (2023)

Imprint Information Journal Flyer Open Access ISSN: 1718-7729

Latest Articles

19 pages, 438 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nonregular Physical Activity and Handgrip Strength as Indicators of Fatigue and Psychological Distress in Cancer Survivors

by Ilaria Pepe, Alessandro Petrelli, Francesco Fischetti, Carla Minoia, Stefania Morsanuto, Livica Talaba, Stefania Cataldi and Gianpiero Greco

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 289; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050289 - 21 May 2025

Abstract

Background: Cancer survivors who do not engage in regular physical activity often experience persistent psychological distress and fatigue, which can significantly impact their quality of life. While handgrip strength (HGS) is recognized as an indicator of overall health and physical resilience, the combined role of HGS and physical inactivity in predicting psychological distress and fatigue in this population remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationships between self-reported physical inactivity, HGS, and psychological distress, specifically depressive symptoms, anxiety, and cancer-related fatigue (CRF), in physically inactive cancer survivors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 42 physically inactive cancer survivors (mean age = 63.2 years, SD = 8.96) recruited from the Cancer Institute (IRCCS) in Bari, Italy. Physical inactivity was quantified based on self-reported weekly physical activity minutes, with all participants engaging in less than 150 min per week. The participants underwent HGS assessment and completed validated psychological measures, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y1 and STAI-Y2), and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Results: Bivariate correlations were examined via Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of psychological distress and fatigue, adjusting for covariates such as age, sex, cancer type, and time since treatment completion. Both lower HGS and greater physical inactivity were significantly correlated with greater depressive symptoms (HGS: ρ = −0.524, p < 0.001; physical inactivity: ρ = −0.662, p < 0.001), greater fatigue severity (HGS: ρ = −0.599, p < 0.001; physical inactivity: ρ = −0.662, p < 0.001), and increased trait anxiety (HGS: ρ = −0.532, p < 0.001; physical inactivity: ρ = −0.701, p < 0.001). No significant associations were found between physical inactivity or HGS and state anxiety (p > 0.05). Multiple regression analyses confirmed that both HGS and physical inactivity independently predicted depressive symptoms (HGS: β = −0.435, p = 0.009; physical inactivity: β = −0.518, p = 0.002), trait anxiety (HGS: β = −0.313, p = 0.038; physical inactivity: β = −0.549, p < 0.001), and fatigue (HGS: β = −0.324, p = 0.033; physical inactivity: β = −0.565, p < 0.001), even after adjusting for covariates. Low physical activity and reduced muscle strength independently predict psychological distress and fatigue in cancer survivors. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential exacerbating role of physical inactivity in both physical and psychological vulnerability, underscoring the need for interventions promoting regular exercise. Integrating strength assessments and structured physical activity programs may be key strategies in survivorship care to improve mental well-being and overall quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Psychosocial Oncology)

14 pages, 11417 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Desmoid Dilemma: Challenges and Opportunities in Assessing Tumor Burden and Therapeutic Response

by Yu-Cherng Chang, Bryan Nixon, Felipe Souza, Fabiano Nassar Cardoso, Etan Dayan, Erik J. Geiger, Andrew Rosenberg, Gina D’Amato and Ty Subhawong

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050288 - 21 May 2025

Abstract

Desmoid tumors are rare, locally invasive soft-tissue tumors with unpredictable clinical behavior. Imaging plays a crucial role in their diagnosis, measurement of disease burden, and assessment of treatment response. However, desmoid tumors’ unique imaging features present challenges to conventional imaging metrics. The heterogeneous nature of these tumors, with a variable composition (fibrous, myxoid, or cellular), complicates accurate delineation of tumor boundaries and volumetric assessment. Furthermore, desmoid tumors can demonstrate prolonged stability or spontaneous regression, and biologic quiescence is often manifested by collagenization rather than bulk size reduction, making traditional size-based response criteria, such as Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), suboptimal. To overcome these limitations, advanced imaging techniques offer promising opportunities. Functional and parametric imaging methods, such as diffusion-weighted MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and T2 relaxometry, can provide insights into tumor cellularity and maturation. Radiomics and artificial intelligence approaches may enhance quantitative analysis by extracting and correlating complex imaging features with biological behavior. Moreover, imaging biomarkers could facilitate earlier detection of treatment efficacy or resistance, enabling tailored therapy. By integrating advanced imaging into clinical practice, it may be possible to refine the evaluation of disease burden and treatment response, ultimately improving the management and outcomes of patients with desmoid tumors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue An In-Depth Review of Desmoid Tumours)

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14 pages, 635 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Cancer Patient Navigation: Lessons from an Evaluation of Navigation Services in Alberta, Canada

by Linda Watson, Se’era May Anstruther, Claire Link, Siwei Qi, Kathryn Burrows, Michelle Lack, Krista Rawson and Andrea DeIure

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050287 - 21 May 2025

Abstract

Cancer patient navigation has emerged as a patient-centric intervention enabling equitable cancer care, by mitigating barriers patients encounter throughout their cancer journey. Cancer Care Alberta (CCA) implemented a professional navigation model over a decade ago and commissioned a program evaluation in response to evolving operational demands. The objectives were (1) to better understand the current state of CCA’s cancer patient navigation program; (2) to explore the need for other specialized streams; and (3) to provide key recommendations to strengthen and grow the program. A mixed methods approach, including a survey, administrative data, and semi-structured interviews, captured patient-, staff-, and system-level insights. Findings revealed difficulties in identifying complex patients needing navigation, along with inconsistencies regarding intake practices, program awareness, referral pathways, standardized workflows, and a lack of programmatic supports, which contributed to variability in service delivery. A need for enhanced palliative navigation support also emerged. Approximately 25% of surveyed patients reported being unable to access perceived needed support before their first oncology consultation. These findings underscore the importance of early, targeted navigation for equity-deserving populations. Recommendations include harmonizing program structure, refining navigator roles, expanding navigation streams, standardizing processes, and enhancing equity-focused competencies. These findings offer a roadmap with which to improve person-centered cancer care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Reviews in Section "Oncology Nursing")

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10 pages, 202 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Tegafur–Uracil Maintenance Therapy in Non-Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer: An Exploratory Systematic Review

by Hsu-Lin Lee, Po-Huang Chen, Tzu-Chuan Huang, Ren-Hua Ye, Yueng-Hsiang Chu, Jih-Chin Lee, Hong-Jie Jhou and Jia-Hong Chen

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050286 - 20 May 2025

Abstract

Background: Tegafur–uracil (UFT), an oral fluoropyrimidine developed in Asia, has been investigated as a maintenance or adjuvant therapy in various malignancies. Its use in head and neck cancers, however, remains limited to small retrospective studies, primarily from East Asia. Given the need for cost-effective maintenance strategies in resource-limited settings, we conducted an exploratory systematic review to evaluate the clinical utility of UFT in non-metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from inception through 1 May 2025 for retrospective cohort studies evaluating UFT after definitive therapy in non-metastatic HNSCC or NPC. Study selection followed PRISMA guidelines. Given the heterogeneity of included studies, we performed a structured narrative synthesis using the SWiM (Synthesis Without Meta-analysis) framework to summarize survival outcomes, treatment settings, and clinical contexts. Results: Seven retrospective studies (four HNSCC, three NPC) involving 508 patients were included. UFT was generally administered at 300–400 mg/day for 6–12 months. Across studies, UFT use was associated with favorable disease-free and overall survival trends in high-risk subgroups, including patients with extranodal extension and persistent EBV DNA. Treatment adherence and toxicity profiles were acceptable. Conclusions: While the evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, this review highlights recurring signals of benefit associated with UFT maintenance therapy in selected high-risk patients. Prospective trials are warranted to confirm these findings and better define a possible role of UFT in maintenance therapy in some advanced non-metastatic HNSCC and NPC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Head and Neck Oncology)

12 pages, 724 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for B-Cell Lymphomas in the Era of Novel Cellular Therapies: Experience from a Tertiary Canadian Center

by Mathias Castonguay, Jean Roy, Jean-Sébastien Claveau, Sylvie Lachance, Jean-Sébastien Delisle, Thomas Kiss, Sandra Cohen, Isabelle Fleury, Luigina Mollica, Imran Ahmad, Nadia Bambace, Léa Bernard, Denis-Claude Roy, Guy Sauvageau and Olivier Veilleux

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050285 - 20 May 2025

Abstract

Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) is a curative option for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas (BCLs), but its role in the evolving field of cellular therapy is increasingly unclear as recent advances in transplant procedures have improved outcomes. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 55 BCL patients (large B-cell lymphoma—LBCL; indolent BCL; and mantle cell lymphoma—MCL) treated with alloHCT from 2015 to 2023 at Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints included NRM and GVHD incidence. Results: A total of 55 patients were included (25 LBCLs, 16 indolent BCLs, 14 MCLs), and 76% of LBCLs were of indolent origin (Richter transformation, transformed follicular lymphoma). After a median follow-up of 6.1, 5.8 and 2.4 years for LBCLs, indolent BCLs and MCLs, their 5-year PFS and OS were 57.2% (IC 95%: 34.2–74.7) and 62.8% (IC 95%: 37.9–80.0), 81.2% (IC 95%: 52.5–93.5) and 93.8% (IC 95%: 63.2–99.1), and 39.0% (IC 95%: 14.3–63.3) and 68.1% (IC 95%: 35.4–86.8), respectively. The 5-year NRM was 16.9% (IC 95%: 8.2–28.3) with a relapse incidence of 23.4%. Overall/grade 3–4 acute GVHD occurred in 43.6% and 18.1% of patients. At 3 years, overall/moderate or severe chronic GVHD incidence was 49% and 34.5%. Conclusions: AlloHCT remains a potentially curative option and should be considered for fit patients with chemosensitive FL or LBCLs of indolent origin and a low comorbidity index. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Does the Conditioning Regimen Intensity Still Matter?)

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19 pages, 1061 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Co-Creation of a Psychosocial Support Website for Advanced Cancer Patients Obtaining a Long-Term Response to Immunotherapy or Targeted Therapy

by Laura C. Zwanenburg, Marije L. van der Lee, José J. Koldenhof, Janneke van der Stap, Karijn P. M. Suijkerbuijk and Melanie P. J. Schellekens

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050284 - 19 May 2025

Abstract

Due to new treatment options, the number of patients living longer with advanced cancer is rapidly growing. While this is promising, many long-term responders (LTRs) face difficulties adapting to life with cancer due to persistent uncertainty, feeling misunderstood, and insufficient tools to navigate their “new normal”. Using the Person-Based Approach, this study developed and evaluated a website in co-creation with LTRs, healthcare professionals, and service providers, offering evidence-based information and tools for LTRs. We identified the key issues (i.e., living with uncertainty, relationships with close others, mourning losses, and adapting to life with cancer) and established the website’s main goals: acknowledging and normalizing emotions, difficulties, and challenges LTRs face and providing tailored information and practical tools. The prototype was improved through repeated feedback from a user panel (n = 9). In the evaluation phase (n = 43), 68% of participants rated the website’s usability as good or excellent. Interview data indicated that participants experienced recognition through portrait videos and quotes, valued the psycho-education via written text and (animated) videos, and made use of the practical tools (e.g. conversation aid), confirming that the main goals were achieved. Approximately 90% of participants indicated they would recommend the website to other LTRs. The Dutch website—Doorlevenmetkanker (i.e., continuing life with cancer) was officially launched in March 2025 in the Netherlands. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Psychosocial Oncology)

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17 pages, 990 KiB

Open AccessReview

Healthcare Resource Use and Costs of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Complications: A Scoping Review

by Nancy V. Kim, Gemma McErlean, Serena Yu, Ian Kerridge, Matthew Greenwood and Richard De Abreu Lourenco

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050283 - 16 May 2025

Abstract

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) is an expensive and resource intensive procedure. This study aims to review the literature pertaining to healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs associated with allo-HSCT complications. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. The PubMed, EMBASE, and Health Business Elite were searched in addition to the grey literature. Eligibility criteria included studies that reported HRU and/or costs associated with adult (≥18 years) allo-HSCT. Studies were categorized according to complications of allo-HSCT including graft-versus-host disease (acute and chronic GVHD) and infections (fungal, cytomegalovirus, virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis, and acute respiratory tract infection). Commonly reported HRU and cost measures were extracted, including those associated with the direct management of allo-HSCT complications and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Reported costs were standardized to 2022 United States Dollars. Patients who experienced GVHD or infection post-transplant had an overall greater HRU including higher rates of hospitalization, hospital readmission, ICU admission, and longer length of stay compared to those patients who did not. Patients with severe or refractory GVHD and/or infection following allo-HSCT required greater healthcare intervention. This scoping review synthesizes the current literature on HRU and costs associated with post allo-HSCT complications. Patients who experienced post allo-HSCT complications had higher HRU and incurred higher costs overall, noting the variability across studies in their clinical context, reporting of HRU, and cost measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cell Therapy)

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11 pages, 624 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Effects of a Concurrent Mixed-Modality (Telerehabilitation and Face-to-Face) Exercise Rehabilitation Program in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma Prior to Spinal Cord Transplantation: A Case Study

by Juan Carlos Hernández-Sigüenza, Paula Blanco-Gimenez, Luis Baraja-Vegas, Josep López-Soler, Francisco Javier Falaguera-Vera, Eloy Jaenada-Carrilero and Juan Vicente-Mampel

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050282 - 16 May 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple myeloma constitutes approximately 12% of hematologic malignancies and predominantly affects older adults, significantly compromising their quality of life. Although exercise interventions have shown benefits in oncology, evidence specific to MM remains limited and of low certainty. The presence of complex comorbidities in MM patients necessitates highly individualized approaches. Prehabilitation has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance functional capacity prior to autologous stem cell transplantation. This case study evaluates the feasibility of a personalized, scheduled exercise intervention delivered via telerehabilitation. Intervention: This case study seeks to examine the feasibility of implementing a personalized and scheduled exercise intervention within a telerehabilitation framework for a medically complex patient with multiple myeloma (MM). The 12-week prehabilitation protocol is designed to enhance physical function prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation by integrating therapeutic exercise targeting key parameters related to quality of life and clinical resilience, such as muscular strength, aerobic capacity, coordination, and overall well-being. The intervention includes concurrent training (strength and aerobic exercises) delivered 2–3 times per week, with aerobic activities conducted independently at home through a virtual format. Assessments were performed at baseline and post-intervention. Results and conclusion: A personalized exercise program, implemented through a hybrid model of in-person and telerehabilitation, is both feasible and safe. It has the potential to enhance physical function and quality of life in patients with multiple myeloma. Further research is necessary to validate these findings across broader patient populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Hematology)

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14 pages, 606 KiB

Open AccessReview

Approaches to Reduce Toxicity in Pediatric Brain Tumors

by Hallie Coltin, Christina Coleman and Chantel Cacciotti

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050281 - 15 May 2025

Abstract

Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor survivors are highly susceptible to long-term toxicity due to tumor location and also the treatment received. Advancements in treatment techniques, risk-adapted approaches to therapy with adjustments to treatment regimens—including de-escalation when feasible—along with the addition of supportive [...] Read more.

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcomes and New Treatments in Pediatric Brain Tumors)

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23 pages, 710 KiB

Open AccessReview

Precision Medicine for Pediatric Glioma and NF1-Associated Tumors: The Role of Small Molecule Inhibitors

by Samuele Renzi, Julie Bennett, Nirav Thacker and Chantel Cacciotti

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050280 - 15 May 2025

Abstract

Pediatric gliomas encompass the most common brain tumor in children and are subdivided into pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) and pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs). The era of molecular diagnosis has shifted the treatment paradigms and management of these patients. RAS/MAPK pathway alterations serve as the driver in the majority of pLGGs, a subset of pHGG and NF1-related plexiform neurofibromas (PNs). The role of small molecule inhibitors in the treatment of these tumors has evolved in the past decade, facilitated through multiple clinical trials and moving into earlier stages of treatment. Although these developments hold promise, questions remain regarding targeted therapy, the long-term toxicities, the duration of treatment and the potential effects on the natural history of the tumor behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcomes and New Treatments in Pediatric Brain Tumors)

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13 pages, 1043 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing the Cancer Care Journey for Indigenous Patients: A Guide for Oncology Nurses

by Jennifer M. Shea, Tina Buckle, Sylvia Doody and Kathy Michelin

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050279 - 15 May 2025

Abstract

Background: Indigenous peoples nationally have seen a drastic increase in cancer diagnoses, often at later stages and with poorer survival rates than non-Indigenous Canadians. Colonization, assimilation policies, and racism within our healthcare system are contributors to these inequities. Methods: As a team, we have worked for over a decade to improve the cancer care journey of Indigenous patients in Labrador. We share learnings from a qualitative community-based project with Beneficiaries of the Labrador Inuit land claim agreement through sharing suggested improvements from participants to improve the cancer care journey. Objective: Acknowledging the diversity of Indigenous groups, we discuss suggestions as a guide and expand the discussion to provide interconnected suggestions for oncology nurses on enhancing care for their Indigenous patients. Conclusions: Oncology nurses play a crucial role in enhancing the cancer care journey for Indigenous peoples, necessitating a commitment to culturally safe environments, ongoing professional development, and advocacy for systemic changes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Reviews in Section "Oncology Nursing")

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11 pages, 530 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mechanistic Insights and Future Directions for Enfortumab Vedotin in Urothelial Carcinoma: Highlights from the 10th Annual Leo & Anne Albert Institute for Bladder Cancer Care and Research Symposium

by Catherine C. Fahey, Sean Clark-Garvey, Sima Porten, Ashish M. Kamat, Thomas W. Flaig, John A. Taylor, William Y. Kim and Matthew I. Milowsky

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050278 - 14 May 2025

Abstract

Enfortumab vedotin (EV) in combination with pembrolizumab (P) has led to a new paradigm for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Since the presentation of the results of the EV-302 trial at the European Society of Medical Oncology 2023 annual meeting, the entire treatment landscape for mUC has been upended. At the 2024 Albert Symposium, we reviewed ongoing research investigating predictive biomarkers for EV response and resistance as well as clinical trials exploring the potential role for EV in different clinical disease states including non-muscle invasive and muscle-invasive disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Immune Checkpoint Inhibition and Antibody Drug Conjugates in Urothelial Carcinoma)

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4 pages, 171 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

From Algorithms to Insight: The Transformative Power of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Urological Cancer Research

by Matthias May, Sabine Brookman-May and Emily Rinderknecht

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050277 - 14 May 2025

Abstract

As we advance into a new era of oncological science, artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer a peripheral tool—it is a central agent of change [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)

16 pages, 5955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association of OLFM4 with the Progression and Cisplatin Resistance of Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma

by Xinlu He, Xi Yao, Keling Pang, Xulin Chen, Zhengbo Wei and Ying Xie

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050276 - 13 May 2025

Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly prevalent malignant tumor globally with a poor prognosis. Despite continuous advancements in treatment modalities, the molecular mechanisms underlying its progression and chemotherapy resistance remain unclear. In previous studies, cisplatin drug induction was performed on HNSCC patient-derived tumor organoids (HNSCC-PDOs), successfully establishing a cisplatin-resistant organoid model (HNSCC-PDO^cisR). This study conducted RNA sequencing on cisplatin-resistant HNSCC-PDO^cisR and their parental PDOs. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the oncoprotein olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) was significantly upregulated in the drug-resistant model. Combined analysis of TCGA and CPTAC databases demonstrated that OLFM4 expression correlates with poor clinical prognosis in HNSCC. In vitro cellular experiments verified that OLFM4 overexpression significantly enhanced HNSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities (p < 0.05), while OLFM4 knockdown inhibited these phenotypes. Additionally, OLFM4 was found to mediate cisplatin resistance by regulating levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and ferrous ions (Fe²⁺), suppressing cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis while maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential. This study confirms that OLFM4 enhances tumor cell proliferation, migration, and resistance to cisplatin-induced cell death, thereby promoting HNSCC progression. These findings suggest OLFM4 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for HNSCC and a potential therapeutic target to reverse cisplatin resistance in HNSCC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Head and Neck Oncology)

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14 pages, 762 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Registered Dietitians in Cancer Palliative Care: Responsibilities, Challenges, and Interdisciplinary Collaboration—A Cross-Sectional Survey

by Saori Koshimoto, Koji Amano, Naoharu Mori, Atsuko Imai, Manami Sasaki, Miho Miyajima and Takashi Takeuchi

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050275 - 12 May 2025

Abstract

Registered dietitians (RDs) in palliative care help maintain patients’ quality of life by providing personalized nutritional support that alleviates eating-related distress. This study aimed to clarify the role of RDs in palliative care by examining their responsibilities and challenges in caring for cancer patients. A nationwide mailed survey was conducted in 2022, focusing on RDs involved in cancer palliative care. One RD per facility was included from all 501 hospitals accredited by Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Multivariate analysis identified factors related to collaboration with palliative care teams and challenges in cancer care. Responses from 325 RDs (63.9%) across 325 hospitals (63.9%) were analyzed. Among RDs who consistently collaborated with the palliative care team (PCT), significant associations (p < 0.05) were found with exclusive engagement in cancer/palliative care, providing nutritional counseling to inpatients, the frequency of ward rounds, and individualized meal provision. Challenges included the following: “I struggled with determining appropriate food choices for patients unable to eat”, and “Metabolic complications like cachexia hindered my ability to provide adequate support”. RDs play a crucial role in providing individualized meals for cancer patients through PCT collaboration and ward rounds. To ensure effective support in challenging situations, RDs must be exclusively engaged in palliative care and receive specialized education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Palliative and Supportive Care)

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12 pages, 1881 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Molecular Profiling in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Study on Prevalence and Prognosis

by Mustafa Özgür Arıcı, Bora Demirkan, Ebru Taştekin and Derya Kıvrak Salim

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050274 - 9 May 2025

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of molecular profiling in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This single-center study included patients diagnosed and treated between July 2020 and April 2024. The molecular profiles of patients detected by either next-generation sequencing or conventional methods were reviewed retrospectively. Survival analyses were conducted based on the targetable alterations and treatments received. Seventy patients were included, with a median age of 65 years and a median overall survival (OS) of 13 months. Of all patients, 56 (80%) had at least one molecular alteration, and the most frequent alteration was TP53 (52.9%), followed by KRAS (20%) and EGFR (8.6%). Eighteen patients (25.7%) had an alteration amenable to targeted therapy. Patients who could reach a matched targeted therapy at any treatment line exhibited a longer median OS compared to those who could not (not reached vs. 6.9 months, p = 0.042). Patients with a targetable alteration for first-line treatment demonstrated a longer progression-free survival compared to those without a targetable alteration (not reached vs. 4.9 months, p = 0.006). According to current guidelines, conducting molecular testing to identify all potential targetable alterations in NSCLC is the cornerstone of the treatment decision process. The survival analysis in this study emphasized the impact of the use of targeted therapies on the survival outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

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14 pages, 523 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Epidemiology, Treatment Patterns, Survival, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Costs of Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma (DDLPS) in Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Administrative Databases in Ontario

by Soo Jin Seung, Anisia Wong, Raymond Milan, Nisha Chandran and Albiruni R. Abdul Razak

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050273 - 9 May 2025

Abstract

Background: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a rare, aggressive tumour with poor survival outcomes in advanced settings. This study assessed the incidence/prevalence, treatment patterns, survival, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and costs for DDLPS patients in Ontario, Canada. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among DDLPS patients between 2010 and 2022 using administrative databases. Overall survival, all-cause HCRU, and costs (2023 Canadian dollars, CAD) were compared based on advanced disease and resection status. Results: The overall incidence and cumulative prevalence of DDLPS was 0.465 and 1.995 per 100,000 people, respectively. Of all 611 DDLPS cases (64.3% male, median age [IQR]: 67 [57–76] years), 40.3% and 61.0% had advanced and unresected disease, respectively. The median overall survival (mOS) was 69 months [IQR = 15–151] for the entire cohort, but this was significantly lower for advanced and unresected disease (p < 0.0001). Among patients receiving systemic treatments (N = 117), 81.2% were prescribed doxorubicin as first-line treatment. All-cause healthcare costs (2023 CAD) amounted to CAD 34,448 per person-year (PPY), with inpatient hospitalizations being the highest cost driver at CAD 14,522 PPY and 0.8 inpatient hospitalization PPY for all years. Advanced disease had higher HCRU and costs. Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive real-world evidence study that quantifies the high mortality and cost burden associated with DDLPS in Canada. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cost Effectiveness vs. Affordability in the Age of Targeted Drug Therapies)

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10 pages, 1726 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Multileaf Collimator Width and Normal Tissue Objective on Radiation Dose Distribution in Stereotactic Radiosurgery Using HyperArc for Single Brain Lesions

by Se An Oh, Jae Won Park, Ji Woon Yea, Jaehyeon Park and Yoon Young Jo

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050272 - 7 May 2025

Abstract

This study retrospectively investigated the impact of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) normal tissue objective (NTO) and multileaf collimator (MLC) width on radiation dose distribution in patients with brain metastasis treated using HyperArc. In total, 21 patients who underwent SRS using the HyperArc of the TrueBeam linear accelerator from November 2022 to June 2024 were included. All patients received radiotherapy with HA_SH planned with SRS NTO and HD MLC. HyperArc(HA_AH) combined with the auto NTO and HD MLC and HyperArc(HA_AM) with auto NTO and millennium MLC were generated and compared. Monitor units (MU), conformity index (CI), radical dose homogeneity index (rDHI), moderate DHI (mDHI), and gradient index (GI) were evaluated as target factors, and V₂(Gy), V₁₀(Gy), V₁₂(Gy), V₁₈(Gy), V₁₀(cc), and V₁₂(cc) were evaluated as normal brain factors. Dosimetric comparisons were performed between HA_SH, HA_AH, and HA_AM and between target and normal brain tissues. Between HA_SH and HA_AH, average MU was 7206 and 5798, respectively; the difference was significant (p < 0.001). The MU of HA_AM was 5835. Among HA_SH, HA_AH, and HA_AM, CI and mDHI were not significantly different, but there were significant differences in rDHI, GI, and normal brain tissues. When treating a single lesion using HyperArc, SRS NTO influences MU and GI, and the MLC width influences rDHI and GI. In HyperArc for single metastatic brain lesions, SRS NTO and MLC width have a significant effect on the radiation dose delivered to the target and normal brain tissues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Tumors)

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10 pages, 1292 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Drug Sensitivity Testing in Osteosarcoma: A Case Report

by Ines Lohse, Giselle Dutcher, Hassan Al-Ali, Warren Alperstein, Donald W. Coulter, Matteo Trucco, Jonathan C. Trent and Claes Wahlestedt

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050271 - 7 May 2025

Abstract

Precision medicine approaches using ex-vivo drug sensitivity testing (DST) have received attention in the cancer research community as a means to improve treatment stratification in populations where multiple treatment attempts are not feasible, or no standard-of-care treatment exists, such as ultra-rare cancers with a significant clinical need for effective treatment options, like osteosarcoma. DST has the potential to supplement existing patient stratification approaches by providing tumor-specific response data to aid in treatment selection at the time of treatment decision. We present the case of a pediatric osteosarcoma patient who was evaluated using DST at the time of standard-of-care treatment to evaluate treatment sensitivity. The DST screen indicated significant treatment sensitivity to anthracyclines and methotrexate, consistent with the first-line standard-of-care therapy (MAP). Clinical follow-up showed treatment sensitivity to standard-of-care MAP treatment and pathology results of 90% necrosis. The present case shows that DST screening is feasible from a technical standpoint, can be performed in a clinically relevant time frame that does not delay treatment start, and provides personalized drug sensitivity information on clinically available agents, and the DST results align with the clinical treatment response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology)

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7 pages, 3451 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Combination of Osimertinib and Brigatinib in the Treatment of EGFR Triple-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report

by Daphnée Demers and Marie Florescu

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(5), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32050270 - 7 May 2025

Abstract

Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is widely used in treating patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), especially in cases with secondary resistance mutations. However, tertiary resistance mutations often arise, and there is currently no established standard of care for NSCLC harboring triple EGFR mutations. In recent years, brigatinib, an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) TKI, has shown effectiveness in treating EGFR triple-mutated NSCLC. Despite this, the combined use of osimertinib and brigatinib remains largely unstudied. This case report describes a 51-year-old woman with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who was initially treated with first- and second-generation EGFR TKIs, then switched to osimertinib upon development of an exon 20 T790M mutation. When an exon 20 C797S mutation emerged, the decision was made to add brigatinib to the osimertinib regimen. The combined treatment of osimertinib and brigatinib offers a promising new approach. Nonetheless, it is important to consider the potential risk of off-target toxicities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

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