Journal Description
Inorganics
Inorganics
is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal on inorganic chemistry published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Chemistry, Inorganic and Nuclear) / CiteScore - Q2 (Inorganic Chemistry)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 14.7 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.8 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our authors say about Inorganics.
Impact Factor:
3.1 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.6 (2023)
Latest Articles
Effects of Ti and Sn Substitutions on Magnetic and Transport Properties of the TiFe2Sn Full Heusler Compound
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 322; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120322 - 11 Dec 2024
Abstract
The synthesis of polycrystalline TiFe2Sn samples by a route including arc melting and spark plasma sintering with Hf, Y, and In substitutions at the Ti and Sn sites is investigated. For a reduced amount of substitution, around 2 at%, the samples
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The synthesis of polycrystalline TiFe2Sn samples by a route including arc melting and spark plasma sintering with Hf, Y, and In substitutions at the Ti and Sn sites is investigated. For a reduced amount of substitution, around 2 at%, the samples are single phase, while for increased amounts, secondary phases segregate. As is characteristic of these compounds, the Fe-Ti atomic disorder generates a weak ferromagnetic ordering, which is also influenced by the type of substitutional atoms and the secondary phases in the samples with a higher Hf content. The Seebeck coefficient values show an increase for Ti0.98Hf0.02Fe2Sn and for samples with an adjusted Sn content, resulting in slightly increased power factor values. These values reach a maximum for Ti0.98Hf0.02Fe2Sn at approximately 300 K and for TiFe2Sn1.05 at approximately 325 K, namely, 2.69 × 10⁻4 Wm−1K−2 and 2.52 × 10⁻4 Wm−1K−2, respectively. The thermal conductivity of all the samples with substitutions increases with respect to the pristine sample. The highest figure of merit value of 0.016 is also obtained for Ti0.98Hf0.02Fe2Sn at 325 K.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Semiconductor Materials for Energy Conversion)
Open AccessArticle
Synthesis Comparative Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry of Metallocenyl β-Diketonato Dicarbonyl Complexes of Rhodium(I)—Cytotoxicity of [Rh(FcCOCHCOCF3)(CO)2]
by
Eleanor Fourie, J. W. (Hans) Niemantsverdriet and Jannie C. Swarts
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120321 - 11 Dec 2024
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The metallocenyl-containing β-diketonato rhodium(I) dicarbonyl complexes of [Rh(FcCOCHCOR)(CO)2] where R = CF3, 10; Fc = ferrocenyl = FeII(C5H5)(C5H4), 11; Rc = ruthenocenyl = RuII(C5
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The metallocenyl-containing β-diketonato rhodium(I) dicarbonyl complexes of [Rh(FcCOCHCOR)(CO)2] where R = CF3, 10; Fc = ferrocenyl = FeII(C5H5)(C5H4), 11; Rc = ruthenocenyl = RuII(C5H5)(C5H4), 12; and Oc = osmocenyl = OsII(C5H5)(C5H4), 13 were synthesized. Complexes 10–13 were then subjected to an electrochemical study utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) in the non-coordinating solvent/supporting electrolyte medium CH2Cl2/0.1 mol dm−3 [N(nBu)4][B(C6F5)4]. The formal reduction potential for the electrochemical reversible Fc0/+ couples in 10–13 was identified in the range 0.156 ≤ Eo′ ≤ 0.328 V while the electrochemically irreversible osmocenyl and ruthenocenyl oxidations were observed at peak anodic potentials of Epa = 0.640 V and Epa = 0.751 V, respectively. Resolution between the closely overlapping CV-determined Fc0/+ and RhI/II couples was too poor for unambiguous measurement of the RhI/II redox potential, but square wave voltammetry allowed estimates of Eo′ (RhI/II) in the range 0.156 ≤ Eo′ ≤ 0.398 V. FT-IR spectroelectrochemistry confirmed the one-electron oxidation of RhI by the appearance of CO vibrational bands at stretching frequencies, which are associated with rhodium(II) and not rhodium(III). Cytotoxicity tests on 10 (IC50 = 19.2 µM) showed it to be substantially less cytotoxic than the free β-diketone, FcCOCH2COCF3, and [Rh(FcCOCHCOCF3)(cod)].
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Comparison of Photocatalytic Activity: Impact of Hydrophilic Properties on TiO2 and ZrO2 Thin Films
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Yuliana de Jesús Acosta-Silva, Misael Ian Lugo-Arredondo, Salvador Gallardo-Hernández, Juan Fernando Garcia-Trejo, Yasuhiro Matsumoto, Sandra Rivas, Ana Angélica Feregrino-Pérez, Luis A. Godínez and Arturo Méndez-López
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120320 - 10 Dec 2024
Abstract
Thin films (TFs) of TiO2 and ZrO2 were prepared and characterized to evaluate their structural and optical (SO) properties and, later, to test their efficiency for the photocatalytic degradation (PD) of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. The X-ray diffraction patterns
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Thin films (TFs) of TiO2 and ZrO2 were prepared and characterized to evaluate their structural and optical (SO) properties and, later, to test their efficiency for the photocatalytic degradation (PD) of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the TiO2 TFs had an anatase crystalline structure, unlike the ZrO2 TFs, which showed a tetragonal crystalline structure that was verified by Raman spectroscopy. The band gap (BG) energies, as calculated from UV-Vis spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, corresponded to 3.2 and 3.7 eV for the TiO2 and ZrO2 TFs, respectively. SEM examination of the obtained materials was also carried out to assess the surface morphology and topography. The comparative study of the FTIR spectra of the TiO2 and ZrO2 TFs successfully confirmed the composition of the two-metal oxide TFs. The electrical properties of the films were studied by conductivity measurements. The two films also showed a similar thickness of about 200 nm and a substantially different photocatalytic performance for the discoloration of MB in aqueous solution. The corresponding rate constants, as obtained from a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, revealed that TiO2 films promote color removal of the model dye solution almost 20 times faster than the rate observed for ZrO2 modified glass substrates. We suggest that this difference may be related to the hydrophilic character of the two films under study, which may affect the charge carrier injection process and, therefore, the overall photocatalytic performance.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanocomposites for Photocatalysis, 2nd Edition)
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Open AccessArticle
A Novel TiO2-Cuttlebone Photocatalyst for Highly Efficient Catalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride
by
Qing Li, Penghui Liu, Huizhen Lin, Hun Xue and Jingyun Mao
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 319; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120319 - 10 Dec 2024
Abstract
The harmful effects of antibiotics on aquatic environments have become a growing concern of modern society. Developing high-performance photocatalysts capable of degrading antibiotics under solar light is, therefore, crucial. In this study, TiO2-cuttlebone composites are prepared via the sol–gel method, to
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The harmful effects of antibiotics on aquatic environments have become a growing concern of modern society. Developing high-performance photocatalysts capable of degrading antibiotics under solar light is, therefore, crucial. In this study, TiO2-cuttlebone composites are prepared via the sol–gel method, to produce carbonate radicals (•CO3−) under solar light irradiation. The •CO3− radicals exhibit high selectivity for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). Compared to TiO2 alone, the TiO2-cuttlebone composite demonstrates excellent solar-driven photocatalytic activity for TC degradation in both freshwater and seawater. The reaction pathways of TC degradation in seawater are elucidated using HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Moreover, a TiO2-cuttlebone self-suspending photocatalyst device is fabricated using 3D printing technology and low-temperature deposition methods, with aluminum–plastic (AP) as a substrate. This innovative device is easily recyclable from photocatalytic solutions while maintaining high stability, making it highly desirable for practical applications.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Inorganic Semiconductor Materials, 2nd Edition)
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A Study on the Volume Expansion of Vanadium-Based Alloy Powders and Compacts During Hydrogen Sorption
by
Mojia Li, Yunfeng Hu, Hanyang Kong, Qiuwei Huang, Yusong Chen and Yigang Yan
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120318 - 8 Dec 2024
Abstract
Storing hydrogen in solid metal hydrides provides a safe and efficient storage approach. However, the large volume expansion of metal hydrides during hydrogen absorption imposes substantial stresses on the wall of a hydrogen storage tank. In this study, volume expansion behavior of a
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Storing hydrogen in solid metal hydrides provides a safe and efficient storage approach. However, the large volume expansion of metal hydrides during hydrogen absorption imposes substantial stresses on the wall of a hydrogen storage tank. In this study, volume expansion behavior of a V-based hydrogen storage alloy, V61Cr24Ti12Ce3, with body-centered-cubic, was investigated using a self-developed in situ expansion testing device. The lattice expansion of the V61Cr24Ti12Ce3 alloy after full hydrogenation was determined to be 37.85% using X-ray diffraction(XRD). The powder bed, composed of alloy powder with an average size of 3.35 mm in diameter, displays a large volume expansion ratio of 131% at the first hydrogen absorption cycle and 40–45% in the following four cycles. The stable compact bed, made of alloy powders, organic silicone gel, and graphite flakes, shows significantly smaller volume expansion ratio, which is 97% at the first cycle and 21% at the second cycle, and stabilizes at 13% in the following cycles. Also, the compact bed shows similar hydrogen absorption capacity, but faster absorption kinetics compared to the powder bed.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Inorganic Materials 2024)
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The In Vitro Cytotoxic Potential of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles in MIA PaCa-2 Cells Supported with an In Silico Study
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Angélica Sofía González-Garibay, Alba Adriana Vallejo-Cardona, Ariadna Abigail Villarreal-Amézquita, Iván Moisés Sánchez-Hernández, Omar Ricardo Torres-González and Eduardo Padilla-Camberos
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120317 - 7 Dec 2024
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer affects many people and is quite aggressive. Metallic nanoparticles may be an alternative treatment for this disease. In this work, the antiproliferative activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated. Stenocereus queretaroensis peel extract was used as a reducing agent for nanoparticle
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Pancreatic cancer affects many people and is quite aggressive. Metallic nanoparticles may be an alternative treatment for this disease. In this work, the antiproliferative activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated. Stenocereus queretaroensis peel extract was used as a reducing agent for nanoparticle synthesis; the characterization was carried out using spectroscopic techniques, X-ray diffraction, and microscopy. The antiproliferative effect was evaluated in the MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic tumoral cell line, and a molecular docking test was run with the STAT3 protein. The results obtained show that it was possible to synthesize silver nanoparticles from the plant extract, which was confirmed through characterization studies. The average size of the nanoparticles was measured to be 48.8 nm, and they predominantly exhibited a spherical shape. The antiproliferative effect was demonstrated in the pancreatic cell line, with an IC50 value of 15.66 µg/mL. The molecular docking analysis predicted a strong interaction with the STAT3 protein, with a binding energy value of −6.47 obtained. With these results, it is concluded that biosynthesized silver nanoparticles inhibit pancreatic tumor cell growth and may represent an innovative cancer treatment.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal-Based Compounds: Relevance for the Biomedical Field)
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Guardians of the Genome: Iron–Sulfur Proteins in the Nucleus
by
Lorena Novoa-Aponte, Andres Leon-Torres and Caroline C. Philpott
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 316; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120316 - 6 Dec 2024
Abstract
Iron–sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are essential cofactors found in many proteins in the mitochondria, cytosol, and nucleus of the cell. These versatile cofactors may undergo reversible oxidation–reduction reactions to enable electron transfers; they may be structural and confer stability to a folded protein; they
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Iron–sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are essential cofactors found in many proteins in the mitochondria, cytosol, and nucleus of the cell. These versatile cofactors may undergo reversible oxidation–reduction reactions to enable electron transfers; they may be structural and confer stability to a folded protein; they may be regulatory and transduce an iron signal that alters the function or stability of a recipient protein. Of the nearly 70 proteins described in mammalian cells that bind Fe-S clusters, about half localize exclusively or partially to the nucleus, where they are required for DNA replication and repair, telomere maintenance, transcription, mitosis, and cell cycle control. Most nuclear Fe-S cluster proteins interact with DNA, including DNA polymerases, primase, helicases, and glycosylases. However, the specific roles of the clusters in the enzymatic activities of these proteins and their interplay with DNA remain a matter of debate. Defects in the metallation of nuclear Fe-S proteins cause genome instability and alter the regulation of cell division and proliferation, which are hallmarks of various genetic diseases and cancers. Here, we provide an inventory of the nuclear Fe-S cluster-binding proteins and discuss cluster types, binding sites, the process of cluster acquisition, and the potential roles of the cluster in the function of the proteins. However, many questions remain unresolved. We highlight critical gaps in our understanding of cluster delivery to nuclear client proteins, the potential for cluster repair, and the mechanistic roles that clusters play in these enzymes. Taken together, this review brings the focus to the nucleus of the human cell as a hotspot for Fe-S cluster proteins and aims to inspire new research on the roles of iron in DNA metabolism and the maintenance of genome integrity.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Iron-Sulfur Clusters: Assembly and Biological Roles)
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Theoretical Investigations of Para-Methoxystyrene/Styrene Polymerization Catalyzed by Cationic Methyl- and Dibenzobarrelene-Based α-Diimine Palladium Complexes
by
Ling Zhu, Yi Luo, Xin Wen, Wenzhen Zhang and Guangli Zhou
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 315; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120315 - 5 Dec 2024
Abstract
The polymerization mechanism of para-methoxystyrene catalyzed by cationic α-diimine palladium complexes with various ancillary ligands was rigorously examined using density functional theory. In the classical methyl-based α-diimine palladium complex [{(2,6-iPr2C6H3)-N=C(Me)-C(Me)=N-2,6-iPr
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The polymerization mechanism of para-methoxystyrene catalyzed by cationic α-diimine palladium complexes with various ancillary ligands was rigorously examined using density functional theory. In the classical methyl-based α-diimine palladium complex [{(2,6-iPr2C6H3)-N=C(Me)-C(Me)=N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)}PdMe]+ (A+), the 2,1-insertion of para-methoxystyrene is favored over the 1,2-insertion, both thermodynamically and kinetically, during the chain initiation step. The resulting thermodynamically favored η3-π-benzyl intermediates face a substantial energy barrier, yielding only trace amounts of polymer, as experimentally verified. In contrast, the dibenzobarrelene-based α-diimine palladium complex [{(2,6-iPr2C6H3)-N=C(R)-C(R)=N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)}PdMe]+ (R = dibenzobarrelene, B+) shows similar energy barriers for both 2,1- and 1,2-insertions. Continuous 2,1/2,1 or 2,1/1,2 insertions are impeded by excessive energy barriers. However, theoretical calculations reveal that the 1,2-insertion product can seamlessly transition into the chain propagation stage, producing a polymer with high 1,2-regioselectivity. The observed activity of complexes A+ or B+ towards para-methoxystyrene polymerization stems from the energy barrier differences between the 1,2- and 2,1-insertions, influenced by the steric hindrance from the ancillary ligands. Further investigation into the effects of steric hindrance on the chain initiation stage involved computational modeling of analogous complexes with increased steric bulk. These studies established a direct correlation between the energy barrier difference ∆∆G (1,2–2,1) and the van der Waals volume of the ancillary ligand. Larger van der Waals volumes correspond to reduced energy barrier differences, thus enhancing the regioselectivity for para-methoxystyrene polymerization. Moreover, the experimental inertness of complex B+ towards styrene polymerization is attributed to the formation of stable kinetic and thermodynamic 2,1-insertion intermediates, which obstruct further styrene monomer insertion due to an extremely high reactive energy barrier. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanistic aspects and offer insights for designing new transition metal catalysts for the polymerization of para-alkoxystyrenes.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Revealing Reaction Mechanisms in Homogeneous Transition Metal Catalysis, 2nd Edition)
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Phase Relations in the Pseudo-Binary BiFeO3–EuFeO3 System in the Subsolidus Region Derived from X-Ray Diffraction Data—A Machine Learning Approach
by
Vasile-Adrian Surdu and Romuald Győrgy
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120314 - 4 Dec 2024
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BiFeO3 and EuFeO3 are some of the most studied ferrites and part of the larger category of multiferroic and magnetic compounds. The instabilities reported for BiFeO3 that hinder its use in practical applications can be overcome by substitution with rare-earth
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BiFeO3 and EuFeO3 are some of the most studied ferrites and part of the larger category of multiferroic and magnetic compounds. The instabilities reported for BiFeO3 that hinder its use in practical applications can be overcome by substitution with rare-earth ions, such as Eu3+, on the Bi3+ site. This paper reports on the phase relations in the BiFeO3-EuFeO3 pseudo-binary system, which were not established previously. Solid-state reactions were employed to prepare different compositions according to the nominal formula Bi1−xEuxFeO3 (where x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1). Phase equilibria were studied at different temperatures between 800 and 1200 °C from X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The analysis of the XRD patterns by machine learning approaches revealed eight defined clusters and four unclustered points. The validation test showed that most of the points could belong to several clusters and thus, traditional identification was employed. Phase identification and quantification by traditional approaches revealed six crystallization zones on the diagram. Although the machine learning approach offers speed in the process of classification of XRD patterns, validation by the traditional method was necessary for the construction of the phase diagram with high accuracy.
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Open AccessReview
The Integration of Thermal Energy Storage Within Metal Hydride Systems: A Comprehensive Review
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Matias Davis Cortina, Manuel Romero de Terreros Aramburu, Andre Martins Neves, Lourdes Hurtado, Julian Jepsen and Ulrich Ulmer
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 313; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120313 - 3 Dec 2024
Abstract
Hydrogen storage technologies are key enablers for the development of low-emission, sustainable energy supply chains, primarily due to the versatility of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier. Hydrogen can be utilized in both stationary and mobile power applications, and as a low-environmental-impact energy
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Hydrogen storage technologies are key enablers for the development of low-emission, sustainable energy supply chains, primarily due to the versatility of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier. Hydrogen can be utilized in both stationary and mobile power applications, and as a low-environmental-impact energy source for various industrial sectors, provided it is produced from renewable resources. However, efficient hydrogen storage remains a significant technical challenge. Conventional storage methods, such as compressed and liquefied hydrogen, suffer from energy losses and limited gravimetric and volumetric energy densities, highlighting the need for innovative storage solutions. One promising approach is hydrogen storage in metal hydrides, which offers advantages such as high storage capacities and flexibility in the temperature and pressure conditions required for hydrogen uptake and release, depending on the chosen material. However, these systems necessitate the careful management of the heat generated and absorbed during hydrogen absorption and desorption processes. Thermal energy storage (TES) systems provide a means to enhance the energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness of metal hydride-based storage by effectively coupling thermal management with hydrogen storage processes. This review introduces metal hydride materials for hydrogen storage, focusing on their thermophysical, thermodynamic, and kinetic properties. Additionally, it explores TES materials, including sensible, latent, and thermochemical energy storage options, with emphasis on those that operate at temperatures compatible with widely studied hydride systems. A detailed analysis of notable metal hydride–TES coupled systems from the literature is provided. Finally, the review assesses potential future developments in the field, offering guidance for researchers and engineers in advancing innovative and efficient hydrogen energy systems.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Inorganic Materials 2024)
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Metal Halide Perovskites for Applications in Biomimetic Devices
by
Wending Chu and Lei Su
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 312; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120312 - 28 Nov 2024
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have demonstrated exceptional multifunctionality, finding applications in photovoltaics, light-emitting devices and sensors, which has stimulated intense research interest. Recently, their integration into biomimetic devices has emerged as a promising frontier, exploiting the unique optoelectronic properties of perovskites to mimic biological
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Metal halide perovskites have demonstrated exceptional multifunctionality, finding applications in photovoltaics, light-emitting devices and sensors, which has stimulated intense research interest. Recently, their integration into biomimetic devices has emerged as a promising frontier, exploiting the unique optoelectronic properties of perovskites to mimic biological functions. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in the use of metal halide perovskites for biomimetic applications, focusing on their role in different device configurations and fabrication techniques. We elucidate the mechanisms that drive their performance and demonstrate their potential as versatile materials for high performance biomimetic devices. By exploring the intricate interplay between material properties and device functionality, we highlight the transformative potential of metal halide perovskites in creating more efficient, adaptable and biologically inspired technologies. Finally, we discuss future research directions to maximise their application scope, with the aim of bridging materials science and bioengineering for innovative device development.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The State of the Art of Research on Perovskites Materials)
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Investigation of Magnesium-Potassium Phosphates as Potential Nuclear Waste Form for the Immobilization of Minor Actinides
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Hans-Conrad zur Loye, Petr Vecernik, Monika Kiselova, Vlastislav Kašpar, Hana Korenkova, Vlastimil Miller, Petr Bezdicka, Jan Šubrt, Natalija Murafa, Volodymyr Shkuropatenko and Sergey Sayenko
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 311; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120311 - 28 Nov 2024
Abstract
Several recent studies have evaluated technologies of spent nuclear fuel processing specifically for solidifying transuranic (TRU) waste as a by-product of fission. Of the TRU group, plutonium and the minor actinides will be responsible for the bulk of the radiotoxicity and heat generation
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Several recent studies have evaluated technologies of spent nuclear fuel processing specifically for solidifying transuranic (TRU) waste as a by-product of fission. Of the TRU group, plutonium and the minor actinides will be responsible for the bulk of the radiotoxicity and heat generation of spent nuclear fuel in the long term (300 to 20,000 years). In this study, we investigated magnesium potassium phosphate (MKP)-based compounds as host waste forms for the encapsulation of inactive trivalent Nd and Sm as analogues of the minor trivalent actinides, Am and Cm. Waste forms were fabricated under ambient atmospheric conditions by adding 5 wt.% of substances containing Nd or Sm via the following two routes: powder oxides and aqueous solutions of nitrate salts. Waste form performance was established using strength and aqueous medium leaching tests of MKP-based specimens. The MKP materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy. The waste forms exhibited a compressive strength of ≥30 MPa and were durable in an aqueous environment. The leachability indices for Nd and Sm, as per the ANS 16.1 procedure, were 19.55–19.78 and 19.74–19.89, respectively, which satisfy the acceptable criteria (>6). The results of the present room temperature leaching study suggest that MKPs can be effectively used as a host material to immobilize actinides (Am and Cm) contained in TRU waste.
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(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Materials)
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Large-Scale Synthesis of Carbon Dots Driven by Schiff Base Reaction at Room Temperature
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Jifen Shi, Shuai Chang, Yating Gao, Jian Lv, Ruocan Qian, Binbin Chen and Dawei Li
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120310 - 27 Nov 2024
Abstract
Photoluminescent carbon dots (CDs) have received increasing attention because of their admirable photophysical performances. The current strategies for synthesizing CDs typically require high energy consumption levels, and the ability to synthesize CDs at ambient temperature would be highly desirable. Herein, we design an
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Photoluminescent carbon dots (CDs) have received increasing attention because of their admirable photophysical performances. The current strategies for synthesizing CDs typically require high energy consumption levels, and the ability to synthesize CDs at ambient temperature would be highly desirable. Herein, we design an energy-efficient approach to synthesize CDs through a Schiff base crosslinking between 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone and tetraethylenepentamine at room temperature. The obtained CDs possess maximum photoluminescence (PL) emissions of 492 nm. Moreover, the proposed CDs possess good stability and a concentration-dependent PL and their maximum emissions can redshift from 492 to 621 nm as the CDs concentration increases. Because of their good luminescent properties, the CDs can be employed as optical probes for doxorubicin detection using the inner filter effect. This study develops a powerful approach for the large-scale synthesis of CDs with a superior performance.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials, 2nd Edition)
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Oxidative Addition to Group 1 (K, Rb, Cs) Alumanyl Anions as a Route to o-Carboranyl (hydrido)aluminates
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Han-Ying Liu, Kyle G. Pearce, Michael S. Hill and Mary F. Mahon
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 309; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120309 - 27 Nov 2024
Abstract
The kinetic stability provided by the sterically demanding {SiNDipp}2− dianion (SiNDipp = {CH2SiMe2NDipp}2; Dipp = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) is intrinsic to the isolation of not only the
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The kinetic stability provided by the sterically demanding {SiNDipp}2− dianion (SiNDipp = {CH2SiMe2NDipp}2; Dipp = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) is intrinsic to the isolation of not only the group 1 alumanyl reagents ([{SiNDipp}AlM]2; M = K, Rb, Cs) but also facilitates the completely selective oxidative addition of a C-H bond of 1,2-C2B10H12 to the aluminium centre. In each case, the resultant compounds comprise a four-coordinate o-carboranyl (hydrido)aluminate anion, [(SiNDipp)Al(H)(1,2-C2B10H11)]−, in which the carboranyl cage is bonded to aluminium by an Al-C σ bond. Although the anions further assemble as extended network structures based on Al-H∙∙∙M, B-H∙∙∙M, and C-H∙∙∙M interactions, each structure is unique due to the significant variation in M+ ionic radius as group 1 is descended. The potassium derivative crystallises as a one-dimensional polymer, its rubidium analogue is a dimer due to the polyhapto-sequestration of a molecule of benzene solvent within the alkali metal coordination sphere, and the caesium species is a two-dimensional assembly of hexameric aggregates.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Applications of Sterically Demanding Ligands in Main Group Chemistry)
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Naturally Occurring Microbiota-Accessible Borates: A Focused Minireview
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Andrei Biţă, Ion Romulus Scorei, George Dan Mogoşanu, Ludovic Everard Bejenaru, Cristina Elena Biţă, Venera Cristina Dinescu, Gabriela Rău, Maria Viorica Ciocîlteu, Cornelia Bejenaru and Octavian Croitoru
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 308; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120308 - 26 Nov 2024
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Recently, we discovered and proved the essentiality of organic boron species (OBS), such as borate–pectic polysaccharides and borate–phenolic esters, for healthy symbiosis (HS) between microbiota and human/animal (H/A) host. The essentiality of OBS will provide new options for B supplementation in H/A nutrition
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Recently, we discovered and proved the essentiality of organic boron species (OBS), such as borate–pectic polysaccharides and borate–phenolic esters, for healthy symbiosis (HS) between microbiota and human/animal (H/A) host. The essentiality of OBS will provide new options for B supplementation in H/A nutrition for a healthy and long life. New knowledge on the essentiality of naturally occurring microbiota-accessible borate species for HS between microbiota and H/A host will allow the use of natural B-based dietary supplements to target the H/A microbiome (the gut, skin, oral, scalp, and vaginal microbiome). In the literature, there is evidence that certain bacteria need B (autoinducer-2 borate) for communication and our preliminary data show that HS takes place when the colonic mucus gel layer contains B. Subsequently, OBS become novel prebiotic candidates and target the colon as novel colonic foods.
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Open AccessArticle
Interaction of Phenanthroline-Containing Copper Complexes with Model Phospholipid Membranes
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Priscilla Freddi, Natalia Alvarez, Gianella Facchin and Antonio J. Costa-Filho
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 307; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120307 - 26 Nov 2024
Abstract
Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry has provided oncology with metallodrugs for cancer treatment, including several promising candidate drugs. In particular, copper(II) coordination compounds with phenanthroline stand out as potential anticancer agents. In this work, we used Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Electron Spin Resonance to investigate
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Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry has provided oncology with metallodrugs for cancer treatment, including several promising candidate drugs. In particular, copper(II) coordination compounds with phenanthroline stand out as potential anticancer agents. In this work, we used Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Electron Spin Resonance to investigate the interaction of the copper phenanthroline complexes [Cu(phen)]2+ and [Cu(L-dipeptide)(phenanthroline) (L-dipeptide: L-Ala-Gly and L-Ala-Phe)) with model lipid membranes (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, DPPC, and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) sodium salt, DPPG). Our results showed that the complexes interact with the membrane models, fluidizing them. The [Cu(phen)]2+ presented a different localization than the free ligand phen. The dipeptide modulated the localization of the complex in the membrane and the modifications induced in the physicochemical properties of the lipid vesicles. A stronger interaction with DPPG anionic membranes was observed, which mimic membranes with negatively charged surfaces, as found on several tumor cells.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evaluation of the Potential Biological Activity of Metallo-Drugs)
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Open AccessEditorial
Luminescent Materials with Advanced Properties and Applications
by
Binbin Chen
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 306; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120306 - 26 Nov 2024
Abstract
Luminescent materials have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional properties, which have been widely used in various fields such as sensing [...]
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials)
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Hydrogen Bonds, Halogen Bonds, and Other Non-Covalent Interactions in a Series of Iodocymantrenes [Mn(C5InH5−n)(CO)2L], L = CO, PPh3, and n = 1–5
by
Christian Klein-Heßling and Karlheinz Sünkel
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 305; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120305 - 26 Nov 2024
Abstract
In this study, the molecular and crystal structures of iodocymantrenes [Mn(C5InH5−n)(CO)2(PPh3)] (1b n = 1; 2, n = 2; 3, n = 3) are reported and compared with
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In this study, the molecular and crystal structures of iodocymantrenes [Mn(C5InH5−n)(CO)2(PPh3)] (1b n = 1; 2, n = 2; 3, n = 3) are reported and compared with the known structures of [Mn(C5InH5−n)(CO)3] (1a, n = 1; 5, n = 5) and [Mn(C5I4H)(CO)2(PPh3)] (4). In the crystals, many weak interactions like H bonds (H…O, H…I, H…π), halogen bonds (I…I, I…O, I…C, I…π), and π-π contacts are found. Hirshfeld analyses show that H bonding is far more important when the PPh3 ligand is present, and this is mainly based on dispersive interactions. However, without the PPh3 ligand, H…I and other I…X contacts are the most frequently observed intermolecular interactions.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry)
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Open AccessArticle
Preparation and Antifungal Properties of Cyclopropyl Derivatives of 3-Aminoquinazolin-4(3H)-one and Salicylal Schiff Base Nickel(II) Chelate Complex
by
Alexander N. Fedotov, Elena V. Trofimova, Victor A. Tafeenko, Igor P. Gloriozov, Andrey V. Mironov and Alexandre N. Zakharov
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 304; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120304 - 25 Nov 2024
Abstract
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N-substituted 2-cyclopropyl-3-R-quinazoline-4()-ones [R: NH2 (1), N=CH(2-hydroxyphenyl) (2)] and Ni(II) chelate compound of 2-cyclopropyl-3-[(Z)-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]quinazoline-4(3H)-one (3) were synthesized and their structures and properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction data, computational optimization, 1H and 13C
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N-substituted 2-cyclopropyl-3-R-quinazoline-4()-ones [R: NH2 (1), N=CH(2-hydroxyphenyl) (2)] and Ni(II) chelate compound of 2-cyclopropyl-3-[(Z)-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]quinazoline-4(3H)-one (3) were synthesized and their structures and properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction data, computational optimization, 1H and 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance spectra. Compounds 1 and 2 are monoclinic (space group P21/n). Unit cell parameters (a, b, c) are 9.2529; 4.7246; 22.3460 Å and 10.2811; 4.6959; 30.972 Å for 1 and 2, respectively. Nickel(II) chelate compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic crystal system (space group Pbca). Unit cell parameters (a, b, c) for 3 are 26.5010; 14.8791; 8.904975 Å, respectively. Schiff base 2 in the crystalline state exhibits two rotary isomers in a molar ratio of 1:3, among which only a minor component as a bidentate ligand can form compound 3 with Ni(II) ion. Nickel(II) ion in 3 is coordinated by N donor atoms and deprotonated O atoms of Schiff base ligands to form square-planar chelate node NiN2O2. All synthesized compounds revealed high antifungal activity against bread mold (Mucor mucedo).
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Emerging Carbon-Based Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Insights into Mechanisms and Applications
by
Jing Guo, Yuqi Yao, Xin Yan, Xue Meng, Qing Wang, Yahui Zhang, Shengxue Yan, Xue Zhao and Shaohua Luo
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120303 - 25 Nov 2024
Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), as a key electrode process in fuel cells and metal-air batteries, plays a pivotal role in advancing clean energy technologies. However, the slow kinetics and high overpotential of the ORR significantly limit the efficiency of these energy devices.
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The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), as a key electrode process in fuel cells and metal-air batteries, plays a pivotal role in advancing clean energy technologies. However, the slow kinetics and high overpotential of the ORR significantly limit the efficiency of these energy devices. Therefore, the development of efficient, stable, and cost-effective ORR catalysts has become a central focus of current research. Carbon-based catalysts, with their excellent conductivity, chemical stability, and tunable structural features, have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional precious metal catalysts. Nevertheless, challenges remain in the design of active sites, the tuning of electronic structures, and the large-scale synthesis of carbon-based catalysts. This review systematically introduces the fundamental mechanisms and key factors influencing the ORR, providing an analysis of the critical variables that affect catalyst performance. Furthermore, it summarizes several common methods for synthesizing carbon-based catalysts, including pyrolysis, deposition, and ball milling. Following this, the review categorizes and discusses the latest advancements in metal-free carbon-based catalysts, single-atom and dual-atom catalysts, as well as metal-based nanoparticle catalysts, with a particular focus on their mechanisms for enhancing the ORR performance. Finally, the current state of research on carbon-based ORR catalysts is summarized, and future development directions are proposed, emphasizing the optimization of active sites, improvements in catalyst stability, and potential strategies for large-scale applications.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Inorganic Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Catalysis Applications)
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