In dogs with intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE), the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale—Short Form (GCMPS) and the Sharp and Wheeler Grading Scale (SWGS) are routinely used in the evaluation of pain (GCMPS) and neurological function (SWGS)....
Background/Objectives: Although the presence and diameter of the cribriform pattern (CP) are established prognostic factors in prostate cancer (PCa), the clinical impact of quantitative cribriform tumor burden (CTB) remains poorly characterized. This...
Background/Objectives: HbA1c is widely used to identify adults at increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but major guidance differs on whether the lower limit of an HbA1c-defined risk range should be 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) or 6.0% (42 mmol/mo...
In emergency decision-making for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) CO2 pipeline leakage, risk levels and warning distances/impact ranges are often derived from different methodological systems—risk-matrix scoring versus mechanisti...
In this paper, we obtain new exact solutions for the unidirectional non-isothermal flow of a second grade fluid in a plane channel with impermeable solid walls, taking into account the fluid energy dissipation (mechanical-to-thermal energy conversion...
As an important ecological barrier and animal husbandry resource base in arid and semi-arid areas, grassland degradation directly affects regional ecological security and sustainable development. Ili Prefecture is located in the western part of Xinji...
Introduction: Effort intolerance along with a prolonged recovery from exercise and post-exertional exacerbation of symptoms are characteristic features of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). The gold standard to measure the d...
The traditional advancing front technique algorithm encounters many problems due to the complex geometric characteristics of the front edge shape. These problems include poor quality, a slow algorithm, low robustness, and the inability of the mesh un...
Road surface condition monitoring is critical for ensuring safe and efficient transportation networks. This study proposes and evaluates a framework that compares imagery-, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and accelerometer-based approaches for p...
Background/Objectives: To derive computed tomography (CT) attenuation thresholds for grading hepatic steatosis and evaluate their agreement with ultrasonography (US) in adults with overweight or obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic...
Background: We examined the acute effect of a red spinach extract (RSE) (1000 mg dose; ~90 mg nitrate (NO
Public generative artificial intelligence (GenAI)–student datasets invite contested links between AI intensity, usage style, and grades, yet many analyses treat predictive accuracy or significant coefficients as sufficient evidence while skippi...
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important grain crops in the world. Drought caused by climate change in recent years may greatly threaten water supply and crop production, even if the drought only lasts for a few days or weeks. Therefore, effe...
Background: Bladder cancer exhibits substantial heterogeneity, and accurate discrimination between non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive disease (MIBC), as well as between low-grade (LG) and high-grade (HG) tumors, remains essential for app...
Background: The relationship between routine inflammatory biomarkers and EEG severity in critically ill children, evaluated using visual (Synek) grading and spectral qEEG, remains unclear. The aim of our study was to examine the associations between...
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for rubric-based assessment, yet reliability is limited by instability, bias, and weak diagnostics. We present EvalCouncil, a committee-and-chief framework for rubric-guided grading with auditable tr...
In the supply chain financing (SCF) system composed of a capital-constrained retailer, a supplier and a commercial bank, we design two different limited financing modes (internal financing and external financing) based on the retailer’s collate...
In current evaluations of intelligent system capabilities, there is a problem with the difficulty of unifying quantitative scoring results with qualitative grading standards, which severely limits cross-platform and cross-task intelligent comparisons...
Water scarcity necessitates the recycling of process water within mineral processing practices. This may however come with its disadvantages for unit operations such as froth flotation as this process is water intensive and sensitive to water chemist...
While the dominant finding indicates a monotonic relationship between cognitive ability and academic performance, some researchers have suggested the existence of cognitive thresholds for challenging coursework, such that a certain level of cognitive...
Recently developed graded photonic super-crystals show an enhanced light absorption and light extraction efficiency if they are integrated with a solar cell and an organic light emitting device, respectively. In this paper, we present the holographic...
Determining prerequisite requirements is vital for successful curriculum development and student on-schedule completion of the course of study. This study adapts the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine a threshold grad...
Background: During the last decade, cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was a current research focus without a standardized classification in digital subtraction angiography (DSA). This study was performed to investigate...
We evaluated the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) of afatinib required to avoid the onset of grade 2 or higher diarrhea. The C0 and AUC0–24 of afatinib were significant higher in patients with grade 2 diarrhea than in those with g...
The long-term safety of rockfill dams is critically dependent on the quality of the filling material. Therefore, it is essential to predict the blasting grading distribution scientifically and accurately. This paper proposes an engineering-scale nume...
The development of the Internet of Things has led to great development of data sharing and data interaction, which has made security and privacy more and more a concern for users. How to ensure the safe sharing of data, avoid the leakage of sensitive...
Background/Objectives: This study examined annual probabilistic network structures among dietary habits, health-related attitudes, lifestyle behaviors, and body mass index (BMI) during implementation of the PETICA school-based program. Methods: This...
We have previously characterized the reproducibility of brain tumor relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) using a dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging digital reference object across 12 sites using a range of imaging protocols a...
The acoustic emission and wave velocity characteristics of metasandstone under graded cyclic loading and unloading were revealed by conducting graded cyclic loading and unloading tests. The results show that the acoustic emission signals of metasands...
Reliable evaluation of large language models (LLMs) for educational use requires benchmarks that reflect exam constraints, instructor grading practices, and the operational consequences of thresholded decisions. This paper introduces ExamQ-Gen, an in...
Background and objectives: Non-motor symptoms in the form of increased sensitivity are often associated with the onset of idiopathic Bell’s palsy (IBP). The aims were to determine whether the pain threshold in the retroauricular regions (RAR) in IBP...
The failure of traditional drought indices to capture the dynamic supply–demand imbalance in socio-hydrological systems hinders proactive water management and necessitates novel assessment frameworks. The reservoir drought warning water level,...
In a fifth generation (5G) vehicular network architecture, several point of access (PoA) types, including both road side units (RSUs) and aerial relay nodes (ARNs), can be leveraged to undertake the service of an increasing number of vehicular users....
This exploratory study aimed to compare the determination of metabolic thresholds using muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) and gas exchange data during graded exercise testing in individuals with spinal cord injury. Nine participants (six males, three f...
30 September 2025
Background: This study aimed to establish the test-retest reliability of a VO₂-derived running-speed threshold (RSVO₂) in trained men. Methods: Fourteen aerobically trained males (20.6 ± 1.9 y; 69.4 ± 10.2 kg; 176.1 ± 7.1 cm; VO₂peak 50.5 ± 7.8 mL·k...
Background: Hypoxia-regulated proteins (HIF-1α and GLUT-1) have been identified as prognostic markers in various cancers; however, their role in endometrial cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate HIF-1α and GLUT-1 expression...
Tall wheatgrass (Elytrigia elongata) has the potential to be utilized on marginal land, such as coastal saline-alkaline soils, to meet rising ruminant feed demand. However, the salinity threshold for cultivation of tall wheatgrass remains unclear, wh...
Spatial equality of medical services refers to equal access to medical services in all regions. Currently, research on medical facility planning focuses mainly on efficiency, and less on methods for achieving medical facility access equality. In this...
In the FIGHTDIGO study, digestive cancer patients with dynapenia experienced more chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicities. FIGHTDIGOTOX aimed to evaluate the relationship between pre-therapeutic handgrip strength (HGS) and chemotherapy-induced dose-limi...
Background/Objectives: Male pattern baldness (MPB) is a complex polygenic trait influenced by genetic and non-genetic factors, with susceptibility loci on both autosomal and X chromosomes. This study aimed to develop an exploratory genetic model for...
Meningiomas are the most frequent central nervous system tumors in adults. The majority of these tumors are benign. Nevertheless, the intraoperative identification of meningioma grade is important for modifying surgical strategy in order to reduce po...
Large language models (LLMs) show promise for grading open-ended assessments but still exhibit inconsistent accuracy, systematic biases, and limited reliability across assignments. To address these concerns, we introduce SURE (Selective Uncertainty-b...
Background: Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after gross-total resection of World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 meningioma remains an individualized decision in the absence of definitive randomized evidence. We aimed to identify the clinical, radiologi...
Background: The objective was to assess the association between early HbA1c levels and pregnancy complications and whether this relationship is affected when HbA1c thresholds are greater than or less than 39 mmol/mol (5.7%). Methods: Electronic searc...
This study investigates the mechanical performance of resistance spot-welded titanium lap joints made of Grade 1 and Grade 5 alloys. Experimental tests were combined with artificial neural network modeling to predict joint load-bearing capacity based...
Background and objective: The aim of this study was to explore the association of cerebrovascular autoregulation (CA) and optimal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) managing conditions with the outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients includin...
Background and Objectives: Textbook outcome (TO) is increasingly used as a composite quality metric in gastric cancer surgery, but different TO frameworks can classify the same patient differently. This study compared surgical and perioperative compo...
In this study, DOL of structural timber and the clear wood and DOL of modulus of elasticity of wood were investigated. The dimension lumber of Spruce-Pine-Fir of Grade No. 2 and Grade No. 3 and the small clear specimens of the same species of the dim...
Accurately defining glioma infiltration is crucial for optimizing radiotherapy and surgery, but glioma infiltration is heterogeneous and MRI imperfectly defines the tumor extent. Currently, it is impossible to determine the tumor infiltration gradien...
Background/Objectives: Penile cancer carries a disproportionate burden of stigma and delayed presentation, with affected men increasingly turning to artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots as an anonymous information source. This study evaluated the qu...
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