Three-dimensional transfer functions (3D TFs) are generally assumed to fully describe the transfer behavior of optical topography measuring instruments such as coherence scanning interferometers in the spatial frequency domain. Therefore, 3D TFs are...
This paper proposes a method for visualizing three-dimensional non-uniformly sampled data from multibeam echosounder systems (MBESs), aimed at addressing the requirements of monitoring complex and dynamic underwater flow fields. To tackle the challen...
Cinematic rendering (CR) is a physically based three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) visualization technique that has been applied chiefly to the external surface morphology of vascular structures. Intraluminal CR has previously been descri...
We construct Galois coordinates that connect general three-dimensional shape representations with a layerwise spectral description of convolutional networks. Two spirals on an auxiliary ellipsoid form a closed contour; for q ≡ 3 (mod̳...
In recent years, with the popularization of intelligent scene monitoring, sound source localization (SSL) has become a major means for indoor monitoring and target positioning. However, existing sound source localization solutions are difficult to ex...
The purpose of this work was to conduct a numerical examination of mixed convective heat transfer in a three-dimensional triangular enclosure with a revolving circular cylinder in the cavity’s center. Numerical simulations of the hybrid Fe3O4/M...
Acoustical properties of various materials were analyzed in order to determine their potential for the utilization in the three-dimensional printing process of stringed musical instruments. Polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate with glyco...
Due to the limitations of planar mode wharfs, this paper proposes a new type of wharf—the three-dimensional cantilevered wharf. The proposed wharf is defined as an improvement of the traditional wharf, extending the traditional wharf upward and...
Numerous sensors can obtain images or point cloud data on land, however, the rapid attenuation of electromagnetic signals and the lack of light in water have been observed to restrict sensing functions. This study expands the utilization of two- and...
Analytical solutions of the Stokes equations written as a differential equation for the Stokes stream function were obtained. These solutions describe three-dimensional axisymmetric flows of a viscous liquid inside a drop that has the shape of a sphe...
In order to solve the problems of mass transfer polarization spatiotemporal distribution variations, uncontrollable regulation error, and accelerated capacity decay caused by ion crossover in high-power vanadium liquid flow batteries (VFBs), a three-...
This paper investigates the feasibility of using the three-dimensional omnidirectional inductive channel for power transfer and as a power line communication (PLC) for ground-based vehicle, electric air vehicle, or space applications. The simulation...
The goal of this paper is to analyze the optimal transfer towards the periodic comet 29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 1 of a solar sail-based spacecraft. This periodic and active comet is an interesting and still unexplored small body that has been reg...
The transfer of urban development goals from two-dimensional land to three-dimensional space leads to the dilemmas of the functional adjustment of partial space in the building, such as an unclear property right system, vague land financial expropria...
The main functions of a three-dimensional test device for simulating rock formations and surface movement affected by underground coal mining were described in detail, and a series of similar related tests were carried out. The device consisted of an...
In physically based volume rendering of volumetric medical imaging data, exposure levels are typically set empirically. However, differences in voxel values and opacity across transfer functions can make a fixed setting produce underexposed or overex...
The present study investigates the hydrodynamics and mass transfer of the liquid–gas ejector using three-dimensional (air–water) and two-dimensional (CO2/air-MEA (Monoethanolamine) solution) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. Fo...
Phase change materials (PCMs) represent promising functional media for thermal energy storage and thermal management applications, particularly in battery thermal management systems. Although fractal porous skeletons are capable of substantially boos...
Integrase (IN) represents a clinically validated target for the development of antivirals against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In recent years our research group has been engaged in the stucture-function study of this enzyme and in the develop...
In medical puncture robots, visible light, infrared and ultrasound images are currently used to guide punctures. The lack of information about the interaction forces between the puncture needle and soft tissue in different directions during the punct...
Background: Elucidation of the highly forward scattering of photons in random media such as biological tissue is crucial for further developments of optical imaging using photon transport models. We evaluated length and time scales of the photon scat...
The unified power quality conditioners (UPQCs) are useful to correct distortions in voltage and current waveforms in case of problems related to harmonics, flicker, and power factor. The dual topology of the UPQC allows a loop control in the inverter...
Three-dimensionally (3D)-printed catalytic structures are revolutionizing catalysis and chemical engineering. Unlike traditional supports, modern triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), lattices, and fractals actively influence mass and heat transfe...
Non-destructive measurements of high aspect ratio microscale features, especially those with internal geometries such as micro-holes, remain a challenging metrology problem that is increasing in difficulty due to the increasing requirement for more c...
A self-calibrating variable magnification three-dimensional (3D) tracking system for single fluorescent nanoparticles is proposed. The system was based on astigmatic micro-imaging and has a simple configuration incorporating a dual-spot position dete...
We consider nonlinear Boussinesq-type equations that model the heat transfer and steady viscous flows of weakly concentrated water solutions of polymers in a bounded three-dimensional domain with a heat source. On the boundary of the flow domain, the...
Convective heat transfer coefficients for external building surfaces are essential in building energy simulation (BES) to calculate convective heat gains and losses from building facades and roofs to the environment. These coefficients are complex fu...
Shading and inter-reflections created by the three-dimensional coral canopy structure play an important role on benthic reflectance and its propagation above the water. Here, a plane parallel model was coupled with a three-dimensional radiative trans...
Successful integration of retroviral DNA into the host chromosome is an essential step for viral replication. The process is mediated by virally encoded integrase (IN) and orchestrated by 3'-end processing and the strand transfer reaction. In vitro r...
The improved discrete ordinates method (IDOM) developed in our previous paper is extended to solve radiative transfer in three-dimensional radiative systems with anisotropic scattering medium. In IDOM, radiative intensities in a large number of new d...
Stem cells (SC) are largely known for their potential to restore damaged tissue through various known mechanisms. Among these mechanisms is their ability to transfer healthy mitochondria to injured cells to rescue them. This mitochondrial transfer pl...
The analysis of liquid-fueled molten-salt reactors (LFMSRs) during steady state, operational transients and accident scenarios requires addressing unique reactor multi-physics challenges with coupling between thermal hydraulics, neutronics, inventory...
Transfer accuracy is widely used to evaluate orthodontic indirect bonding workflows, particularly in the context of digital CAD/CAM planning and three-dimensional bracket positioning. However, substantial heterogeneity in its definition, measurement,...
Temporal consistency and content preservation are the prominent challenges in artistic video style transfer. To address these challenges, we present a technique that utilizes depth data and we demonstrate this on real-world videos from the web, as we...
The present study demonstrates the fabrication of a conjugated porous polymer (CPP-P2) through a Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura poly-condensation reaction. 13C cross-polarization solid-state NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy w...
In addition to investigations of the three-dimensional protein structure, information on the dynamical properties of proteins is indispensable for an understanding of protein function in general. Correlations between protein dynamics and function are...
The three-dimensional structure of Gulf of Mexico’s warm-core rings, detaching from the Loop Current, is investigated using satellite altimetry and a large set of ARGO float profiles. Reconstruction of the Loop Current rings (LCRs) vertical str...
This study presents a hierarchical conductive-network strategy to overcome the performance trade-off in cement structural supercapacitors (CSSCs). By incorporating one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) into P...
The present study is intended to investigate the effect of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) enhanced heat transfer on natural convection flow. The flow is assumed to be three-dimensional, turbulent and steady. An experiment was carried out to verify the acc...
Selective laser melting (SLM) is an emerging additive manufacturing (AM) technology for metals. Intricate three-dimensional parts can be generated from the powder bed by selectively melting the desired location of the powders. The process is repeated...
In vitro embryo production in cats and dogs still presents some challenges, and it needs to be optimized to transfer efficient protocols to related wild, endangered species. While the chemical composition of culture media has been the focus of severa...
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials have shown great application potential in the fields of three-dimensional displays, bioimaging, and information encryption and decryption. The chirality enhancement of CPL by a physical chiral environ...
Laminar convective heat transfer of elliptical minichannels is investigated for hydrodynamically fully developed but thermal developing flow with no-slip condition. A three-dimensional numerical model is developed in different elliptical geometries w...
In this study, we analyzed the three-dimensional flow of Williamson (pseudoplastic) fluids upon a linear porous stretching sheet. The thermal radiation impact was taken into account. The transformed non-linear equations were solved by the homotopy an...
The reduction process inside the ore pre-reduction rotary kiln involves a series of physicochemical reactions, and in-depth understanding of the reduction behavior is helpful to improve the product quality and productivity. This paper reports a three...
The resolution of commercially available electrocorticography (ECoG) electrodes is limited due to the large electrode spacing and, therefore, allows only a limited identification of the active nerve cell area. This paper describes a novel manufacturi...
The development of small-sized parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) for processing heat production at medium temperatures (100–250 °C) represents an interesting approach to increase the utilization of solar thermal technologies in industrial...
Glucose oxidase (GOx)-based electrodes are important for bioelectronics, such as glucose sensors. It is challenging to effectively link GOx with nanomaterial-modified electrodes while preserving enzyme activity in a biocompatible environment. To date...
Alpine gorge areas are typical regions where ecological fragility and geological hazard risk overlap strongly. Existing eco-geological assessments remain largely single- or dual-dimensional: remotely sensed indices describe surface status, ecosystem-...
Carboxylate-ligand-based coordination polymers and metal complexes form structurally adaptable crystalline systems, spanning discrete complexes, one-dimensional chains, two-dimensional layers, three-dimensional frameworks, and MOF-like architectures....
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