Porous media have great application prospects, such as transpiration cooling for the aerospace industry. The main challenge for the prediction of gas permeability includes the geometrical complexity and high Knudsen number of gas flow at the nano-sca...
Residual stress has a three-dimensional scale effect (length, depth, and width) in the process of repair welding, which has a detrimental impact on the service of the aluminum alloy welded structures in high-speed trains. This paper aims to systemati...
Backward probabilities have been used for decades to track hydrologic targets such as pollutants in water, but the convenient deviation and scale effect of backward probabilities remain unknown. This study derived backward probabilities for groundwat...
Urban greening programs in Chinese megacities are premised on the assumption that vegetation cools the surface and improves air quality simultaneously, yet greenness is usually quantified in two dimensions and the thermal and air-quality services are...
Force sensitive conductive composite materials are functional materials which can be used as the sensitive material of force sensors. However, the existing sensors only use one-dimensional electrical properties of force sensitive conductive materials...
Learning environments are typically designed according to nominal seating capacity, yet their actual visual performance often falls well below this figure—a discrepancy defined here as an illusion of capacity. Conventional two-dimensional sight...
Three-dimensional woven composites exhibit excellent through-thickness reinforcement, delamination resistance, and damage tolerance, making them promising candidates for lightweight load-bearing structures in aerospace and rail transportation applica...
Three-dimensional micro-scale sensors are in high demand in the fields of metrology, precision manufacturing and industry inspection. To extend the minimum measurable dimension and enhance the accuracy, a tapered four-cores fiber Bragg grating (FBG)...
Multi-line-scan camera systems provide high-frequency sampling and wide field-of-view coverage, making them valuable for three-dimensional measurement and dynamic reconstruction. However, their one-dimensional projection property introduces scale amb...
The accurate prediction of small-scale three-dimensional wind fields is of great practical significance for aviation safety, wind power generation, and related fields. This study proposes a novel method for predicting small-scale three-dimensional wi...
Cracks at the corners of casting billets have a small morphology and rough surfaces. Corner cracks are generally irregular, with a depth of about 0.2–5 mm and a width of about 0.5–3 mm. It is difficult to detect the depth of cracks and th...
Digital core refers to the use of three-dimensional physical imaging equipment and mathematical modeling to image the internal microstructure of a core and the use of computers to study the connectivity and pore distribution of the core microstructur...
The complexities and the economic computational infeasibility associated in some cases, with three-dimensional finite element models, has imposed a motive for many investigators to accept numerical modeling simplification solutions such as assuming t...
Numerical modelling is a valuable and effective tool for predicting the dynamics of the inundation caused by the failure of a dam or dyke, thereby assisting in mapping the areas potentially subject to flooding and evaluating the associated flood haza...
In situ thermal desorption is one of the most promising remediation techniques for soils contaminated with non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), but its remediation efficiency is limited by the thermal conductivity (k) of NAPL-contaminated soils. The fr...
Computational modelling is an effective technique for understanding the complex physics of machining. Large deformations, material separation, and high computational requirements are the key challenges faced while simulating machining. This work intr...
The uniformity of amplitude distribution and amplitude gain are two main factors affecting the performance of ultrasonic welding vibration system. In order to improve the uniformity of amplitude distribution and amplitude gain of welding surface to e...
The exploration of some dangerous or important small-scale magnetic objects requires accurate three-dimensional inversion results. In this paper, a three-dimensional inversion method for small-scale magnetic objects is proposed. Normalized magnetic s...
Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers have the potential to operate as both a sensor and as an actuator of ultrasonic waves. Currently, manufactured transducers operate effectively over narrow bandwidths as a result of their regular structures which i...
Three-dimensional Riemann–Liouville time-fractional integro-differential equations provide useful prototype models for diffusion and transport processes with temporal memory and weakly singular hereditary effects. Their numerical solution is ch...
With the development of intelligent agricultural machinery and unmanned farms, agricultural production is gradually evolving toward greater autonomy, reduced labor dependence, and higher precision. To address the limitation of a single sensor in unst...
Three-dimensional woven composites have been reported to have superior fracture toughness, fatigue life and damage tolerance compared with laminated composites due to through-thickness reinforcement. These properties make them lighter replacements fo...
The three-dimensional, turbulent, free-surface flow developing in the surf zone over a constant-slope beach as a result of the interaction between the longshore current and the undertow, induced by spilling wave breaking oblique to the shoreline, is...
An advanced numerical model is presented for the simulation of wave-induced free-surface flow, utilizing an efficient hybrid parallel implementation. The model is based on the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations using large-eddy simulation of lar...
In this paper, the influence of micro-fractures on the flow of tight reservoirs is studied on the microscopic scale. Three-dimensional digital cores of fractured tight sandstone with varying fracture apertures, lengths, and dip angles are constructed...
Current advanced transistor architectures, such as FinFETs and (stacked) nanowires and nanosheets, employ truly three-dimensional architectures. Already for aggressively scaled bulk transistors, both statistical and systematic process variations have...
Accurate power estimation is fundamental to effective tidal turbine design. While turbines are typically designed for specific Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) ranges, the Reynolds number (
For the numerical prediction of turbomachinery flows, a two-equation turbulence model in combination with a proper transition model to account for laminar boundary layers and their transition to turbulence is state of the art. This paper presents the...
The three-dimensional morphological analysis of urban buildings constitutes a pivotal component of urban planning and sustainable development. Nevertheless, the majority of current research is two-dimensional in nature, which constrains the comprehen...
Seismic travel time tomography using surface waves is an effective tool for three-dimensional crustal imaging. Historically, these surface waves are the result of active seismic sources or earthquakes. More recently, however, surface waves retrieved...
The rapid growth of sophisticated malware, including polymorphic, metamorphic, and zero-day threats, has made traditional signature-based and heuristic detection methods increasingly insufficient in modern desktop computing environments. As cyber thr...
The equivalent pipe network (EPN) model is an effective way to model fluid flow in large-scale fractured rock masses with a complex fracture network due to its straightforwardness and computational efficiency. This study presents the EPN model for ch...
To examine the integrated influence of urban spatial form on the urban heat island (UHI) effect, this study selects the area within Beijing’s Fifth Ring Road as a case study. A multiscale grid system is established to quantify fourteen two- and...
A newly developed three-dimensional electrostatic fluid model solving continuity and current closure equations aims to study phenomena that generate ionospheric turbulence. The model is spatially discretized using a pseudo-spectral method with full F...
Highly stable and active low-temperature CO oxidation catalysts without noble metals are desirable to achieve a sustainable society. While zero-dimensional to three-dimensional Co3O4 nanoparticles show high catalytic activity, simple-structured nanoc...
A fractal, a self-similar organic or geometric pattern that repeats at varying scales, is one of the most compelling characteristics found in nature. Previous studies on fractal patterns have demonstrated consistent trends in potential psychological...
The present paper shows the results of three-dimensional (3D) meso-scale numerical simulations that were performed on unconfined and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)-confined concrete specimens under uniaxial compression. The numerical results...
Here, a novel hybrid method of intelligent fault identification within complex mechanical systems was proposed using parallel-factor (PARAFAC) theory and adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) for a support vector machine (SVM). The parallel-fac...
To characterize the three-dimensional evolution of creep damage in deep roadway surrounding rock, this study establishes a COMSOL-based (Multiphysics 6.3) integrated analysis framework coupling creep damage, seismic velocity response and three-dimens...
Implicit flexible multibody dynamics using three-dimensional continuum finite elements remains computationally demanding due to repeated nonlinear iterations in large-scale simulations. The component-level co-rotational (CR) continuum finite element...
Mineralogy 4.0 can play a significant role in the future of geological research, education, and exploration by providing a more comprehensive and interactive understanding of rocks and minerals. This paper explores the application of digital photogra...
Faced with both global climate change and rapid urbanization, understanding how the built environment affects surface runoff is essential for strengthening urban hydrological resilience. However, elucidating the nonlinear and interactive effects of t...
We investigate the temperature evolution in the three-dimensional skin tissue exposed to a millimeter-wave electromagnetic beam that is not necessarily perpendicular to the skin surface. This study examines the effect of the beam’s incident ang...
A number of experiments on fluid flow at the micro/nano-scale have demonstrated that flow velocity obviously deviates from the classical Poiseuille’s law due to the micro forces between the wall and the fluid. Based on an oil–water two-phase network...
An accurate analysis of local-scale atmospheric dispersion of radioactive materials is important for safety and consequence assessments and emergency responses to accidental release from nuclear facilities. It is necessary to predict the three-dimens...
Advanced micro/nano-flexible sensors, displays, electronic skins, and other related devices provide considerable benefits compared to traditional technologies, aiding in the compactness of devices, enhancing energy efficiency, and improving system re...
2 October 2022
This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Multicomponent Mental Health Literacy Scale (MMHLS) among Chinese elite athletes. Particularly, the factorial validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, concurrent validity, in...
Three-dimensional imaging plays a crucial role at the micro-scale in fields such as precision manufacturing and materials science. However, image noise significantly impacts the accuracy of point cloud reconstruction, making image denoising technique...
Urban traffic noise poses escalating environmental challenges in rapidly urbanizing regions with high-density buildings, yet systematic investigations into its spatiotemporal characteristics remain relatively scarce. This study addresses this researc...
Health management in captive animals is difficult for various unknown reasons presumably related to physiological functions, disease, and diet. Generally, abnormal conditions are diagnosed based on body weight; however, zoos lack appropriate scales f...
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