Categorical data is a fundamental element of real-world tabular classification problems. In typical machine learning workflows, encoding strategies are used to convert categorical data into numerical representations. These encoding strategies vary in...
Attribute reduction is a fundamental problem in rough set theory that seeks a minimal subset of condition attributes that preserve the discernibility capability of the original decision system. Traditional heuristic methods—greedy forward selec...
Online learning has become increasingly prevalent in real-world applications, where data streams often comprise heterogeneous feature types—both nominal and numerical—and labels may not arrive synchronously with features. However, most ex...
This paper focuses on the factors influencing the language of determiners in nominal constructions in two sets of bilingual data: Spanish/English from Miami and Spanish/English creole from Nicaragua. Previous studies (Liceras et al. 2008; Moro Quinta...
Real-world datasets are heavily skewed where some classes are significantly outnumbered by the other classes. In these situations, machine learning algorithms fail to achieve substantial efficacy while predicting these underrepresented instances. To...
The paper’s primary purpose is to better monitor shocks; therefore, reliable scientific methods should be used to predict, monitor, and implement those events. In this paper, tourism prices are studied as an economic,
In this paper, we propose a novel sparse clustering method designed for high-dimensional mixed-type data, integrating Azzalini’s score-based encoding for ordinal variables. Our approach aims to retain the inherent nature of each variable type&m...
The thematic processing of pseudocolor composite images, especially those created from remote sensing data, is of considerable interest. The set of spectral classes comprising such images is typically described by a nominal scale, meaning the absence...
A satellite-derived cropland extent map at high spatial resolution (30-m or better) is a must for food and water security analysis. Precise and accurate global cropland extent maps, indicating cropland and non-cropland areas, are starting points to d...
In square contingency table analysis, we consider a partial measure that represents the degree of departure from symmetry for each of several pairs. It may be useful to pool the values of the measure into a single summary measure of partial asymmetry...
Surveys can be a rich source of information. However, the extraction of underlying variables from the analysis of mixed categoric and numeric survey data is fraught with complications when using grouping techniques such as clustering or ordination. H...
Hard pegs are said to import price stability; floats, to absorb external shocks. Both claims are comparative, yet most evidence comes from single-regime settings. This paper estimates regime differences in inflation transmission on an unbalanced annu...
Secure communication is becoming an urgent need in a digital world where tera bytes of sensitive information are sent back and forth over public networks. In this paper, we combine the power of both encryption and Steganography to build a secure chan...
As genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have grown in size, the number of genetic variants that have been associated per disease has correspondingly increased. Despite this increase in the number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified...
This study investigates the long-run relationship between the U.S. dollar and the Canadian dollar by analyzing the bilateral exchange rate induced by nominal and real shocks. The methodology centers on a structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model,...
Differential object marking (DOM) interacts with nominal structure in complex ways across Romance languages. For example, in Spanish, it has been claimed to ban bare nominals. For Romanian, in turn, two main restrictions have been discussed: (i) ban...
Two main perspectives exist regarding the interaction between fiscal deficits and expansionary monetary policy. The first perspective argues that fiscal deficits raise interest rates, thereby increasing interest payments and complicating monetary sta...
In many bargaining situations, the distribution of seats or voting weights does not accurately reflect bargaining power. Maaser, Paetzel and Traub (Games and Economic Behavior, 2019) conducted an experiment to investigate the effect of such nominal p...
Looking for regular statistical trends of relations in schools, we constructed 42 independent weighted directed networks of simultaneous friendship and animosity from surveys we made in the Mexico City Metropolitan area in classrooms with students of...
As inverter-based renewable generation increases, load modeling from ambient measurements is important for power-system stability assessment. Under ambient conditions, voltage and frequency variations are small, whereas time-varying nominal power can...
Strain wave gears, also known as harmonic drives, are employed in a wide range of fields such as robotics and aerospace, where light weights, precision, and reliability are essential to the correct execution of the tasks. For this reason, their under...
Under abnormal troposphere, Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) is unable to eliminate troposphere delay, resulting in non-nominal troposphere error. This paper analyzes the troposphere meteorological data of eight International GNSS Monitoring A...
Given the complexity of real-world datasets, it is difficult to present data structures using existing deep learning (DL) models. Most research to date has concentrated on datasets with only one type of attribute: categorical or numerical. Categorica...
Background and Objectives: Non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a multifactorial disorder influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1) gene encodes the glucocorti...
Many studies have shown successful applications of the Dirichlet process mixture model (DPMM) for clustering continuous data. Beyond continuous data, in practice, one can expect to see different data types, including ordinal and nominal data. Existin...
In the realm of practical engineering, engineers commonly employ rod system models for modeling and analysis, which consequently precludes them from calculating the nominal forces exerted on welds at intricate nodes. This paper addresses the design c...
Adequate knowledge of mechanical properties and their statistical description is the basis for performing reliable verification of design methods and design of structures in general. The probabilistic design approach implemented in Eurocodes requires...
For robotic systems involved in challenging environments, it is crucial to be able to identify faults as early as possible. In challenging environments, it is not always possible to explore all of the fault space, thus anomalous data can act as a bro...
This study explored the buckling performance of bi-segment pressure hulls under external pressure. We fabricated bi-segment pressure hulls from bi-segment cylindrical preforms by using free bulging. The cylindrical preforms had a nominal thickness of...
The new algorithm presented in this paper determines the multi-mode blade vibration components when the time of blade arrival is known from an experiment. The validation of the algorithm is presented in a numerical simulation, which assumes the blade...
Research on different populations of heritage speakers (HSs) has demonstrated that these speakers (i) frequently produce fewer adjectives, and (ii) produce more errors in nominal concord than in subject–verb agreement. The first point, (i), has...
Laser trackers (LT) are widely used to calibrate other machines. Nevertheless, very little is known about calibrating an LT. There are some standards that allow us to evaluate the LT performance. However, they require specialized equipment. A calibra...
This article is devoted to the study of syntactic and pragmatic functions of the vocative and direct address constructions. Since the direct address in Latvian, in addition to the vocative, also permits the nominative and accusative, this article exa...
The Joint Precision Approach Landing System (JPALS) addresses tropospheric errors through double-difference and tropospheric model correction. Large residuals occur with two types of tropospheric anomalies: the vertical duct and horizontal non-nomina...
Background: Case marking serves as a crucial cue in sentence processing, enabling the prediction of upcoming arguments, thematic roles, and event structure. Cross-linguistic studies have revealed language-specific variations in case processing, with...
Go-arounds are a necessary aspect of commercial aviation and are conducted after a landing attempt has been aborted. It is necessary to conduct go-arounds in the safest possible manner, as go-arounds are the most safety-critical of operations. Recent...
We conducted a comparative chromosomal analysis of 10 nominal species and 3 unidentified species in the Simulium striatum group from six countries. A total of 66 chromosomal rearrangements were found, of which 78.8% were inversions. The group is defi...
Pronoun resolution is essential for language comprehension, yet the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly characterized. Here, we investigate the neural dynamics of impersonal pronoun processing using electroencephalography combined...
Western Austronesian languages, like Tagalog, have unique, complex voice systems that require the correct combinations of verbal and nominal markers, raising many questions about their learnability. In this article, we review the experimental and obs...
Machine-learning surrogates predict composite properties but report no calibrated reliability and may violate physics. Bound-constrained conformal prediction confines intervals to physical bounds but assumes them exact. This paper keeps the corridor...
A dataset of uncompressed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) raw data has been acquired with Sentinel-1C and Sentinel-1D, providing, for the first time, complex raw data representative of the instrument signal prior to lossy onboard compression. Comprise...
With the increasing focus on decarbonisation of the transport sector, it is imperative to consider routes to electrify vehicles beyond those achievable using lithium-ion battery technology. These include heavy goods vehicles and aerospace application...
Economic and financial forecasts are important for business planning and government policy but are notoriously challenging. We take advantage of recent advances in individual and group judgement, and a data set of economic and financial forecasts com...
UAVs come in many different platforms such as quadcopters, hexacopters, hybrid models, etc., with diverse attribute types which can be characterised as heterogeneous data. In MCDM, heterogeneous datasets pose several challenges, as most methods are d...
Real-time estimation of the in-cylinder pressure of combustion engines is crucial to detect failures and improve the performance of the engine control system. A new estimation scheme is proposed based on the Extended Kalman Filter, which exploits mea...
Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with emerging links to the gut–skin axis, yet integrative data connecting fecal microbiota with metabolic and immune parameters remain scarce. Methods: Within a cohort of Croatian women (...
Socioemotional relationships significantly influence students’ learning, development, and school well-being. This study explored gender differences in sympathy and antipathy based on data originally gathered via a digital platform primarily des...
Accurate determination of fishing effort from Automatic Identification System (AIS) data improves catch per unit effort (CPUE) estimation and precise spatial management. By combining AIS data with catch information, a weighted distribution method is...
This study proposes a transformed two-part bootstrap confidence interval (TTB-CI) for zero-inflated count data. The method combines a standard zero-inflated mixture formulation, parametric bootstrap, and monotone transformations to improve inference...
In this work, we explored the feasibility of using a transformer-based time-series forecasting architecture, known as the Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT), for anomaly detection using threaded track data from the MITRE Corporation’s Transporta...
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