160 Results Found

Pyrethroid usage has risen due to restrictions on other insecticides, prompting interest in biomonitoring data as exposure indicators [...]

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used and harmful to organisms and human health. Dust ingestion is an important exposure route for OPEs to humans. In this study, by integrating ToxCast high-throughput in vitro assays with in vitro to in vivo...

(1) Background: Hot pot bases are susceptible to phthalate (PAE) contamination due to their high lipid content. Standard risk models often fail to capture extreme values, leading to biased exposure estimates. This study characterized dibutyl phthalat...

Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) has become a central framework for evaluating foodborne microbial hazards by integrating microbiological data, exposure assessment, dose–response modelling, and probabilistic simulation. Over the pa...

Exposure to chemicals is influenced by associations between the individual’s location and activities as well as demographic and physiological characteristics. Currently, many exposure models simulate individuals by drawing distributions from populati...

Mobile source air toxics (MSATs) are major contributors to urban air pollution, especially near high-traffic roadways, where populations face elevated pollutant exposures. Traditional human health risk assessments, based on deterministic methods, oft...

Based on the data from a French outbreak of legionellosis, a probabilistic approach was developed to analyze and assess the potential role of several suspected sources of contamination. Potential dates of exposure of all cases were determined using b...

Mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation in freshwater fish represents a major pathway of human exposure, particularly in cascade reservoir systems where hydrological retention and legacy contamination can enhance methylmercury (MeHg) formation and trophic trans...

Uptake of the neurotoxicant monomethylmercury (MeHg) from fish and marine mammals continues to present a public health concern in Canada and elsewhere. However, fish and marine mammals are key diet items contributing to food security for some Indigen...

The residual levels of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environment media and freshwater fish were collected and measured from Lake Chaohu by using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Potential atmospheric sources were identif...

Indoor particulate matter is a Group 1 carcinogen with no identified exposure threshold, and the portable air cleaners now widely deployed in European schools, hospitals and offices are almost always evaluated by a change in mean concentration measur...

The rapid expansion of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) and Urban Air Mobility (UAM) poses significant challenges for the integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into dense urban environments, where safety risks and population exposure are particul...

The Anning River, traversing the mineral-rich Panxi region, is highly susceptible to contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs). This study systematically investigated the contamination profiles, source apportionment, and probabilistic human...

We propose the holographic reciprocity effect (HRE) to describe the relationship between the exposure duration (ED) and the growth rate of diffraction efficiency (GRoDE) in volume holographic storage. The HRE process is investigated experimentally an...

Heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) play an important role in economic development since they are used in various branches of industry. However, all industrial activities emit HMs into the environment, where they are no longer useful but potentially toxic. It h...

Reliable air-quality monitoring is essential for urban exposure assessment and environmental policy, yet many downstream applications are hindered by sparse regulatory stations and noisy real-world measurements. While diffusion models have shown prom...

A large proportion of particulate air pollution exposure in urban areas occurs due to the penetration of outdoor pollution into the residential indoor environment. Theoretical considerations suggest that quantifying health effects due to changes to i...

This study examines the probabilistic patterns associated with casualty severity in collisions between commercial and fishing vessels in China’s coastal waters. Using 137 official accident investigation reports from 2013 to 2022, a structured d...

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a large group of botanical toxins of concern, as they are considered genotoxic carcinogens, with long-term dietary exposure presenting an elevated risk of liver cancer. PAs can contaminate honey through honeybees vis...

We sought to estimate the lifetime healthcare costs and outcomes associated with the exposure to the escalated concentration of fine particulate matter (particle size < 2.5 μm, PM_2.5) among adult Korean women. We adapted a previously developed...

One of the paths to CO₂ emissions reduction in the concrete industry is to use low-clinker cements, providing at the same time the performance of concrete that is adequate for application in concrete structures. This paper explores the impact of the...

Toxic element impurities in food additives may contribute to the dietary exposure to arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). This study aimed to quantify these toxic elements in selected food additives available on the Belgian market...

Peru faces critical challenges in the development and maintenance of its national road infrastructure, comprising over 32,000 km, of which only 26% are classified as being in good condition. This infrastructural deficit significantly elevates logisti...

The present study has applied a probabilistic oil spill modeling framework to assess the potential risks associated with offshore oil spills in the Foz do Amazonas sedimentary basin, a region of exceptional ecological importance and increasing geopol...

Background/Objectives: The combination of isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) is indicated for the treatment maintenance phase of tuberculosis (TB) in adults and children. In Brazil, there is no current reference listed drug for this indication in c...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a complex etiology involving genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. This study investigates the association between exposure to water contaminants and the risk of developing CRC in Lebanon. Population Attributable...

The Younger Dryas (YD) terminated the last glaciation and initiated the Holocene, which was accompanied by widespread glacial advances. Traditional scaling models, production rates, and outlier screening approaches for ¹⁰Be exposure dating often yiel...

Romania is highly exposed to seismic risk, with significant implications for residential earthquake insurance and risk-transfer mechanisms, due to the Vrancea intermediate-depth seismic source and a vulnerable building stock. This paper presents a ha...

Plasticizers are added to diverse consumer products including children’s products. Owing to their potential for endocrine disruption, the use of phthalate plasticizers is restricted in many children’s products. In this study, exposure to five phthala...

Chloramphenicol has been used in veterinary medicine, where its residues can remain in food of animal origin, thus potentially causing adverse health effects. This facilitated the ban for its use in food-producing animals globally, but its residues h...

Polyploidy, characterized by an increase in the number of whole sets of chromosomes in an organism, offers a promising avenue for cannabis improvement. Polyploid cannabis plants often exhibit altered morphological, physiological, and biochemical char...

Amphibian populations are threatened globally by stressors, including diminishing availability of suitable wetland breeding sites, altered hydroregimes driven by changing weather patterns, and exposure to contaminants. Ecological risk assessment shou...

Majuro Atoll in the central Pacific has high coastal vulnerability due to low-lying islands, rising sea level, high wave events, eroding shorelines, a dense population center, and limited freshwater resources. Land elevation is the primary geophysica...

Integration of Uncrewed Aircraft into unsegregated airspace requires robust and objective risk assessment in order to prevent exposure of existing airspace users to additional risk. A probabilistic Mid-Air Collision risk model is developed based on s...

Cycling for transportation is an important resource to reduce urban traffic congestion, enhance personal health, reduce energy consumption, and improve air quality, and the safety of cyclists in the cities is becoming a topic of growing interest. As...

The estimation of pesticide concentrations in surface water bodies with models is a critical component of the environmental and human health risk assessment process. The most recent version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT+) provides new f...

The food system of Zhejiang Province, a major coastal province in China, includes a wide variety of products, such as canned foods, aquatic products, vegetables, fruits, and tea, all of which may serve as potential sources of tin (Sn) exposure. Howev...

Although humans are continuously exposed to complex chemical mixtures in the environment, it has been extremely challenging to investigate the resulting cumulative risks and impacts. Recent studies proposed the use of “new approach methods,&rdq...

Children exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) are at increased risk for disease. We sought to estimate the medical costs among Korean children who were exposed to SHS at home. A Markov model was developed, including five diseases (asthma, acute otitis m...

This paper reviews the published terminology, mathematical models, and the possible approaches used to characterise the risk of foodborne chemical hazards, particularly pesticides, metals, mycotoxins, acrylamide, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons...

Health impacts of air pollutants, especially fine particles (PM_2.5) and NO₂, have been documented worldwide by epidemiological studies. Most of the existing studies utilised the concentration measured at the ambient stations to represent the pollutan...

Introduction: Exposure to violence is an adverse experience associated with the perpetration of violent future behaviors such as child-to-parent violence. Objective: The objectives were to analyze the psychometric properties of the Violence Exposure...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major carcinogenic pollutants in urban air, and inhalation exposure poses health risks, particularly for primary school children aged 6–14 years in school environments. Traditional deterministic models for...

The Kerper–Bowron Method (KB Method) is a patent-pending approach that revolutionizes service contract loss estimation and accounting by introducing a precise, contract-level approach to forecasting expected losses and cancellations. Building o...

Assessments of the water quality in coastal zones often rely on indirect indicators from contributing river inputs and the neighbouring ocean. Using a novel combination of distance accumulation cost methods and an ocean-colour product derived from SE...

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration released proposed lead (Pb) action levels for foods intended for babies and young children in January 2023 based on the agency’s interim reference value of 2.2 µg/day for dietary Pb. Since the 1980s,...

The lunar South Pole has emerged as a strategic target for future space exploration due to its potential to host valuable resources and its favorable illumination conditions. However, the absence of a significant atmosphere leaves surface infrastruct...

Gold mining firms operate in an environment characterized by substantial commodity price volatility, capital intensity, and long investment horizons. Traditional deterministic financial planning frameworks are insufficient to capture the nonlinear an...

Rapid urbanization has promoted house renovations and refurbishment in urban and rural cities. Indoor pollutants emitted through renovations and refurbishment processes have raised public concerns owing to their adverse effects on human health. In th...

The mining industry in Ghana, despite its economic significance, continues to grapple with occupational health and safety (OHS) issues, which include but are not limited to high accident rates and a largely reactive approach to safety. In this study,...