World Electric Vehicle Journal

Connected vehicle platoons rely on intervehicle information to regulate longitudinal spacing and attenuate downstream disturbance propagation. This dependence also exposes the platoon to semantic deception attacks that falsify communicated gap and relative speed information while preserving kinematic consistency. This paper investigates proportional spacing tracking and velocity string stability for a predecessor-following platoon of third-order vehicles with first-order actuator dynamics under such attacks. A vehicle-dependent proportional spacing policy is developed in which the proportional factor acts exclusively on the desired spacing without scaling the leader state. The semantic falsifications are mapped through the distributed controller into an equivalent attack-induced input while their kinematic coupling is retained in the closed-loop model. Internal stability is characterized using the Routh–Hurwitz criterion, and verifiable sufficient conditions for nominal velocity string stability are derived through frequency-domain analysis. A weighted transfer-gain inequality is further established to characterize the propagation of finite-energy semantic deception. By applying Parseval’s relation, the frequency-domain bound is converted into an explicit $L_2$ energy recursion relating link-wise attack energy to downstream velocity-deviation energy. The resulting conditions clarify how the time headway, proportional spacing factor, actuator time constant, and feedback gains jointly affect the velocity string-stability margin.

Range anxiety stems less from battery size than from distrust of the dashboard range and from the difficulty of choosing among chargers that differ in speed, price and connector. We present PC-EVR, a charging-stop selection framework for long-distance EV trips that combines (i) an XGBoost range predictor, scaled to each vehicle, with (ii) a Weighted Partial MaxSAT choice of the next stop that is re-solved at every decision point with the core-guided RC2 solver. A three-level state-of-charge (SOC) policy (normal operation at 20% or more, controlled relaxation at 15–20%, emergency operation below 10% in exceptional cases) is applied to the estimated arrival SOC, and realized arrivals are reported by band. XGBoost had the lowest error of four range models on simulated data and the lowest journey time in an ablation, although that advantage comes from one long trip and a higher cost. On five interstate Indian trips against a 39,641-station national registry, with a common energy rate, PC-EVR averaged 28.7 h against 42.7 h (nearest station) and 49.4 h (cheapest station), and was faster on four and five of the five trips. Controls show that the saving comes from preferring fast chargers: baselines restricted to DC chargers close most of the gap. RC2 selected the same station as ranking the screened candidates in all 539 MaxSAT decisions, and we list the limits of a simulation-based evaluation.

Reference measurements can affect battery state-of-health (SOH) estimates across operating conditions. We compare reference protocols using fixed local discharge features, regression settings, training records, and evaluation rules. XJTU Batch-3 provides 4487 training records and Batch-4 provides 4639 test records from eight batteries per batch at five discharge rates. Across 40 battery–rate groups, the reference-free macro-group mean absolute error (MAE) was 0.015887. Original single-1C (B3:r3/B4:r7), early single-1C (B3:r3/B4:r3), and same-rate normalization yielded MAEs of 0.014058, 0.014584, and 0.014643, respectively. Battery-cluster bootstrap intervals for improvement over reference-free had positive lower bounds for original single-1C and fixed 0.5C; intervals for early single-1C and same-rate included zero. The lowest average error did not coincide with the lowest worst-group error. At 3C, same-rate normalization improved on the original single-1C for all eight batteries, with a mean MAE reduction of 0.006663. Separate NASA leave-one-cell-out and XJTU Batch-5 holdout analyses examined local-feature applicability under random load. Reference protocols should specify both operating condition and measurement selection, with conclusions limited by the eight target batteries.