Recent Progress in Hybrid Composites

A special issue of Journal of Composites Science (ISSN 2504-477X). This special issue belongs to the section "Composites Manufacturing and Processing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 12143

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
Interests: composites; hybrid; natural; optimization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce a Special Issue dedicated to the exploration of hybrid composites, a frontier in materials science and engineering. This Special Issue aims to showcase the latest advancements, innovative approaches, and practical applications in the realm of hybrid composite materials. We invite researchers and experts to submit their cutting-edge findings, covering a diverse range of topics such as material design, manufacturing techniques, characterization methods, and applications in various industries.

Hybrid composites, which combine multiple materials to achieve synergistic properties, have attracted significant attention for their potential to overcome individual material limitations. This Special Issue seeks to highlight research that addresses the challenges and opportunities presented by hybrid composites, fostering a deeper understanding of their behavior, performance, and potential for real-world applications. Submissions exploring novel combinations, processing methods, and optimization strategies are particularly encouraged.

Join us in creating a comprehensive resource that advances the field of hybrid composites, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange among researchers, engineers, and practitioners.

Submit your work to contribute to the collective exploration of hybrid composites and be part of shaping the future of advanced materials.

We look forward to receiving your valuable contributions.

Dr. Chensong Dong
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • composites
  • hybrid
  • fiber
  • particulate
  • design
  • processing
  • optimization

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Published Papers (13 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 10087 KiB  
Article
Effects of a Novel Three-Dimensional-Printed Wood–Polylactic Acid Interlayer on the Mode II Delamination of Composites
by Mazaher Salamat-Talab, Hossein Kazemi, Alireza Akhavan-Safar, Hossein Malekinejad, Ricardo J. C. Carbas and Lucas F. M. da Silva
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(12), 489; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8120489 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 415
Abstract
The interlayering method effectively enhances resistance against delamination in laminated composites. However, synthesis methods for interlayers have been limited and, at times, expensive. Consequently, this study investigates the effect of innovative 3D-printed wood–PLA interlayers on the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness (ILFT) of [...] Read more.
The interlayering method effectively enhances resistance against delamination in laminated composites. However, synthesis methods for interlayers have been limited and, at times, expensive. Consequently, this study investigates the effect of innovative 3D-printed wood–PLA interlayers on the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness (ILFT) of glass/epoxy composites. These interlayers feature a geometric structure comprising rhomboidal cell shapes, enabling the filament to maintain an equal volume percentage to the resin at the delamination interface. To this end, end-notch flexure (ENF) specimens were prepared, and the mode II ILFT was determined using the compliance-based beam method. The experimental results demonstrate a substantial increase in initiation load tolerance (32%) due to the 3D-printed interlayer. The R-curve analysis of the specimens with interlayers reveals significant enhancement in critical delamination parameters, including the length of the fracture process zone (23%), initiation ILFT (80%), and propagation ILFT (44%), compared to the samples without interlayers. The fracture surface analysis of the reinforced specimens with interlayers demonstrated that the interlayer positively impacts the delamination resistance of the ENF specimens. They create a larger resin-rich area and increase surface friction at the delamination interface. Also, this facilitates a crack front pinning mechanism and changes the direction of crack growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Hybrid Composites)
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14 pages, 4579 KiB  
Article
Development and Evaluation of Thread Transistor Based on Carbon-Nanotube Composite Thread with Ionic Gel and Its Application to Logic Gates
by Hiroki Kodaira and Takahide Oya
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(11), 463; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8110463 - 8 Nov 2024
Viewed by 511
Abstract
We propose a new type of flexible transistor based on carbon-nanotube (CNT) composite thread (CNTCT), i.e., a thread transistor, with ionic gel. In our previous study, we demonstrated that transistor operation was possible by combining metallic and semiconducting CNTCTs as gate and channel [...] Read more.
We propose a new type of flexible transistor based on carbon-nanotube (CNT) composite thread (CNTCT), i.e., a thread transistor, with ionic gel. In our previous study, we demonstrated that transistor operation was possible by combining metallic and semiconducting CNTCTs as gate and channel with an insulating material. However, its performance was not sufficient. Therefore, we here aim to improve it. For this, we tried to apply ionic gel as a dielectric layer to it. With this, the transistor was expected to be an electric-double-layer transistor. The transistor performance was improved, and the on/off ratio of the transistor increased by more than 4. This is a large value compared to our previous work. In addition, we not only evaluated the performance of the transistors, but also investigated whether they could be used as logic circuits. It was confirmed that the logic circuit composed of the thread transistor also operated correctly and stably for a long period of time. It was also confirmed that the output changed in response to weak external forces. These results indicate that it is a flexible transistor that can be used in a wide range of applications such as logic circuits and sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Hybrid Composites)
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19 pages, 3985 KiB  
Article
Removal of Ibuprofen from Aqueous Solutions by Using Graphene Oxide@MgO
by Natalia Malouchi, Athanasia K. Tolkou, Konstantinos N. Maroulas, Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis and George Z. Kyzas
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(10), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8100434 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 711
Abstract
In this study, a new composite adsorbent, namely magnesium oxide modified graphene oxide (hereafter abbreviated GO@MgO), was prepared for the removal of Ibuprofen (IBU), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) compound. Graphene oxide was modified with MgO to improve its properties. Several factors important [...] Read more.
In this study, a new composite adsorbent, namely magnesium oxide modified graphene oxide (hereafter abbreviated GO@MgO), was prepared for the removal of Ibuprofen (IBU), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) compound. Graphene oxide was modified with MgO to improve its properties. Several factors important for the evolution of the adsorption process were investigated, such as the dose of the adsorbent, the pH, and the initial IBU content, as well as the duration of the procedure and temperature. According to the results obtained, it was found that at pH 3.0 ± 0.1, by applying 0.5 g/L GO@MgO to 100 mg/L IBU, more than 80% was removed, reaching 96.3% with the addition of 1.5 g/L adsorbent in 24 h. After 30 min, the equilibrium was reached (77% removal) by adding 0.5 g/L of GO@MgO. This study proves that GO@MgO is capable of economical and efficient adsorption. The IBU kinetic data followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to interpret the adsorption, but the Freundlich model described the adsorption method more accurately. The positive values of ΔH0 (14.465 kJ/mol) confirm the endothermic nature of the adsorption. Due to the increase of ΔG0 values with temperature, the adsorption of IBU on GO@MgO is considered to be spontaneous. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Hybrid Composites)
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20 pages, 3868 KiB  
Article
PLGA/Ti-Zn as Nanocomposite for Drug Delivery of Oleoresin
by Noé Rodríguez-Barajas, Ubaldo de Jesús Martin-Camacho, Jasmin Salazar-Mendoza, Suresh Ghotekar, Jorge Alberto Sánchez-Burgos, Oscar Arturo González-Vargas, Mamoun Fellah, Monserrat Macías-Carballo, Yanet Karina Gutiérrez-Mercado, Gabriela Camargo-Hernández, Christian Martin Rodríguez-Razón and Alejandro Pérez-Larios
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(10), 431; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8100431 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1143
Abstract
Capsicum annuum L. var. “Chile de árbol” combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and TiO2-ZnO oxides synthesized at different molar ratios and pH (Ti-Zn A and B 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) via the sol-gel method was characterized by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, [...] Read more.
Capsicum annuum L. var. “Chile de árbol” combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and TiO2-ZnO oxides synthesized at different molar ratios and pH (Ti-Zn A and B 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) via the sol-gel method was characterized by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-DAD), and a release profile through mathematical models to explain its behavior. Furthermore, FTIR revealed the presence of PLGA, TiO2, and ZnO as well as amino group characteristics from oleoresin components, principally alkaloid groups (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin), as evidenced by HPLC, to identify the presence of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. The UV-Vis spectra showed a slight hypsochromic shift in the PLGA treatments. The release profile demonstrated a higher controllable release in the PLGA treatments than in the double nanoemulsions. Moreover, it is important to note that the effect of NPs influenced the release profile itself, increasing the release when NPs were synthesized at an acidic pH. Therefore, the TiZnOl/PLGA A characteristics suggest that these results have potential for pharmaceutical (as drug carriers) and medical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Hybrid Composites)
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21 pages, 13296 KiB  
Article
A Study on the Degradability and Mechanical–Rheological Correlations of PLA/Silk Composites
by Mohammadreza Mansourieh, Soheil Farshbaf Taghinezhad, Amin Abbasi, Yuanyuan Chen and Declan Devine
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(10), 428; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8100428 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 683
Abstract
High-strength biodegradable polymer composites have potential applications in a variety of biomedical applications. This study investigates the influence of silk fiber on the properties of the commonly used biodegradable polylactic acid-based composites, focusing on mechanical, rheological, morphological, and degradation characteristics. Mechanical tests revealed [...] Read more.
High-strength biodegradable polymer composites have potential applications in a variety of biomedical applications. This study investigates the influence of silk fiber on the properties of the commonly used biodegradable polylactic acid-based composites, focusing on mechanical, rheological, morphological, and degradation characteristics. Mechanical tests revealed that the addition of 2.5 wt% silk fibers enhanced the ductility of PLA composites, increasing tensile strain at break from 7.39% for pure PLA to 11.51% for the composite. However, higher silk contents (≥10 wt%) resulted in lower elongation at breaks but higher moduli, indicating a trade-off between flexibility and the structural rigidity of the composite. Rheological tests demonstrated that the presence of silk fibers up to 7.5% improved the storage modulus, reflecting better network formation within the PLA matrix. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) photomicrographs illustrated improved fiber dispersion, while higher contents introduced voids and stress concentrations, adversely affecting mechanical properties. Degradation tests in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C showed that silk additions slowed PLA degradation, suggesting controlled degradation suitable for biomedical applications. The optimal silk fiber content for balancing mechanical integrity and flexibility was identified to be ca 7.5 wt%, providing insights into the design of PLA/silk composites for enhanced performance in practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Hybrid Composites)
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13 pages, 3743 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Hybridization and Treatment Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Enset and Sisal Hybrid Composites
by Abera Endesha Bekele and Hirpa G. Lemu
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(9), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8090377 - 21 Sep 2024
Viewed by 535
Abstract
Natural fibers are among the most employed reinforcements in the manufacturing process of innovative fiber-based composite materials. As with any composite materials, the properties of composites depend on the type and properties of the fiber, fiber structure, composition (hybridization), and treatment. In this [...] Read more.
Natural fibers are among the most employed reinforcements in the manufacturing process of innovative fiber-based composite materials. As with any composite materials, the properties of composites depend on the type and properties of the fiber, fiber structure, composition (hybridization), and treatment. In this study, the composite was fabricated by using hand lay-up with 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100 Enset/Sisal (E/S) hybridization ratio. Three cases, i.e., untreated, 5%, and 10% NaOH treatment were considered. The effects of hybridization and treatment on the mechanical and water absorption properties of woven and unidirectional orientation of E/S hybrid composite were evaluated by using a two-factors analysis of variance. The fiber–matrix interfacial fractured surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The treated (5% NaOH) and woven fiber orientation exhibited better mechanical properties than untreated and unidirectional hybrid composites. The flexural and tensile strength of the woven composite was improved by 5% and 9%, respectively, when compared with woven untreated 50/50 volume ratio of composites. In both samples and orientations, the hybridization effects show a higher percentage contribution to the mechanical properties. But, in both orientations of composite samples, the treatment effects show a higher percentage contribution for water absorption properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Hybrid Composites)
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12 pages, 5023 KiB  
Article
Carbon Nanotube–Carbon Nanocoil Hybrid Film Decorated by Amorphous Silicon as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Huan Chen, Chen Wang, Zeng Fan, Chuanhui Cheng, Liang Hao and Lujun Pan
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(9), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8090350 - 6 Sep 2024
Viewed by 723
Abstract
Silicon (Si) as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted much attention due to its high theoretical specific capacity (4200 mAh/g). However, the specific capacity and cycle stability of the LIBs are reduced due to the pulverization caused by the expansion [...] Read more.
Silicon (Si) as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted much attention due to its high theoretical specific capacity (4200 mAh/g). However, the specific capacity and cycle stability of the LIBs are reduced due to the pulverization caused by the expansion of Si coated on Cu (copper) foil during cycles. In order to solve this problem, researchers have used an ultra-thin Si deposition layer as the electrode, which improves cyclic stability and obtains high initial coulomb efficiency of LIBs. However, suitable substrate selection is crucial to fabricate an ultrathin Si deposition layer electrode with excellent performance, and a substrate with a three-dimensional porous structure is desirable to ensure the deposition of an ultrathin Si layer on the whole surface of the substrate. In this paper, the Si thin layer has been deposited on a binder-free hybrid film of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanocoils (CNCs) by magnetron sputtering. Compared with densely packed CNT film and flat Cu foil, the loose and porous film provides a large surface area and space for Si deposition, and Si can be deposited not only on the surface but also in the interior part of the film. The film provides a large number of channels for the diffusion and transmission of Li+, resulting in the rapid diffusion rate of Li+, which improves the effective lithium storage utilization of Si. Furthermore, the CNC itself is super elastic, and film provides an elastic skeleton for the Si deposition layer, which eases its volume expansion during charge and discharge processes. Electrochemical tests have showed that the Si/CNT–CNC film electrode has excellent performance as anode for LIBs. After 200 cycles, the Si/CNT–CNC film electrode still had possessed a specific capacity of 2500 mAh/g, a capacity retention of 92.8% and a coulomb efficiency of 99%. This paper provides an effective way to fabricate high performance Si-nanocarbon composite electrodes for LIBs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Hybrid Composites)
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20 pages, 2673 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Fabrication of Zirconia Parts with Smooth Surface Texture and Tight Tolerances
by Laurent Spitaels, Valentin Dambly, Aiora Beobide Otaegi, Julien Bossu, Cathy Delmotte, Gregory Martic, Enrique Juste, Raoul Carrus, Pedro-José Arrazola, Fabrice Petit, Edouard Rivière-Lorphèvre and François Ducobu
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(7), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8070233 - 22 Jun 2024
Viewed by 899
Abstract
The conventional manufacturing chain for technical ceramics is too expensive for the production of small series or unique parts with complex designs. Hybrid machines that combine additive and subtractive processes can be an interesting solution to overcome this technology lock-in. However, despite the [...] Read more.
The conventional manufacturing chain for technical ceramics is too expensive for the production of small series or unique parts with complex designs. Hybrid machines that combine additive and subtractive processes can be an interesting solution to overcome this technology lock-in. However, despite the great interest in hybrid machines for metallic parts, there is a lack of data in the literature when it comes to ceramics. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to closing this gap. It is the first to evaluate the achievable geometrical tolerances according to ISO 2768-2 as well as the surface textures of composite zirconia parts shaped sequentially by pellet additive manufacturing (PAM, from ceramic injection molding feedstock) and finish milling. The green parts were then debinded and sintered to analyze the influence of these steps. Compared to the initial green parts, the sintered parts exhibited shiny and smooth surfaces with sharp edges. Flatness, parallelism and perpendicularity all achieved an H (fine) class, while the surface textures were significantly improved, resulting in arithmetic roughness (Ra) below 1.6 µm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Hybrid Composites)
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16 pages, 5626 KiB  
Article
Development, Dielectric Response, and Functionality of ZnTiO3/BaTiO3/Epoxy Resin Hybrid Nanocomposites
by Anastasios C. Patsidis, Eleftherios I. Koufakis, Georgios N. Mathioudakis, Orestis Vryonis and Georgios C. Psarras
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(6), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8060225 - 15 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1095
Abstract
In the present work, hybrid nanocomposites of an epoxy resin reinforced with ZnTiO3 and BaTiO3 nanoparticles, at various filler contents, were fabricated and studied. The successful integration of ceramic nanofillers and the fine distribution of nanoparticles were confirmed via X-ray Diffraction [...] Read more.
In the present work, hybrid nanocomposites of an epoxy resin reinforced with ZnTiO3 and BaTiO3 nanoparticles, at various filler contents, were fabricated and studied. The successful integration of ceramic nanofillers and the fine distribution of nanoparticles were confirmed via X-ray Diffraction patterns and Scanning Electron Microscopy images, respectively. Dielectric properties and related relaxation phenomena were investigated via Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy in a wide range of frequencies and temperatures. Data analysis showed that dielectric permittivity increases with filler content, although optimum performance does not correspond to the maximum ZnTiO3 content. Four relaxation processes were observed and attributed to interfacial polarization (IP) (at low frequencies and high temperatures), glass-to-rubber transition (α-relaxation) of the epoxy matrix (at intermediate frequencies and temperatures), and local rearrangements of polar side groups of the macromolecules (β-relaxation) and small flexible groups of the main polymer chain (γ-relaxation) occurring at low temperatures and high frequencies. The ability of hybrid nanocomposites to store and retrieve energy was studied under dc conditions by employing a charging/discharging sequence. The stored and retrieved energy increases with filler content and charging voltage. The optimum ability of energy recovering, shown by the epoxy/7 phr ZnTiO3/7 phr BaTiO3 nanocomposite, ranges between 30 and 50 times more than the matrix, depending on the time instant. The employed nanoparticles induce piezoelectric properties in the nanocomposites, as found by the increase in the piezoelectric coefficient with filler content. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Hybrid Composites)
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17 pages, 9430 KiB  
Article
Bolt-Hole Elongation of Woven Carbon-Epoxy Composite Plates and Joints Using the Digital Image Correlation Technique
by Masoud Mehrabian, Aouni Lakis, Jr. and Rachid Boukhili
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(5), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8050180 - 12 May 2024
Viewed by 1057
Abstract
The elongation of the bolt hole is an important parameter for assessing the failure of bolted joints. However, direct experimental measurement using strain gauges and extensometers is difficult. This article shows that digital image correlation (DIC) can overcome the difficulties and provide important [...] Read more.
The elongation of the bolt hole is an important parameter for assessing the failure of bolted joints. However, direct experimental measurement using strain gauges and extensometers is difficult. This article shows that digital image correlation (DIC) can overcome the difficulties and provide important indications of the failure mechanisms of bolted joints. Hole elongation was measured using DIC in the following carbon/epoxy composite configurations: standard open-hole tensile (OHT) and filled-hole tensile (FHT), single-lap shear only-bolted (OB), and single-lap shear hybrid-bolted/bonded (HBB) joints. For each configuration, the hole-elongation changes were tracked for cross-ply (CP) and quasi-isotropic (QI) stacking sequences with two thicknesses. In the tensile load direction for OHT and FHT cases, CP showed a greater hole elongation than QI. However, the opposite trend was observed in the transverse direction. In OB joints, bypass loads contributed more to the hole elongation than bearing action. In HBB joints, it has been observed that the adhesive significantly reduces hole elongation, particularly for CP configurations. Moreover, it was found that in HBB joints, hole elongation was independent of laminate lay-up, while it was very determinative in OB joints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Hybrid Composites)
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13 pages, 2791 KiB  
Article
Verification of the Inverse Scale Effect Hypothesis on Viscosity and Diffusion by Azo-Amino Acid Schiff Base Copper Complexes
by Yoshitora Wadayama, Ai Kaneda, Taiga Imae, Daisuke Nakane and Takashiro Akitsu
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(5), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8050177 - 10 May 2024
Viewed by 822
Abstract
Microdroplets generated in microfluidic devices are attracting attention as a new chemical reaction field and are expected to improve reactivity. One of the effects of microscaling is that the ratio of the force that acts on the diffusion and movement of substances to [...] Read more.
Microdroplets generated in microfluidic devices are attracting attention as a new chemical reaction field and are expected to improve reactivity. One of the effects of microscaling is that the ratio of the force that acts on the diffusion and movement of substances to gravity is different from that of ordinary solvents. Recently, we proposed a hypothesis for determining reaction acceleration through micro-miniaturization: If a reaction is inhibited by setting the volume and viscosity of the solution to conditions that are unfavorable to the reaction on a normal scale, that reaction can be promoted in microfluidics. Therefore, for the purpose of this verification, (1) we used an amino acid Schiff base copper(II) complex with an azobenzene group to demonstrate the polarization-induced orientation in a polymer film (the redirection that is mechanically maintained in a soft matter matrix). Numerical data on optical anisotropy parameters were reported. (2) When the reaction is confirmed to be promoted in laminar flow in a microfluidic device and its azo derivative, a copper(II) complex is used to increase the solvent viscosity or diffusion during synthesis on a normally large scale. We will obtain and discuss data on the investigation of changing the solvent volume as a region. The range of experimental conditions for volume and viscosity did not lead to an improvement in synthetic yield, nor did (3) the comparison of solvents and viscosity for single-crystal growth of amino acid Schiff base copper(II) complexes having azobenzene groups. A solvent whose viscosity was measured was used, but microcrystals were obtained using the diffusion method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Hybrid Composites)
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19 pages, 2520 KiB  
Article
On the Multidisciplinary Design of a Hybrid Rocket Launcher with a Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel
by Alain Souza, Paulo Teixeira Gonçalves, Frederico Afonso, Fernando Lau, Nuno Rocha and Afzal Suleman
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(3), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8030109 - 19 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1871
Abstract
A multidisciplinary design optimisation (MDO) study of a hybrid rocket launcher is presented, with a focus on quantifying the impact of using composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) as the oxidiser tank. The rocket hybrid propulsion system (RHPS) consists of a combination of solid [...] Read more.
A multidisciplinary design optimisation (MDO) study of a hybrid rocket launcher is presented, with a focus on quantifying the impact of using composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) as the oxidiser tank. The rocket hybrid propulsion system (RHPS) consists of a combination of solid fuel (paraffin) and liquid oxidiser (NOx). The oxidiser is conventionally stored in metallic vessels. Alternative design concepts involving composite-based pressure vessels are explored that could lead to significant improvements in the overall performance of the rocket. This design choice may potentially affect parameters such as total weight, thrust curve, and maximum altitude achieved. With this eventual impact in mind, structural considerations such as wall thickness for the COPV are integrated into an in-house MDO framework to conceptually optimise a hybrid rocket launcher. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Hybrid Composites)
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Review

Jump to: Research

24 pages, 3355 KiB  
Review
Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Biocomposites for Marine Applications: A Review
by Yang Huang, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan, Farah Syazwani Shahar, Rafał Grzejda and Andrzej Łukaszewicz
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(10), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8100430 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1166
Abstract
Highly efficient fiber-reinforced composites find extensive application in diverse industries. Yet, conventional fiber-reinforced composites have significant environmental impacts during both manufacturing and disposal. Environmentally friendly fiber-reinforced composites have garnered significant attention within the framework of sustainable development. Utilizing natural fibers in place of [...] Read more.
Highly efficient fiber-reinforced composites find extensive application in diverse industries. Yet, conventional fiber-reinforced composites have significant environmental impacts during both manufacturing and disposal. Environmentally friendly fiber-reinforced composites have garnered significant attention within the framework of sustainable development. Utilizing natural fibers in place of synthetic fibers and progressively decreasing the use of synthetic fibers are the main approaches to achieving a balance between economic progress and environmental quality. Attention is increasingly being drawn to natural fiber-reinforced biocomposites that exhibit outstanding environmental performance, exceptional physical and mechanical capabilities, and biological features. The lightweight and high-strength characteristics of these biocomposites enable them to significantly decrease the weight of structures, making them increasingly popular in many industries. The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of hybrid fiber-reinforced biocomposites in marine applications, specifically examining their mechanical characteristics, resistance to seawater, and ability to absorb moisture, all while advocating for sustainable material methodologies. To achieve this objective, the paper delineates the distinction between synthetic and natural fibers, examines the benefits of hybrid fiber-reinforced biocomposite materials, and addresses the obstacles and effective approaches in their production and application in seawater. Considering the review analysis, it can be inferred that the use of fiber-reinforced biocomposites in maritime applications shows significant potential and has abundant untapped growth prospects in the future years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Hybrid Composites)
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