Safety

17 pages, 1640 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Occupational Risk Analysis in the Bituminous Emulsion Transport and Spreading Process: A Case Study Applied in a Company in Romania

by Adriana Milea (Pârvu) and Lucian-Ionel Cioca

Safety 2025, 11(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020046 - 16 May 2025

Abstract

This paper analyzes the occupational risks associated with the activities of transporting and spreading bituminous emulsion, focusing on a specific technological process used in a company in Romania. This study aims to identify risk factors, systematically evaluate them, and propose preventive measures aimed [...] Read more.

This paper analyzes the occupational risks associated with the activities of transporting and spreading bituminous emulsion, focusing on a specific technological process used in a company in Romania. This study aims to identify risk factors, systematically evaluate them, and propose preventive measures aimed at reducing occupational accidents and diseases. The main hazards identified include exposure to hazardous chemicals, mechanical risks generated by the equipment used, and ergonomic factors that may affect workers’ health. Given the specificity of the activity analyzed, there is currently a lack of relevant studies specifically addressing the occupational safety and health of this category of workers, which further highlights the novelty and importance of the present research. Based on the results obtained, recommendations are formulated for optimizing work conditions, including the use of appropriate protective equipment, improving operational procedures, and implementing effective technical and organizational measures. This study contributes to the development of a solid preventive framework in the field of transporting and applying bituminous emulsion, thus supporting the improvement of occupational safety and health in the road construction industry. The results obtained can be used to develop more effective policies in the field of occupational safety and to raise awareness among decision-makers about the need for proactive measures in preventing occupational risks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safety Performance Assessment and Management in Construction)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2137 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanisms and Driving Forces of Safety Culture Co-Creation in the Forest Industry

by Alina Linden, Henrik Barth, Pia Ulvenblad, Elin Karlsson and Rom Rwamamara

Safety 2025, 11(2), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020045 - 14 May 2025

Abstract

The forest industry is one of the most dangerous workplaces worldwide, and although safety culture is recognized as important safety antecedent, there is still a theoretical and practical need for understanding how safety culture is co-created in the forest industry. To fill this [...] Read more.

The forest industry is one of the most dangerous workplaces worldwide, and although safety culture is recognized as important safety antecedent, there is still a theoretical and practical need for understanding how safety culture is co-created in the forest industry. To fill this gap, this article has the purpose of exploring mechanisms and driving forces of safety culture co-creation within the Swedish forest industry. Data is collected via on-site focus group interviews with 136 employees of a Swedish pulp- and paper factory. Data is analysed via thematic analysis. Results show that communication and engagement, safety training and knowledge sharing, reporting and risk management as well as integration of safety in daily operations are central safety culture co-creation mechanisms. Driving forces of safety culture co-creation driving forces are leadership commitment to safety, employee responsibility and collaboration, a continuous improvement mindset and work environment and psychosocial wellbeing. Central safety culture co-creation mechanisms and driving forces are identified in communication and interaction that span all individuals, teams, departments, organizational entities and hierarchical levels as basis for successful, sustainable and holistic safety culture co-creation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safety and Risk Management in Process Industries)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 2509 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Occupational Health and Safety Management: Implications for Corporate Performance in the Secondary Sector

by Stavroula (Vivi) Mixafenti, Antonia Moutzouri, Aristi Karagkouni, Maria Sartzetaki and Dimitrios Dimitriou

Safety 2025, 11(2), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020044 - 13 May 2025

Abstract

Management of occupational health and safety (OHS) plays a critical role in building safe and effective working environments, especially in industries defined by dangerous operations like manufacturing. Secondary industries are characterized by their use of dangerous materials, complex machinery, and repetitive manual work, [...] Read more.

Management of occupational health and safety (OHS) plays a critical role in building safe and effective working environments, especially in industries defined by dangerous operations like manufacturing. Secondary industries are characterized by their use of dangerous materials, complex machinery, and repetitive manual work, prompting the need for stringent OHS laws to protect employees and support business sustainability. Although extensive regulatory materials like ISO 45001 and EU Directive 89/391/EEC exist, the implementation of OHS standards varies among organizations significantly. While larger organizations adopt structured frameworks of safety management, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are often confronted by economic and technical constraints. As a result, policies only appear on paper, and their attitude toward occupational safety is passive. Employing a structured survey analysis, this study evaluates the level at which manufacturing companies in Macedonia-Thrace, a region in Northern Greece, implement OHS actions, the barriers that face them, and how OHS programs influence business performance. Based on the findings, companies that apply proactive OHS practices achieve more productivity, increased staff retention, and lower costs due to accidents, while SMEs often find it difficult to undertake comprehensive policies. The research further identifies the impact of electronic technology, regulation, and leadership on enhancing OHS performance. This study provides evidence-based recommendations on policy changes through the exploration of regionalized patterns of adoption of OHS practices by industrial companies and key policy intervention areas. By eliminating underlying structural loopholes in the implementation of OHS, this paper provides research-backed policy solutions aimed at enhancing work safety and improving corporate performance in the secondary industry. The reinforcement of OHS measures not only reduces hazards at the workplace but also improves the resilience of business, its competitiveness, and conformity to regulations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Occupational Health and Safety in A Changing World: Realities, Challenges and Perspectives)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 2188 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Verification of the Effectiveness of Risk Communication Materials Using Natural Radiation Levels as a Reference Standard: Results from a Survey of First-Year Health Department Students

by Hiromi Kudo, Masahiro Hosoda, Yasutaka Omori, Kazutaka Tanaka, Minoru Osanai, Takashi Ohba, Isamu Amir, Masaharu Tsubokura and Shinji Tokonami

Safety 2025, 11(2), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020043 - 9 May 2025

Abstract

Even before the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, people were continuously exposed to various naturally occurring radioactive materials, including radon. However, public awareness and understanding of this exposure remain limited. When communicating the risks of radiation exposure from the Fukushima accident, explanatory [...] Read more.

Even before the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, people were continuously exposed to various naturally occurring radioactive materials, including radon. However, public awareness and understanding of this exposure remain limited. When communicating the risks of radiation exposure from the Fukushima accident, explanatory materials have not typically incorporated data from coastal areas of Fukushima Prefecture collected after the incident to clarify the actual levels of artificial and natural radiation exposure. This study aimed to assess whether presenting radiation dose data from coastal areas of Fukushima Prefecture—using natural radiation as a reference point—could influence risk perception regarding the health effects of radiation exposure and its potential impact on future generations. The study focused on students enrolled in health science-related departments at Hirosaki University. Before being presented with the data, the students had limited understanding of radiation. However, after reviewing the explanatory materials, 89 students (48.4%) demonstrated an improved understanding of its potential impact on future generations, while 87 students (47.3%) showed increased awareness of the effects on their own health. Regarding the reduction in risk perception, many students attributed it to the fact that radiation levels 10 years after the Fukushima nuclear accident were not significantly different from natural background radiation in most areas. These findings suggest that providing actual radiation measurement data from affected areas can significantly influence risk perception and decision-making processes. The results indicate that participants became more aware of the presence of natural background radiation, and the comparison with current radiation levels in Fukushima played a key role in shaping their risk perception. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 12792 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Testbed for Nondestructive Analysis of Curtain Airbags in Child Safety Applications

by Isaac Lopez-Alvarez, Christopher René Torres-SanMiguel, Ivan Lenin Cruz-Jaramillo, Juan Alejandro Flores-Campos and Ilse Cervantes

Safety 2025, 11(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020042 - 8 May 2025

Abstract

Side impacts tend to produce more severe injuries than frontal collisions, particularly for vulnerable occupants such as children. Despite this, there is a limited number of studies and developments focused on side impact protection systems, and existing airbag evaluations often rely on destructive [...] Read more.

Side impacts tend to produce more severe injuries than frontal collisions, particularly for vulnerable occupants such as children. Despite this, there is a limited number of studies and developments focused on side impact protection systems, and existing airbag evaluations often rely on destructive and high-cost test methods. This study introduces a novel, cost-effective, and nondestructive experimental testbed designed to evaluate curtain airbags for vehicles in segments B, C, D, and E. The main objective is to develop an adjustable mechanical structure that replicates the side frame geometry of multiple vehicles, allowing the mounting and evaluation of various curtain airbags under realistic conditions. The prototype, capable of withstanding deployment forces of up to 7000 N, was tested with a 3-year-old child dummy, recording a peak head acceleration of 136.17 g, corresponding to AIS level 2. Deployment speeds reached 7.77 m/s, with inflation times between 29 and 36 ms—values that fall within the range reported in previous experimental and numerical studies. The testbed demonstrated consistency in its performance metrics and offers a valuable tool for enhancing child occupant safety in side impacts. Furthermore, it provides a measurable Head Injury Criterion (HIC) range that can be used to interpret injury severity in child occupants. This work contributes significantly to the development of flexible and safe testing methodologies for side airbag systems, reducing the reliance on full-scale crash testing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Safe System Approach to Road Safety)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

44 pages, 1732 KiB

Open AccessArticle

From Inception to Innovation: A Comprehensive Review and Bibliometric Analysis of IoT-Enabled Fire Safety Systems

by Ali Abdullah S. AlQahtani, Mohammed Sulaiman, Thamraa Alshayeb and Hosam Alamleh

Safety 2025, 11(2), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020041 - 8 May 2025

Abstract

This paper offers an in-depth analysis of the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) in fire safety systems, with a particular emphasis on fire detection, localization, and evacuation. Through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, we identify pivotal research trends and advancements in IoT-based [...] Read more.

This paper offers an in-depth analysis of the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) in fire safety systems, with a particular emphasis on fire detection, localization, and evacuation. Through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, we identify pivotal research trends and advancements in IoT-based sensors, devices, and network architectures that facilitate real-time fire management. In addition, we examine the integration of emerging technologies—such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and quantum computing—that enhance system performance and operational efficiency. Our study further highlights critical challenges and research gaps, including issues related to dynamic system adaptability, cross-domain synergies, bio-inspired fire safety mechanisms, post-fire analysis capabilities, linguistic and cultural barriers in research, and data security and privacy concerns. Finally, we outline prospective directions for future inquiry, underscoring the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and robust cybersecurity strategies to fully harness the potential of IoT in transforming fire safety. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3014 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Leveraging Bird Eye View Video and Multimodal Large Language Models for Real-Time Intersection Control and Reasoning

by Sari Masri, Huthaifa I. Ashqar and Mohammed Elhenawy

Safety 2025, 11(2), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020040 - 7 May 2025

Abstract

Managing traffic flow through urban intersections is challenging. Conflicts involving a mix of different vehicles with blind spots makes it relatively vulnerable for crashes to happen. This paper presents a new framework based on a fine-tuned Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM), GPT-4o, that [...] Read more.

Managing traffic flow through urban intersections is challenging. Conflicts involving a mix of different vehicles with blind spots makes it relatively vulnerable for crashes to happen. This paper presents a new framework based on a fine-tuned Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM), GPT-4o, that can control intersections using bird eye view videos taken by drones in real-time. This fine-tuned GPT-4o model is used to logically and visually reason traffic conflicts and provide instructions to the drivers, which aids in creating a safer and more efficient traffic flow. To fine-tune and evaluate the model, we labeled a dataset that includes three-month drone videos, and their corresponding trajectories recorded in Dresden, Germany, at a 4-way intersection. Preliminary results showed that the fine-tuned GPT-4o achieved an accuracy of about 77%, outperforming zero-shot baselines. However, using continuous video-frame sequences, the model performance increased to about 89% on a time serialized dataset and about 90% on an unbalanced real-world dataset, respectively. This proves the model’s robustness in different conditions. Furthermore, manual evaluation by experts includes scoring the usefulness of the predicted explanations and recommendations by the model. The model surpassed on average rating of 8.99 out of 10 for explanations, and 9.23 out of 10 for recommendations. The results demonstrate the advantages of combining MLLMs with structured prompts and temporal information for conflict detection. These results offer a flexible and robust prototype framework to improve the safety and effectiveness of uncontrolled intersections. The code and labeled dataset used in this study are publicly available (see Data Availability Statement). Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 284 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Navigating Occupational Hazards: Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Slaughterhouse Workers in Brazil

by Vando Aparecido Monteiro, Hercules Jose Marzoque, Marcelo Linon Batista, Maria do Carmo Baracho de Alencar, Lilian Dias Pereira and Irenilza de Alencar Nääs

Safety 2025, 11(2), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020039 - 28 Apr 2025

Abstract

(1) Background: The meatpacking industry in Brazil is vital for economic growth. It poses significant occupational health risks, particularly Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). The present study analyzes the profile of slaughterhouse workers based on the governmental notification database. (2) Methods: The socio-demographic dataset [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The meatpacking industry in Brazil is vital for economic growth. It poses significant occupational health risks, particularly Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). The present study analyzes the profile of slaughterhouse workers based on the governmental notification database. (2) Methods: The socio-demographic dataset (n = 820) was filled with worker data, and health profiles reported Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI) and WMSDs from 2007 to 2019, available online by the Brazilian Health Service. The dataset was analyzed to identify patterns of injuries and contributing factors. Descriptive statistics outlined worker characteristics, while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) explored associations between variables. (3) Results: The results revealed that 51.34% of workers were male, with most aged 30–45. Repetitive movements were reported by 89.63% of respondents, while 78.90% worked shifts exceeding six hours. Soft tissue disorders were the most prevalent diagnosis (40.97%). The majority (53.17%) experienced temporary disabilities, and 5.73% had permanent impairments. Key risk factors included inadequate breaks, stressful environments, and limited ergonomic adaptations. This study highlights the critical need for preventative measures, such as ergonomic interventions, adequate rest breaks, and employee education, to mitigate WMSDs. Future research should include ergonomic evaluations and consider broader organizational variables to enhance slaughterhouse occupational health and safety. Addressing these challenges is essential for improving worker welfare and maintaining industry productivity. Full article

12 pages, 1916 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Correlational Analysis with Regards to the Causes of Chemical Intoxication Due to Pesticides Among Farmers in Bogotá, Colombia: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

by Mayra Daniela Maldonado, Katherine Montaña-Oviedo, Diana M. Ballén, Juan de Dios Villegas and Alejandro Botero Carvajal

Safety 2025, 11(2), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020038 - 24 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: Farmers are continuously exposed to pesticides during crop production, which can lead to both acute and chronic poisoning. This exposure poses a significant global public health concern. In response, this study aims to achieve two primary objectives: (1) to identify the correlation [...] Read more.

Background: Farmers are continuously exposed to pesticides during crop production, which can lead to both acute and chronic poisoning. This exposure poses a significant global public health concern. In response, this study aims to achieve two primary objectives: (1) to identify the correlation between pesticide intoxication cases among farmers and their potential causes and (2) to assess the relationship between risk–control measures, hygiene practices, and resulting health effects. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional mixed-methods observational design, sampling 112 farmers from Bogotá’s rural areas. Data were analyzed using logistic regression in R (version 4.2.1), examining eight associated variables. Results: The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) ranged from approximately 62% to 92%. Additionally, 82% of participants reported changing their workwear and 76% practiced bodily hygiene after exposure. Nevertheless, health complaints persisted—particularly affecting vision (46%), the respiratory system (38%), and the skin (32%). Notably, two out of every three farmers reported experiencing some form of systemic illness associated with pesticide exposure. Conclusion: A strong association was observed between the use of facemasks and changing workwear and the prevention of pesticide-related intoxication. These practices appear to be key in reducing chemical exposure during fumigation activities. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3244 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing and Visualizing Pilot Performance in Traffic Patterns: A Composite Score Approach

by Quentin Chenot, Florine Riedinger, Frédéric Dehais and Sébastien Scannella

Safety 2025, 11(2), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020037 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Objective measurement of pilot performance has long been a research challenge. This study introduces a new composite score that combines various flight metrics, along with its visual representation through an online application. Thirty general aviation pilots completed flight simulator scenarios under different Flight [...] Read more.

Objective measurement of pilot performance has long been a research challenge. This study introduces a new composite score that combines various flight metrics, along with its visual representation through an online application. Thirty general aviation pilots completed flight simulator scenarios under different Flight Rules (VFR: Visual Flight Rules vs. IFR: Instrument Flight Rules) and difficulty levels (Low vs. High). Workload was assessed using subjective and objective indicators. The composite score was developed using flight parameter compliance, approach stability, and landing quality. Workload indicators confirmed the scenario difficulties, showing significant increases under IFR compared to VFR and in High vs. Low difficulty conditions. As predicted by multiple resources theory, the composite score correlated negatively with workload, particularly in IFR conditions, demonstrating its effectiveness in assessing pilot performance. In a follow-up questionnaire, pilots rated the online application positively, highlighting its usefulness in understanding their performance and recognizing its potential for pilot training. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2533 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Micromobility Users’ Knowledge of Regulations: Valencia (Spain) Case Study

by Alejandra Sofía Fonseca-Cabrera, David Llopis-Castelló, Ana María Pérez-Zuriaga and Alfredo García

Safety 2025, 11(2), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020036 - 14 Apr 2025

Abstract

Micromobility is a current and growing integrated transport mode that has its own regulations and requirements for riding. In this context, bicycle usage has been regulated years before. However, the coexistence with new micromobility vehicles, such as e-scooters, has generated the necessity of [...] Read more.

Micromobility is a current and growing integrated transport mode that has its own regulations and requirements for riding. In this context, bicycle usage has been regulated years before. However, the coexistence with new micromobility vehicles, such as e-scooters, has generated the necessity of the development of additional regulatory frameworks. Administrators and technicians have been working for the last 7 years on this aspect. However, a proper evaluation from the user perspective has not been carried out. Thus, there is a need to identify whether micromobility users are aware of the regulations that they must comply with. This research has analyzed the users’ knowledge through a survey, a transport-typical data collection method, but used implicitly as an evaluation, where a score was obtained per user. As a result, the average score obtained was 4.5, reflecting an insufficient qualification. Additionally, statistically significant differences were found between the average score obtained between cyclists and personal mobility vehicle (PMV) users, as well as mean differences between age, micromobility vehicle, ownership, and holding a driver’s license. In conclusion, a new gap has been found in relation to micromobility users’ behavior that has to be addressed. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 640 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of Toolbox Talks as a Workplace Safety Intervention in the United States: A Scoping Review

by Gregory D. Kearney, Jamie Hisel and John A. Staley

Safety 2025, 11(2), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020035 - 14 Apr 2025

Abstract

Toolbox Talks are widely adopted and valued by supervisors and safety managers as a core component of occupational safety and health training, yet their effectiveness as an intervention has not been systematically evaluated in the peer-reviewed literature. Persistently high rates of occupational fatalities [...] Read more.

Toolbox Talks are widely adopted and valued by supervisors and safety managers as a core component of occupational safety and health training, yet their effectiveness as an intervention has not been systematically evaluated in the peer-reviewed literature. Persistently high rates of occupational fatalities and injuries, particularly among high-risk industries, compounded by an increasingly diverse workforce, involving linguistic diversity, high turnover, and mobile job sites, highlight the urgent need for evidence-based approaches to safety training. This scoping review addresses this gap by examining the effectiveness of Toolbox Talks as an occupational safety intervention through three guiding questions focused on their reported impact, implementation challenges, and the best practices and delivery methods that enhance their effectiveness. The Adult Learning Theory served as the framework to assess evidence-based studies. Four bibliographic databases were used to search for studies published between 2000 and 2024. Data were charted based on effectiveness, measured as outcomes, and categorized as any combination of safety knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, behavior, or health outcomes. Unforeseen challenges and recommended best practices were gleaned from each study to provide additional insight. A total of fourteen (14) studies met our inclusion criteria, with the majority centered on construction workplaces (n = 10). Reported effectiveness outcome measures were positive across all studies, with notable improvements in workers’ safety knowledge. Training challenges encountered included worker disengagement, language diversity, and production pressures. Recommended best practices for increasing Toolbox Talk training effectiveness included conducting regularly scheduled training, engaging workers, training supervisors, and providing culturally appropriate and tailored materials. While Toolbox Talks demonstrate significant potential to enhance workplace safety, their effectiveness is hinged on the quality of content and delivery methods, particularly when aligned with adult learning principles that emphasize relevance, engagement, and experimental learning. Future research should explore how emerging technologies, such as e-learning platforms, combined with cultural inclusive approaches and long-term impact assessments, can optimize the design and implementation of Toolbox Talks across diverse occupational settings. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure A1

22 pages, 5036 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Occupational Health and Safety Management System of a South African University Setting

by Ntombenhle Mtikitiki, Benett Siyabonga Madonsela, Thabang Maphanga, Karabo Shale, Xolisiwe Sinalo Grangxabe and Tshidi Mokgatsane Baloyi

Safety 2025, 11(2), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020034 - 10 Apr 2025

Abstract

The quality of education is significantly influenced by occupational health and safety (OHS) measures. To this end, a safety incident at a university could have far-reaching negative effects on facilitating teaching and learning for both lecturers and students. Although OHS standards are widely [...] Read more.

The quality of education is significantly influenced by occupational health and safety (OHS) measures. To this end, a safety incident at a university could have far-reaching negative effects on facilitating teaching and learning for both lecturers and students. Although OHS standards are widely established in numerous industries, they are often overlooked in the academic setting. It is for this reason that, to date, research gap exists in OHS systems in academic settings. While universities primarily focus on education, they also pose significant health and safety risks to staff and students due to their design and setup. Effective implementation of an occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) within universities can mitigate these risks. However, there is a notable lack of research focusing on the efficiency of OHSMS in South African universities. This study, therefore, aimed to fill this gap by assessing the efficiency of the OHSMS at a South African university. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis qualitative research methods. Data analysis was carried out using the thematic analysis approach. Inductive logic was used in the interpretation of the current study results. This study highlights that while there is strong awareness of the OHS Act 85 of 1993 (>90%) among university staff, significant gaps exist in the communication and enforcement (5%) of OHS policy, alongside the poor communication of hazards and risks (30%). Amongst other challenges are infrastructure maintenance (>35%), as well as the lack of standard operation procedures (>5%). To address some of these setbacks, the current study recommends enhancing policy communication, conducting regular hazard assessments, increasing training participation, and improving documentation practices. These steps aim to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the university’s OHSMS, ensuring a safer environment for all stakeholders. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 4556 KiB

Open AccessReview

Trends in Safety Culture Research: A Scopus Analysis

by Al-Baraa Abdulrahman Al-Mekhlafi, Noreen Kanwal, Mohammed Nasser Alhajj, Ahmad Shahrul Nizam Isha and Abdullah O. Baarimah

Safety 2025, 11(2), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020033 - 7 Apr 2025

Abstract

Safety culture plays a vital role in creating safer work environments, making its understanding important. This paper comprehensively analyzes safety culture research trends through a bibliometric study using the Scopus database. This study provided a full insight by analyzing 7058 papers published between [...] Read more.

Safety culture plays a vital role in creating safer work environments, making its understanding important. This paper comprehensively analyzes safety culture research trends through a bibliometric study using the Scopus database. This study provided a full insight by analyzing 7058 papers published between 1978 and 2023, employing the PRISMA method and VOSviewer 1.6.19 for bibliometric mapping. The USA, England, China, and Australia are the leading contributors, with Johns Hopkins University being the most active institution. Approximately 75% of publications are co-authored, indicating strong collaboration in this field. Guldenmund (2000) is the most referenced work in safety culture research. Based on the results, this work identifies significant geographical gaps, particularly in Oceania, South America, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Africa, as well as underexplored sectors such as transportation, logistics, energy, sports, education, and construction. The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted research in this area, particularly healthcare, while potentially diverting attention from other critical sectors. This study contributes a fresh perspective on the trends of safety culture research, offering valuable insights for scholars and practitioners. Additionally, it highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing the unique challenges faced by safety culture across diverse industries and regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safety and Risk Management in Process Industries)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trends in Bicycle Accidents and Injury Analysis in Poland: Insights from 2016 to 2023

by Sebastian Glowinski, Szymon Rzepczyk and Maciej Obst

Safety 2025, 11(2), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020032 - 2 Apr 2025

Abstract

Bicycle safety remains a critical concern as cycling gains popularity, especially in urban areas where traffic conditions pose significant risks. The increasing presence of bicycles and derivatives of them further complicates traffic dynamics, raising the potential for accidents and injuries. This study examines [...] Read more.

Bicycle safety remains a critical concern as cycling gains popularity, especially in urban areas where traffic conditions pose significant risks. The increasing presence of bicycles and derivatives of them further complicates traffic dynamics, raising the potential for accidents and injuries. This study examines bicycle accident trends in Poland from 2016 to 2023 using data provided by the Polish Police, supplemented with medical insights on injury mechanisms. The analysis highlights key patterns, such as the higher incidence of accidents during summer, fewer accidents on weekends compared to weekdays, and the disproportionate fatality rate among cyclists over 60. Failure to yield the right of way emerges as a leading cause of accidents. These findings underscore the need for a multifaceted approach to improving cyclist safety, including infrastructural enhancements, public education, stricter enforcement of traffic laws, and advancements in medical response and protective gear. Addressing these factors can contribute to a safer environment that supports the continued growth of sustainable and active transportation. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

30 pages, 3827 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Approaches for Mitigating Occupational Vibration Exposure in the Context of Industry 4.0

by Doru Costin Darabont, Lucian-Ionel Cioca and Daniel Onut Badea

Safety 2025, 11(2), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020031 - 1 Apr 2025

Abstract

Whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure presents occupational health risks across multiple industries, particularly in tasks involving heavy machinery and prolonged seating. This study examines WBV risk factors, intervention strategies, and the potential for digital monitoring solutions to strengthen workplace safety. A sector-wide analysis assessed [...] Read more.

Whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure presents occupational health risks across multiple industries, particularly in tasks involving heavy machinery and prolonged seating. This study examines WBV risk factors, intervention strategies, and the potential for digital monitoring solutions to strengthen workplace safety. A sector-wide analysis assessed vibration exposure levels, worker-reported discomfort, and the effectiveness of the existing control measures. The study introduces a conceptual framework for a mobile application designed to integrate real-time exposure tracking, structured worker feedback, and predictive risk assessment. The findings confirm that WBV exposure varies across industries, with the energy and maritime logistics sectors showing the highest levels of noncompliance. A tiered intervention strategy, classified by impact and effort, provides a structured method for prioritizing risk reduction measures. Immediate actions, such as real-time monitoring and preventive maintenance, require minimal effort but provide high-impact benefits, while long-term strategies, including ergonomic workstation redesign, demand greater investment but contribute to sustained exposure reduction. The proposed framework offers a scalable, data-driven approach to WBV risk management, transitioning workplace safety from compliance-based monitoring to proactive prevention. Future research should explore implementation feasibility, worker adoption, and the integration of AI-driven safety recommendations to support continuous improvements in workplace safety strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational Safety Challenges in the Context of Industry 4.0)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1804 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Occupational Risks in a Brazilian Aluminum Forming Industry: Risk Analysis and Work Environment

by Maressa Fontana Mezoni, Antonio Augusto de Paula Xavier, Sheila Regina Oro, Sergio Luiz Ribas Pessa, Maiquiel Schmidt de Oliveira and Vilmar Steffen

Safety 2025, 11(2), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020030 - 30 Mar 2025

Abstract

Data on work accidents reflect the incidence of harm to workers’ health and occupational diseases, supported by studies that indicate the influence of length of service on service, age, and dominant skills as contributing factors to occupational accidents. This study aimed to assess [...] Read more.

Data on work accidents reflect the incidence of harm to workers’ health and occupational diseases, supported by studies that indicate the influence of length of service on service, age, and dominant skills as contributing factors to occupational accidents. This study aimed to assess whether the working environment conditions were favorable to workers and to determine whether gender, age, and length of service influenced the occurrence of work-related accidents. The goal was to identify and mitigate risk factors to improve worker health. Descriptive statistics techniques, including Pearson correlation, Analysis of Variance, the Tukey’s test, and Cluster Analysis were applied. Additionally, a categorical variable analysis (survey) was conducted to assess the work environment, alongside postural analysis using the OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System) method. The results revealed noise levels exceeding recommended limits in almost all investigated sectors, as well as inadequate illuminance and temperature conditions on the production line. The clustering analysis identified three distinct groups. Group 1: Individuals aged 18 to 27 with little experience in the activity, of whom 42% reported pain or discomfort. Group 2: Older operators with 62% experiencing pain or discomfort. Group 3: Young male workers with experience in the role, a higher incident of work accidents, and alcohol consumption up to three times a week, of whom 50% reported pain or discomfort. Statistical inference allowed the identification of process deficiencies and a detailed analysis of work-related pain through self-perceived diagnosis, enabling corrective actions to similar processes and contributing to existing research. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1572 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Factors Affecting Safety Behaviors and Safety Performance in the Manufacturing Sector: Job Demands-Resources Approach

by Hyun Jeong Seo, Seung-Yoon Rhee and Nam Kyun Kim

Safety 2025, 11(2), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11020029 - 24 Mar 2025

Abstract

(1) Background: The dynamic nature of workplaces highlights the urgent need for effective strategies to promote a safe working environment and enhance workers’ well-being. These strategies must address both organizational safety performance and individual safety behaviors. (2) Methods: This study employed the job [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The dynamic nature of workplaces highlights the urgent need for effective strategies to promote a safe working environment and enhance workers’ well-being. These strategies must address both organizational safety performance and individual safety behaviors. (2) Methods: This study employed the job demands-resources (JD-R) model to examine the impact of workplace factors on safety behaviors and organizational safety performance among 3255 manufacturing companies. The data utilized in this study originate from the 10th Occupational Safety and Health Status Survey by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (KOSHA). (3) Results: Occupational stressors involving physical and psychological risks (job demand) significantly reduced employees’ adherence to safety practices while increasing workplace diseases and accidents. Conversely, when job resources were effectively mobilized to bolster individual resources, safety behaviors improved, and the incidence of workplace diseases and accidents decreased. Middle managers’ safety competency emerged as a critical moderating factor in these relationships, amplifying the positive impact of job resources. (4) Conclusions: The results highlight the necessity of managing physical and emotional hazards while enhancing middle managers’ abilities to promote workplace safety. A multidimensional approach is essential for preventing workplace accidents and improving safety outcomes. Implementing a comprehensive stress management system is particularly vital to safeguarding workers in the manufacturing industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational Health and Safety (OHS): Emerging Trends and Future Directions)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 2173 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship Between Safety Climate and Safety Performance in the Large-Scale Building Construction Industry in Ethiopia: A Structural Equation Model Using the NOSACQ-50 Tool

by Teferi Abegaz, Wakgari Deressa and Bente Elisabeth Moen

Safety 2025, 11(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11010028 - 12 Mar 2025

Cited by 1

Abstract

A cross-sectional study of safety climate and safety performance was performed in Ethiopian construction sites, among 1203 workers from 22 large-scale construction sites. The Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire was administered using interviews. We developed a model to show the interrelations between safety climate [...] Read more.

A cross-sectional study of safety climate and safety performance was performed in Ethiopian construction sites, among 1203 workers from 22 large-scale construction sites. The Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire was administered using interviews. We developed a model to show the interrelations between safety climate and performance. This model was examined using factor analysis. Low scores for all seven safety climate dimensions were found, with values ranging from 2.33 to 3.08 and a mean of 2.70. Similarly, the mean score of the safety performance construct was 2.95 for safety participation and 3.58 for safety compliance. A strong positive correlation was found between safety climate and safety performance, and safety involvement accounted for 29.2% of the variance, while safety compliance accounted for 28.6% of the variance. The suggested association between self-reported injuries and safety climate was not confirmed. Nonetheless, Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a statistically significant negative correlation with safety climate. In conclusion, low scores for all safety climate dimensions show that safety on construction sites must be improved. The safety climate positively influences employees’ safety behavior (safety compliance and safety participation) and minimizes occupational injuries. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Description

Safety

Latest Articles

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Highly Accessed Articles

Latest Books

E-Mail Alert

News

Topics

Conferences

Special Issues

Topical Collections

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI