There is a widely accepted consensus that component manufacturing precision is directly correlated with improved functional performance. However, this increase in precision comes at the expense of higher manufacturing costs, resulting in a trade-off...
The RV-40E reducer is the representative model of the a typical RV reducer, where transmission accuracy and manufacturing cost are two important optimization indicators, while transmission accuracy depends on both the selection of accuracy levels for...
Endophytic fungi and bacteria live asymptomatically within plant tissues. In recent decades, research on endophytes has revealed that their significant role in promoting plants as endophytes has been shown to enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance...
Electric vehicles (EVs) are propelled by electric traction drive systems (ETDSs), which consist of various components including an electric motor, power electronic converter, and gear box. During manufacturing, end-of-line testing is the ultimate ste...
The present paper develops a new approach for manufacturing tolerances synthesis to allow the distribution of these tolerances over the different phases concerned in machining processes using relationships written in the tolerance analysis phase that...
To reduce the inaccuracy in energy efficiency evaluation, indoor and outdoor dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature (D&WBT) tolerances in the currently enacted Chinese room air conditioner (RAC) national standard were tightened into narrower intervals...
Photonic integrated circuits (PIC) devices are impacted by fabrication tolerances and therefore, prior knowledge of such variations could improve the PIC fabrication process and overall yield. This paper presents a method for predicting the fabricati...
Soil salinization severely threatens global crop production. Understanding the relationship between crop saline–alkaline tolerance physiology and the rhizosphere microbiome, and leveraging beneficial microorganisms to enhance crop stress resist...
Sulfatases are commonly divided into three classes: type I, type II, and type III sulfatases. The type III sulfatase, alkylsulfatase, could hydrolyze the primary alkyl sulfates, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium octyl sulfate. Thus, it...
Current and future heavy-duty gas turbines (GTs) are being developed as an alternative or support to renewable energy sources (RESs). Therefore, GTs are subjected to several instances of being switched on and off; thus, the material fatigue limit can...
Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machines with ironless rotors are an attractive and recently studied solution in low-speed applications, due to their potentially high power/weight ratio, high aspect ratio, and high efficiency. Nevertheless, these...
The conventional manufacturing chain for technical ceramics is too expensive for the production of small series or unique parts with complex designs. Hybrid machines that combine additive and subtractive processes can be an interesting solution to ov...
The interest in graphene-based electronics is due to graphene’s great carrier mobility, atomic thickness, resistance to radiation, and tolerance to extreme temperatures. These characteristics enable the development of extremely miniaturized high-perf...
Although numerous studies have used ML to predict gear transmission error, few have provided a normalized, interpretable risk metric for early tolerance assessment. This work fills that gap by proposing the Tonal Risk Index (TRI). Kinematic Transmiss...
The use of compensation networks increases the power transfer capability of inductive power transfer (IPT) systems in the battery charging process of electric vehicles (EVs). Among the proposed topologies, the Series-Series (SS) and the LCC networks...
The Gti1/Pac2 protein family, which is highly conserved across fungi, is pivotal in processes such as fungal development, spore formation, protein export, toxin production, and virulence. Despite its importance, the precise functions of Pac2 within e...
This paper presents research and theoretical development of a mathematical model that, first, allows us to understand how the positional exactitude of the output link of a four-bar mechanism depends on the manufacturing dimensional tolerances. To fin...
This paper uses the Taguchi method to optimize the manufacturing process and robust design of a low-cost permanent magnet motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC) cores. For the manufacturing process, SMC cores are produced by using the molding techn...
Flux-switching wound field machines (FSWFMs) offer high torque density and independence from rare-earth materials, making them promising candidates for sustainable electric vehicles and industrial applications. However, their adoption is limited by c...
This paper presents a robust optimal design method using a hybrid response surface method (H-RSM) which directly finds an optimal point satisfying a target Z-value or a probability of failure. Through three steps, this paper achieves the goal that is...
Minimizing cogging torque is critical for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs) in high-precision applications, such as electric power steering and robotics. While skewing techniques are typically applied to mitigate cogging to...
Opy2 is an important membrane-anchored protein upstream of the HOG-MAPK signaling pathway and plays important roles in both the HOG-MAPK and Fus3/Kss1 MAPK. In this study, the roles of MaOpy2 in Metarhizium acridum were systematically elucidated. The...
Defects associated with dimensional and geometric tolerance variability (tolerance problems) are often dealt with during the construction phase of projects. Despite the potentially severe consequences of those defects, tolerance management (TM) is a...
By analyzing temporal language, this study investigates the intellectual origins and the conceptual history of three concepts of tolerance that emerged in the Arabic context towards the end of the 19th century. The first is a philosophical concept th...
During the installation process of prefabricated components, deviations in dimensions and installation positions can occur due to construction quality issues, and the accumulation of these deviations can impact the reliability of component installati...
The two major mechanisms of plant defense against pathogens are resistance (the host’s ability to limit pathogen multiplication) and tolerance (the host’s ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of pathogen mu...
Soil sodicity is a significant crop production constraint around the world. Inherited tolerance is a precursor to pre-breeding and breeding tolerant cultivars. However, high yield per se and seasonal variability are potential limitations to identify...
In this paper I discuss Moses Mendelssohn’s argumentation on religious tolerance in his “Vorrede” (“preface”) that he added to his translation of Rabbi Manasseh Ben Israel’s letter “Vindiciae judaeorum”...
The 14 geometrical tolerances defined in ISO 1101 are supplemented by the alphanumerical symbols defined in this standard and some other standards. The symbols CZ (combined zone), SZ (separate zones) and SIM (simultaneous requirement), which are cruc...
Statistical tolerance analysis based on Monte Carlo simulation can be applied to obtain a cost-optimized tolerance specification that satisfies both the cost and quality requirements associated with manufacturing. However, this process requires time-...
At present, the automatic generation of tolerance types based on rule-based reasoning has an obvious characteristic: for the same assembly feature, tolerance items are recommended that satisfy all feature characteristics, with a large number of recom...
Drought severely limits crop yield every year, making it critical to clarify the genetic basis of drought tolerance for breeding of improved varieties. As drought tolerance is a complex quantitative trait, we analyzed three phenotypic groups: (1) agr...
The automatic generation of tolerance specifications is an important aspect of achieving digital product design. An obvious feature of the current automatic generation of tolerance based on rule reasoning is that all tolerance types will be inferred...
This study develops a progressive optimal fault-tolerant control method based on insufficient fault information. By combining passive and active fault-tolerant control manners during the process of fault diagnosis, insufficient fault information is f...
Seasonal change inferred to climate change inevitably influences Critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of riverine fishes. In this study, we investigated CTmax as thermal tolerance for four common riverine fishes, i.e., Danio regina, Channa gachua, R...
This paper describes a practice-based methodology applied to roundness and cylindricity concepts. Traditionally, technicians encounter difficulties in understanding this topic, especially when they analyze the tolerances involved due to the complexit...
Tolerance analysis is becoming increasingly important for tolerance design and optimization. When dealing with electromechanical products such as the array antenna, the form errors of the assembly must be considered. Traditional tolerance analysis wi...
Heat-tolerant species have become increasingly important because of climate change; however, a selection system for woody plants is not well established. This study was conducted to establish a selection system for heat-tolerant woody plant species a...
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress, limiting lentil productivity worldwide. Understanding the genetic basis of salt tolerance is vital to develop tolerant varieties. A diversity panel consisting of 276 lentil accessions was screened in a previou...
Bacteria can adapt to a changing environment by adopting alternate metabolic states favoring small molecule synthesis and resilience over growth. In Staphylococcus aureus, these states are induced by factors present during infection, including nutrit...
Since the first published report of experimental kidney transplantation in dogs in 1902, there were many experimental and clinical trials of organ transplantation, with many sacrifices. After the establishment of the surgical technique and the discov...
Graph invariants play a crucial role in understanding the structural and combinatorial characteristics of graphs. The fault-tolerant metric dimension, as a significant graph invariant, finds applications in diverse areas such as robust network optimi...
We show that the category of quantale-valued tolerance spaces is isomorphic to a category of quantale-valued convergence spaces. We define suitable quantale-valued closure functions and use them to characterize transitivity axioms. Furthermore, trans...
We often come across difficult to treat infections—even after administering appropriate antibiotics according to the minimal inhibitory concentration of the causative bacteria. Antibiotic tolerance has recently started to garner attention as a...
Researchers around the globe have contributed for many years to the research field of fault-tolerant control; the importance of this field is ever increasing as a consequence of the rising complexity of technical systems, the enlarging importance of...
The arm-multiplexing modular multilevel converter (AM-MMC) is a new compact MMC topology that is especially promising for offshore high-voltage direct current transmission systems. However, the reliable operation of AM-MMCs suffers from submodule (SM...
Under the new geometric product specification (GPS), a two-dimensional chain cannot completely guarantee quality of the product. To optimize the allocation of three-dimensional tolerances in the conceptual design stage, the geometric variations of th...
Objective: Subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) treatment is generally tolerable, but some patients may experience adverse events to one or more SCIG products. We investigated whether 16.5% Cutaquig® treatment offered a tolerable and safe alternati...
Soil salinity imposes osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stresses on plants, resulting in growth inhibition, developmental changes, metabolic adaptations, and ion sequestration or exclusion. Identifying salinity-tolerant resources and understanding physio...
Sensor networks provide services to a broad range of applications ranging from intelligence service surveillance to weather forecasting. While most of the sensor networks are terrestrial, Underwater Sensor Networks (USN) are an emerging area. One of...
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