Functional electrical stimulation (FES) device has been widely used by spinal cord injury (SCI) patients in their rehab exercises to restore motor function to their paralysed muscles. The major challenge of muscle contraction induced by FES is early...
Rehabilitation of paralysis caused by a stroke or a spinal cord injury remains a complex and time-consuming task. This work proposes a hybrid exoskeleton approach combining a traditional exoskeleton and functional electrical stimulation (FES) as a pr...
For individuals with movement impairments due to neurological injuries, rehabilitative therapies such as functional electrical stimulation (FES) and rehabilitation robots hold vast potential to improve their mobility and activities of daily living. C...
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been widely used to treat spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Many research studies employ a closed-loop FES system to monitor the stimulated muscle response and provide a precise amount of charge to the mus...
The rapid growth of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP)-based lithium-ion batteries in energy storage raises urgent challenges for resource recovery and environmental protection. In this study, we propose a novel method for rapid and selective lith...
Constant coefficients of friction (COFs) are currently used in the literature to describe the contact mechanics between tool and workpiece for finite element (FE) machining simulation of carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRPs). However, these are so...
Against the backdrop of the ever-expanding practical applications of magnetic nanofluids, the self-driven flow and heat transfer characteristics of water-based Fe3O4 magnetic nanofluids were experimentally investigated under a uniform magnetic field...
31 January 2023
Contamination with toxic metals prevents the use of sewage sludge (SS) as a soil fertilizer. Hydrodynamic cavitation, thermal microwaving, microwave-assisted alkaline, and acid hydrolysis coupled with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) washing were t...
In this study, we delve into the intricacies of addressing the challenge posed by simultaneous external disturbances and ever-changing actuator and sensor faults in the context of linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems. Our focus is on fault estimati...
In the field of transcutaneous functional electrical stimulation (FES), open-loop and closed-loop control strategies have been developed to restore functions of the lower limbs: walking, standing up, maintaining posture, and cycling. These strategies...
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a rehabilitation and assistive technique used for stroke survivors. FES systems mainly consist of sensors, a control algorithm, and a stimulation unit. However, there is a critical need to reassess sensing a...
Effective iron removal from highly acidic leachates without neutralizer addition is a long-standing challenge in hydrometallurgy. For Cu-Co-bearing pyrite cinder, we demonstrate that a cyclic leaching process achieves this outcome. Operating entirely...
Nd–Fe–B permanent magnets are vital for numerous key technologies in strategic sectors such as renewable energy production, e-mobility, defense, and aerospace. Accordingly, the demand for rare earth elements (REEs) enormously increases in...
Switching over to closed-loop soilless culture systems, thus preventing pollution of water resources by nitrates and saving water and fertilizers, requires accurate estimations of the mean nutrient-to-water uptake ratios. To contribute to this object...
This paper presents automated laser ablation strategies to improve the temperature distribution across the surface of inhomogeneous Ni-Fe-Cr-NiO electrical heating elements during joule heating. A number of iterative closed-loop laser control algorit...
Aquaponics is a promising cultivation technique for combined production of crops and fish, on the condition of tackling certain nutrients deficiencies. The aim of the present study was to examine the limitations imposed by the system on spinach (Spin...
Motor imagery (MI)-based brain–computer interfaces (BCI) have shown increased potential for the rehabilitation of stroke patients; nonetheless, their implementation in clinical practice has been restricted due to their low accuracy performance....
This paper presents a system-level model of a microsystem architecture deploying cooperating microactuators. An assembly of a piezoelectric kick-actuator and an electromagnetic catch-actuator manipulates a structurally unconnected, magnetized micromi...
The sustainable recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is critical for resource conservation and environmental protection but remains challenging due to the complex coexistence of target and impurity metals. This study s...
A new battery charger, based on a multiphase resonant converter, for a high-capacity 48 V LiFePO4 lithium-ion battery is presented. LiFePO4 batteries are among the most widely used today and offer high energy efficiency, high safety performance, very...
This study presents a novel, low-temperature thermochemical activation process for the selective extraction of Cr and V from carbon steel EAF (CH1) and FeCr (CH2) slags at temperatures of up to 600 °C. Of the twelve reagents tested, NaOH was iden...
Frequency-dependent adaptive noise cancellation-based tracking controller (ANC-TC) is a known technique for the stabilization of several nonlinear dynamical systems. In recent years, this control strategy has been introduced and applied for the stabi...
In aquaponics, a closed-loop system which combines fish and crop production, essential nutrients for plant growth are often at sub-optimal concentrations. The aim of the present study was to identify system limitations and thoroughly examine the inte...
A closed-loop CO2-aeration system, with integrated pH feedback, multiparameter sensing, water circulation, RS485 communication, stainless-steel gas-path valves, and fluorinated vessel interiors, was developed for controlled trace-metal size-fractiona...
In conventional position sensorless permanent magnet (PM) machine drives, the rotor position is obtained from the phase-locked loop (PLL) with the regulation of spatial signal in estimated back electromotive force (EMF) voltages. Due to the sinusoida...
In recent years, under the background of global low-carbon development, the production of NdFeB magnets has increased dramatically. With the end of magnet life, a large number of discarded products will be produced in the future. At the same time, 6&...
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a potential neurorehabilitative intervention to enable functional movements in persons with neurological conditions that cause mobility impairments. However, the quick onset of muscle fatigue during FES is a...
Compared with electroplating, liquid casting enables the rapid formation of a three-dimensional solenoid coil with a narrower line width and greater thickness, which proves advantageous in enhancing the comprehensive performance of the micro-electrom...
A wearable closed-loop transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) platform has been developed to address the limitations of conventional open-loop neuromodulation systems. Unlike existing systems such as CLoSES—which targets intracrania...
In this paper, we experimentally investigated the integrated processing of high-iron Kazakh bauxites by reducing smelting of ore–coke–lime briquettes to produce an Fe-Al-Si metallic alloy, which is of potential interest for steel deoxidat...
Bayer red mud is a highly alkaline, fine-grained solid waste generated at ~180 million tons per year, posing persistent environmental hazards while containing recoverable Fe, Al, Ti, and rare earth elements. This review critically evaluates selective...
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) batteries dominate grid-scale energy storage, yet their cycle life is capped by its capacity fade issues. Conventional failure workflows suffer from redundant tests, high cost, and long turnaround time because th...
Afferent signals recorded from the dorsal root ganglion can be used to extract sensory information to provide feedback signals in a functional electrical stimulation (FES) system. The goal of this study was to propose an efficient feature projection...
The conductor temperature of a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) cable limits its current-carrying capacity and governs the aging of the cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation. Transient finite-element (FE) simulation provides the full temperat...
Neurological diseases may reduce Tibialis Anterior (TA) muscle recruitment capacity causing gait disorders, such as drop foot (DF). The majority of DF patients still retain excitable nerves and muscles which makes Functional Electrical Stimulation (F...
High-alkali coal is rich in alkali metals, which can cause serious effects such as slagging and corrosion on the heating surface during combustion and utilization. A portable spectral system was utilized to simultaneously measure gaseous Na concentra...
Safety is a critical feature for all passenger vehicles, making fail–safe operation of the traction drive system highly important. Increasing demands for traction drives that can operate in challenging environments over wide constant power speed rang...
This study investigates advanced strategies for r regenerating and recycling lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) materials from spent lithium-ion batteries. Recovery techniques are categorized into direct regeneration, which restores positive elect...
This paper presents a robust sliding mode fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategy for a class of linear parameter variant (LPV) systems with variable time-delays and uncertainties. First fault estimation (FE) is conducted using a robust sliding mode ob...
Recycled aluminium moves from downcycling towards the automotive sheet, structural castings and high-performance extrusions. The central constraint on closed-loop recycling is no longer the mere presence of impurities. It is the multiscale microstruc...
In the field of orthopedic surgery, particularly distraction osteogenesis (DO), the mechanical environment plays a decisive role in the quality of bone regeneration and the safety of the soft tissue envelope. The continuous monitoring and accurate pr...
This research addresses the intricate challenges of fault estimation (FE) and fault-tolerant control (FTC) within a specific subset of T-S fuzzy systems. These systems are characterized by their localized nonlinear models, the presence of unknown inp...
Renewable energy power generation systems such as photovoltaic and wind power have characteristics of intermittency and volatility, which can cause disturbances to the grid frequency. The battery system of electric vehicles (EVs) is a mobile energy s...
Oropharyngeal dysphagia impairs oral and/or pharyngeal swallowing and can produce aspiration, residue, delayed onset, and incomplete hyolaryngeal elevation; esophageal dysphagia is outside the present scope. This paper presents SafeSwallow, a compact...
Background: Sensor-based systems increasingly allow post-stroke rehabilitation devices to infer voluntary movement intention and respond to active effort, but approaches vary widely in sensor modality, target movement, recognition method, and applica...
Aluminum multifunctional housings can enhance circularity in electronics by replacing polymer enclosures while integrating heat sinking and electronic functions via laser direct structuring (LDS). Within the ALU4CED concept, we applied an IR-compatib...
A closed-loop system imitating the function of pancreatic cells, connected to microneedles (MNs) that automatically “release” insulin in response to the blood glucose (BG) levels would be highly satisfactory for improving the quality of l...
In this work, a closed-loop strategy for the management and valorization of winery waste was proposed. The exhausted pomace and grape stalks that are typically obtained from white wine industries were used as a source of simple sugars, namely, glucos...
The rational design of photoanode materials is pivotal for advancing photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting toward sustainable hydrogen production. This review highlights recent progress in the machine learning (ML)-assisted development of nanost...
The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 7 and 13) have accelerated the search for sustainable carbon materials to address energy and environmental challenges. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) effectively converts wet biomass into hydrochar without...
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