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Feasibility Analysis of Monitoring Contact Wire Rupture in High-Speed Catenary Systems
User-Friendly Tool for Expedited Ground Vibration Assessment Induced by Impact Pile Driving
EU Vibration Limit Values May Be Too Strict for Evaluating the Effect of Impact Loading on the Lower Back During Horse Riding
Comparison of Piezoelectric Stack-Based Passive and Active Vibration Suppression Systems for Satellite Solar Panels

Journal Description

Vibration

Vibration is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of vibration science and engineering, published quarterly online by MDPI.

Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web of Science), and other databases.
Journal Rank: CiteScore - Q2 (Engineering (miscellaneous))
Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 22.7 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.9 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2025).
Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Journal Cluster of Civil Engineering and Built Environment: Architecture, Buildings, CivilEng, Construction Materials, Infrastructures, Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction, NDT and Vibration.

Impact Factor: 1.6 (2024); 5-Year Impact Factor: 2.0 (2024)

Imprint Information Journal Flyer Open Access ISSN: 2571-631X

Latest Articles

25 pages, 5408 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chaos Suppression in Spiral Bevel Gears Through Profile Modifications

by Milad Asadi, Farhad S. Samani, Antonio Zippo and Moslem Molaie

Vibration 2025, 8(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8030038 (registering DOI) - 6 Jul 2025

Spiral bevel gears are used in a wide range of industries, such as automotive and aerospace, to transfer power between intersecting axes. However, a certain level of vibration is always present in the systems, primarily due to the complex dynamic forces generated during [...] Read more.

Spiral bevel gears are used in a wide range of industries, such as automotive and aerospace, to transfer power between intersecting axes. However, a certain level of vibration is always present in the systems, primarily due to the complex dynamic forces generated during the meshing of the gear teeth affected by the tooth profile. To address these challenges, this research developed a comprehensive dynamic model with eight degrees of freedom, capturing both translational and rotational movements of the system’s components. The study focused on evaluating the effects of two different tooth profile modifications, namely topology and flank modifications, on the vibration characteristics of the system. The system comprised a spiral bevel gear pair with mesh stiffness in forward rotation. The results highlighted that optimizing the tooth profile and minimizing tooth surface deviation significantly reduce vibration amplitudes and improve dynamic stability. These findings not only enhance the performance and lifespan of spiral bevel gears but also provide a robust foundation for the design and optimization of advanced gear systems in industrial applications, ensuring higher efficiency and reliability. In this paper, it was observed that some modifications led to a 68% reduction in vibration levels. Additionally, three modifications helped improve the vibrational behavior of the system, preventing chaotic behavior, which can lead to system failure, and transforming the system’s behavior into periodic motion. Full article

21 pages, 1084 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling Hysteretically Nonlinear Piezoelectric Composite Beams

by Abdulaziz H. Alazemi and Andrew J. Kurdila

Vibration 2025, 8(3), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8030037 (registering DOI) - 6 Jul 2025

This paper presents a modeling framework for hysteretically nonlinear piezoelectric composite beams using functional differential equations (FDEs). While linear piezoelectric models are well established, they fail to capture the complex nonlinear behaviors that emerge at higher electric field strengths, particularly history-dependent hysteresis effects. [...] Read more.

This paper presents a modeling framework for hysteretically nonlinear piezoelectric composite beams using functional differential equations (FDEs). While linear piezoelectric models are well established, they fail to capture the complex nonlinear behaviors that emerge at higher electric field strengths, particularly history-dependent hysteresis effects. This paper develops a cascade model that integrates a high-dimensional linear piezoelectric composite beam representation with a nonlinear Krasnosel’skii–Pokrovskii (KP) hysteresis operator. The resulting system is formulated using a state-space model where the input voltage undergoes a history-dependent transformation. Through modal expansion and discretization of the Preisach plane, we derive a tractable numerical implementation that preserves essential nonlinear phenomena. Numerical investigations demonstrate how system parameters, including the input voltage amplitude, and hysteresis parameters significantly influence the dynamic response, particularly the shape and amplitude of limit cycles. The results reveal that while the model accurately captures memory-dependent nonlinearities, it depends on numerous real and distributed parameters, highlighting the need for efficient reduced-order modeling approaches. This work provides a foundation for understanding and predicting the complex behavior of piezoelectric systems with hysteresis, with potential applications in vibration control, energy harvesting, and precision actuation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear Vibration of Mechanical Systems)

16 pages, 321 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association Between Vibrotactile and Thermotactile Perception Thresholds and Personal Risk Factors in Workers Exposed to Hand-Transmitted Vibration

by Fabiano Barbiero, Andrea Miani, Marcella Mauro, Flavia Marrone, Enrico Marchetti, Francesca Rui, Angelo Tirabasso, Carlotta Massotti, Marco Tarabini, Francesca Larese Filon and Federico Ronchese

Vibration 2025, 8(3), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8030036 - 4 Jul 2025

Background: Hand–arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is a well-recognized occupational condition resulting from prolonged exposure to hand-transmitted vibration (HTV), characterized by vascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal impairments. While vibration exposure is a known risk factor for HAVS, less is understood about the role of personal [...] Read more.

Background: Hand–arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is a well-recognized occupational condition resulting from prolonged exposure to hand-transmitted vibration (HTV), characterized by vascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal impairments. While vibration exposure is a known risk factor for HAVS, less is understood about the role of personal risk factors and, particularly regarding neurosensory dysfunction. This study aimed to examine the association between vibrotactile (VPT) and thermotactile perception thresholds (TPT) and individual risk factors and comorbidities in HTV-exposed workers. Methods: A total of 235 male HTV workers were evaluated between 1995 and 2005 at the University of Trieste’s Occupational Medicine Unit. Personal, occupational, and health-related data were collected, and sensory function was assessed in both hands. VPTs at 31.5 and 125 Hz and TPTs (for warm and cold) were measured on fingers innervated by the median and ulnar nerves. Results: Multivariable regression analysis revealed that impaired VPTs were significantly associated with age, higher daily vibration exposure (expressed as 8 h energy-equivalent A(8) values), BMI ≥ 25, smoking, vascular/metabolic disorders, and neurosensory symptoms. In contrast, TPTs showed weaker and less consistent associations, with some links to smoking and alcohol use. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, in addition to vibration exposure, individual factors such as aging, overweight, smoking, and underlying health conditions significantly contribute to neurosensory impairment and may exacerbate neurosensory dysfunction in a context of HAVS. The results underscore the importance of including personal health risk factors in both clinical assessment and preventive strategies for HAVS and may inform future research on its pathogenesis. Full article

49 pages, 9659 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Machine Learning Approach to Nonlinear Fluid-Induced Vibration of Pronged Nanotubes in a Thermal–Magnetic Environment

by Ahmed Yinusa, Ridwan Amokun, John Eke, Gbeminiyi Sobamowo, George Oguntala, Adegboyega Ehinmowo, Faruq Salami, Oluwatosin Osigwe, Adekunle Adelaja, Sunday Ojolo and Mohammed Usman

Vibration 2025, 8(3), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8030035 - 27 Jun 2025

Exploring the dynamics of nonlinear nanofluidic flow-induced vibrations, this work focuses on single-walled branched carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) operating in a thermal–magnetic environment. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), renowned for their exceptional strength, conductivity, and flexibility, are modeled using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory alongside Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity [...] Read more.

Exploring the dynamics of nonlinear nanofluidic flow-induced vibrations, this work focuses on single-walled branched carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) operating in a thermal–magnetic environment. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), renowned for their exceptional strength, conductivity, and flexibility, are modeled using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory alongside Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity to capture nanoscale effects for varying downstream angles. The intricate interactions between nanofluids and SWCNTs are analyzed using the Differential Transform Method (DTM) and validated through ANSYS simulations, where modal analysis reveals the vibrational characteristics of various geometries. To enhance predictive accuracy and system stability, machine learning algorithms, including XGBoost, CATBoost, Random Forest, and Artificial Neural Networks, are employed, offering a robust comparison for optimizing vibrational and thermo-magnetic performance. Key parameters such as nanotube geometry, magnetic flux density, and fluid flow dynamics are identified as critical to minimizing vibrational noise and improving structural stability. These insights advance applications in energy harvesting, biomedical devices like artificial muscles and nanosensors, and nanoscale fluid control systems. Overall, the study demonstrates the significant advantages of integrating machine learning with physics-based simulations for next-generation nanotechnology solutions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear Vibration of Mechanical Systems)

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22 pages, 6760 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nonlinear Dynamics of a Coupled Electromechanical Transmission

by Antonio Zippo, Moslem Molaie and Francesco Pellicano

Vibration 2025, 8(3), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8030034 - 20 Jun 2025

The mechanical connection between a transmission system and an electric motor gives rise to a strong interaction between their respective dynamics. In particular, the coupling between an electric motor and a nonlinear spur gear transmission significantly influences the overall dynamic behavior of the [...] Read more.

The mechanical connection between a transmission system and an electric motor gives rise to a strong interaction between their respective dynamics. In particular, the coupling between an electric motor and a nonlinear spur gear transmission significantly influences the overall dynamic behavior of the integrated system. This study presents a detailed investigation into the electromechanical coupling effects between a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) and a nonlinear spur gear transmission. To focus on these effects, three configurations are analyzed: (i) a standalone gear pair model without motor interaction, (ii) a combined gear–motor system without dynamic coupling, and (iii) a fully coupled electromechanical system where the mechanical feedback influences motor control. The dynamic interaction between the motor’s torsional vibrations and the gear transmission is captured using the derivative of the transmission error as a feedback signal, enabling a closed-loop electromechanical model. Numerical simulations highlight the critical role of this coupling in shaping system dynamics, offering insights into the stability and performance of electric drive–gear transmission systems under different operating conditions. It also underscores the limitations of traditional modeling approaches that neglect feedback effects from the mechanical subsystem. The findings contribute to a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of coupled motor–gear dynamics, which is essential for the design and control of advanced electromechanical transmission systems in high-performance applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear Vibration of Mechanical Systems)

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18 pages, 5977 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Attenuation of the First-Cycle Peak Response to an Impulse Disturbance

by Abasiodiong Jackson, Simon Fletcher and Andrew Longstaff

Vibration 2025, 8(2), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020033 - 17 Jun 2025

Traditional control strategies for vibration suppression primarily focus on reducing settling time. However, this approach may not adequately address situations where the initial peak response of the vibration poses a risk of damage. This paper presents a novel application of active disturbance rejection [...] Read more.

Traditional control strategies for vibration suppression primarily focus on reducing settling time. However, this approach may not adequately address situations where the initial peak response of the vibration poses a risk of damage. This paper presents a novel application of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for attenuating the first-cycle peak response of free vibration in flexible structures. Inspired by the sudden impact scenario of particle accelerator collimators, a smart beam was designed to investigate the percentage first-cycle peak attenuation (FCPA) achievable by the disturbance estimation-based controller, in comparison with a classical proportional–differential (PD) controller. This study examined the limitations of the controller in mitigating initial deviations caused by real-world factors, such as delay and noise, through experimental methods. Results indicate that the PD controller achieves a maximum attenuation of 18%, while the ADRC achieves 30% attenuation. Improving the collocation configuration of the smart beam further improves the ADRC attenuation to 46.5%. Experimental data was used to fine-tune the system model in a sensitivity analysis to determine the delay within the system. Additionally, a new tuning parameter, α, representing the ratio of the observer bandwidth to controller bandwidth, was introduced to investigate the impact of observer and controller gain choices. System noise was amplified by 20 to 30 times, depending on the α value, although no significant effect on the control of the beam was observed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibration in 2025)

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23 pages, 5541 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Innovative Double Dumbbell-Shaped Flux-Switching Linear Tube Generator for Ocean Wave Energy Conversion: Design, Simulation, and Experimental Validation

by Pooja Khatri, Zhenwei Liu, James Rudolph, Elie Al Shami and Xu Wang

Vibration 2025, 8(2), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020032 - 13 Jun 2025

This study introduces a novel double dumbbell-shaped flux-switching linear tube generator (DDFSLG) for ocean wave energy conversion. The innovative architecture features a uniquely shaped stator and translator, distinguishing it from conventional linear generators. Unlike traditional systems, the DDFSLG is housed in a cylindrical [...] Read more.

This study introduces a novel double dumbbell-shaped flux-switching linear tube generator (DDFSLG) for ocean wave energy conversion. The innovative architecture features a uniquely shaped stator and translator, distinguishing it from conventional linear generators. Unlike traditional systems, the DDFSLG is housed in a cylindrical buoy. The translator oscillates axially within the stator. This eliminates the need for motion rectification and reduces mechanical friction losses in the power take-off (PTO) system. These design advancements result in high power output and improved performance. The DDFSLG’s three-phase coil circuit is another key innovation, improving electrical performance and stability in irregular wave conditions. We conducted comprehensive experimental validation using an MTS-250 kN testing system, which demonstrated strong agreement between theoretical predictions and measured results. We compared star and delta coil connections to assess how circuit configuration affects power output and efficiency. Furthermore, hydrodynamic simulations using the JONSWAP spectrum and ANSYS AQWA software (Ansys 13.0) provide detailed insight into the system’s dynamic response under realistic oceanic conditions. Full article

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23 pages, 7637 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flow-Induced Vibrations of Five Cylinders in Uniform Current

by Henry Francis Annapeh, Victoria Kurushina and Guilherme Rosa Franzini

Vibration 2025, 8(2), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020031 - 11 Jun 2025

Predicting flow-induced vibration (FIV) of multiple slender structures remains a modern challenge in science and engineering due to the phenomenon’s sensitivity to layout parameters and the emergence of oscillations driven by multiple mechanisms. The present study examines the FIV of five circular cylinders [...] Read more.

Predicting flow-induced vibration (FIV) of multiple slender structures remains a modern challenge in science and engineering due to the phenomenon’s sensitivity to layout parameters and the emergence of oscillations driven by multiple mechanisms. The present study examines the FIV of five circular cylinders with two degrees of freedom arranged in a ‘cross’ configuration and subjected to a uniform current. A computational fluid dynamics approach, solving the transient, incompressible 2D Navier–Stokes equations, is employed to analyze the influence of the spacing ratio and reduced velocity

U_{r}

on the vibration response and wake dynamics. The investigation includes model verification and parametric studies for several spacing ratios. Results reveal vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) in some of the cylinders in the arrangement and combined vortex-induced and wake-induced vibration (WIV) in others. Lock-in is observed at

U_{r}

= 7 for the upstream cylinder, while the midstream and downstream cylinders exhibit the highest vibration amplitudes due to wake interference. Larger spacing ratios amplify the oscillations of the downstream cylinders, while the side-by-side cylinders display distinct frequency responses. Motion trajectories transition from figure-of-eight patterns to enclosed loops as

U_{r}

increases, with specifically complex oscillations emerging at higher velocities. These findings provide insights into multi-body VIV, relevant to offshore structures, marine risers, and heat exchangers. Full article

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16 pages, 6206 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of Active Boundary Control to Suppress Vibrations in String

by Soo-Min Kim and Moon K. Kwak

Vibration 2025, 8(2), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020030 - 10 Jun 2025

Strings are commonly used in engineering structures but are highly susceptible to vibrations due to their low structural stiffness and damping. Suppressing these vibrations poses a significant challenge, as existing tools and technologies are limited. This study investigates the design of an active [...] Read more.

Strings are commonly used in engineering structures but are highly susceptible to vibrations due to their low structural stiffness and damping. Suppressing these vibrations poses a significant challenge, as existing tools and technologies are limited. This study investigates the design of an active boundary control strategy to suppress the vibrations in a string. To achieve this, a dynamic model equipped with a displacement-type actuator and multiple displacement sensors was considered. A simple vibration control algorithm was proposed by designing a dynamic model with one degree of freedom. And the stability of the proposed algorithm was verified theoretically using this model. Based on the result for the simple case, a multi-input–multi-output control algorithm was designed in modal space. The numerical results show that the suppression of the vibration in the first three natural modes of the string using one boundary actuator, three displacement sensors, and the proposed control method was successful. Also, an experimental test bed was constructed to verify the practical validity of the proposed control method. The experimental results also demonstrate that the proposed control method can effectively suppress the three natural modes of string vibration. The effectiveness of the proposed control method has been verified both theoretically and experimentally. Full article

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32 pages, 11230 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integration of Lattice Structures into the Boring Bars as a Passive Chatter Suppression Technique: Concepualization, Modelling and Simulation

by Ekrem Oezkaya, Kubilay Aslantas, Adem Çiçek and Hüseyin Alp Çetindağ

Vibration 2025, 8(2), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020029 - 5 Jun 2025

The present study concentrates on passive damping technology, in which the damping of vibrations is accomplished by the integration of lattice structures into the boring bar. To complete this process, several steps must be followed. First, the largest possible hollow space within the [...] Read more.

The present study concentrates on passive damping technology, in which the damping of vibrations is accomplished by the integration of lattice structures into the boring bar. To complete this process, several steps must be followed. First, the largest possible hollow space within the boring bar was determined, and the two main influencing factors—stiffness and natural frequency—were harmonized. A rigorous analysis of vibration reduction was conducted on the basis of a validated simulation model. This analysis involved six distinct lattice structures designed using ANSYS SpaceClaim 19.0. In light of the findings, a specialized, application-specific CAD simulation tool was developed, employing appropriate methodologies to circumvent the limitations of conventional CAD software. For the hollow integrated into the boring bar, ellipsoidal shapes were shown to be preferable to cylindrical ones due to their superior dynamic performance. The initial lattice structure, namely a cube lattice with side cross supports, exhibited an enhancement in damping of 55.58% in comparison with the reference model. Following this result, five additional modelling steps were performed, leading to an optimal outcome with a 67.79% reduction in vibrations. Moreover, the modifications made to the beam diameter of the lattice units yielded enhanced dynamic performance, as evidenced by a vibration suppression of 69.81%. The implementation of complex modelling steps, such as the integration of a hollow and the integration of lattice structures, could be successfully achieved through the development of a suitable and user-friendly simulation tool. The effectiveness of the simulation tool in enabling parameterized modelling for scalable lattice structures was demonstrated. This approach was found to be expeditious in terms of the time required for implementation. The potential exists for the extension of this simulation tool, with the objective of facilitating research projects with a view to optimization, i.e., a large number of research projects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibration Damping)

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20 pages, 4313 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Time-Domain Solution Method for the Vibration Performance of Viscoelastic Functionally Graded Porous Beams

by Yuhua Cui, Tao Zeng, Yipeng Yang, Xiaohong Wang, Guodong Xu and Su Cheng

Vibration 2025, 8(2), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020028 - 29 May 2025

The viscoelastic behavior of functionally graded (FG) materials significantly affects their vibration performance, making it necessary to establish theoretical analysis methods. Although fractional-order methods can be used to set up the vibration differential equations for viscoelastic, functionally graded beams, solving these fractional differential [...] Read more.

The viscoelastic behavior of functionally graded (FG) materials significantly affects their vibration performance, making it necessary to establish theoretical analysis methods. Although fractional-order methods can be used to set up the vibration differential equations for viscoelastic, functionally graded beams, solving these fractional differential equations typically involves complex iterative processes, which makes the vibration performance analysis of viscoelastic FG materials challenging. To address this issue, this paper proposes a simple method to predict the vibration behavior of viscoelastic FG beams. The fractional viscoelastic, functionally graded porous (FGP) beam is modeled based on the Euler–Bernoulli theory and the Kelvin–Voigt fractional derivative stress-strain relation. Employing the variational principle and the Hamilton principle, the partial fractional differential equation is derived. A method based on Bernstein polynomials is proposed to directly solve fractional vibration differential equations in the time domain, thereby avoiding the complex iterative procedures of traditional methods. The viscoelastic, functionally graded porous beams with four porosity distributions and four boundary conditions are investigated. The effects of the porosity coefficient, pore distribution, boundary conditions, fractional order, and viscoelastic coefficient are analyzed. The results show that this is a feasible method for analyzing the viscoelastic behavior of FGP materials. Full article

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24 pages, 6980 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vibration Signal-Based Fault Diagnosis of Rotary Machinery Through Convolutional Neural Network and Transfer Learning Method

by Chirag Mongia and Shankar Sehgal

Vibration 2025, 8(2), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020027 - 25 May 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing proactive repair systems by enabling real-time identification of bearing faults in industrial machinery. However, traditional fault detection methods often struggle in dynamic environments due to their dependence on specific training conditions. To address this limitation, a transfer learning [...] Read more.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing proactive repair systems by enabling real-time identification of bearing faults in industrial machinery. However, traditional fault detection methods often struggle in dynamic environments due to their dependence on specific training conditions. To address this limitation, a transfer learning (TL)-based methodology has been developed for bearing fault detection, so that the model trained under some specific training conditions can perform accurately under significantly different real-time working conditions, thereby significantly improving diagnostic efficiency while reducing training time. Initially, a deep learning approach utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has been employed to diagnose faults based on vibration data. After achieving high classification performance at source domain conditions, the performance of the model is re-evaluated by applying it to the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) dataset as the target domain through the TL method. short-time Fourier transform is employed for signal preprocessing, enhancing feature extraction and model performance. The proposed methodology has been validated across various CWRU dataset configurations under different operating conditions and environments. The proposed approach achieved a 99.7% classification accuracy in the target domain, demonstrating effective adaptability and robustness under domain shifts. The results demonstrate how TL-enhanced CNNs can be used as a scalable and efficient way to diagnose bearing faults in industrial environments. Full article

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11 pages, 2038 KiB

Open AccessArticle

EU Vibration Limit Values May Be Too Strict for Evaluating the Effect of Impact Loading on the Lower Back During Horse Riding

by Nerissa A. Smit, Jelte E. Bos, Jaap H. van Dieën and Idsart Kingma

Vibration 2025, 8(2), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020026 - 21 May 2025

This study evaluated the suitability of the vibration dose value (VDV) and action and limit values from the EU Directive 2002/44/EC in assessing lower back health risks due to repeated shocks using common horse riding as an example. The difference between pelvis- and [...] Read more.

This study evaluated the suitability of the vibration dose value (VDV) and action and limit values from the EU Directive 2002/44/EC in assessing lower back health risks due to repeated shocks using common horse riding as an example. The difference between pelvis- and saddle-based VDV calculations was assessed. VDVs were calculated from accelerations measured using inertial measurement units (IMUs) on the saddle and the rider’s pelvis during walking (30 min) and cantering (10 min). Saddle and pelvis VDVs were similar, 12–31 m/s^1.75 for walking and 46–69 m/s^1.75 for cantering. Accelerations reached the action value (9.1 m/s^1.75) within 03:16 min of walking and 00:08 min of cantering. Accelerations reached the limit value (21 m/s^1.75) within 30:00 min or 00:26 min of cantering. Although VDV reached limits quickly, walking and cantering are generally harmless for the lower back. Application of the VDV and associated limits for repeated shocks assessment might need reconsideration. Full article

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20 pages, 2949 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimal Design Methodology of Maxwell–Coulomb Friction Damper

by Chun-Nam Wong and Wai-On Wong

Vibration 2025, 8(2), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020025 - 19 May 2025

The optimal design methodology for a Maxwell–Coulomb friction damper is proposed to minimize the resonant vibration of dynamic structures. The simple Coulomb friction damper has the problem of zero or little damping effect of the vibration of the spring–mass dynamic system at resonance. [...] Read more.

The optimal design methodology for a Maxwell–Coulomb friction damper is proposed to minimize the resonant vibration of dynamic structures. The simple Coulomb friction damper has the problem of zero or little damping effect of the vibration of the spring–mass dynamic system at resonance. This problem is solved in the case of the Maxwell–Coulomb friction damper, which is formed by combining a Coulomb friction damper with a spring element in series. However, the design and analysis of the Maxwell–Coulomb friction damper become much more complicated. The optimal design methodology for this nonlinear damper is proposed in this article. The nonlinear equations of motion of the proposed damper are modelled, and its hysteresis loop can be constructed by combining four different cases of stick–slide motion. Motion responses of the turbine blade with the proposed damper are solved by a central difference solver. Optimal paths of damping and stiffness ratios are determined by the central difference Newton search method. The optimal experimental design is ascertained using a prototype damper test. Close correlation with its numerical simulations is observed in our hysteresis loop comparison. The performance of the proposed damper is also compared to that of a viscous damper in the seismic response design of adjacent single-story buildings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibration Damping)

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20 pages, 3429 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Damping Identification Sensitivity in Flutter Speed Estimation

by Gabriele Dessena, Alessandro Pontillo, Marco Civera, Dmitry I. Ignatyev, James F. Whidborne and Luca Zanotti Fragonara

Vibration 2025, 8(2), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020024 - 16 May 2025

Predicting flutter remains a key challenge in aeroelastic research, with certain models relying on modal parameters, such as natural frequencies and damping ratios. These models are particularly useful in early design stages or for the development of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (maximum take-off [...] Read more.

Predicting flutter remains a key challenge in aeroelastic research, with certain models relying on modal parameters, such as natural frequencies and damping ratios. These models are particularly useful in early design stages or for the development of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (maximum take-off mass below 7 kg). This study evaluates two frequency-domain system identification methods, Fast Relaxed Vector Fitting (FRVF) and the Loewner Framework (LF), for predicting the flutter onset speed of a flexible wing model. Both methods are applied to extract modal parameters from Ground Vibration Testing data, which are subsequently used to develop a reduced-order model with two degrees of freedom. The results indicate that FRVF- and LF-informed models provide reliable flutter speed, with predictions deviating by no more than 3% (FRVF) and 5% (LF) from the N4SID-informed benchmark. The findings highlight the sensitivity of flutter speed predictions to damping ratio identification accuracy and demonstrate the potential of these methods as computationally efficient alternatives for preliminary aeroelastic assessments. Full article

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17 pages, 7015 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Studying the Behavior of a Paperboard Box: Experiment and Finite Element Model

by Boussad Abbès, Fazilay Abbès, Lien Tien Dao, Pham Tuong Minh Duong and Viet Dung Luong

Vibration 2025, 8(2), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020023 - 6 May 2025

In the transportation and distribution of goods, cardboard boxes are often subjected to mechanical impacts such as shocks and random vibrations, which can cause damage to the goods. In this study, static and dynamic tests on cardboard boxes were designed and conducted to [...] Read more.

In the transportation and distribution of goods, cardboard boxes are often subjected to mechanical impacts such as shocks and random vibrations, which can cause damage to the goods. In this study, static and dynamic tests on cardboard boxes were designed and conducted to determine the compression strength, natural frequencies, and modal characteristics of the boxes. A finite element model of cardboard boxes considering the in-plane orthotropic elastic–plastic behavior of the cardboard was implemented in the Abaqus software through a VUMAT subroutine to perform numerical simulations under compression and random vibrations. The parameters of the model were determined through an inverse identification process. As a first result, the predicted force–displacement curves show good agreement with the measured curves. Furthermore, the power spectral density (PSD) response of the mass/box system under random vibrations obtained through numerical simulations is consistent with the responses obtained from experimental measurements. Full article

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18 pages, 4484 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Feasibility Analysis of Monitoring Contact Wire Rupture in High-Speed Catenary Systems

by Andrea Collina, Antonietta Lo Conte and Giuseppe Bucca

Vibration 2025, 8(2), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020022 - 3 May 2025

The rupture of the contact wire (CW) of a railway overhead contact line (OCL or catenary) is expected to be a rare event. However, when it occurs, and a pantograph transits under the already broken section of the CW, this can have catastrophic [...] Read more.

The rupture of the contact wire (CW) of a railway overhead contact line (OCL or catenary) is expected to be a rare event. However, when it occurs, and a pantograph transits under the already broken section of the CW, this can have catastrophic consequences for the pantograph which in turn can cause a further extension of the damaged portion on the OCL with a consequent disruption in the service and cause there to be a long time before the operating condition can be restored. Therefore, the prevention of such events through effective catenary monitoring is gaining significant attention. The purpose of this work is to investigate the feasibility of a monitoring system that can be installed at each end of an OCL section which is able to detect the occurrence of a broken CW event, sending an alert to the management traffic system, so as to stop the train traffic before the damaged catenary is reached by other trains. A nonlinear dynamic analysis is employed to model the OCL’s response following a simulated CW rupture and identify a set of variables that can be measured at the line’s extremities related to the occurrence of breakage in the CW. Several locations of the rupture of a CW section along the line are simulated to investigate the influence on the time pattern of the measured variables and consequently on the extraction of a signature. Finally, a proposed measurement setup is presented, combining accelerometers and displacement transducers, instead of the direct measurement of the axial load of the OCL conductors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Railway Dynamics and Ground-Borne Vibrations)

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16 pages, 2584 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Study of Different Linear Analysis for Seismic Resistance of Buildings According to Eurocode 8

by Ivelin Ivanov and Dimitar Velchev

Vibration 2025, 8(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020021 - 3 May 2025

Structural design in Europe should strongly follow EN 1998-1 or so called Eurocode 8 (EC8), for a seismic resistance assessment of structures. Eurocode 8 recommends two linear methods and two nonlinear methods. The nonlinear methods require some knowledge about the nonlinear behavior of [...] Read more.

Structural design in Europe should strongly follow EN 1998-1 or so called Eurocode 8 (EC8), for a seismic resistance assessment of structures. Eurocode 8 recommends two linear methods and two nonlinear methods. The nonlinear methods require some knowledge about the nonlinear behavior of beams and joints in the structure, which makes the linear methods preferable. An alternative method of the seismic loading representation is to use artificial accelerograms with the same or similar spectra as the response spectrum used for modal spectrum analysis. Using an artificial diagram, three approaches in finite element methods exist: explicit time integration, implicit time integration, and modal dynamics. A typical six-story steel structure is modeled using the finite element method, and all linear methods are examined in both horizontal directions. The structure is examined by the modal response spectrum method using sufficient modes, as well as with and without the residual mode. The results are compared, and conclusions concerning the efficiency and precision of methods are deduced. Time history loading by accelerograms reveals higher dynamics and stress in the structural response than the modal response spectrum and lateral forces methods. The time history analysis methods have almost no difference in accuracy, and the modal dynamics method is the cheapest one. Full article

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17 pages, 3642 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Crack Location in Wind Turbine Blades Using Vibration Signal and Support Vector Machine

by Perla Y. Sevilla-Camacho, José B. Robles-Ocampo, Juvenal Rodríguez-Resendíz, Sergio De la Cruz-Arreola, Marco A. Zuñiga-Reyes and Edwin N. Hernández-Estrada

Vibration 2025, 8(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020020 - 21 Apr 2025

This study introduces a new method to locate cracks in wind turbine blades using the support vector machine algorithm and the tangential vibration signal measured at the root blade in static conditions. The method was implemented in hardware and experimentally validated on 200 [...] Read more.

This study introduces a new method to locate cracks in wind turbine blades using the support vector machine algorithm and the tangential vibration signal measured at the root blade in static conditions. The method was implemented in hardware and experimentally validated on 200 W wind turbine blades. The blade conditions were healthy, and transverse cracked at the root, midsection, and tip. The experimental procedure is easy, and only one low-cost piezoelectric accelerometer is needed, which is affordable and straightforward to install. The machine learning technique used requires a small dataset and low computing power. The results show exceptional performance, achieving an accuracy of 99.37% and a precision of 98.77%. This approach enhances the reliability of wind turbine blade monitoring. It provides a robust early detection and maintenance solution, improving operational efficiency and safety in wind energy production. K-nearest neighbors and decision trees are also used for comparison purposes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning Applications to Vibration Problems)

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30 pages, 39645 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Global Admittance: A New Modeling Approach to Dynamic Performance Analysis of Dynamic Vibration Absorbers

by Cuauhtémoc Mazón-Valadez, Eduardo Barredo, Jorge Colín-Ocampo, Javier A. Pérez-Molina, Demetrio Pérez-Vigueras, Ernesto E. Mazón-Valadez and Agustín Barrera-Sánchez

Vibration 2025, 8(2), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020019 - 16 Apr 2025

The vibration control in structural design has long been a critical area of study, particularly in mitigating undesirable resonant vibrations using dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs). Traditional approaches to tuning DVAs have relied on complex mathematical models based on Newtonian or Euler–Lagrange equations, often [...] Read more.

The vibration control in structural design has long been a critical area of study, particularly in mitigating undesirable resonant vibrations using dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs). Traditional approaches to tuning DVAs have relied on complex mathematical models based on Newtonian or Euler–Lagrange equations, often leading to intricate systems requiring simplification of the analysis of multi-degree-of-freedom structures. This paper introduces a novel modeling approach for analyzing DVAs based on the concept of global admittance, which stems from mechanical admittance and network simplifications. This model streamlines the representation of structures with DVAs as one-degree-of-freedom systems coupled with a global admittance function, which emulates additional damping coupled to the primary structure. In this work, global admittance functions are determined by the independent analysis of the mechanical networks of the DVA, restructuring the process of obtaining the system’s transfer function. The model was validated using different classical DVA configurations, demonstrating total accuracy in its applicability across designs concerning conventional modeling. Our most remarkable finding was that the dimensionless function,

γ_{g} (Ω)

, resulting from the global admittance, partially decouples the dynamics of the DVAs from the primary structure, facilitating the implementation of passive vibration control strategies in more realistic structural models. Additionally, this work establishes a significant advancement in vibration control analysis, providing a flexible tool for control strategies in real-world structural systems. Full article

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Machine Learning Applications to Vibration Problems Guest Editor: Maria Chierichetti
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Railway Dynamics and Ground-Borne Vibrations Guest Editors: Aires Colaço, Hassan Liravi, Pedro Alves Costa
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