A micro-expression (ME) is a kind of involuntary facial expressions, which commonly occurs with subtle intensity. The accurately recognition ME, a. k. a. micro-expression recognition (MER), has a number of potential applications, e.g., interrogation...
Estimating the measurement uncertainty (MU) is becoming increasingly mandatory in analytical toxicology. This study evaluates the uncertainty in the quantitative determination of urinary amphetamine (AP) and 4-hydroxyamphetamine (4HA) using a liquid...
31 August 2026
AI recommendation assistants increasingly provide quasi-advisory support in online health-product shopping, yet little is known about how their expressions of uncertainty shape consumer decisions. Drawing on the stimulus–organism–response...
High-temperature strain gauges are widely used in the strain monitoring of the hot-end components of aero-engines. In the application of strain gauges, the calibration of the gauge factor (
Power quality is a wide-ranging and current topic that involves a huge effort from the scientific community. Power quality issues have to be avoided or solved in order to preserve the integrity of the network and its assets. To this purpose, several...
There is currently interest in the digitalisation of metrology because technologies that can measure, analyse, and make critical decisions autonomously are beginning to emerge. The notions of metrological traceability and measurement uncertainty shou...
Measurement uncertainty is an extremely important parameter for characterizing the quality of measurement results. In order to measure the reliability of atmospheric temperature detection, the uncertainty needs to be evaluated. In this paper, based o...
Coordinate measuring machines are widely used in the industrial field due to their ease of automation. However, estimating the measurement uncertainty is a delicate task, especially when controlling for deviation, given the large number of factors th...
Detailed measurements of yield values are becoming a common practice in precision agriculture. Field harvesters generate point Big Data as they provide yield measurements together with dozens of complex attributes in a frequency of up to one second....
Background: Accurate prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is limited by biological heterogeneity and the absence of formal per-patient uncertainty quantification for treatment-response prediction. This study introduces a multi-layer evi...
The increasing number of disposable packaging boxes has caused a huge waste of resources and environmental problems. In order to promote the effective use of sustainable express packaging, this study builds a reverse network of recyclable express pac...
Safety evaluations usually test refusal, abstention, and stated confidence separately. We treat them as one property, appropriate uncertainty expression, and audit it in text and vision across six small open-weight LLMs and five vision-language model...
The cognitive emotions of individuals during tasks largely determine the success or failure of tasks in various fields such as the military, medical, industrial fields, etc. Facial video data can carry more emotional information than static images be...
Reliable evaluation of emotional expression in large language model (LLM) outputs remains methodologically under-specified, particularly for long-form generation where label-only correctness provides limited evidence of affective reliability. A claim...
The continuing increase in data processing power in modern devices and the availability of a vast amount of data via the internet and the internet of things (sensors, monitoring systems, financial records, health records, social media, etc.) enabled...
The importance of inland ports in promoting current cross-border trade is increasingly recognized. In this work, we aim to design the entire network for the cross-border multimodal container transport system based on inland ports. Unlike previous stu...
Studying tissue-independent components of cancer and defining pan-cancer subtypes could be addressed using tissue-specific molecular signatures if classification errors are controlled. Since PAM50 is a well-known, United States Food and Drug Administ...
This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the robust optimization of the China–Europe freight train transportation organization under uncertain cargo transportation demand. The study commences by constructing a robust optimization model tailo...
The quality of digital poetry or art—not merely as contained within our aesthetic reaction to digitally expressive works but as well our intellectual grounding in them—suggests that the digital’s seemingly ephemeral character is an indication of its...
Model-based clustering with finite mixture models has become a widely used clustering method. One of the recent implementations is MCLUST. When objects to be clustered are summary statistics, such as regression coefficient estimates, they are natural...
Facial displays can be ambiguous indicators of internal affect, but physiological-proxy-gated fusion has rarely been evaluated with transparent failure analysis. SilentDepress AI is examined here as an affect-fusion prototype rather than a clinical d...
An approach to estimate both the reliability index β and its complement, the probability of failure, through closed-form expressions that consider aleatory and epistemic uncertainties, is proposed. Alternatively, exceedance demand rates are obta...
For chemical measurements, calibration is typically conducted by regression analysis. In many cases, generalized approaches are required to account for a complex-structured variance–covariance matrix of (in)dependent variables. However, in the...
The 2D-FFT is described as a traditional method for signal processing and analysis. Due to the possibility to determine the time and frequency (t,f) domains, such a method has a wide application in various industrial fields. Using that method, the ob...
In this paper, we relate Poisson’s summation formula to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. They both express Fourier dualities within the space of tempered distributions and these dualities are also inverse of each other. While Poisson’s summation f...
The uncertainty associated with probing the quantum state is expressed as the effective abundance (measure) of possibilities for its collapse. New kinds of uncertainty limits entailed by the quantum description of the physical system arise in this ma...
Quantitative determination of the uncertainty of a measurement result is the key to assessing the quality and reliability of a measurement process and its result. The comparability of measurement results is ensured by the method for evaluating and ex...
In 1974, Stephen Hawking made the groundbreaking discovery that black holes emit thermal radiation, characterized by a specific temperature now known as the Hawking temperature. While his original derivation is intricate, retrieving the exact express...
The ever-increasing concerns of the growth in the volume of waste tires and new strict government legislations to reduce the environmental impact of the end-of-life (EOL) tires have increased interest among companies to design a sustainable and effic...
Active radar calibrators (ARCs), also known as calibration transponders, are often used as reference targets for the absolute radiometric calibration of radar systems due to their large radar cross-sections (RCSs). Before such a transponder can be us...
This paper is concerned with coordinate measuring machine (CMM) uncertainty evaluation, in particular, the uncertainties associated with point clouds and distances derived from the point cloud. The uncertainty evaluation approach is model-based follo...
The well-known Robertson–Schrödinger uncertainty relations have state-dependent lower bounds, which are trivial for certain states. We present a general approach to deriving tight state-independent uncertainty relations for qubit measurements that co...
The evaluation of measurement uncertainty of natural gas properties calculated from composition data are an essential aspect of fiscal metering in the trade of natural gas. For conformity assessment, and in gas allocation, it is essential to have a r...
A gas diluter based on critical orifices was built and evaluated. The gas diluter is capable of creating dilution ratios of 1:1400 at a total flow of 6.5 L/min. An extended uncertainty analysis of gas concentrations and dilution ratios according to t...
This paper considers the evaluation of uncertainty of quantitative gel electrophoresis. To date, such uncertainty estimation presented in the literature are based on the multiple measurements performed for assessing the intra- and interlaboratory rep...
Supplement 1 to the ‘Guide to the expression of uncertainty of measurement’ describes a Monte Carlo method as a general numerical approach to uncertainty evaluation. Application of the approach typically delivers a large number of values...
Molecular Radiation Therapy (MRT) is a valid therapeutic option for a wide range of malignancies, such as neuroendocrine tumors and liver cancers. In its practice, it is generally acknowledged that there is a need to evaluate the influence of differe...
The expanded uncertainty of the measured Brillouin scattering shift frequencies is essential in assessing the measurements of parameters of various materials. We describe the general operation principles of a Brillouin light scattering (BLS) spectrom...
The High Voltage Laboratory (LABAV) at the Escuela Politécnica Nacional conducts dielectric tests on safety shoes in accordance with the ASTM F2412-18 standard. Additionally, as per the NTE INEN ISO 17025 standard, the laboratory must estimate...
Viewing conversations from an epistemic perspective involves analysing how participants navigate their knowledge, handle uncertainty, and address their lack of knowledge. This article focuses on the use of epistemic disclaimers, i.e., linguistic expr...
Indeterminacy associated with the probing of a quantum state is commonly expressed through spectral distances (metric) featured in the outcomes of repeated experiments. Here, we express it as an effective amount (measure) of distinct outcomes instead...
This paper presents measurement uncertainty propagation through four basic photovoltaic cell models: One-diode model without resistances, with one resistance and with two resistances and two-diode model with two resistances. The expressions for the o...
The imperative need to advance the development of more efficient electric motors requires the meticulous measurement of small increments while minimizing the associated uncertainty in dynamometer tests. One of the key variables in such tests is the a...
In this study, a novel method based on analysis is presented to search for the upper/lower bounds of uncertainty parameters in microgrids (MGs). It is well known that uncertainty parameters have important effects in a MG, and they may cause...
This study aims to develop a framework for evaluating the uncertainty of a surface image velocimeter (SIV) based on the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) standard. To achieve this, the uncertainty factors of the SIV were tho...
Quantitative uncertainty analysis is generally taken as an indispensable step in the calibration of a remote sensor. A full uncertainty propagation chain has not been established to set up the metrological traceability for surface reflectance inverse...
The study of dense gases and liquids requires consideration of the interactions between the particles and the correlations created by these interactions. In this article, the N-variable distribution function which maximizes the Uncertainty (Shannon&r...
Measurement models that have a chemical composition as one of the arguments require special attention when used with the law of propagation of uncertainty from the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. The constraint that the amount...
The classical uncertainty principle inequalities are imposed over the general relativity geodesic equation as a mathematical constraint. In this way, the uncertainty principle is reformulated in terms of proper space–time length element, Planck lengt...
A virtual experiment simulates a real measurement process by means of a numerical model. The numerical model produces virtual data whose properties reflect those of the data observed in the real experiment. In this work, we explore how the results of...
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