Journal Description
Inorganics
Inorganics
is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal on inorganic chemistry published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Chemistry, Inorganic and Nuclear) / CiteScore - Q2 (Inorganic Chemistry)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 14.7 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.8 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our authors say about Inorganics.
Impact Factor:
3.1 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.6 (2023)
Latest Articles
2,1,3-Benzoselenadiazole as Mono- and Bidentate N-Donor for Heteroleptic Cu(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Properties
Inorganics 2024, 12(8), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12080201 - 25 Jul 2024
Abstract
Mono- and binuclear Cu(I) complexes were isolated employing 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole (BSeD) as the N-donor ligand, and triphenylphosphine or bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (DPEphos) as P-donors. Then, 77Se NMR was measured for the free ligand and the corresponding Cu(I) derivatives, and the related signal was downshifted
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Mono- and binuclear Cu(I) complexes were isolated employing 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole (BSeD) as the N-donor ligand, and triphenylphosphine or bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (DPEphos) as P-donors. Then, 77Se NMR was measured for the free ligand and the corresponding Cu(I) derivatives, and the related signal was downshifted by 12.86 ppm in the case of [Cu(BSeD)(PPh3)2(ClO4)], and around 15 ppm for the binuclear species. The structure of [Cu(BSeD)(PPh3)2(ClO4)] and [Cu2(μ2-BSeD)(DPEphos)2(ClO4)2] was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The geometry of the Cu(I) complexes was optimized through DFT calculations, and the nature of the Cu···O interaction was investigated through AIM analysis. The three Cu(I) complexes were characterized by intense absorption under 400 nm and, after being excited with blue irradiation, [Cu(BSeD)(PPh3)2(ClO4)] and [Cu2(μ2-BSeD)(PPh3)4(ClO4)2] exhibited weak red emissions centered at 700 nm. The lifetimes comprised between 121 and 159 μs support the involvement of triplet excited states in the emission process. The photoluminescent properties of [Cu(BSeD)(PPh3)2(ClO4)] were supported by TDDFT computations, and the emission was predicted at 710 nm and ascribed to a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) process, in agreement with the experimental data.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Inorganic Chemistry in Germany)
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Open AccessArticle
Electrochemically Active Copper Complexes with Pyridine-Alkoxide Ligands
by
Christopher K. Webber, Erica K. Richardson, Diane A. Dickie and T. Brent Gunnoe
Inorganics 2024, 12(8), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12080200 - 24 Jul 2024
Abstract
Pyridine-alkoxide (pyalk) ligands that support transition metals have been studied for their use in electrocatalytic applications. Herein, we used the pyalk proligands diphenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanol ([H]PhPyalk, L1), 1-(pyren-1-yl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-ol ([H]PyrPyalk, L2), 1-(pyridine-2-yl)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethan-1-ol ([H]ThioPyalk, L3), and 1-(ferrocenyl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-ol ([H]
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Pyridine-alkoxide (pyalk) ligands that support transition metals have been studied for their use in electrocatalytic applications. Herein, we used the pyalk proligands diphenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanol ([H]PhPyalk, L1), 1-(pyren-1-yl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-ol ([H]PyrPyalk, L2), 1-(pyridine-2-yl)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethan-1-ol ([H]ThioPyalk, L3), and 1-(ferrocenyl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-ol ([H]FePyalk, L4) to synthesize CuII complexes that vary in nuclearity and secondary coordination sphere. Also, the proligand 1-(ferrocenyl)-1-(5-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-ol ([H]FeOMePyalk, L5) was synthesized with a methoxy substituted pyridine; however, the isolation of a CuII complex ligated by L5 was not possible. Under variable reaction conditions, the pyalk ligands reacted with CuII precursors and formed either mononuclear or dinuclear CuII complexes depending on the amount of ligand added. The resulting complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and cyclic voltammetry.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Organometallic Chemistry 2024)
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Open AccessArticle
Exploring the Anti-Corrosion, Photocatalytic, and Adsorptive Functionalities of Biogenically Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
by
Syed Najmul Hejaz Azmi and Mahboob Alam
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070199 - 22 Jul 2024
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This study reported the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Cucurbita pepo L. seed extract and explored their multifunctional properties such as anti-corrosion, photocatalytic, and adsorption capabilities. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify their functional
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This study reported the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Cucurbita pepo L. seed extract and explored their multifunctional properties such as anti-corrosion, photocatalytic, and adsorption capabilities. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify their functional groups, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to assess their thermal stability, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to determine their size, morphology, and elemental composition. The characterization of biofabricated ZnO NPs revealed an average particle size of 32.88 nm; however, SEM displayed a tendency for the particles to agglomerate. Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and EDX analysis confirmed the NPs as ZnO, matching patterns reported in the literature. In this study, the potential of the biogenic ZnO NPs was explored for multifunctional applications. Zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibited a higher capacity for adsorbing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) compared to bulk zinc oxide, mostly because of their larger surface area. In addition, electrochemical studies demonstrated a substantial enhancement in the corrosion resistance of mild steel in a 1.0 M HCl solution. ZnO NPs also demonstrated remarkable photodegradation effectiveness, reducing 75% of methyl orange in 60 min under sun-light irradiation. This implies that they could be used to remediate organic pollutants (organic dyes) from wastewater.
Full article
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Open AccessArticle
A Novel Spinel High-Entropy Oxide (Cr0.2Mn0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Zn0.2)3O4 as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
by
Changqing Jin, Yulong Wang, Haobin Dong, Yongxing Wei, Ruihua Nan, Zengyun Jian, Zhong Yang and Qingping Ding
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070198 - 21 Jul 2024
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized spinel high-entropy oxide (HEO) (Cr0.2Mn0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Zn0.2)3O4 nanoparticles by a simple solution combustion method. These particles were investigated for their performance as anodes in lithium-ion batteries. The
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In this study, we synthesized spinel high-entropy oxide (HEO) (Cr0.2Mn0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Zn0.2)3O4 nanoparticles by a simple solution combustion method. These particles were investigated for their performance as anodes in lithium-ion batteries. The reversible capacity is 132 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA·g−1, 107 mAh·g−1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1, and 96 mAh·g−1 rate capacity at a high current density of 2 A g−1. The outstanding cycle stability under high current densities and remarkable rate performance can be attributed to the stable structure originating from the high entropy of the material.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inorganic Electrode Materials in High-Performance Energy Storage Devices)
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Open AccessCommunication
Novel Strategy to Evaluate Platinum Photocatalysts for Hydrosilation-Curable Silicones
by
Melina Michailidis, John Leman and Peter J. Bonitatibus, Jr.
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070197 - 21 Jul 2024
Abstract
UV-activated catalytic hydrosilation is a low-temperature crosslinking process that has attracted attention for its high efficiency and lower energy demand relative to thermal curing. In this study, formulations comprising industrially relevant model silanes and Pt photocatalysts trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum(IV) and trimethyl(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)platinum(IV) (MeCpPtMe3 and Cp*PtMe
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UV-activated catalytic hydrosilation is a low-temperature crosslinking process that has attracted attention for its high efficiency and lower energy demand relative to thermal curing. In this study, formulations comprising industrially relevant model silanes and Pt photocatalysts trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum(IV) and trimethyl(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)platinum(IV) (MeCpPtMe3 and Cp*PtMe3, respectively) were prepared with and without a photosensitizer (PS) and assessed for catalytic performance by a novel strategy. Photopolymerizations were initiated using different wavelengths from LEDs and monitored in real-time using an Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) “well” strategy to track the degree of cure in ultra-thin films by consumption of hydride via the disappearance of the Si-H bending absorption band at 915 cm−1. Irradiation of formulations with 365 nm excitation showed higher conversions relative to 400 nm light and improvements to calculated initial reaction rates by incorporation of a PS suggested increased sensitization to 365 nm irradiation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report catalytic performance, electronic absorption spectroscopic data, and the crystal structure of Cp*PtMe3.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Organometallic Chemistry)
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Open AccessArticle
La2C2@D5(450)-C100: Calculated High Energy Gain in Encapsulation
by
Zdeněk Slanina, Filip Uhlík, Takeshi Akasaka, Xing Lu and Ludwik Adamowicz
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070196 - 18 Jul 2024
Abstract
The structure and energetics of the clusterfullerene La2C2@ (450)-C100 are calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G*∼SDD level (including counterpoise correction for the basis set superposition error), and the observed features are confirmed. Its stability is explained by substantial
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The structure and energetics of the clusterfullerene La2C2@ (450)-C100 are calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G*∼SDD level (including counterpoise correction for the basis set superposition error), and the observed features are confirmed. Its stability is explained by substantial energy gain connected with the encapsulation, viz. 140 kcal/mol per atom of the encapsulate, actually higher than previously found for comparable systems.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Metallofullerenes)
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Open AccessArticle
Conformational, Electrochemical, and Antioxidative Properties of Conjugates of Different Ferrocene Turn-Inducing Scaffolds with Hydrophobic Amino Acids
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Monika Kovačević, Sunčica Roca, Dijana Jadreško, Jasna Mrvčić, Karla Hanousek Čiča, Mojca Čakić Semenčić and Lidija Barišić
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070195 - 18 Jul 2024
Abstract
The incorporation of different ferrocene scaffolds into the peptide sequences induces the formation of hydrogen-bond-based secondary structural elements that are frequently observed in natural peptides and proteins. There are three simple ferrocene scaffolds for conjugation with amino acids and peptides that serve as
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The incorporation of different ferrocene scaffolds into the peptide sequences induces the formation of hydrogen-bond-based secondary structural elements that are frequently observed in natural peptides and proteins. There are three simple ferrocene scaffolds for conjugation with amino acids and peptides that serve as templates for ferrocene peptidomimetics, namely ferrocene-1,1′-dicarboxylic acid (Fcd, I), 1′-aminoferrocene-1-carboxylic acid (Fca, III), and ferrocene-1,1′-diamine (Fcda, V). Here, we have investigated their ability to induce the turn structure upon conjugation with Val, Leu, and Phe. Furthermore, we also wanted to determine whether the branched side chains of Val, Leu, and Phe interfere with intramolecular hydrogen bonding (IHB). For these purposes, we performed a detailed spectroscopic analysis by measuring the concentration, temperature, and solvent dependence of the IR, NMR, and CD spectra. The effect of the different ferrocene scaffolds on the antioxidant activity of the prepared peptides was tested using the DPPH and ABTS methods, and was further rationalized using electrochemical measurements. It was found that the ferrocene scaffold has the greatest influence on the hydrogen bonding pattern, while the influence of the side branches of the amino acids is less relevant.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes Diversity: Synthesis, Conformations, and Bioactivity)
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Open AccessArticle
Crystal Structure and Anti-Proliferative and Mutagenic Evaluation of the Palladium(II) Complex of Deoxyalliin
by
Tuany Zambroti Candido, Mariana Mazzo Quintanilha, Bianca Alves Schimitd, Déborah de Alencar Simoni, Douglas Hideki Nakahata, Raphael Enoque Ferraz de Paiva, Igor Henrique Cerqueira, Flávia Aparecida Resende, João Ernesto Carvalho, Ana Lucia Tasca Gois Ruiz, Carmen Silvia Passos Lima and Pedro Paulo Corbi
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070194 - 18 Jul 2024
Abstract
Platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes have been investigated as potential anticancer drugs since the serendipitous discovery of the antineoplastic activities of cisplatin in the 1960s. Skin cancer is considered the most common malignant neoplasm that affects humans, and melanoma is the most lethal type
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Platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes have been investigated as potential anticancer drugs since the serendipitous discovery of the antineoplastic activities of cisplatin in the 1960s. Skin cancer is considered the most common malignant neoplasm that affects humans, and melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer. Surgical excision is the main form of treatment, which also may include radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. In this work, new insights concerning the structural characterization and in vitro anti-proliferative activity of the palladium(II) complex with the amino acid deoxyalliin (Pd-sac) against a panel of thirteen human tumor cells, with emphasis on skin cancer cell lines, are presented. The composition of the complex was confirmed by elemental analysis as [Pd(C6H10NO2S)2]. The structure of the complex was elucidated for the first time by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Each deoxyalliin molecule coordinates in a bidentate N,S-mode to palladium(II) in a trans-configuration analogous to the platinum(II) deoxyalliin complex early reported. As the main result, the Pd-sac complex showed a selective anti-proliferative activity against melanoma (UACC-62, TGI = 63.5 µM), while both deoxyalliin and K2PdCl4 were inactive against all cell lines. Moreover, Pd-sac did not affect the proliferation of non-tumorigenic keratinocytes (HaCaT, TGI > 586 µM) and was non-mutagenic in the Ames assay. The results open new perspectives for in vivo studies concerning the application of the Pd-sac complex in the treatment of melanoma.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Noble Metals in Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry)
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Open AccessReview
Metalloborospherene Analogs to Metallofullerene
by
Jordan Burkhardt, Hayden Prescott and Wan-Lu Li
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070193 - 17 Jul 2024
Abstract
Boron, the neighbor element to carbon in the periodic table, is characterized by unique electron deficiency that fosters multicenter delocalized bonding, contributing to its diverse chemistry. Unlike carbon cages (fullerenes), which preserve their structural integrity under endohedral or exohedral doping, larger boron cages
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Boron, the neighbor element to carbon in the periodic table, is characterized by unique electron deficiency that fosters multicenter delocalized bonding, contributing to its diverse chemistry. Unlike carbon cages (fullerenes), which preserve their structural integrity under endohedral or exohedral doping, larger boron cages (borospherenes) exhibit diverse structural configurations. These configurations can differ from those of pure boron cages and are stabilized by various metals through unique metal–boron bonding, resulting in a variety of metalloborospherenes. Due to boron’s electron deficiency, metalloborospherenes exhibit fascinating chemical bonding patterns that vary with cluster size and the type of metal dopants. This review paper highlights recent advancements in metalloborospherene research, drawing comparisons with metallofullerenes, and focuses on the use of transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides as dopants across various cage dimensions.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Metallofullerenes)
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Open AccessArticle
Exploring the Nature of Ag–Ag Interactions in Different Tellurides by Means of the Crystal Orbital Bond Index (COBI)
by
Leander Weinelt and Simon Steinberg
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070192 - 12 Jul 2024
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Over the decades, intensive explorations have been conducted to understand the nature of d10−d10 interactions. The recent establishment of a bonding indicator named the crystal orbital bond index stimulated our impetus to probe the capabilities of that approach for the
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Over the decades, intensive explorations have been conducted to understand the nature of d10−d10 interactions. The recent establishment of a bonding indicator named the crystal orbital bond index stimulated our impetus to probe the capabilities of that approach for the examples of Ag–Ag interactions in different tellurides. In the framework of our quantum chemical explorations, we inspected the electronic structures of two tellurides which were previously reported to comprise d10−d10 interactions, while the third candidate material, i.e., RbCe2Ag3Te5, has been obtained from reactions of rubidium chloride, cerium, silver and tellurium for the very first time. The outcome of our explorations clearly shows that the nature of Ag–Ag interactions is well mirrored by the corresponding COBI.
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Open AccessArticle
Enhanced Removal of Rhodamine b Dye from Aqueous Media via Adsorption on Facilely Synthesized Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles
by
Asma S. Al-Wasidi and Salwa AlReshaidan
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070191 - 12 Jul 2024
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This paper studies the synthesis, characterization, and application of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles for the removal of rhodamine b dye from aqueous media. Utilizing the combustion procedure, ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using two different fuels: glutamine (SG) and L-arginine
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This paper studies the synthesis, characterization, and application of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles for the removal of rhodamine b dye from aqueous media. Utilizing the combustion procedure, ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using two different fuels: glutamine (SG) and L-arginine (SA). In addition, the synthesized ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were characterized through various techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. XRD analysis verified the creation of a ZnFe2O4 cubic spinel structure without any contaminants, revealing average crystallite sizes of 43.72 and 29.38 nm for the SG and SA samples, respectively. The FTIR spectra exhibited peaks indicative of metal-oxygen bond stretching, verifying the presence of a spinel formation. Elemental analysis via EDX confirmed the stoichiometric composition typical of zinc ferrite. In addition, FE-SEM imaging displayed that the SG and SA samples are composed of particles with irregular and spherical shapes, measuring average diameters of 135.11 and 59.89 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the BET surface area of the SG and SA samples is 60 and 85 m2/g, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of the SA sample (409.84 mg/g) towards rhodamine b dye was higher than that of the SG sample (279.33 mg/g), which was ascribed to its larger surface area and porosity. Kinetic and equilibrium studies revealed that the adsorption process of rhodamine b dye onto the SG and SA samples followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic, and physical. The study concludes that ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized using L-arginine (SA) exhibit enhanced rhodamine b dye removal efficiency due to their smaller size, increased surface area, and higher porosity compared to those synthesized with glutamine (SG). The optimum conditions for the adsorption process of rhodamine b dye were found to be at pH 10, a contact time of 70 min, and a temperature of 298 K. These findings underscore the potential of L-arginine-synthesized ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles for effective and sustainable environmental cleanup applications.
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Open AccessReview
Recent Advances in Metal Complexes Based on Biomimetic and Biocompatible Organic Ligands against Leishmaniasis Infections: State of the Art and Alternatives
by
Sandra Jimenez-Falcao and Jose Manuel Mendez-Arriaga
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070190 - 12 Jul 2024
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a complex disease present in a variety of manifestations listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the neglected diseases with a worse prognosis if not treated. Medicinal inorganic chemistry has provided a variety of drugs based on metal–organic
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Leishmaniasis is a complex disease present in a variety of manifestations listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the neglected diseases with a worse prognosis if not treated. Medicinal inorganic chemistry has provided a variety of drugs based on metal–organic complexes synthesized with different metal centers and organic ligands to fight against a great number of parasite maladies and specifically Leishmaniasis. Taking advantage of the natural properties that many metals present for biotechnological purposes, nanotechnology has offered, in recent years, a new approach consisting on the application of metal nanoparticles to treat a great number of parasitic diseases, as a drug vehicle or as a treatment themselves. The aim of this review is to gather the most widely used metal complexes and metallic nanoparticles and the most recent strategies proposed as antileishmanial agents.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biological and Catalytic Applications of Metal Complexes)
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Open AccessArticle
Synthesis, Characterization, DNA, Fluorescence, Molecular Docking, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Pd(II) Complex Containing O, S Donor Schiff Base Ligand and Azole Derivative
by
Maged S. Al-Fakeh, Muneera Alrasheedi, Ard Elshifa M. E. Mohammed, Ahmed B. M. Ibrahim, Sadeq M. Al-Hazmy, Ibrahim A. Alhagri and Sabri Messaoudi
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070189 - 11 Jul 2024
Abstract
Pd(II) with the Schiff base ligand 2-Hydroxy-3-Methoxy Benzaldehyde-Thiosemicarbazone (HMBATSC) (L2) and 2-aminobenzothiazole (2-ABZ) (L1) was synthesized. The Schiff base ligand and the Palladium(II) complex were characterized by C.H.N.S, FT-IR, conductance studies, magnetic susceptibility, XRD, and TGA. From the elemental analysis and spectral data,
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Pd(II) with the Schiff base ligand 2-Hydroxy-3-Methoxy Benzaldehyde-Thiosemicarbazone (HMBATSC) (L2) and 2-aminobenzothiazole (2-ABZ) (L1) was synthesized. The Schiff base ligand and the Palladium(II) complex were characterized by C.H.N.S, FT-IR, conductance studies, magnetic susceptibility, XRD, and TGA. From the elemental analysis and spectral data, the complex was proposed to have the formula [Pd(HMBATSC)(2-ABZ)H2O]. The interaction between the Pd(II) complex and DNA was examined through various methods, including UV–Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence techniques, and DNA viscosity titrations. The findings provided strong evidence that the interaction between the Pd(II) complex and DNA occurs through the intercalation mode. The analysis yielded the following values: a Stern–Volmer quenching constant (ksv) of 1.67 × 104 M−1, a quenching rate constant (kq) of 8.35 × 1011 M−1 s−1, a binding constant (kb) of 5.20 × 105 M−1, and a number of binding the sites (n) of 1.392. DFT studies suggest that the azole derivative may act as an electron donor through pyridine nitrogen, while the Schiff base ligand may act as an electron donor via oxygen and sulfur atoms. TDDFT calculations indicate that the intramolecular charge transfer from the Schiff base to Pd(II) is responsible for the complex’s fluorescence quenching. The powder X-ray diffraction data revealed that the complex is arranged in a monoclinic system. The resulting Pd(II) complex was investigated for its antimicrobial activity and demonstrated antibacterial efficiency. Interestingly, it showed potent activity against E. coli and E. niger that was found to be more powerful than that recorded for Neomycin.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Noble Metals in Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry)
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Open AccessArticle
Cu-Doped TiO2 Thin Films by Spin Coating: Investigation of Structural and Optical Properties
by
Syrine Sassi, Amal Bouich, Anouar Hajjaji, Lotfi Khezami, Brahim Bessais and Bernabé Mari Soucase
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070188 - 8 Jul 2024
Abstract
Cu-doped TiO2 films were synthesized directly on FTO glass with a spin coating method. With a variation in copper amount, samples were prepared with 0%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% of dopant concentrations. Morphological and structural characterization of undoped and Cu-doped TiO
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Cu-doped TiO2 films were synthesized directly on FTO glass with a spin coating method. With a variation in copper amount, samples were prepared with 0%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% of dopant concentrations. Morphological and structural characterization of undoped and Cu-doped TiO2 samples were investigated and the obtained results showed the small, spherical shapes of the nanoparticles forming a thin film on top of FTO glass and their preferred orientation of TiO2 anatase (101), which is the same for each sample. However, this peak exhibited a slight shift for the 2% sample, related to the inflation of the microstrain compared to the other samples. For the optical properties, the 4% sample displayed the highest transmittance whereas the 2% sample exhibited the lowest band gap energy of 2.96 eV. Moreover, the PL intensity seems to be at its highest for the 2% sample due to the present peaking defects in the structure, whereas the 8% sample shows a whole new signal that is related to copper oxide. These properties make this material a potential candidate to perform as an electron transport layer (ETL) in solar cells and enhance their power conversion efficiency.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Inorganic Materials 2024)
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Open AccessArticle
Synthesis of Tris(trifluoromethyl)nickelates(II)—Coping with “The C2F5 Problem”
by
Sascha A. Schäfer, Rose Jordan, Katharina M. Klupsch, Felix Carl-Heinz Herwede and Axel Klein
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070187 - 5 Jul 2024
Abstract
When synthesizing the versatile precursors (NMe4)[Ni(CF3)3(MeCN)] we recently encountered the problem that marked amounts of C2F5 were incorporated instead of CF3 under the chosen reaction conditions forming mixed-ligand nickelates [Ni(CF3)x(C2
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When synthesizing the versatile precursors (NMe4)[Ni(CF3)3(MeCN)] we recently encountered the problem that marked amounts of C2F5 were incorporated instead of CF3 under the chosen reaction conditions forming mixed-ligand nickelates [Ni(CF3)x(C2F5)y(MeCN)]− (x + y = 3). We studied the three products with y = 0, 1, or 2, using 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. We were able to trace the reaction mechanism and solve the problem by modifying the experimental conditions.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Inorganic Chemistry in Germany)
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Open AccessReview
A Review of Ionic Liquids and Their Composites with Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Applications
by
José Pereira, Reinaldo Souza and Ana Moita
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070186 - 3 Jul 2024
Abstract
The current study focuses on reviewing the actual progress of the use of ionic liquids and derivatives in several electrochemical application. Ionic liquids can be prepared at room temperature conditions and by including a solution that can be a salt in water, or
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The current study focuses on reviewing the actual progress of the use of ionic liquids and derivatives in several electrochemical application. Ionic liquids can be prepared at room temperature conditions and by including a solution that can be a salt in water, or a base or acid, and are composed of organic cations and many charge-delocalized organic or inorganic anions. The electrochemical properties, including the ionic and electronic conductivities of these innovative fluids and hybrids, are addressed in depth, together with their key influencing parameters including type, fraction, functionalization of the nanoparticles, and operating temperature, as well as the incorporation of surfactants or additives. Also, the present review assesses the recent applications of ionic liquids and corresponding hybrids with the addition of nanoparticles in diverse electrochemical equipment and processes, together with a critical evaluation of the related feasibility concerns in different applications. Those ranging from the metal-ion batteries, in which ionic liquids possess a prominent role as electrolytes and reference electrodes passing through the dye of sensitized solar cells and fuel cells, to finishing processes like the ones related with low-grade heat harvesting and supercapacitors. Moreover, the overview of the scientific articles on the theme resulted in the comparatively brief examination of the benefits closely linked with the use of ionic fluids and corresponding hybrids, such as improved ionic conductivity, thermal and electrochemical stabilities, and tunability, in comparison with the traditional solvents, electrolytes, and electrodes. Finally, this work analyzes the fundamental limitations of such novel fluids such as their corrosivity potential, elevated dynamic viscosity, and leakage risk, and highlights the essential prospects for the research and exploration of ionic liquids and derivatives in various electrochemical devices and procedures.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Devices)
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Open AccessArticle
Effect of Impregnation of PEDOT:PSS in Etched Aluminium Electrodes on the Performance of Solid State Electrolytic Capacitors
by
Néstor Calabia Gascón, Benny Wouters, Herman Terryn and Annick Hubin
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070185 - 2 Jul 2024
Abstract
Electrolytic capacitors store larger amounts of energy thanks to their thin dielectric layers and enlarged surface area. However, the benefits of using a liquid electrolyte are at the expense of the possibility of leakage, evaporation, or rupture of the device over time. As
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Electrolytic capacitors store larger amounts of energy thanks to their thin dielectric layers and enlarged surface area. However, the benefits of using a liquid electrolyte are at the expense of the possibility of leakage, evaporation, or rupture of the device over time. As a solution, solid electrolytes, such as conductive polymers, substitute the liquid ones decreasing the internal resistance and enlarging the lifetime of these devices. PEDOT:PSS is a widely used conductive polymer in the formation of solid electrolytic capacitors. However, using the enlarged surface of the porous electrodes efficiently requires industrial processes, the efficacy of which has not been explored. In this work, porous aluminium electrodes with dielectric layers of different thicknesses were coated with PEDOT:PSS at different levels of doping in order to study the efficiency of the production of solid electrolytic capacitors in industry. The combination of odd random phase electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ORP-EIS) with surface characterization techniques (SEM-EDX, GDOES) formed a methodology that allowed the study of both the electrical properties and the level of impregnation for these model systems. All samples consisting of a porous aluminium electrode with an amount of PEDOT:PSS deposited on top resulted in an inefficient degree of penetration between the two electrodes. However, the electrochemical analysis proved that the use of dopants produces systems with the highest capacitive properties. Consequently, the evolution towards better solid electrolytic capacitors does not rely solely on the proper coverage of the porous electrodes, but on the proper electrical properties of the PEDOT:PSS within the pores.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Energy Storage and Conversion)
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Open AccessArticle
The Synthesis and Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Liver-Targeting Cholic Acid-Conjugated Carboplatin in Rats
by
Yinyin Lan, Fuguo Han, Anli Gao, Xuemei Fan, Yanli Hao, Zhao Wang, Weiping Liu, Jing Jiang and Qingfei Liu
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070184 - 30 Jun 2024
Abstract
A novel cholic acid-conjugated carboplatin (CP-CA) is developed as a liver-targeting prodrug of carboplatin (CP) for liver cancer. Instead of using CP as a raw material, CP-CA was synthesized simultaneously. This paper is focused on the comparison of CP-CA and CP with respect
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A novel cholic acid-conjugated carboplatin (CP-CA) is developed as a liver-targeting prodrug of carboplatin (CP) for liver cancer. Instead of using CP as a raw material, CP-CA was synthesized simultaneously. This paper is focused on the comparison of CP-CA and CP with respect to their pharmacokinetic (PK) and tissue distribution profiles in rats after their intravenous administration. Additionally, their uptake by human liver tumor cell Huh7 and normal human liver cell HL7702 are investigated. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method is applied for the determination of platinum in plasma, tissues, and cells. The PK results show that both the AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ data on Pt for CP-CA are significantly higher than those for CP (p < 0.01), indicating that the plasma exposure of CP-CA is significantly higher than that of CP. The CL1, Vd1, and Vd2 data on Pt for CP-CA are significantly lower than those for CP (p < 0.01), while the MRT0–t is significantly higher (p < 0.01), which is possibly related to a higher PPBR, and can strongly support the higher AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ of Pt for CP-CA compared to for CP. The tissue distribution results show that CP-CA is mainly distributed and accumulated in the liver after its intravenous administration to rats, revealing its liver-targeting profile. Compared to CP, CP-CA is more easily taken up by human liver cancer cells and normal human liver cells. The results suggest that CP-CA has a potential for further development as a new prodrug specific to liver cancer.
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(This article belongs to the Section Bioinorganic Chemistry)
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Open AccessArticle
Synthesis of TiO2/SBA-15 Nanocomposites by Hydrolysis of Organometallic Ti Precursors for Photocatalytic NO Abatement
by
Ons El Atti, Julie Hot, Katia Fajerwerg, Christian Lorber, Bénédicte Lebeau, Andrey Ryzhikov, Myrtil Kahn, Vincent Collière, Yannick Coppel, Nicolas Ratel-Ramond, Philippe Ménini and Pierre Fau
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070183 - 29 Jun 2024
Abstract
The development of advanced photocatalysts for air pollution removal is essential to improve indoor air quality. TiO2/mesoporous silica SBA-15 nanocomposites were synthesized using an organometallic decoration method, which leverages the high reactivity of Ti precursors to be hydrolyzed on the surface
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The development of advanced photocatalysts for air pollution removal is essential to improve indoor air quality. TiO2/mesoporous silica SBA-15 nanocomposites were synthesized using an organometallic decoration method, which leverages the high reactivity of Ti precursors to be hydrolyzed on the surface water groups of silica supports. Both lab-made Ti(III) amidinate and commercial Ti(IV) amino precursors were utilized to react with water-rich SBA-15, obtained through a hydration process. The hydrated SBA-15 and the TiO2/SBA-15 nanocomposites were characterized using TGA, FTIR, 1H and 29Si NMR, TEM, SEM, N2 physisorption, XRD, and WAXS. This one-step TiO2 decoration method achieved a loading of up to 51.5 wt.% of approximately 9 nm anatase particles on the SBA-15 surface. This structuring provided excellent accessibility of TiO2 particles for photocatalytic applications under pollutant gas and UV-A light exposure. The combination with the high specific surface area of SBA-15 resulted in the efficient degradation of 400 ppb of NO pollutant gas. Due to synergistic effects, the best nanocomposite in this study demonstrated a NO abatement performance of 4.0% per used mg of TiO2, which is 40% more efficient than the reference photocatalytic material TiO2 P-25.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Inorganic Materials 2024)
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Open AccessReview
Halide Perovskites’ Multifunctional Properties: Coordination Engineering, Coordination Chemistry, Electronic Interactions and Energy Applications beyond Photovoltaics
by
Taame Abraha Berhe, Wei-Nien Su and Bing Joe Hwang
Inorganics 2024, 12(7), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070182 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
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Halide perovskite materials have gained enormous attention for their semiconducting properties, higher power conversion efficiency and potential applications in a wide range of fields of study, along with their two key limitations: stability and toxicity. Despite great progress made on halide perovskites and
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Halide perovskite materials have gained enormous attention for their semiconducting properties, higher power conversion efficiency and potential applications in a wide range of fields of study, along with their two key limitations: stability and toxicity. Despite great progress made on halide perovskites and many promising research developments, the issues of stability and toxicity have not been fully resolved. Therefore, the coordination engineering of a new framework to obtain alternative new halide perovskite materials and a fundamental understanding of the coordination chemistry and electronic interactions forming the structure of these newly engineered halide perovskite materials are possible ways to overcome the issues related to both stability and toxicity. In this review, we comprehensively review the current development of halide perovskite families, both lead halide perovskites and lead-free halide perovskites, followed by the coordination engineering of the new frameworks to engineer new halide perovskite materials. All concerns regarding the fundamental ideas of coordination chemistry and electronic interactions are vital in forming halide perovskite structures and thus form the main aim of this review. We also discuss recent potential energy applications beyond photovoltaics and thus answer an essential and open question, ‘what could happen in the future of halide perovskites?’ in order to excite commercial enterprises and research institutions again as well as to motivate new predictions on the future continuity of this field.
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