Journal of Composites Science

The use of sustainable composite building materials is essential for developing infrastructure that benefits the environment while reducing energy consumption [...]

In this study, a ternary Ni/Mg/g-C₃N₄ composite was synthesized via a controlled precipitation–calcination route and evaluated for its visible-light-assisted degradation of methylene blue (MB). The structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of the composites were systematically investigated using XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, BET, and UV–Vis analyses. The results confirmed the successful construction of Ni/Mg/g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions with strong interfacial coupling and enhanced surface porosity. Among all samples, the Ni/Mg/CN20 composite exhibited the highest activity, achieving 66% MB degradation within 180 min under visible light. This superior performance was attributed to synergistic effects arising from efficient interfacial charge transfer, broadened light absorption, and abundant active sites. The composite also displayed excellent thermal stability. This work demonstrates that the rational control of g-C₃N₄ loading plays a decisive role in tuning the physicochemical and catalytic properties of Ni/Mg/g-C₃N₄ composites. The findings provide new insights into the design of cost-effective, thermally stable, and high-performance photocatalysts for visible-light-driven wastewater treatment.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of modern strategies for the synthesis, functionalization, and application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene for the development of high-performance polymer composites in the field of strain sensing. The paper systematically organizes key synthesis methods for CNTs and graphene (chemical vapor deposition (CVD), such as arc discharge, laser ablation, microwave synthesis, and flame synthesis, as well as approaches to their chemical and physical modification aimed at enhancing dispersion within polymer matrices and strengthening interfacial adhesion. A detailed examination is presented on the structural features of the nanofillers, such as the CNT aspect ratio, graphene oxide modification, and the formation of hybrid 3D networks and processing techniques, which enable the targeted control of the nanocomposite’s electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and flexibility. Central focus is placed on the fundamental mechanisms of the piezoresistive response, analyzing the role of percolation thresholds, quantum tunneling effects, and the reconfiguration of conductive networks under mechanical load. The review summarizes the latest advancements in flexible and stretchable sensors capable of detecting both micro- and macro-strains for structural health monitoring, highlighting the achieved improvements in sensitivity, operational range, and durability of the composites. Ultimately, this analysis clarifies the interrelationship between nanofiller structure (CNTs and graphene), processing conditions, and sensor functionality, highlighting key avenues for future innovation in smart materials and wearable devices.