This paper presents an alternating testing strategy to improve the reliability of multi-state safety instrumented systems (SISs) under degradation conditions. A dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model is developed to assess SIS unavailability, integrati...
Aptitude test scores are typically interpreted similarly for examinees with the same overall score. However, research has found evidence of examinee differences in strategies, as well as in the continued application of appropriate procedures during t...
With the development of society, users have increasing requirements for the high-quality experience of products. The pursuit of a high profit conversion rate also gradually puts forward higher requirements for product details in the competition. Prod...
The qualification and validation of nuclear technologies are daunting tasks for fusion demonstration (DEMO) and power plants. This is particularly true for advanced designs that involve harsh radiation environment with 14 MeV neutrons and high-temper...
Background/Objectives: To evaluate whether a TSH-receptor antibody (TRAb)-first, one-sample diagnostic strategy improves etiologic classification of overt hyperthyroidism compared with conventional pathways, and to assess its implications for imaging...
12 February 2021
Western countries are experiencing surges in COVID-19 cases and deaths due to increasing public transportation during holiday seasons. This study aimed to explore whether mainland China will face an epidemic rebound during the Spring Festival holiday...
In the last two decades, great strides have been made in developing alternative methods to animal testing for regulatory and safety testing. In 2021, a breakthrough in regulatory testing was achieved in that the first test strategies employing non-an...
Atypical fetal chromosomal anomalies are more frequent than previously recognized and can affect fetal development. We propose a screening strategy for a genome-wide non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) to detect these atypical chromosomal anomalies (AC...
Undiagnosed HIV infection is a prominent clinical issue throughout Europe that requires the continuous attention of all healthcare professionals and policymakers to prevent missed testing opportunities and late diagnosis. This systematic review aimed...
Nanotechnology has rapidly promoted the development of a new generation of industrial and commercial products; however, it has also raised some concerns about human health and safety. To evaluate the toxicity of the great diversity of nanomaterials (...
In the field of powertrain engineering, longstanding knowledge was gained for testing conventional vehicle powertrains. The hitherto used test strategies here were more focused on the subsystems of the powertrain than on the powertrain as an integrat...
Optimally organizing passengers boarding/deboarding an airplane offers a potential way to reduce the airplane turn time. The main contribution of our work is that we evaluate seven boarding strategies and two structured deboarding strategies by using...
7 October 2021
Background: Postural strategies such as ankle, hip, or combined ankle-hip strategies are used to maintain optimal postural stability, which can be influenced by the footwear type and physiological workload. Purpose: This paper reports previously unre...
III-nitride-based ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) has numerous attractive applications in air and water purification, UV photolithography, and in situ activation of drugs through optical stimulus, solid state lighting, polymer curing, and l...
The development of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) remains challenged by complex system integration, powertrain design, and the limited availability of experimental data under realistic operating conditions, which constrains the validation of ene...
A train traction system is an important part of an urban rail transit system. However, a train traction system has many components and a high risk of internal faults. How to systematically evaluate the fault coverage and diagnosis ability of testing...
In order to assess SARS-CoV-2 real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results in a real-life setting, three independent laboratories in Graz (Austria) set up a continuous cross comparison schedule. The following test systems were u...
Choosing a romantic partner for a long-term relationship is one of the most significant decisions one makes during our lifetime. We have inherited an evolved framework from our ancestors that contains traits, as well as preferences for these traits,...
The COVID-19 epidemic has spread worldwide, infected more than 0.6 billion people, and led to about 6 million deaths. Conducting large-scale COVID-19 nucleic acid testing is an effective measure to cut off the transmission chain of the COVID-19 epide...
Design for testability configures test points and plans tests during product design to support fault detection and isolation in service. Existing test strategy generation (TSG) methods mainly address offline diagnosis. As demand for uninterrupted ope...
The paper provides an overview of existing Integrated Testing Strategies (ITS) for assessing hazard and potency of skin sensitization. The ITS research is active, diverse and constantly evolving as new assays are being developed and new mechanistic i...
The stack compression test (SCT) represents an efficient method for characterizing the large deformation behavior of sheet metals and obtaining material parameters for finite element simulations. However, the experimental procedure is affected by sev...
The research aims to explore the key components of an ideal grassroots-based digital urbanisation strategy for Türkiye. This exploration seeks to shed light on the most effective digital urbanisation strategies for Türkiye. Data were collec...
The performance of volatility-based trading strategies depends, among other factors, on the asset selection and the associated risk preference. For this study, we conducted a representative survey for Germany to determine the asset preferences of ind...
In this study, hardfacing deposits using materials of different surface hardness are investigated using an innovative strategy for tribological testing. The abrasive wear behaviour of AISI 316L stainless steel is compared to the Cr–Ni–Mn...
This paper analyzes the electrical test items of the EOL testing line in automotive manufacturers. On this basis, this paper proposes and designs an integrated and automated testing strategy to deal with the problems of slow testing speed, high depen...
In this paper, a comprehensive deterministic Eco-Driving strategy for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) is presented. In this setup, multiple driving modes calculate speed profiles that are ideal for their own set of constraints simultaneously...
7 October 2022
Skin sensitization is an important regulatory endpoint associated with allergic contact dermatitis. Recently, several adverse outcome pathway (AOP)-based alternative methods were developed to replace animal testing for evaluating skin sensitizers. Th...
Non-animal assessment of skin sensitization is a global trend. Recently, scientific efforts have been focused on the integration of multiple evidence for decision making with the publication of OECD Guideline No. 497 for defined approaches to skin se...
The aims of the present study are to: (1) determine within- and between-session reliability of multiple metrics obtained during the triple hop test; and (2) determine any systematic bias in both the test and inter-limb asymmetry scores for these metr...
Naturally fractured reservoirs (NFRs) account for a significant portion of the world’s oil and gas reserves. Among them, corridor-type NFRs, characterized by discrete fracture corridors, exhibit complex flow behavior that challenges conventiona...
Accurate thermal conductivity measurement requires temperature control systems to establish stable operating conditions within a limited time. In practical thermal conductivity performance testing systems, large thermal inertia, complex heat transfer...
6 November 2017
Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) differ from other metal forms with respect to their large surface to volume ratio and subsequent inherent reactivity. Each new modification to a nanoparticle alters the surface to volume ratio, fate and subsequently the t...
With the large-scale integration of new energy and power electronic devices into power systems, frequency stability has become an increasingly critical concern. To maintain frequency stability while mitigating the high capital expenditure of energy s...
In response to the challenges of reduced efficiency and compromised seeding accuracy in conventional soybean planters operating at high speeds, this research introduces a novel precision seeding system powered by an electric drive, aiming to enhance...
Nanobodies (Nbs) are single domain antibody fragments derived from heavy-chain antibodies found in members of the Camelidae family. They have become a relevant class of biomolecules for many different applications because of several important advanta...
Hypothesis testing has been pointed out as one of the statistical topics in which students present more misconceptions. In this article, an approach based on the divide-and-conquer methodology is proposed to facilitate its learning. The proposed stra...
Exposure to chemical substances that can produce endocrine disrupting effects represents one of the most critical public health threats nowadays. In line with the regulatory framework implemented within the European Union (EU) to reduce the levels of...
Background: Several screening strategies for identifying congenital CMV (cCMV) have been proposed; however, the optimal solution has yet to be determined. We aimed to determine the prevalence of cCMV by universal screening with saliva pool testing an...
30 June 2021
Background: The epidemiological situation generated by COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of applying non-pharmacological measures in the management of the epidemic. Mass screening of the asymptomatic general population has been established as a...
Buildings account for over 40% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, with supply and return fans in air handling units consuming a significant portion of energy. To address this, researchers have explored innovative economizer damper control meth...
Effective personnel scheduling is crucial for organizations to match workload demands. However, staff scheduling is sometimes affected by unexpected events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, that disrupt regular operations. Limiting the number of on-sit...
The control strategy of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is generally not disclosed to public because it is a significant factor in determining the performance of the system. However, engineers desiring to understand the control concept of real-world...
Using hydrogen fuel cells for power systems, temperature conditions are important for efficient and reliable operations, especially in low-temperature environments. A heating system with an electrical energy buffer is therefore required for reliable...
This paper examines several portfolio rules for comparing performance against the Shanghai Composite Index. The investor can use mutual funds or sector-based Exchange-Traded funds (ETFs). Five different approaches are applied for analysis. Two core a...
Free-ranging hens are at risk of infection by parasites characterized by certain stages that develop in the soil until attaining the infective phase. To analyze the usefulness of a biological control strategy of helminths affecting pasturing hens, fe...
The AI-in-the-loop system (AIS) has been widely used in various autonomous decision and control systems, such as computing vision, autonomous vehicle, and collision avoidance systems. AIS generates and updates control strategies through learning algo...
The increasing global consciousness and collective recognition of the importance of sustainability, coupled with initiatives focused on sustainable development, have resulted in a heightened commitment and transformation among organizations and corpo...
In this study, we describe how to keep a campus safe and “open” by implementing a proactive, as opposed to reactive, strategy (the Green Zone strategy). The pillars are leadership, clear communication, clean air, vaccination campaigns, an...
The combination of different propulsion and energy storage systems for hybrid vehicles is changing the focus in the field of powertrain calibration. Shorter time-to-market as well as stricter legal requirements regarding the validation of Real Drivin...
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