Fractal and Fractional — Open Access Journal

In this paper, we give difference equations on fractal sets and their corresponding fractal differential equations. An analogue of the classical Euler method in fractal calculus is defined. This fractal Euler method presets a numerical method for solving fractal differential equations and finding approximate analytical solutions. Fractal differential equations are solved by using the fractal Euler method. Furthermore, fractal logistic equations and functions are given, which are useful in modeling growth of elements in sciences including biology and economics. Full article

This work is intended to directly supplement the previous work by Coutsias and Kazarinoff on the foundational understanding of lacunary trigonometric systems and their relation to the Fresnel integrals, specifically the Cornu spirals [Physica 26D (1987) 295]. These systems are intimately related to incomplete Gaussian summations. The current work provides a focused look at the specific system built off of the triangular numbers. The special cyclic character of the triangular numbers modulo m carries through to triangular lacunary trigonometric systems. Specifically, this work characterizes the families of Cornu spirals arising from triangular lacunary trigonometric systems. Special features such as self-similarity, isometry, and symmetry are presented and discussed. Full article

This paper proposes novel analytical solutions of the mass-spring-damper systems described by certain generalized fractional derivatives. The Liouville–Caputo left generalized fractional derivative and the left generalized fractional derivative were used. The behaviors of the analytical solutions of the mass-spring-damper systems described by the left generalized fractional derivative and the Liouville–Caputo left generalized fractional derivative were represented graphically and the effect of the orders of the fractional derivatives analyzed. We finish by analyzing the global asymptotic stability and the converging-input-converging-state of the unforced mass-damper system, the unforced spring-damper, the spring-damper system, and the mass-damper system. Full article

We look at estimates for the Green’s function of time-fractional evolution equations of the form $D_{0+\ast }^{\nu }u=Lu$, where $D_{0+\ast }^{\nu }$ is a Caputo-type time-fractional derivative, depending on a Lévy kernel $\nu$ with variable coefficients, which is comparable to $y^{-1-\beta }$ for $\beta \in (0,1)$, and L is an operator acting on the spatial variable. First, we obtain global two-sided estimates for the Green’s function of $D_0^{\beta }u=Lu$ in the case that L is a second order elliptic operator in divergence form. Secondly, we obtain global upper bounds for the Green’s function of $D_0^{\beta }u=\mathrm{\Psi }(-i\nabla )u$ where $\mathrm{\Psi }$ is a pseudo-differential operator with constant coefficients that is homogeneous of order $\alpha$. Thirdly, we obtain local two-sided estimates for the Green’s function of $D_0^{\beta }u=Lu$ where L is a more general non-degenerate second order elliptic operator. Finally we look at the case of stable-like operator, extending the second result from a constant coefficient to variable coefficients. In each case, we also estimate the spatial derivatives of the Green’s functions. To obtain these bounds we use a particular form of the Mittag-Leffler functions, which allow us to use directly known estimates for the Green’s functions associated with L and $\mathrm{\Psi }$, as well as estimates for stable densities. These estimates then allow us to estimate the solutions to a wide class of problems of the form $D_0^{(\nu ,t)}u=Lu$, where $D^{(\nu ,t)}$ is a Caputo-type operator with variable coefficients. Full article

In this paper, we investigate a new class of boundary value problems involving fractional differential equations with mixed nonlinearities, and nonlocal multi-point and Riemann–Stieltjes integral-multi-strip boundary conditions. Based on the standard tools of the fixed point theory, we obtain some existence and uniqueness results for the problem at hand, which are well illustrated with the aid of examples. Our results are not only in the given configuration but also yield several new results as special cases. Some variants of the given problem are also discussed. Full article

In this paper, we find the solutions of fourth order fractional boundary value problems by using the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method. Firstly, the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method is introduced and then the method is applied to this kind problems. The experiments are discussed and the approximate solutions are obtained to be more correct compared to the other obtained results in the literature. Full article

In this paper, we introduce the concept of fractal random variables and their related distribution functions and statistical properties. Fractal calculus is a generalisation of standard calculus which includes function with fractal support. Here we combine this emerging field of study with probability theory, defining concepts such as Shannon entropy on fractal thin Cantor-like sets. Stable distributions on fractal sets are suggested and related physical models are presented. Our work is illustrated with graphs for clarity of the results. Full article

In this paper, we apply a new technique, namely, the local fractional Laplace homotopy perturbation method (LFLHPM), on Helmholtz and coupled Helmholtz equations to obtain analytical approximate solutions. The iteration procedure is based on local fractional derivative operators (LFDOs). This method is a combination of the local fractional Laplace transform (LFLT) and the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The method in general is easy to implement and yields good results. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the new technique. Full article

In this paper, firstly we have established a new generalization of Hermite–Hadamard inequality via p-convex function and fractional integral operators which generalize the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operators introduced by Raina, Lun and Agarwal. Secondly, we proved a new identity involving this generalized fractional integral operators. Then, by using this identity, a new generalization of Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for fractional integral are obtained. Full article

The p-moment exponential stability of non-instantaneous impulsive Caputo fractional differential equations is studied. The impulses occur at random moments and their action continues on finite time intervals with initially given lengths. The time between two consecutive moments of impulses is the Erlang distributed random variable. The study is based on Lyapunov functions. The fractional Dini derivatives are applied. Full article

We investigated existence and uniqueness conditions of solutions of a nonlinear differential equation containing the Caputo–Fabrizio operator in Banach spaces. The mentioned derivative has been proposed by using the exponential decay law and hence it removed the computational complexities arising from the singular kernel functions inherit in the conventional fractional derivatives. The method used in this study is based on the Banach contraction mapping principle. Moreover, we gave a numerical example which shows the applicability of the obtained results. Full article

In this paper, we apply the local fractional Laplace variational iteration method (LFLVIM) and the local fractional Laplace decomposition method (LFLDM) to obtain approximate solutions for solving the damped wave equation and dissipative wave equation within local fractional derivative operators (LFDOs). The efficiency of the considered methods are illustrated by some examples. The results obtained by LFLVIM and LFLDM are compared with the results obtained by LFVIM. The results reveal that the suggested algorithms are very effective and simple, and can be applied for linear and nonlinear problems in sciences and engineering. Full article

In this manuscript, we study symmetries of fractal differential equations. We show that using symmetry properties, one of the solutions can map to another solution. We obtain canonical coordinate systems for differential equations on fractal sets, which makes them simpler to solve. An analogue for Noether’s Theorem on fractal sets is given, and a corresponding conservative quantity is suggested. Several examples are solved to illustrate the results. Full article

The main objective of this paper is to obtain the Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for exponentially s-convex functions via the Katugampola fractional integral. The Katugampola fractional integral is a generalization of Riemann–Liouville fractional integral and Hadamard fractional integral. Some special cases and applications to special means are also discussed. Full article

In the oil industry, many reservoirs produce from partially penetrated wells, either to postpone the arrival of undesirable fluids or to avoid problems during drilling operations. The majority of these reservoirs are heterogeneous and anisotropic, such as naturally fractured reservoirs. The analysis of pressure-transient tests is a very useful method to dynamically characterize both the heterogeneity and anisotropy existing in the reservoir. In this paper, a new analytical solution for a partially penetrated well based on a fractal approach to capture the distribution and connectivity of the fracture network is presented. This solution represents the complexity of the flow lines better than the traditional Euclidean flow models for single-porosity fractured reservoirs, i.e., for a tight matrix. The proposed solution takes into consideration the variations in fracture density throughout the reservoir, which have a direct influence on the porosity, permeability, and the size distribution of the matrix blocks as a result of the fracturing process. This solution generalizes previous solutions to model the pressure-transient behavior of partially penetrated wells as proposed in the technical literature for the classical Euclidean formulation, which considers a uniform distribution of fractures that are fully connected. Several synthetic cases obtained with the proposed solution are shown to illustrate the influence of different variables, including fractal parameters. Full article