Second Life and Recycling: Perspectives for High-Performance Batteries

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Battery Processing, Manufacturing and Recycling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 16 January 2025 | Viewed by 2168

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Industrial Materials Recycling, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 4, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
Interests: batteries; recycling; supercritical fluid; pyrometallurgy; PV recycling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Industrial Materials Recycling, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 4, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
Interests: batteries; recycling; solvent extraction; hydrometallurgy; industrial waste
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Circular Economy Solutions, Geological Survey of Finland, GTK Mintec, Tutkijankatu 1, FI-83500 Outokumpu, Finland
Interests: batteries; recycling; ion exchange; solvent extraction; hydrometallurgy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

High-performance batteries are widely used in a variety of consumer and industrial applications, including smartphones, laptops, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems. As the demand for these batteries continues to grow, so does the need for effective recycling methods to manage them at the end of their life. High-performance-battery recycling involves the recovery and re-use of the valuable materials contained within them, reducing the need for new resources and minimizing the environmental impact of discarded batteries.

Second-life batteries are either used again or as a combination of their modules or cells. Due to their characteristic dispersion, the elements must be selected and sorted. Performance evolution and battery behavior during their second life must be observed, wherein specific energy management may be needed. This Special Issue invites researchers to contribute original research/review/perspective articles on the development of advanced technologies and alternative solutions for high-performance-battery recycling and second-life applications.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • The upcycling and recycling of different components of waste lithium-ion batteries (cathodes, anodes, electrolytes, and current collectors);
  • Aging characterization during first and second lives;
  • Aging, thermal, and electric modeling from first to second life and beyond;
  • The optimal design of second-life energy storage systems with respect to their lifetime;
  • Electrical and thermal safety issues;
  • The application of second-life batteries;
  • Life cycle and techno-economic assessment;
  • Direct recycling.

Dr. Burçak Ebin
Dr. Martina Petranikova
Dr. Junhua Xu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Batteries is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • recycling
  • sustainability
  • second-life battery
  • advanced processing
  • hydrometallurgy
  • pyrometallurgy
  • LCA
  • critical raw materials

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 2104 KiB  
Article
Selective Separation of Lithium from Leachate of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries by Zirconium Phosphate/Polyacrylonitrile Composite: Leaching and Sorption Behavior
by Baffa Haruna, Zhongyan Luo, Mujtaba Aminu Muhammad, Jinfeng Tang, Jukka Kuva, Risto Koivula, Hongli Bao and Junhua Xu
Batteries 2024, 10(7), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10070254 - 17 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1368
Abstract
This study introduces a straightforward and effective amorphous ZrP/polyacrylonitrile composite ion exchange method for separating Li from the leachate of spent Li-ion batteries (NMC 111). The cathode materials were leached with a series of optimized experiments. The influence of operating variables, including the [...] Read more.
This study introduces a straightforward and effective amorphous ZrP/polyacrylonitrile composite ion exchange method for separating Li from the leachate of spent Li-ion batteries (NMC 111). The cathode materials were leached with a series of optimized experiments. The influence of operating variables, including the H2SO4 concentration, temperature, H2O2 concentration, and pulp density, on leaching efficiency was examined to determine the optimal conditions for sorption experiments. The leaching efficiencies of Li, Co, Ni, and Mn were found to be 99.9%, 99.5%, 98.8%, and 99.9%, respectively. Subsequently, batch sorption experiments were performed by using am-ZrP/PAN, including the determination of the effect of pH, sorption kinetics, and the sorption isotherm. The effect of pH on adsorption was examined in 1 mmol/L equimolar solutions of Li, Ni, Mn, and Co. Li was separated from Mn, Co, and Ni in the leaching liquor. The adsorbent for Mn, Co, and Ni sorption better fitted pseudo-second-order kinetics. High selectivity for Li was observed, even at the higher solution concentration of 15 mM Li, Ni, Co and Mn. In addition, the column loading process demonstrated selectivity for Li over Co, Ni, and Mn metal ions. The preliminary evaluation of the whole process with mass flow demonstrated that it would be feasible to achieve full separation and metal recovery by integrating a combined hydrometallurgical method in future studies. However, much work is still needed to develop a practical separation flowsheet. Full article
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