Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas, and accurately estimating its global budget is essential for climate change mitigation. This review provides a comparative synthesis of top-down, bottom-up, and integrated approaches for quantifying methane e...
The population of a considerable number of rural areas in the interior of Spain is in decline. Faced with this problem, various institutions are launching initiatives to enhance the territorial heritage (natural and cultural) of these areas and, star...
This research explores the Kazakhstani public schools’ English language teaching (ELT) policy. Despite numerous policy reforms to enhance English language teaching (ELT) in Kazakhstani public schools, relatively little research has examined tea...
To meet the increasing demands for structural lightweighting in electric vehicles (EVs), carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) has been gradually introduced to reduce weight and enhance passenger safety in automotive engineering. The battery-pack en...
When using the explicit dynamic relaxation approach (DRA) to model the quasi-static rock breakage, fragmentation, and flow problems, especially the top-coal caving question, introducing numerical damping into the solution equation is inevitable for r...
Lignin, a main byproduct from paper manufacturing and biorefineries, is now emerging as a new low-cost, renewable starting material for new product development. Its biocompatibility and safety make it valuable for creating novel and value-added produ...
Protein and drug engineering comprises a major part of the medical and research industries, and yet approaches to discovering and understanding therapeutic molecular interactions in biological systems rely on trial and error. The general approach to...
This paper combines organizational and theological frameworks to address the integration of Christian spirituality at work (SAW). It begins with a brief explanation of SAW, followed by a more narrow description of Christian SAW. The paper then provid...
The selection of an appropriate construction method stands as a pivotal decision in ensuring the success of any building project. This paper undertakes a comprehensive comparative analysis of cost and timeline implications between the top-down and bo...
Water losses are responsible for increased energy consumption in water supply systems (WSS). The energy associated with water losses (EWL) is typically considered to be proportional to the water loss percentage obtained in water balances. However, th...
Flood risk management in the context of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) is becoming widely accepted as an approach to improving resilience in light of increasing flood risks due to climate change and other factors. This paper contributes...
Vehicular emissions are a predominant source of pollution in urban environments. However, inherent complexities of vehicular behavior are sources of uncertainties in emission inventories (EIs). We compare bottom-up and top-down approaches for estimat...
Melanin is an insoluble, amorphous polymer that forms planar sheets that aggregate naturally to create colloidal particles with several biological functions. Based on this, here, a preformed recombinant melanin (PRM) was utilized as the polymeric raw...
The process of building microgrids on top of existing passive distribution networks warrants a multi-criteria analysis. Besides the calculation of the investment outlays needed for the modernization of distribution networks, such an analysis covers a...
Small open reading frames (sORFs) have translational potential to produce peptides that play essential roles in various biological processes. Nevertheless, many sORF-encoded peptides (SEPs) are still on the prediction level. Here, we construct a stra...
There are debates on choices between the bottom-up and top-down urban regeneration approaches, and the former is often considered to be better quality since it includes mass stakeholders. This research aims to extend the understanding of the governme...
Tissue engineering (TE) was initially designed to tackle clinical organ shortage problems. Although some engineered tissues have been successfully used for non-clinical applications, very few (e.g., reconstructed human skin) have been used for clinic...
This paper presents a comparison between two procedures for the generation of water demand time series at both single user and nodal scales, a top-down and a bottom-up procedure respectively. Both procedures are made up of two phases. The top-down pr...
The key topic of this article is the attempt to take a comprehensive and not always reflected approach to environmental protection in the Ostrava-Karviná agglomeration. It emphasizes the importance of environmental interactions between humans...
Graphene, a two-dimensional material with remarkable electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, has revolutionized the fields of electronics, energy storage, and nanotechnology. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of graphene synthesis...
We investigate the coupled-top model, which describes two large spins interacting along both x and y directions. By tuning coupling strengths along distinct directions, the system exhibits different symmetries, ranging from a discrete
Growing numbers of promising visions of the future and scenarios that may lead toward building sustainable societies are being developed. At the same time, advanced technologies and research seeds that could increase the likelihood of achieving such...
27 September 2020
A common argument is that the comprehensive implementation of the river chief system (RCS) is a clear indication of the Chinese government’s strong commitment to overcoming the problem of water pollution. Scant attention, nonetheless, has been...
Immuno-oncology (IO) focuses on the ability of the immune system to detect and eliminate cancer cells. Since the approval of the first immune checkpoint inhibitor, immunotherapies have become a major player in oncology treatment and, in 2021, represe...
Understanding the complexity of urban systems remains a significant challenge for researchers and practitioners in urban planning and governance. Cities function as multifaceted systems composed of interconnected subsystems with nonlinear interaction...
In this study, we developed dynamic top height growth models for the eight important Chinese tree species Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii, Pinus tabuliformis Carr., Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv., Picea asperata Mast., Quercus mongol...
Skin dermoscopy images frequently lack contrast caused by varying light conditions. Indeed, often low contrast is seen in dermoscopy images of melanoma, causing the lesion to blend in with the surrounding skin. In addition, the low contrast prevents...
Nanomaterials are endowed with unique features and essential properties suitable for employing in the field of nanomedicine. The nanomaterials can be classified as 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D based on their dimensions. The nanomaterials can be malleable and d...
With increasing population, the need for research ideas on the field of reducing wastage of water can save a big amount of water, money, time, and energy. Water leakage (WL) is an essential problem in the field of water supply field. This research is...
Recent progress in fabricating flexible electronics has been significantly developed because of the increased interest in flexible electronics, which can be applied to enormous fields, not only conventional in electronic devices, but also in bio/eco-...
During the last decade, advances in the remote sensing of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations by the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite-1 (GOSAT-1), GOSAT-2, and Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) have produced finer-resolution atmospheric carbo...
Precipitation is one of the crucial variables in the hydrological and ecological cycles. High-quality precipitation data are of great importance for climate change, water resource management, and agricultural research over complex terrains. Recently,...
Sustainable agricultural development in rural sub-Saharan Africa increasingly depends on coordinated governance of energy and water resources. Despite the growing deployment of solar photovoltaic water pumping systems (SPVWPS), little is known about...
In a global context, the identification of frameworks and assessment tools for achieving sustainable development requires the study of urban sustainability at different scales. While sustainability can be quantified more precisely on a larger scale,...
25 November 2022
The experience linked to the COVID-19 emergency constituted a turning point in the biography of most Italians. The suspension of usual activities, the redefinition of life contexts and the restriction of relationships have opened up wide spaces and t...
Academic researchers in technical and policy fields tend to pay little attention to the metaphysical and ontological ‘priors’ that nevertheless structure and determine scientific strategies and results. Green political agendas rooted in e...
Sustainable Development Goal 11.7 (SDG 11.7) aims to promote the improvement of urban public spaces. However, the localization process of SDG 11.7 mainly relies on a bottom-up problem-solving approach, which fails to fully encompass the connotation o...
A wide variety of foods manufactured by nanotechnology are commercially available on the market and labeled as nanoproducts. However, it is challenging to determine the presence of nanoparticles (NPs) in complex food matrices and processed foods. In...
Caseinomacropeptide (CMP) is released from bovine kappa-casein after rennet treatment and is one of the major peptides in whey protein isolate. CMP has in vitro anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. CMP has two major amino acid sequences wi...
This study presents a solvothermal approach starting from micron-sized hydroxide precursors, which combines features of top-down size reduction and bottom-up recrystallization, leading to nanoscale hydroxide particles. The method is based on autoclav...
Three 40 wt % Pt/C electrocatalysts prepared using two different approaches—the polyol process and electrochemical dispersion of platinum under pulse alternating current—and a commercial Pt/C catalyst (Johnson Matthey prod.) were examined...
Arctic–boreal wetlands and lakes are among the most significant and most uncertain natural sources of atmospheric methane. Rapid Arctic amplification, permafrost thaw, hydrological change, and increasing ecosystem productivity are expected to i...
Accurate information on intra-urban population distribution is essential for urban planning, infrastructure management, exposure assessment, and evidence-based decision-making. However, census data are usually available only for predefined administra...
This article analyses the Italian Legislative Delegation Bill of 4 September 2025 (DDL 2025), which proposes the recontextualization of healthcare liability through the introduction of Article 590-septies into the Italian Criminal Code (c.p.) and the...
Disease-driven selection favours evasive, tolerant, and resistant cultivars, changing cultivar diversity significantly. Since its outbreak in Burundi in the late 1980s, Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) has now spread to 5 out of 18 provinces across t...
Presaging the current discipline of Proteomics, Prof Patrick H. O’Farrell recognized the critical need for detailed protein analyses to dissect and thereby understand molecular mechanisms. [...]
The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) resolutely endorses the development of people-centred early warning systems. Moreover, several scientific studies have deprecated the vast technology-driven technocratic approaches to impl...
Nanostructured metallic materials can be obtained by two major processing strategies: a bottom-up approach that starts with powdered metals to be mechanically and chemically compacted via different compaction methodologies, and a top-down approach th...
The importance of vegetables in human nutrition, such as cereals, which in many cases represent the main source of daily energy for humans, added to the impact that the incessant increase in demographic pressure has on the demand for these plant food...
The introduction of smart meters and time-use survey data is helping decision makers to understand the residential electricity consumption behaviour behind load profiles. However, it can be difficult to obtain the actual detailed consumption data due...
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