Functional electrical stimulation (FES) device has been widely used by spinal cord injury (SCI) patients in their rehab exercises to restore motor function to their paralysed muscles. The major challenge of muscle contraction induced by FES is early...
Rehabilitation of paralysis caused by a stroke or a spinal cord injury remains a complex and time-consuming task. This work proposes a hybrid exoskeleton approach combining a traditional exoskeleton and functional electrical stimulation (FES) as a pr...
For individuals with movement impairments due to neurological injuries, rehabilitative therapies such as functional electrical stimulation (FES) and rehabilitation robots hold vast potential to improve their mobility and activities of daily living. C...
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been widely used to treat spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Many research studies employ a closed-loop FES system to monitor the stimulated muscle response and provide a precise amount of charge to the mus...
Constant coefficients of friction (COFs) are currently used in the literature to describe the contact mechanics between tool and workpiece for finite element (FE) machining simulation of carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRPs). However, these are so...
The rapid growth of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP)-based lithium-ion batteries in energy storage raises urgent challenges for resource recovery and environmental protection. In this study, we propose a novel method for rapid and selective lith...
31 January 2023
Contamination with toxic metals prevents the use of sewage sludge (SS) as a soil fertilizer. Hydrodynamic cavitation, thermal microwaving, microwave-assisted alkaline, and acid hydrolysis coupled with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) washing were t...
In this study, we delve into the intricacies of addressing the challenge posed by simultaneous external disturbances and ever-changing actuator and sensor faults in the context of linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems. Our focus is on fault estimati...
In the field of transcutaneous functional electrical stimulation (FES), open-loop and closed-loop control strategies have been developed to restore functions of the lower limbs: walking, standing up, maintaining posture, and cycling. These strategies...
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a rehabilitation and assistive technique used for stroke survivors. FES systems mainly consist of sensors, a control algorithm, and a stimulation unit. However, there is a critical need to reassess sensing a...
Nd–Fe–B permanent magnets are vital for numerous key technologies in strategic sectors such as renewable energy production, e-mobility, defense, and aerospace. Accordingly, the demand for rare earth elements (REEs) enormously increases in...
Switching over to closed-loop soilless culture systems, thus preventing pollution of water resources by nitrates and saving water and fertilizers, requires accurate estimations of the mean nutrient-to-water uptake ratios. To contribute to this object...
This paper presents automated laser ablation strategies to improve the temperature distribution across the surface of inhomogeneous Ni-Fe-Cr-NiO electrical heating elements during joule heating. A number of iterative closed-loop laser control algorit...
Motor imagery (MI)-based brain–computer interfaces (BCI) have shown increased potential for the rehabilitation of stroke patients; nonetheless, their implementation in clinical practice has been restricted due to their low accuracy performance....
Aquaponics is a promising cultivation technique for combined production of crops and fish, on the condition of tackling certain nutrients deficiencies. The aim of the present study was to examine the limitations imposed by the system on spinach (Spin...
This paper presents a system-level model of a microsystem architecture deploying cooperating microactuators. An assembly of a piezoelectric kick-actuator and an electromagnetic catch-actuator manipulates a structurally unconnected, magnetized micromi...
The sustainable recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is critical for resource conservation and environmental protection but remains challenging due to the complex coexistence of target and impurity metals. This study s...
A new battery charger, based on a multiphase resonant converter, for a high-capacity 48 V LiFePO4 lithium-ion battery is presented. LiFePO4 batteries are among the most widely used today and offer high energy efficiency, high safety performance, very...
In conventional position sensorless permanent magnet (PM) machine drives, the rotor position is obtained from the phase-locked loop (PLL) with the regulation of spatial signal in estimated back electromotive force (EMF) voltages. Due to the sinusoida...
Frequency-dependent adaptive noise cancellation-based tracking controller (ANC-TC) is a known technique for the stabilization of several nonlinear dynamical systems. In recent years, this control strategy has been introduced and applied for the stabi...
In aquaponics, a closed-loop system which combines fish and crop production, essential nutrients for plant growth are often at sub-optimal concentrations. The aim of the present study was to identify system limitations and thoroughly examine the inte...
In recent years, under the background of global low-carbon development, the production of NdFeB magnets has increased dramatically. With the end of magnet life, a large number of discarded products will be produced in the future. At the same time, 6&...
Compared with electroplating, liquid casting enables the rapid formation of a three-dimensional solenoid coil with a narrower line width and greater thickness, which proves advantageous in enhancing the comprehensive performance of the micro-electrom...
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a potential neurorehabilitative intervention to enable functional movements in persons with neurological conditions that cause mobility impairments. However, the quick onset of muscle fatigue during FES is a...
A wearable closed-loop transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) platform has been developed to address the limitations of conventional open-loop neuromodulation systems. Unlike existing systems such as CLoSES—which targets intracrania...
Afferent signals recorded from the dorsal root ganglion can be used to extract sensory information to provide feedback signals in a functional electrical stimulation (FES) system. The goal of this study was to propose an efficient feature projection...
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) batteries dominate grid-scale energy storage, yet their cycle life is capped by its capacity fade issues. Conventional failure workflows suffer from redundant tests, high cost, and long turnaround time because th...
Safety is a critical feature for all passenger vehicles, making fail–safe operation of the traction drive system highly important. Increasing demands for traction drives that can operate in challenging environments over wide constant power speed rang...
High-alkali coal is rich in alkali metals, which can cause serious effects such as slagging and corrosion on the heating surface during combustion and utilization. A portable spectral system was utilized to simultaneously measure gaseous Na concentra...
Neurological diseases may reduce Tibialis Anterior (TA) muscle recruitment capacity causing gait disorders, such as drop foot (DF). The majority of DF patients still retain excitable nerves and muscles which makes Functional Electrical Stimulation (F...
This study investigates advanced strategies for r regenerating and recycling lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) materials from spent lithium-ion batteries. Recovery techniques are categorized into direct regeneration, which restores positive elect...
This paper presents a robust sliding mode fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategy for a class of linear parameter variant (LPV) systems with variable time-delays and uncertainties. First fault estimation (FE) is conducted using a robust sliding mode ob...
This research addresses the intricate challenges of fault estimation (FE) and fault-tolerant control (FTC) within a specific subset of T-S fuzzy systems. These systems are characterized by their localized nonlinear models, the presence of unknown inp...
Renewable energy power generation systems such as photovoltaic and wind power have characteristics of intermittency and volatility, which can cause disturbances to the grid frequency. The battery system of electric vehicles (EVs) is a mobile energy s...
A closed-loop system imitating the function of pancreatic cells, connected to microneedles (MNs) that automatically “release” insulin in response to the blood glucose (BG) levels would be highly satisfactory for improving the quality of l...
In this work, a closed-loop strategy for the management and valorization of winery waste was proposed. The exhausted pomace and grape stalks that are typically obtained from white wine industries were used as a source of simple sugars, namely, glucos...
The rational design of photoanode materials is pivotal for advancing photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting toward sustainable hydrogen production. This review highlights recent progress in the machine learning (ML)-assisted development of nanost...
During the radial–axial ring rolling (RARR) process of super-large rings, abnormal deformation states such as instability and out of circularity often lead to rolling termination and quality fluctuation of ring products. In this work, an intell...
Optimal operation of hydropower plants (HP) is a crucial task for the control of several variables involved in the power generation process, including hydraulic level and power generation rate. In general, there are three main problems that an optima...
The LiFePO4 (LFP) battery tends to underperform in low temperature: the available energy drops, while the state of charge (SOC) and residual available energy (RAE) estimation error increase dramatically compared to the result under room temperature,...
This study introduces a novel controller based on a Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm for real-time adaptation of the stimulation pattern during FES-cycling. Core to our approach is the introduction of an RL agent that interacts with the cycling...
Background/Objectives: Slow oscillation (SO) brainwaves observed during sleep have been shown to reflect the process of memory consolidation, that underlies the critical role of sleep in learning, memory, and other cognitive functions. Closed-loop au...
With the increasing density of urban underground space development, the soil disturbance induced by large-section rectangular pipe jacking poses a significant threat to the safety of underlying subway tunnels. Taking the Lihe Road utility tunnel proj...
Thin (~50 nm thick) BaM hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) films were grown on (1–102) and (0001) cut α-Al2O3 (sapphire) substrates via laser molecular beam epitaxy using a one- or two-stage growth protocol. The advantages of a two-stage protocol ar...
Today, magnetic hyperthermia constitutes a complementary way to cancer treatment. This article reports a promising aspect of magnetic hyperthermia addressing superparamagnetic and highly Fe/Au core-shell nanoparticles. Those nanoparticles were prepar...
Deep-sea archives all over the world show an enhanced concentration of the radionuclide 60Fe, isolated in layers dating from about 2.2 Myr ago. Since this comparatively long-lived isotope is not naturally produced on Earth, such an enhancement can on...
Magnetic protective fabrics with fine wearability and great protective properties are highly desirable for aerospace, national defense, and wearable protective applications. The study of the controllable preparation method of Nd3+ doped in Fe3O4 nano...
Valorizing agro-industrial waste into functional materials for environmental remediation and resource recovery is essential for advancing circular economy models. This study presents a novel closed-loop strategy to convert annatto (Bixa orellana) see...
This study reports on the magnetic properties of commercial cornflakes, which are primarily influenced by the iron content. An initial analysis of X-ray fluorescence on a brand of cornflakes evidenced the presence of a high concentration of Cl and up...
The Escherichia coli fumarate and nitrate reduction (FNR) regulator acts as the cell’s master switch for the transition between anaerobic and aerobic respiration, controlling the expression of >300 genes in response to O2 availability. Oxyge...
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