Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals and Health Risks

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Agrochemicals and Food Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 2037

Special Issue Editors

Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Guangqu Road, Beijing 100022, China
Interests: new approach methodologies; food safety; food contact material; exposure assessment; dietary exposure; cumulative risk assessment; risk assessment; threshold of toxicological concern

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Guest Editor
Department Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
Interests: liver toxicity; endocrine disruption; mixtures; NAM; NGRA; pesticides; risk assessment

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Guest Editor
Department Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
Interests: pesticides; mixture toxicity; new approach methodologies; computational toxicology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diet serves as a primary route of human exposure to various hazardous chemicals, including environmental contaminants, natural toxins, food additives, and processing by-products. Accurately assessing this dietary exposure and its associated health risks is, therefore, fundamental to ensuring food safety and safeguarding public health. This Special Issue will focus on advancing the methodologies for dietary exposure assessment and deepening our understanding of the potential health implications arising from the cumulative and combined intake of hazardous chemicals through food and beverages.

We invite the submission of high-quality original research articles and comprehensive reviews. Studies that bridge food chemistry, exposure science, toxicology, and epidemiology are particularly welcomed. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Detection and quantification of hazardous chemicals (e.g., pesticides, heavy metals, mycotoxins, endocrine disruptors, microplastics) in diverse food matrices.
  • Refinement of dietary exposure assessment methodologies, including deterministic and probabilistic models.
  • Investigation of dietary exposure to chemical mixtures, especially for vulnerable sub-populations (e.g., children, pregnant women).
  • Assessment of the health outcomes resulting from population exposure to hazardous chemicals through their diet.

This Special Issue collection aims to compile cutting-edge toxicological research that will deepen our understanding of dietary exposure-effect relationships, ultimately supporting more accurate hazard characterization and science-based health risk assessments.

Dr. Haixia Sui
Dr. Philip Marx-Stoelting
Dr. Denise Bloch
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • dietary exposure assessment
  • food chemical
  • food safety
  • risk assessment
  • exposure science
  • toxicological research
  • new approach methodologies
  • cumulative risk assessment
  • threshold of toxicological concern
  • read across
  • chemical mixtures

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 1508 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Immunotoxicity Induced by Organophosphorus Pesticide Malathion
by Weichunbai Zhang, Minhan Lou, Ling Yong, Xiao Xiao, Chunlai Liang, Wei Wang, Hui Yang, Xudong Jia, Yin Wang and Yan Song
Toxics 2026, 14(4), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics14040279 - 26 Mar 2026
Viewed by 729
Abstract
Malathion (MLT) is an organophosphate pesticide widely used worldwide. Due to its environmental persistence and accumulation in living organisms, concerns have been raised regarding its potential health effects beyond the classical mechanism of cholinergic inhibition, particularly its impact on immune function. In this [...] Read more.
Malathion (MLT) is an organophosphate pesticide widely used worldwide. Due to its environmental persistence and accumulation in living organisms, concerns have been raised regarding its potential health effects beyond the classical mechanism of cholinergic inhibition, particularly its impact on immune function. In this study, we aimed to systematically evaluate the immunotoxicity of MLT in mice and identify the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) for immunotoxic effects. Key parameters assessed included body and organ weights, hematological and clinical chemistry profiles, histopathological changes, and immune function indicators. The results showed that exposure to MLT, particularly at low and intermediate doses, led to a significant increase in thymus weight, along with marked reductions in interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels, neutrophils, polychromatic erythroblasts, and monocyte lineage cells. Histological examination revealed atrophy of splenic white pulp, indicating immunopathological alterations predominantly at these dose levels. In contrast, immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels increased in a dose-dependent manner, possibly reflecting a compensatory humoral response to the observed suppression of cellular immune components. Meanwhile, the plaque-forming cell (PFC) response exhibited a dose-dependent trend but was significantly inhibited only at the highest dose, suggesting a complex, non-linear effect on humoral immunity. Based on significant alterations in thymus weight, cellular immune parameters, and splenic histopathology observed at the lowest dose tested (16 mg/kg bw), this value was preliminarily identified as the LOAEL for MLT-induced immunotoxicity in mice. Full article
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19 pages, 1142 KB  
Article
Risk Assessment of Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) and Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in Hot Pot Bases with a Hybrid Modeling Approach
by Xiangyu Bian, Siyu Huang, Dongya Chen, Depeng Jiang, Daoyuan Yang, Yingzi Zhao, Zhujun Liu, Shiqi Chen, Yan Song, Haixia Sui and Jinfang Sun
Toxics 2026, 14(2), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics14020150 - 2 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1022
Abstract
(1) Background: Hot pot bases are susceptible to phthalate (PAE) contamination due to their high lipid content. Standard risk models often fail to capture extreme values, leading to biased exposure estimates. This study characterized dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) contamination using [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Hot pot bases are susceptible to phthalate (PAE) contamination due to their high lipid content. Standard risk models often fail to capture extreme values, leading to biased exposure estimates. This study characterized dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) contamination using a hybrid modeling framework to ensure precise risk profiling. (2) Methods: A total of 91 samples were analyzed via GC-MS. Concentration data were fitted using traditional parametric, extreme value mixture (EVMM), and finite mixture models. Probabilistic dietary risks were assessed for Chinese demographic groups using 10,000-iteration Monte Carlo simulations. (3) Results: DEHP (detection rate: 55%) and DBP (32%) were best modeled by a two-component Gamma mixture and a Lognormal–Generalized Pareto distribution, respectively. These advanced models significantly outperformed conventional distributions in capturing upper-tail extremes. Crucially, all hazard quotients (HQs) remained below the safety threshold of 1, indicating acceptable risk, although children aged 7–13 exhibited the highest calculated risk (Max DEHP HQ = 0.68). (4) Conclusions: Although current exposure levels are within safe limits, the heavy-tailed distributions identify potential sporadic high-exposure events that traditional models overlook, specifically highlighting the relative vulnerability of children aged 7–13. This study validates that hybrid statistical approaches offer superior precision for analyzing skewed contamination data. Consequently, these findings provide a critical scientific basis for refining regulatory monitoring and implementing targeted source-tracking measures to mitigate long-tail food safety risks. Full article
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